EP0033475B2 - Double ladder - Google Patents

Double ladder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033475B2
EP0033475B2 EP81100404A EP81100404A EP0033475B2 EP 0033475 B2 EP0033475 B2 EP 0033475B2 EP 81100404 A EP81100404 A EP 81100404A EP 81100404 A EP81100404 A EP 81100404A EP 0033475 B2 EP0033475 B2 EP 0033475B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stringers
steps
legs
ladder
links
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81100404A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0033475B1 (en
EP0033475A1 (en
Inventor
Walter Kümmerlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Helga Kuemmerlin Te Bietigheim Bondsrepubliek Dui
Original Assignee
Kuemmerlin Helga
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=35311348&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0033475(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE19803003854 external-priority patent/DE3003854A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19808002726 external-priority patent/DE8002726U1/en
Priority claimed from DE19808013669 external-priority patent/DE8013669U1/en
Priority claimed from DE19808025544 external-priority patent/DE8025544U1/en
Application filed by Kuemmerlin Helga filed Critical Kuemmerlin Helga
Priority to AT81100404T priority Critical patent/ATE5493T1/en
Publication of EP0033475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033475A1/en
Publication of EP0033475B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033475B1/en
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Publication of EP0033475B2 publication Critical patent/EP0033475B2/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06CLADDERS
    • E06C1/00Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/38Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders
    • E06C1/39Ladders having platforms; Ladders changeable into platforms
    • E06C1/393Ladders having platforms foldable with the ladder
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06CLADDERS
    • E06C1/00Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/14Ladders capable of standing by themselves
    • E06C1/16Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground
    • E06C1/20Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground with supporting struts formed as poles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06CLADDERS
    • E06C1/00Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/38Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders
    • E06C1/387Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders having tip-up steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a block ladder, of the two legs of which are connected to one another in the region of their upper end so as to be pivotable about an axis Footprint of the ladder is formed in horizontal planes, plate-shaped steps, which are connected to the bars and pivotable in parallel to each other and parallel to the swiveling plane and are connected to the pivoting of the steps in a sense limiting handlebars, the steps a torque when walking on the step an approach of the handlebars to the uprights resulting from the opposite side of the uprights of the uprights and the handlebars with maximum spreading of the uprights along the entire length of their section adjacent to the uprights.
  • the handlebars which in the spread state of the legs rest with their lower ends on the bars carrying the steps, are parallel to the bars when the legs are folded and are at a distance from them which is greater than the maximum distance of the bars from the bars with spread legs, the handlebars with the ladder folded to a considerable extent over the bars of the step-free leg. Furthermore, the handlebars only contribute to the stiffening of the spars via the connections formed by the treads, which is why the latter must have relatively large dimensions.
  • Another known step ladder (FR-A 806116) has the same disadvantages with regard to accessibility, because here too the height difference between two successive steps in relation to the tread width is relatively large and, due to the overlap of the treads and their relatively shallow depth, the tread width is very small . Since, with spread legs, the treads project with their entire depth into the space between the two legs and the rear end of the treads, to which the two handlebars are articulated, is raised when the ladder is folded up, so that the top step is folded protrudes significantly above the upper end of the spars, the space requirement of these known fixed ladder in the folded state is relatively large, although the steps are in one plane and do not protrude laterally over the spars.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a step ladder that can be walked up and down just as safely and comfortably and without having to look for a stop, can be walked on as a conventional, fixed staircase, but still provides reliable protection against the maximum spreading angle being exceeded as well as a simple, low-weight construction without having a larger space requirement when folded.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the tread width of the treads and the height difference between two successive treads in the area customary for stationary stairs and the quotient of the height difference and tread width between approximately 0.44 and 0.77 lie that in the folded state of the legs, the treads are each pivoted into a position that does not result in a lateral protrusion above the bars and the handlebars, and their treads lie in one plane, and that at least on one of the two bars carrying the treads, a double-armed swivel lever by one Pivot axis of the leg parallel axis is pivotally mounted, one arm is articulated on the handlebar associated with the spar and the other arm is connected to the spar of the other leg located on the same conductor side.
  • the choice of the tread width of the steps and the difference in height between two successive steps in accordance with the values customary for fixed stairs ensures that the step ladder can be walked on as comfortably and safely as a fixed staircase, i.e. when walking downwards with the back to which the steps are supporting leg.
  • the handlebars By placing the bars and handlebars against each other with maximum spreading of the legs, the handlebars increase the bending stiffness of the bars in a maximum manner, which increases the load-bearing capacity and stability of the ladder.
  • the bars can therefore be made weaker and therefore lighter in weight and more space-saving than if there were no or only incomplete mutual support.
  • the steps do not protrude over the bars when the ladder is folded have to their longitudinal direction, rather lie between the spars in one plane. Therefore, the bars and handlebars carrying the steps can be swiveled in between the bars of the other leg without protrusion.
  • the top step In the transport or storage position of the fixed ladder, i.e. when the legs are folded, the top step therefore protrudes above the upper end of the bars. This supernatant can also be avoided.
  • only the protrusion of the uppermost step over the side of the leg bearing the step that faces the user needs to be chosen to be correspondingly small.
  • the rear edge of the steps is pivoted downwards when the two legs are folded against the foot end of the spars that carry them.
  • the swivel lever enables the maximum spread angle of the conductor limbs to be positively fixed even without a locking device and to secure the two conductor limbs against inadvertent folding of the conductors.
  • the handlebars only extend down to the lowest step, i.e. end at a distance from the lower end of the bars. This ensures that the handlebars do not protrude over the foot end of the spars when the legs are folded, even with steps with a large step width.
  • the bars and handlebars do not impair the usability of the uppermost step as a step surface and as a storage area, it is usually advisable for the bars and the handlebars to extend at most to the level defined by the step surface of the top step with maximum spread of the legs .
  • the bars of one of the two legs have an extension beyond the uppermost step, for example to form a handle for the user or to carry a storage plate or the like.
  • the pivot lever can either engage in a slot guide of the other leg by means of a driver or can be articulated at a fixed location on the other leg. In the latter case, however, an articulated subdivision of one arm of the pivot lever or the use of an intermediate lever is required.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a first exemplary embodiment in the use position
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the first exemplary embodiment in the transport position
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of the pivoting lever of the first exemplary embodiment and sections of the parts connected to it
  • FIG. 4 a side view of a second embodiment in the use position
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a third embodiment in the use position.
  • the two legs 301 and 302 of the embodiment of a fixed ladder shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 each have two bars 303 and 304 and are pivotally connected to one another in the region of the upper end of the bars.
  • the bars 304 are connected to one another at a distance from their lower end which forms the standing surface by a plate-shaped cross member 305, so that the leg 302 has sufficient stability.
  • treads 306 are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the legs and, as shown in FIG. 1, extend from one bar to the other of the legs 301.
  • the treads 306, which are all of the same design, are made of sheet metal, for reasons of weight, of an aluminum sheet.
  • the sheet is folded down on all four sides of the rectangular tread, which not only ensures high rigidity and stability of the treads even when using a relatively thin sheet, but also has a bearing cheek on each side.
  • the uppermost step is mounted approximately in the middle between its front and rear edges on the axis 318 connecting the two legs.
  • this axis is formed by a continuous rod.
  • two bearing journals aligned with one another could also be provided.
  • the two remaining steps 306, like the uppermost step, are pivotally mounted in the leg 301.
  • Their bearing points differ from the bearing point of the uppermost step toward the rear step edge Mass offset, so that the slope of the stairs formed by the steps 306 is less than the slope of the leg 301 with maximum spread of both legs. This maximum spread angle as well as the height difference between two successive steps and the step depth are selected so that in the use position there is a position of the steps as is usual with stairs.
  • step 306 protrudes forward over the spars 303 from top to bottom also means that the lower end of these spars does not protrude, or does not protrude significantly, from the lowest step. Furthermore, the smaller overhang of the uppermost step compared to the other steps reduces the length of the ladder in the folded state.
  • the bearing points 316 are selected in the area of the bearing cheeks such that each link 311 rests against the front of the spar 303 with which the legs 301, 302 are maximally spread, while holding the tread of the steps 306 in a horizontal position when the ladder is on a horizontal surface.
  • the bars 303 and the handlebars 311 can therefore be relatively thin-walled aluminum profiles. This also applies to the bars 304, the width of which is selected such that, as shown in FIG. 2, when the ladder is folded, the bars 303 and the handlebars 311, which also rest against them in this position, and the steps 306 do not protrude forwards or backwards.
  • the links 311 only need to extend from the top to the bottom step 306. However, for aesthetic reasons, they can also be led to the lower end of the spars 303, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by dashed lines. However, it must be ensured that the bars 303 and not the handlebars 311 form the base.
  • a pivot lever 315 is provided on each side of the ladder.
  • these two pivot levers 315 serve to positively limit the spreadability of the two legs 301 and 302 to the maximum spread angle.
  • the swivel levers 315 are double-armed levers, the two arms 315 'and 315 "of different lengths enclosing an obtuse angle which is open at the bottom in the use position of the ladder.
  • the leg 301 lies between one and the other another shorter arm 315 ', and the two longer arms 315 "engage between the bars 304 of the leg 302.
  • the two pivot levers 315 are mounted on the pivot axis connecting the middle step 306 with the spars 303, and for the articulation of the
  • the free end of its shorter arm 315 'on the handlebar is provided with the pin 317 connecting it to the step.
  • this pin 317 is firmly connected to the handlebar 315 at one end. When installed, it passes through holes in the handlebars and the bearing cheek of the middle step, which are aligned with one another.
  • the frictional torque is between the two pivot levers 315 and the bars 303 adjustable.
  • the pivot axis of the middle step 306 is designed as a continuous rod 319, which is firmly connected at both ends to the bars 303 and each has a central blind hole with an internal thread.
  • a screw 321 forming the bearing pin for the swivel lever 315 is screwed into this internal thread, on which, as shown in FIG.
  • a spring ring 323 resting on the screw head and two washers 325 are arranged, which rest on one or the other side of the swivel lever 315 .
  • a roller 327 is cantilevered, which protrudes outward from the pivot lever and engages in an inwardly open guide groove 304 'of the hollow profile rod from which the bars 304 of the leg 302 are made Unfolding and collapsing the conductors, the rollers 327 move in the guide grooves 304 'which extend in the longitudinal direction of the bars 304.
  • it is not necessary to limit the displaceability of the rollers in the longitudinal direction of the groove for the purpose of limiting the spreading angle of the legs because the two pivot levers no can perform further pivoting movement relative to the spars 303 when the handlebars 311 abut them.
  • the spread angle of the legs cannot therefore be increased beyond the size shown in FIG. 1, because this would require a further pivoting movement of the pivot lever 315 counterclockwise around the axis defined by the screw 321.
  • the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 corresponds, as a comparison with FIG. 1 shows, in essential features to the first exemplary embodiment.
  • Corresponding parts are therefore identified by reference numerals 100 larger, and the following explanation is limited to the different features. With regard to the other features, reference is made to the explanations relating to the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the identically designed steps 406 are all connected to the bars 404 of the leg 401 and the handlebars 411 in such a way that they have the same projection over the handlebars 411 in the use position of the ladder. However, they could also have the staggered arrangement shown in FIG. 1, as on the other hand the treads 306 of the first exemplary embodiment could all have the same overhang over the handlebars 311.
  • a rod-shaped or tubular axis extending from one spar to the other is provided, of which the one carrying the uppermost step also forms the articulated axis 418 of the fixed ladder, to connect the steps 406 with the two links 411 and the latter with one of the two pivot levers 415 with the help of a rivet.
  • each of the two pivot levers 415 which, as in the second exemplary embodiment, are designed as a double-armed lever, the two arms 415 'and 415 "of which form an obtuse angle which is open at the bottom and are articulated at the end of the end pointing towards the leg 402 to the one end of an intermediate lever 426, the other end of which is articulated on the inside of the adjacent spar 404.
  • the articulation point is selected such that the arm 415 "and the intermediate lever 426 form an obtuse angle which is open at the top when the two legs 401 and 402 are spread to the maximum angle. Then, when the ladder collapses, the pivot levers 415 are pivoted clockwise in a viewing direction according to FIG. 4, as is also the case with the pivot levers 315 of the first exemplary embodiment. Steps 406, which, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, have a decreasing height toward their front edge, then likewise pivot into the position shown in FIG. 2 for the first exemplary embodiment, and are therefore not above rear spars 404 and the handlebars 411 over.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the fixed ladder according to the invention.
  • This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiments already described in that the bars 504 forming the rear leg 502 are extended beyond the connection point with the bars 503 of the front leg 501. These extensions form a handle that the user can hold onto the ladder. The upper end of the extensions is therefore connected by a cross bar. Of course, a tray could also be attached to the extensions.
  • the design of the treads, their connection with the bars 503 and the handlebars 511 and the inclination of the front leg 501 with maximum spread and the height difference between two successive treads as well as the depth or tread width of the treads is chosen as in the two previously described exemplary embodiments, which is why the explanations regarding these exemplary embodiments are referred to.
  • the connection of the two legs 501 and 502 by means of a pivot lever 515 on each conductor side is basically the same as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4.
  • the two pivot levers 515 of the same design are double-armed levers which are pivotally mounted on one of the axles 521 and which pivotally connect the steps 506 to the bars 503.
  • One arm of the pivot lever 515 extends from this bearing point to the articulation point which connects the associated step to the handlebar 511 in an articulated manner.
  • the other arm is divided into two sections which are connected to one another in an articulated manner and articulated with its distal end on the bar 504 of the rear leg 502.
  • this arm rigidly and to provide a pin at its distal end which engages in a guide groove of the spar 504.

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  • Ladders (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Blockleiter, von deren beiden im Bereich ihres oberen Endes um eine Achse schwenkbar miteinander verbundenen Schenkeln wenigstens der eine von Holmen getragene, in Holmlängsrichtung im Abstand voneinander angeordnete, die Trittflächen bildende Querträger aufweist, die als bei maximaler Spreizung der Schenkel und horizontaler Standfläche der Leiter in horizontalen Ebenen liegende, plattenförmige Trittstufen ausgebildet sind, welche um zueinander parallele Achsen schwenkbar mit den Holmen sowie in deren Schwenkebene liegenden und die Schwenkbarkeit der Trittstufen im einen Sinne begrenzenden Lenkern verbunden sind, wobei die Trittstufen einen beim Begehen ein Drehmoment im Sinne einer Annäherung der Lenker an die Holme ergebenden Überstand über die dem anderen Schenkel abgekehrte Seite der Holme haben und die Lenker bei maximaler Spreizung der Schenkel auf der ganzen Länge ihres zu den Holmen benachbarten Abschnittes an letzteren anliegen.The invention relates to a block ladder, of the two legs of which are connected to one another in the region of their upper end so as to be pivotable about an axis Footprint of the ladder is formed in horizontal planes, plate-shaped steps, which are connected to the bars and pivotable in parallel to each other and parallel to the swiveling plane and are connected to the pivoting of the steps in a sense limiting handlebars, the steps a torque when walking on the step an approach of the handlebars to the uprights resulting from the opposite side of the uprights of the uprights and the handlebars with maximum spreading of the uprights along the entire length of their section adjacent to the uprights.

Bei einer bekannten Bockleiter dieser Art (US-A 1 633 902) ist es trotz der plattenförmigen Trittstufen nicht oder nur mit Schwierigkeiten möglich, die Leiter hinauf oder hinabzusteigen, ohne sich an der Leiter selbst oder an einem anderen Gegenstand festzuhalten, weil die Trittstufen sich überlappen, so dass die Auftrittsbreite der an sich nicht sehr tiefen Trittstufen sehr gering ist. Ausserdem ist der Höhenunterschied zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Trittstufen im Verhältnis zur Auftrittsbreite und damit die Steigerung der Bockleiter relativ gross. Störend gross ist ferner der Raumbedarf dieser Bockleiter im zusammengeklappten Zustand. Dies ist zum einen dadurch bedingt, dass die Holme im zusammengeklappten Zustand lotrecht auf der obersten Trittstufe stehen und diese beidseitig über die Holme übersteht. Ferner lassen sich nur die Holme, nicht auch die Lenker des die Trittstufen tragenden Schenkels zwischen die Holme des anderen Schenkels schwenken. Da ausserdem die Lenker, die im gespreizten Zustand der Schenkel mit ihrem unteren Ende an den die Trittstufen tragenden Holmen anliegen, bei zusammengeklappten Schenkeln parallel zu den Holmen und in einem Abstand von diesen liegen, der grösser ist als der maximale Abstand der Lenker von den Holmen bei gespreizten Schenkeln, stehen die Lenker bei zusammengeklappter Leiter in erheblichem Masse über die Holme des trittstufenfreien Schenkels über. Weiterhin tragen die Lenker nur über die durch die Trittstufen gebildeten Verbindungen zur Versteifung der Holme bei, weshalb letztere relativ grosse Abmessungen aufweisen müssen.In a known step ladder of this type (US-A 1 633 902), despite the plate-shaped steps, it is not possible, or only with difficulty, to climb or descend the ladder without holding onto the ladder itself or another object, because the steps step overlap so that the tread width of the steps, which are not very deep, is very small. In addition, the difference in height between two successive steps in relation to the tread width and thus the increase in the fixed ladder is relatively large. The space requirement of this fixed ladder when folded is also disruptively large. This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that the spars stand vertically on the top step when folded and that they protrude from the spars on both sides. Furthermore, only the bars, not also the handlebars of the leg carrying the steps, can be pivoted between the bars of the other leg. In addition, since the handlebars, which in the spread state of the legs rest with their lower ends on the bars carrying the steps, are parallel to the bars when the legs are folded and are at a distance from them which is greater than the maximum distance of the bars from the bars with spread legs, the handlebars with the ladder folded to a considerable extent over the bars of the step-free leg. Furthermore, the handlebars only contribute to the stiffening of the spars via the connections formed by the treads, which is why the latter must have relatively large dimensions.

Eine andere bekannte Bockleiter (FR-A 806116) ist mit denselben Nachteilen hinsichtlich der Begehbarkeit behaftet, weil auch hier der Höhenunterschied zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Trittstufen im Verhältnis zur Auftrittsbreite relativ gross und wegen der Überlappung der Trittstufen und ihrer relativ geringen Tiefe die Auftrittsbreite sehr klein ist. Da bei gespreizten Schenkeln die Trittstufen mit ihrer gesamten Tiefe in den Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Schenkeln ragen und das hintere Ende der Trittstufen, an dem die beiden Lenker angelenkt sind, beim Zusammenklappen der Leiter nach oben geschenkt wird, so dass im zusammengeklappten Zustand die oberste Trittstufe erheblich über das obere Ende der Holme übersteht, ist der Raumbedarf dieser bekannten Bockleiter im zusammengeklappten Zustand relativ gross, obwohl die Trittstufen in einer Ebene liegen und seitlich nicht über die Holme überstehen.Another known step ladder (FR-A 806116) has the same disadvantages with regard to accessibility, because here too the height difference between two successive steps in relation to the tread width is relatively large and, due to the overlap of the treads and their relatively shallow depth, the tread width is very small . Since, with spread legs, the treads project with their entire depth into the space between the two legs and the rear end of the treads, to which the two handlebars are articulated, is raised when the ladder is folded up, so that the top step is folded protrudes significantly above the upper end of the spars, the space requirement of these known fixed ladder in the folded state is relatively large, although the steps are in one plane and do not protrude laterally over the spars.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Bockleiter zu schaffen, die sowohl aufwärts als auch abwärts genauso sicher und bequem und ohne einen Halt suchen zu müssen, begehbar ist wie eine übliche, ortsfeste Treppe, aber dennoch eine zuverlässige Sicherung gegen ein Überschreiten des maximalen Spreizwinkels sowie eine einfache, gewichtsarme Konstruktion aufweist ohne dass sie im zusammengeklappten Zustand einen grösseren Raumbedarf hat.The invention has for its object to provide a step ladder that can be walked up and down just as safely and comfortably and without having to look for a stop, can be walked on as a conventional, fixed staircase, but still provides reliable protection against the maximum spreading angle being exceeded as well as a simple, low-weight construction without having a larger space requirement when folded.

Ausgehend von einer Leiter der eingangs genannten Art ist diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Auftrittsbreite der Trittstufen sowie der Höhenunterschied zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Trittstufen in dem bei ortsfesten Treppen üblichen Bereich und der Quotient aus Höhenunterschied und Auftrittsbreite zwischen etwa 0,44 und 0,77 liegen, dass im zusammengeklappten Zustand der Schenkel die Trittstufen je in eine keinen seitlichen Überstand über die Holme und die Lenker ergebenden Lage geschwenkt sind und ihre Trittflächen in einer Ebene liegen und dass zumindest an einem der beiden die Trittstufen tragenden Holme ein doppelarmiger Schwenkhebel um eine zur Schwenkachse der Schenkel parallele Achse schwenkbar gelagert ist, dessen einer Arm an dem dem Holm zugeordneten Lenker angelenkt ist und dessen anderer Arm mit dem sich an der gleichen Leiterseite befindenden Holm des anderen Schenkels in Verbindung steht. Durch die Wahl der Auftrittsbreite der Trittstufen sowie des Höhenunterschiedes zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Trittstufen entsprechend den bei ortsfesten Treppen üblichen Werten ist gewährleistet, dass die Bockleiter ebenso bequem und sicher wie eine ortsfeste Treppe begangen werden kann, beim Abwärtsgehen also auch mit dem Rücken zu dem die Trittstufen tragenden Schenkel hin. Durch die Anlage der Holme und Lenker aneinander bei maximaler Spreizung der Schenkel erhöhen die Lenker die Biegesteifigkeit der Holme in maximaler Weise, was die Tragfähigkeit und Stabilität der Leiter erhöht. Die Holme können deshalb schwächer und damit gewichtsärmer sowie raumsparender ausgebildet werden, als wenn keine oder nur eine unvollständige gegenseitige Abstützung vorhanden wäre. Für den minimalen Raumbedarf ist weiterhin von Bedeutung, dass die Trittstufen bei zusammengeklappter Leiter keinen Überstand über die Holme quer zu deren Längsrichtung aufweisen, vielmehr zwischen den Holmen in einer Ebene liegen. Daher können auch die die Trittstufen tragenden Holme und Lenker ohne Überstand zwischen die Holme des anderen Schenkels eingeschwenkt werden. In der Transport- oder Aufbewahrungsstellung der Bockleiter, also bei zusammengeklappten Schenkeln, steht deshalb allenfalls die oberste Trittstufe über das obere Ende der Holme über. Dieser Überstand kann aber ebenfalls vermieden werden. Hierzu braucht nur der Überstand der obersten Trittstufe über die dem Benutzer zugekehrte Seite des die Trittstufen tragenden Schenkels entsprechend klein gewählt zu werden. Der hintere Rand der Trittstufen wird nämlich beim Zusammenklappen der beiden Schenkel nach unten gegen das Fussende der sie tragenden Holme hin geschwenkt. Der Schwenkhebel ermöglicht es, auch ohne eine Verriegelungseinrichtung formschlüssig den maximalen Spreizwinkel der Leiterschenkel festzulegen und die beiden Leiterschenkel gegen ein ungewolltes Zusammenklappen der Leiter zu sichern.Starting from a ladder of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the tread width of the treads and the height difference between two successive treads in the area customary for stationary stairs and the quotient of the height difference and tread width between approximately 0.44 and 0.77 lie that in the folded state of the legs, the treads are each pivoted into a position that does not result in a lateral protrusion above the bars and the handlebars, and their treads lie in one plane, and that at least on one of the two bars carrying the treads, a double-armed swivel lever by one Pivot axis of the leg parallel axis is pivotally mounted, one arm is articulated on the handlebar associated with the spar and the other arm is connected to the spar of the other leg located on the same conductor side. The choice of the tread width of the steps and the difference in height between two successive steps in accordance with the values customary for fixed stairs ensures that the step ladder can be walked on as comfortably and safely as a fixed staircase, i.e. when walking downwards with the back to which the steps are supporting leg. By placing the bars and handlebars against each other with maximum spreading of the legs, the handlebars increase the bending stiffness of the bars in a maximum manner, which increases the load-bearing capacity and stability of the ladder. The bars can therefore be made weaker and therefore lighter in weight and more space-saving than if there were no or only incomplete mutual support. For the minimal space requirement, it is also important that the steps do not protrude over the bars when the ladder is folded have to their longitudinal direction, rather lie between the spars in one plane. Therefore, the bars and handlebars carrying the steps can be swiveled in between the bars of the other leg without protrusion. In the transport or storage position of the fixed ladder, i.e. when the legs are folded, the top step therefore protrudes above the upper end of the bars. This supernatant can also be avoided. For this purpose, only the protrusion of the uppermost step over the side of the leg bearing the step that faces the user needs to be chosen to be correspondingly small. The rear edge of the steps is pivoted downwards when the two legs are folded against the foot end of the spars that carry them. The swivel lever enables the maximum spread angle of the conductor limbs to be positively fixed even without a locking device and to secure the two conductor limbs against inadvertent folding of the conductors.

In einer konstruktiv besonders einfachen Weise lässt sich eine gegenseitige Abstützung von Holmen und Lenkern erreichen, wenn die Lenker vor der dem anderen Schenkel abgekehrten Vorderseite der Holme angeordnet sind, wie dies durch die Bockleiter gemäss der US-A 1633902 an sich bekannt ist.In a structurally particularly simple manner, a mutual support of spars and handlebars can be achieved if the handlebars are arranged in front of the front of the spars facing away from the other leg, as is known per se by the step ladder according to US-A 1633902.

Sowohl aus Gründen der Standsicherheit der Leiter, aber auch im Hinblick auf eine möglichst gewichtsarme und raumsparende Bauweise ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Lenker nach unten sich nur bis zur untersten Trittstufe erstrecken, also im Abstand vom unteren Ende der Holme enden. Hierdurch ist auch bei Trittstufen mit grosser Auftrittsbreite gewährleistet, dass die Lenker bei zusammengeklappten Schenkeln nicht über das Fussende der Holme überstehen.Both for reasons of stability of the ladder, but also with regard to a construction that is as light as possible and space-saving, it is advantageous if the handlebars only extend down to the lowest step, i.e. end at a distance from the lower end of the bars. This ensures that the handlebars do not protrude over the foot end of the spars when the legs are folded, even with steps with a large step width.

Es ist nicht notwendig, dass der Überstand aller Trittstufen über die Vorderseite der sie tragenden Holme gleich gross ist. Vielmehr ist es in der Regel vorteilhaft, wenn dieser Überstand dieser Trittstufen von der obersten zur untersten Trittstufe hin zunimmt. Zum einen kann hierdurch die Gefahr, dass der Benutzer gegen das untere Ende der die Trittstufen tragenden Holme stösst, noch weiter vermindert werden. Zum anderen lässt sich damit die sich aus der Anordnung der Trittstufen ergebende Steigung gegenüber der sich aus der Neigungslage der Holme ergebenden Steigung verringern und noch höhere Sicherheit und Bequemlichkeit beim Begehen der Bockleiter erzielen. Ausserdem verringert ein kleinerer Überstand der obersten Trittstufe die Länge der zusammengeklappten Leiter.It is not necessary that the protrusion of all steps over the front of the spars carrying them is the same. Rather, it is generally advantageous if this protrusion of these steps increases from the top to the bottom step. On the one hand, this further reduces the risk of the user pushing against the lower end of the spars that carry the steps. On the other hand, the slope resulting from the arrangement of the steps can be reduced compared to the slope resulting from the inclined position of the spars, and even greater safety and convenience can be achieved when walking on the fixed ladder. In addition, a smaller projection of the top step reduces the length of the folded ladder.

Damit die Holme und Lenker die Benutzbarkeit der obersten Trittstufe als Trittfläche und als Abstellfläche nicht beeinträchtigen, ist es in der Regel zweckmässig, wenn die Holme und die Lenker bei maximaler Spreizung der Schenkel sich höchstens bis zu der durch die Trittfläche der obersten Trittstufe definierten Ebene erstreckt. Es kann aber auch erwünscht sein, wenn die Holme des einen der beiden Schenkel eine Verlängerung über die oberste Trittstufe hinaus aufweisen, um beispielsweise einen Griff für den Benutzer zu bilden oder auch eine Abstellplatte oder dergleichen zu tragen. Der Schwenkhebel kann wahlweise mittels eines Mitnehmers in eine Schlitzführung des anderen Schenkels eingreifen oder an einer ortsfesten Stelle des anderen Schenkels angelenkt sein. Im letztgenannten Falle ist allerdings eine gelenkige Unterteilung des einen Arms des Schwenkhebels oder die Verwendung eines Zwischenhebels erforderlich.So that the bars and handlebars do not impair the usability of the uppermost step as a step surface and as a storage area, it is usually advisable for the bars and the handlebars to extend at most to the level defined by the step surface of the top step with maximum spread of the legs . However, it may also be desirable if the bars of one of the two legs have an extension beyond the uppermost step, for example to form a handle for the user or to carry a storage plate or the like. The pivot lever can either engage in a slot guide of the other leg by means of a driver or can be articulated at a fixed location on the other leg. In the latter case, however, an articulated subdivision of one arm of the pivot lever or the use of an intermediate lever is required.

Im folgenden ist die Erfindung anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen im einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigt Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels in der Gebrauchsstellung, Fig.2 eine Seitenansicht des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels in der Transportstellung, Fig. eine auseinandergezogen dargestellte Ansicht des Schwenkhebels des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels sowie Abschnitte der mit ihm in Verbindung stehenden Teile, Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels in der Gebrauchsstellung, Fig.5 eine Seitenansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels in der Gebrauchsstellung.The invention is explained in detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. 1 shows a side view of a first exemplary embodiment in the use position, FIG. 2 shows a side view of the first exemplary embodiment in the transport position, FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of the pivoting lever of the first exemplary embodiment and sections of the parts connected to it, FIG. 4 a side view of a second embodiment in the use position, Figure 5 is a side view of a third embodiment in the use position.

Die beiden Schenkel 301 bzw. 302 des in den Fig. bis 3 dargestellten, Ausführungsbeispiels einer Bockleiter weisen je zwei Holme 303 bzw. 304 auf und sind im Bereich des oberen Endes der Holme schwenkbar miteinander verbunden. Die Holme 304 sind im Abstand von ihrem unteren, die Standfläche bildenden Ende durch eine plattenförmige Traverse 305 miteinander verbunden, damit der Schenkel 302 eine ausreichende Stabilität hat.The two legs 301 and 302 of the embodiment of a fixed ladder shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 each have two bars 303 and 304 and are pivotally connected to one another in the region of the upper end of the bars. The bars 304 are connected to one another at a distance from their lower end which forms the standing surface by a plate-shaped cross member 305, so that the leg 302 has sufficient stability.

Zwischen den Holmen 303, deren oberes Ende zwischen die Holme 304 eingreift, sind in Schenkellängsrichtung in gleichen Abständen Trittstufen 306 angeordnet, die sich, wie Fig. 1 zeigt, vom einen zum anderen Holm des Schenkels 301 erstrecken.Between the bars 303, the upper end of which engages between the bars 304, treads 306 are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the legs and, as shown in FIG. 1, extend from one bar to the other of the legs 301.

Die Trittstufen 306, die alle gleich ausgebildet sind, sind aus einem Blech hergestellt, und zwar aus Gewichtsgründen aus einem Aluminiumblech. Das Blech ist an allen vier Seiten der rechteckförmigen Trittfläche nach unten abgekantet, wodurch nicht nur eine hohe Steifigkeit und Stabilität der Trittstufen auch bei Verwendung eines relativ dünnen Bleches erzielt wird, sondern auch an beiden Seiten je eine Lagerwange vorhanden ist.The treads 306, which are all of the same design, are made of sheet metal, for reasons of weight, of an aluminum sheet. The sheet is folded down on all four sides of the rectangular tread, which not only ensures high rigidity and stability of the treads even when using a relatively thin sheet, but also has a bearing cheek on each side.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, ist die oberste Trittstufe etwa in der Mitte zwischen ihrem vorderen und hinteren Rand auf der die beiden Schenkel miteinander verbindenden Achse 318 gelagert. Diese Achse wird im Ausführungsbeispiel von einer durchgehenden Stange gebildet. Es könnten aber auch zwei miteinander fluchtende Lagerzapfen vorgesehen sein. Die beiden übrigen Trittstufen 306 sind wie die oberste Trittstufe schwenkbar im Schenkel 301 gelagert. Ihre Lagerstellen sind jedoch, wie Fig. 1 zeigt, gegenüber der Lagerstelle der obersten Trittstufe gegen den hinteren Stufenrand hin in unterschiedlichem Masse versetzt, damit die Steigung der durch die Trittstufen 306 gebildeten Treppe geringer ist als die Steigung des Schenkels 301 bei maximaler Spreizung beider Schenkel. Dieser maximale Spreizwinkel sowie die Höhendifferenz zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Stufen und die Stufentiefe sind so gewählt, dass sich in der Gebrauchsstellung eine Lage der Trittstufen ergibt, wie sie bei Treppen üblich ist. Durch den von oben nach unten zunehmenden Überstand der Trittstufe 306 nach vorne über die Holme 303 wird ausserdem erreicht, dass das untere Ende dieser Holme nicht oder nicht wesentlich über die unterste Trittstufe vorsteht. Ferner verringert der gegenüber den übrigen Trittstufen kleinere Überstand der obersten Trittstufe die Länge der Leiter im zusammengeklappten Zustand.As shown in FIG. 1, the uppermost step is mounted approximately in the middle between its front and rear edges on the axis 318 connecting the two legs. In the exemplary embodiment, this axis is formed by a continuous rod. However, two bearing journals aligned with one another could also be provided. The two remaining steps 306, like the uppermost step, are pivotally mounted in the leg 301. Their bearing points, however, as shown in FIG. 1, differ from the bearing point of the uppermost step toward the rear step edge Mass offset, so that the slope of the stairs formed by the steps 306 is less than the slope of the leg 301 with maximum spread of both legs. This maximum spread angle as well as the height difference between two successive steps and the step depth are selected so that in the use position there is a position of the steps as is usual with stairs. The fact that the step 306 protrudes forward over the spars 303 from top to bottom also means that the lower end of these spars does not protrude, or does not protrude significantly, from the lowest step. Furthermore, the smaller overhang of the uppermost step compared to the other steps reduces the length of the ladder in the folded state.

Um die Trittstufen 306 bei maximaler Spreizung der beiden Schenkel 301 und 302 und horizontaler Standfläche in einer horizontalen Lage zu halten und sie beim Spreizen der Schenkel gemeinsam in diese Lage zu schwenken bzw. beim Zusammenklappen der Leiter in die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Lage zu bringen, in der ihre Trittflächen in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegen, die parallel zu der durch die Rückseite der Holme 304 definierten Ebene oder in dieser Ebene liegt, jedoch nicht über diese nach hinten übersteht, sind zwei Lenker 311 vorgesehen. Mit diesen vor dem einen bzw. anderen Holm 303 und in deren Schwenkebene angeordneten Lenkern 311 sind, wie Fig. 1 zeigt, die Trittstufen 306 im Bereich ihrer Lagerwangen schwenkbarverbunden. Die Lagerstellen 316 sind dabei im Bereich der Lagerwangen so gewählt, dass jeder Lenker 311 bei maximaler Spreizung der Schenkel 301, 302 an der Vorderseite des Holms 303, auf den er ausgerichtet ist, anliegt und dabei die Trittfläche der Trittstufen 306 in einer horizontalen Lage hält, wenn die Leiter auf einer horizontalen Fläche steht. Durch diese Anlage der Lenker 311 an den Holmen 303 wird die Tragfähigkeit und Stabilität des Schenkels 301 erhöht. Die Holme 303 und die Lenker 311 können deshalb relativ dünnwandige Aluminiumprofile sein. Dies gilt auch für die Holme 304, deren Breite so gewählt ist dass, wie Fig. 2 zeigt, bei zusammengeklappter Leiter die Holme 303 und die auch in dieser Stellung an ihnen anliegenden Lenkern 311 sowie die Trittstufen 306 weder nach vorne noch nach hinten überstehen.In order to keep the treads 306 in a horizontal position with the two legs 301 and 302 at maximum spread and with a horizontal standing surface and to pivot them together into this position when the legs are spread or to bring them into the position shown in FIG. 2 when the ladder is folded up , in which their treads lie in a common plane which is parallel to the plane defined by the rear of the bars 304 or in this plane, but does not project beyond the latter, two links 311 are provided. As shown in FIG. 1, the treads 306 are pivotally connected to these in front of the one or the other spar 303 and in the pivoting plane of the links 311, in the region of their bearing cheeks. The bearing points 316 are selected in the area of the bearing cheeks such that each link 311 rests against the front of the spar 303 with which the legs 301, 302 are maximally spread, while holding the tread of the steps 306 in a horizontal position when the ladder is on a horizontal surface. Through this arrangement of the handlebars 311 on the bars 303, the load-bearing capacity and stability of the leg 301 are increased. The bars 303 and the handlebars 311 can therefore be relatively thin-walled aluminum profiles. This also applies to the bars 304, the width of which is selected such that, as shown in FIG. 2, when the ladder is folded, the bars 303 and the handlebars 311, which also rest against them in this position, and the steps 306 do not protrude forwards or backwards.

Die Lenker 311 brauchen sich nur von der obersten bis zur untersten Trittstufe 306 zu erstrekken. Man kann sie jedoch aus ästhetischen Gründen auch bis zum unteren Ende der Holme 303 führen, was in Fig. 1 durch gestrichelte Linien angedeutet ist. Dabei ist allerdings darauf zu achten, dass die Holme 303 und nicht die Lenker 311 die Standfläche bilden. Um die Trittstufen 306 beim Spreizen der Schenkel 301, 302 oder beim Zusammenklappen der Leiter um die Achse 318 bzw. die zu ihr parallel liegenden Schwenkachsen der mittleren und untersten Trittstufe relativ zu den Holmen 303 zu verschwenken, damit sie in der Gebrauchsstellung und der Nichtgebrauchsstellung die in den Fig. 1 bzw. 2 gezeigte Lage einnehmen, ist auf jeder Seite der Leiter ein Schwenkhebel 315 vorgesehen. Ausserdem dienen diese beiden Schwenkhebel 315 dazu, die Spreizbarkeit der beiden Schenkel 301 und 302 auf den maximalen Spreizwinkel formschlüssig zu begrenzen. Die Schwenkhebel 315 sind, wie die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen, doppelarmige Hebel, deren beide verschieden langen Arme 315' und 315" einen stumpfen, in der Gebrauchsstellung der Leiter nach unten offenen Winkel einschliessen. Der Schenkel 301 liegt zwischen dem einen und dem anderen kürzeren Arm 315', und die beiden längeren Arme 315" greifen zwischen die Holme 304 des Schenkels 302 ein. Damit keine zusätzlichen Anlenkstellen für eine schwenkbare Verbindung des kürzeren Armes 315' mit dem Holm 303 und dem Lenker 311 erforderlich sind, sind im Ausführungsbeispiel die beiden Schwenkhebel 315 auf der die mittlere Trittstufe 306 mit den Holmen 303 verbindenden Schwenkachse gelagert, und für die Anlenkung des freien Endes ihres kürzeren Armes 315' an den Lenker ist der diesen mit der Trittstufe verbindende Zapfen 317 vorgesehen. Dieser Zapfen 317 ist, wie Fig.3 zeigt, an seinem einen Ende fest mit dem Lenker 315 verbunden. Er durchgreift im montierten Zustand miteinander fluchtende Bohrungen des Lenkers und der Lagerwange der mittleren Trittstufe.The links 311 only need to extend from the top to the bottom step 306. However, for aesthetic reasons, they can also be led to the lower end of the spars 303, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by dashed lines. However, it must be ensured that the bars 303 and not the handlebars 311 form the base. In order to pivot the steps 306 when spreading the legs 301, 302 or when folding the ladder about the axis 318 or the parallel pivoting axes of the middle and lowermost step relative to the spars 303, so that in the use position and the non-use position 1 or 2 take position shown, a pivot lever 315 is provided on each side of the ladder. In addition, these two pivot levers 315 serve to positively limit the spreadability of the two legs 301 and 302 to the maximum spread angle. 1 and 2, the swivel levers 315 are double-armed levers, the two arms 315 'and 315 "of different lengths enclosing an obtuse angle which is open at the bottom in the use position of the ladder. The leg 301 lies between one and the other another shorter arm 315 ', and the two longer arms 315 "engage between the bars 304 of the leg 302. So that no additional articulation points are required for a pivotable connection of the shorter arm 315 'to the spar 303 and the handlebar 311, in the exemplary embodiment the two pivot levers 315 are mounted on the pivot axis connecting the middle step 306 with the spars 303, and for the articulation of the The free end of its shorter arm 315 'on the handlebar is provided with the pin 317 connecting it to the step. As shown in FIG. 3, this pin 317 is firmly connected to the handlebar 315 at one end. When installed, it passes through holes in the handlebars and the bearing cheek of the middle step, which are aligned with one another.

Um das Drehmoment wählen zu können, das aufgebracht werden muss, um die beiden Schenkel 301 und 302 relativ zueinander zu verschwenken, was zweckmässig ist, um zu verhindern, dass die Leiter ungewollt zusammenklappt, ist das Reibungsmoment zwischen den beiden Schwenkhebeln 315 und den Holmen 303 einstellbar. Hierzu ist die Schwenkachse der mittleren Trittstufe 306 als durchgehender Stab 319 ausgebildet, der an seinen beiden Enden mit den Holmen 303 fest verbunden ist und je eine zentrale Sacklochbohrung mit Innengewinde aufweist. In dieses Innengewinde ist eine den Lagerbolzen für den Schwenkhebel 315 bildende Schraube 321 eingedreht, auf der, wie Fig.3 zeigt, ein am Schraubenkopf anliegender Federring 323 und zwei Beilagescheiben 325 angeordnet sind, die an der einen bzw. anderen Seite des Schwenkhebels 315 anliegen. Durch ein mehr oder weniger starkes Festziehen der Schraube 321 lässt sich das gewünschte Reibungsmoment zwischen dem Schwenkhebel 315 und dem Holm 303 einstellen.In order to be able to choose the torque that has to be applied in order to pivot the two legs 301 and 302 relative to one another, which is expedient in order to prevent the ladder from collapsing unintentionally, the frictional torque is between the two pivot levers 315 and the bars 303 adjustable. For this purpose, the pivot axis of the middle step 306 is designed as a continuous rod 319, which is firmly connected at both ends to the bars 303 and each has a central blind hole with an internal thread. A screw 321 forming the bearing pin for the swivel lever 315 is screwed into this internal thread, on which, as shown in FIG. 3, a spring ring 323 resting on the screw head and two washers 325 are arranged, which rest on one or the other side of the swivel lever 315 . By tightening the screw 321 to a greater or lesser extent, the desired frictional torque between the swivel lever 315 and the spar 303 can be set.

Am Ende des längeren Arms 315" jedes der beiden Schwenkhebel 315 ist fliegend eine Laufrolle 327 gelagert, die nach aussen vom Schwenkhebel absteht und in eine nach innen offene Führungsnut 304' des Hohlprofilstabes eingreift, aus dem die Holme 304 des Schenkels 302 hergestellt sind. Beim Aufklappen und Zusammenklappen der Leiter bewegen sich die Laufrollen 327 in den sich in Längsrichtung der Holme 304 erstreckenden Führungsnuten 304'. Es ist jedoch nicht erforderlich, die Verschiebbarkeit der Laufrollen in Nutlängsrichtung zum Zwecke einer Begrenzung des Spreizwinkels der Schenkel zu begrenzen, weil die beiden Schwenkhebel keine weitere Schwenkbewegung relativ zu den Holmen 303 ausführen können, wenn die Lenker 311 an ihnen anliegen. Der Spreizwinkel der Schenkel kann deshalb nicht über die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Grösse hinaus vergrössert werden, weil hierzu eine weitergehende Schwenkbewegung des Schwenkhebels 315 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn um die durch die Schraube 321 definierte Achse notwendig wäre.At the end of the longer arm 315 "of each of the two pivot levers 315, a roller 327 is cantilevered, which protrudes outward from the pivot lever and engages in an inwardly open guide groove 304 'of the hollow profile rod from which the bars 304 of the leg 302 are made Unfolding and collapsing the conductors, the rollers 327 move in the guide grooves 304 'which extend in the longitudinal direction of the bars 304. However, it is not necessary to limit the displaceability of the rollers in the longitudinal direction of the groove for the purpose of limiting the spreading angle of the legs because the two pivot levers no can perform further pivoting movement relative to the spars 303 when the handlebars 311 abut them. The spread angle of the legs cannot therefore be increased beyond the size shown in FIG. 1, because this would require a further pivoting movement of the pivot lever 315 counterclockwise around the axis defined by the screw 321.

Das in Fig. 4 dargestellte zweite Ausführungsbeispiel stimmt, wie ein Vergleich mit Fig. 1 zeigt, in wesentlichen Merkmalen mit dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel überein. Sich entsprechende Teile sind deshalb mit um 100 grösseren Bezugszahlen gekennzeichnet, und die folgende Erläuterung beschränkt sich auf die abweichenden Merkmale. Hinsichtlich der anderen Merkmale wird auf die Erläuterungen zu dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel bezug genommen.The second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 corresponds, as a comparison with FIG. 1 shows, in essential features to the first exemplary embodiment. Corresponding parts are therefore identified by reference numerals 100 larger, and the following explanation is limited to the different features. With regard to the other features, reference is made to the explanations relating to the first exemplary embodiment.

Die gleich ausgebildeten Trittstufen 406 sind alle so mit den Holmen 404 des Schenkels 401 sowie den Lenkern 411 verbunden, dass sie in der Gebrauchsstellung der Leiter den gleichen Überstand über die Lenker 411 haben. Allerdings könnten sie auch die in Fig. 1 dargestellte, versetzte Anordnung aufweisen, wie andererseits die Trittstufen 306 des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels alle einen gleich grossen Überstand über die Lenker 311 haben könnten. Da zur schwenkbaren Verbindung der Trittstufen 406 mit den Holmen 403 je eine sich vom einen zum anderen Holm erstreckende, stab- oder rohrförmige Achse vorgesehen ist, von denen diejenige, welche die oberste Trittstufe trägt, auch die Gelenkachse 418 der Bockleiter bildet, genügt es, die Trittstufen 406 mit den beiden Lenkern 411 sowie letztere mit je einem der beiden Schwenkhebel 415 mit Hilfe je eines Nietes gelenkig zu verbinden.The identically designed steps 406 are all connected to the bars 404 of the leg 401 and the handlebars 411 in such a way that they have the same projection over the handlebars 411 in the use position of the ladder. However, they could also have the staggered arrangement shown in FIG. 1, as on the other hand the treads 306 of the first exemplary embodiment could all have the same overhang over the handlebars 311. Since for the pivotable connection of the steps 406 to the spars 403, a rod-shaped or tubular axis extending from one spar to the other is provided, of which the one carrying the uppermost step also forms the articulated axis 418 of the fixed ladder, to connect the steps 406 with the two links 411 and the latter with one of the two pivot levers 415 with the help of a rivet.

Damit die Holme 404 des hinteren, kürzeren Schenkels 402 keine sich in ihrer Längsrichtung erstreckende Schlitzführung aufzuweisen brauchen, also auch für diese Holme ein einfaches Profil verwendet werden kann, ist jeder der beiden Schwenkhebel415, die wie bei dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel als doppelarmiger Hebel ausgebildet sind, dessen beide Arme 415' und 415" einen nach unten offenen, stumpfen Winkel bilden, am Ende des gegen den Schenkel 402 weisenden Endes mit dem einen Ende eines Zwischenhebels 426 gelenkig verbunden, dessen anderes Ende an der Innenseite des benachbarten Holms 404 angelenkt ist. Diese Anlenkstelle ist so gewählt, dass der Arm 415" und der Zwischenhebel 426 einen stumpfen, nach oben offenen Winkel bilden, wenn die beiden Schenkel 401 und 402 auf den maximalen Winkel gespreizt sind. Dann bewirkt nämlich ein Zusammenklappen der Leiter, dass die Schwenkhebel 415 im Uhrzeigersinn bei einer Blickrichtung gemäss Fig. 4 geschwenkt werden, wie dies auch bei den Schwenkhebeln 315 des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der Fall ist. Die Trittstufen 406, welche, abweichend von dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss den Fig. 1 bis 3 eine zu ihrer Vorderkante hin abnehmende Höhe haben, schwenken dann ebenfalls in die in Fig. 2 für das erste Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellte Lage, stehen also nicht über die hinteren Holme 404 und die Lenker411 über.So that the spars 404 of the rear, shorter leg 402 need not have a slot guide extending in their longitudinal direction, that is, a simple profile can also be used for these spars, each of the two pivot levers 415, which, as in the second exemplary embodiment, are designed as a double-armed lever, the two arms 415 'and 415 "of which form an obtuse angle which is open at the bottom and are articulated at the end of the end pointing towards the leg 402 to the one end of an intermediate lever 426, the other end of which is articulated on the inside of the adjacent spar 404. This The articulation point is selected such that the arm 415 "and the intermediate lever 426 form an obtuse angle which is open at the top when the two legs 401 and 402 are spread to the maximum angle. Then, when the ladder collapses, the pivot levers 415 are pivoted clockwise in a viewing direction according to FIG. 4, as is also the case with the pivot levers 315 of the first exemplary embodiment. Steps 406, which, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, have a decreasing height toward their front edge, then likewise pivot into the position shown in FIG. 2 for the first exemplary embodiment, and are therefore not above rear spars 404 and the handlebars 411 over.

Ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Bockleiter zeigt Fig. 5. Von den bereits beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen unterscheidet sich dieses Ausführungsbeispiel zum einen dadurch, dass die den hinteren Schenkel 502 bildenden Holme 504 über die Verbindungsstelle mit den Holmen 503 des vorderen Schenkels 501 hinaus verlängert sind. Diese Verlängerungen bilden einen Griff, an dem sich der Benutzer der Leiter festhalten kann. Das obere Ende der Verlängerungen ist deshalb durch einen Quersteg verbunden. Selbstverständlich könnte an den Verlängerungen aber auch ein Tablett befestigt sein.FIG. 5 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the fixed ladder according to the invention. This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiments already described in that the bars 504 forming the rear leg 502 are extended beyond the connection point with the bars 503 of the front leg 501. These extensions form a handle that the user can hold onto the ladder. The upper end of the extensions is therefore connected by a cross bar. Of course, a tray could also be attached to the extensions.

Die Ausbildung der Trittstufen, ihre Verbindung mit den Holmen 503 und den Lenkern 511 sowie die Neigungslage des vorderen Schenkels 501 bei maximaler Spreizung und die Höhendifferenz zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Trittstufen sowie die Tiefe oder Auftrittsbreite der Trittstufen ist wie beiden zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen gewählt, weshalb insoweit auf die Ausführungen zu diesen Ausführungsbeispielen verwiesen wird. Grundsätzlich gleich wie bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Fig. 4 ist auch die Verbindung der beiden Schenkel 501 und 502 mittels je eines Schwenkhebels 515 auf jeder Leiterseite. Die beiden gleich ausgebildeten Schwenkhebel 515 sind doppelarmige Hebel, welche schwenkbar auf einer der Achsen 521 gelagert sind, welche die Trittstufen 506 schwenkbar mit den Holmen 503 verbinden. Der eine Arm des Schwenkhebels 515 erstreckt sich von dieser Lagerstelle aus zu der Gelenkstelle, welche die zugehörige Trittstufe gelenkig mit dem Lenker 511 verbindet. Der andere Arm ist, um keine Schlitz-Zapfen-Führung zu benötigen, in zwei gelenkig miteinander verbundene Abschnitte unterteilt und mit seinem entfernt liegenden Ende am Holm 504 des hinteren Schenkels 502 angelenkt. Es wäre aber selbstverständlich ebenfalls möglich, dieses Arm starr auszubilden und an seinem entfernten Ende einen Zapfen vorzusehen, der in eine Führungsnut des Holms 504 eingreift.The design of the treads, their connection with the bars 503 and the handlebars 511 and the inclination of the front leg 501 with maximum spread and the height difference between two successive treads as well as the depth or tread width of the treads is chosen as in the two previously described exemplary embodiments, which is why the explanations regarding these exemplary embodiments are referred to. The connection of the two legs 501 and 502 by means of a pivot lever 515 on each conductor side is basically the same as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4. The two pivot levers 515 of the same design are double-armed levers which are pivotally mounted on one of the axles 521 and which pivotally connect the steps 506 to the bars 503. One arm of the pivot lever 515 extends from this bearing point to the articulation point which connects the associated step to the handlebar 511 in an articulated manner. In order not to require a slot-and-pin guide, the other arm is divided into two sections which are connected to one another in an articulated manner and articulated with its distal end on the bar 504 of the rear leg 502. However, it would of course also be possible to design this arm rigidly and to provide a pin at its distal end which engages in a guide groove of the spar 504.

Claims (13)

1. Step ladder in which at least one of the two legs (301, 302; 401, 402) which are connected at their upper end to pivot about an axis (318; 418) has cross pieces forming tread surfaces carried by stringers (303; 403) and arraned at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the stringers, which cross pieces consist of steps in the form of platforms (306; 406; 506) which lie in horizontal planes when the legs are maximally spread apart and the ladder stands on a horizontal surface and which are connected to the stringers and to links (311; 411; 511) so as to be pivotable about parallel axes (316; 318), which links (311; 411; 511) lie in the plane of pivoting of the stringers (311; 411; 511;) and limit the range of pivoting of the steps in one direction, the steps projecting over the side of the stringers remote from the other leg so that when a person steps on the ladder, a torque is produced bringing the links closer to the stringers, and when the legs (301, 302; 401, 402) are maximally spread apart, the links are so placed that the portions thereof adjacent to the stringers (303; 403; 503) lie with their full length in contact with said stringers, characterized in that the width of tread of the steps and the difference in height between two successive steps lie within the conventional range for fixed steps and the quotient of difference in height to width of tread is in the range of about 0.44 to 0.77, in that when the legs are folded up, the steps are rocked into a position in which they do not project laterally over the stringers and links and their tread surfaces lie in one plane, and in that at least on one of the two stringers (303; 403; 503) carrying the steps (306; 406; 506) a double armed rocking lever (315; 415; 515) is pivotally mounted about an axis parallel to the pivotal axis (318; 418) of the legs, one arm (315'; 415') being pivoted to the link (311; 411; 511) associated with the stringer while the other arm (315"; 415") is in connection with that stringer (304; 404; 504) of the other leg (302; 402; 502) which is situated on the same side of the ladder.
2. Ladder according to Claim 1, characterized in that the links (311; 411; 511) are arranged in front of the front surface of the stringers (303; 403; 503) remote from the other leg (302; 402; 502).
3. Ladder according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the links (311; 411; 511) end at some distance before the lower end of the stringers (303; 403; 503), preferably at the lowest step (306; 406; 506).
4. Ladder according to one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the amount by which the steps (306) project over the front of the stringers (303) carrying them increases from the uppermost to the lowest step.
5. Ladder according to one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the amount by which at least the lowest step (306; 406; 506) projects over the front of the stringers (303; 403; 503) carrying it is at least equal to half the depth of the step.
6. Ladder according to one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, when the legs (301, 302; 401, 402) are maximally spread apart, the stringers (303; 403) and the links (311; 411) extend at the most up to the plane defined by the tread surface of the uppermost step (306; 406).
7. Ladder according to one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stringers (504) of one of the two legs (504) have each an extension beyond the uppermost step (506).
8. Ladder according to Claim 7, characterized in that the extension is made in one piece with the stringers (504).
9. Ladder according to one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, when the legs are maximally spread apart, the stringers (303; 403) are links (311; 411) carrying the steps (306; 406) are placed with their upper end section between the stringers (304; 404) of the other leg (302; 402), and when the two legs are in the parallel position, the said stringers (303; 403) and links (311; 411) are placed with their whole length between the stringers (304; 404) of the other leg (302; 402).
10. Ladder according to one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rocking lever (315) engages in a slot guide (304') in the other leg (302) by means of an engaging piece (327).
11. Ladder according to Claim 10, characterized in that the rocking lever (415; 515) is pivotally connected to one end of a connecting lever (426) whose other end is pivoted to the stringer (404; 504) of the other leg (402; 502).
12. Ladder according to Claim 11, characterized in that the rocking lever (315; 415; 515) is mounted on one of the pivot pins connecting the steps (306; 406; 506) to the stringers (303; 403; 503) and in that that arm of the rocking lever which is pivoted to the link (311; 411; 511) is pivotally connected to the link (311; 411; 511) by means of the pin (316) connecting said step to the link.
13. Ladder according to Claim 12, characterized in that at least one of the two connections of the rocking lever (315) to the link (311) or the stringer (303) has an adjustable moment of friction.
EP81100404A 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 Double ladder Expired EP0033475B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81100404T ATE5493T1 (en) 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 GOLF LADDER.

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803003854 DE3003854A1 (en) 1980-02-02 1980-02-02 Step-ladder providing compact storage - has pivoting steps which are horizontal in working position but vertical when not in use
DE3003854 1980-02-02
DE19808002726 DE8002726U1 (en) 1980-02-02 1980-02-02 BOCK LADDER
DE3019345 1980-05-21
DE19808013669 DE8013669U1 (en) 1980-05-21 1980-05-21 BOCK LADDER
DE19803019345 DE3019345A1 (en) 1980-05-21 1980-05-21 Step-ladder providing compact storage - has pivoting steps which are horizontal in working position but vertical when not in use
DE19808025544 DE8025544U1 (en) 1980-09-24 1980-09-24 BOCK LADDER
DE3035955 1980-09-24
DE19803035955 DE3035955C2 (en) 1980-09-24 1980-09-24 Stepladder

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033475A1 EP0033475A1 (en) 1981-08-12
EP0033475B1 EP0033475B1 (en) 1983-11-30
EP0033475B2 true EP0033475B2 (en) 1989-05-03

Family

ID=35311348

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81100404A Expired EP0033475B2 (en) 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 Double ladder

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4421206A (en)
EP (1) EP0033475B2 (en)
JP (1) JPS6337237B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1138392A (en)
WO (1) WO1981002322A1 (en)

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DE8025544U1 (en) * 1980-09-24 1982-08-12 Kümmerlin, Walter, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen BOCK LADDER
US4648593A (en) * 1981-02-17 1987-03-10 Wilkinson William T Device for simulation of climbing
US4502564A (en) * 1982-04-06 1985-03-05 Kuemmerlin Walter Stepladder
US4539781A (en) * 1983-10-04 1985-09-10 Mccoy Leon A Device for transporting loads between various elevations
US4959935A (en) * 1989-09-25 1990-10-02 Stob H Richard Adjustable stairway
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US6256946B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2001-07-10 Jack Kennedy Metal Products And Buildings, Inc. Adjustable stairway for use with an overcast in a mine
US6527081B1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2003-03-04 Aluminum Ladder Company, Embankment stairway
TWI268133B (en) * 2004-12-29 2006-12-01 Giga Byte Tech Co Ltd Adjustable base
US20090211845A1 (en) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Patrick Hoffman Lockable folding stairs
US8701831B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2014-04-22 Wing Enterprises, Inc. Stepladders and related methods
US8485316B2 (en) * 2009-04-03 2013-07-16 Lock N Climb, Llc Collapsible safe ladder
US20110017548A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2011-01-27 Jeffrey Green Collapsible safe ladder
USD665927S1 (en) * 2011-09-06 2012-08-21 Core Distribution, Inc. Metal and wood step ladder
USD745191S1 (en) 2014-05-27 2015-12-08 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder
CN104120969B (en) * 2014-07-09 2016-04-13 苏州万图明电子软件有限公司 A kind of foldable cat ladder
JP6462268B2 (en) * 2014-08-11 2019-01-30 アルインコ株式会社 Stepladder platform
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BE840773R (en) * 1975-05-26 1976-08-02 FOLDING METAL LADDER FORMING TRAY

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6337237B2 (en) 1988-07-25
EP0033475B1 (en) 1983-11-30
US4421206A (en) 1983-12-20
JPS57500032A (en) 1982-01-07
WO1981002322A1 (en) 1981-08-20
EP0033475A1 (en) 1981-08-12
CA1138392A (en) 1982-12-28

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