EP0010237B1 - Dispositif combiné de mouillage et d'encrage pour une machine à imprimer offset et procédé pour encrer et mouiller un cliché d'impression offset - Google Patents
Dispositif combiné de mouillage et d'encrage pour une machine à imprimer offset et procédé pour encrer et mouiller un cliché d'impression offset Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0010237B1 EP0010237B1 EP79103817A EP79103817A EP0010237B1 EP 0010237 B1 EP0010237 B1 EP 0010237B1 EP 79103817 A EP79103817 A EP 79103817A EP 79103817 A EP79103817 A EP 79103817A EP 0010237 B1 EP0010237 B1 EP 0010237B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roll
- dampening
- inking
- roller
- fountain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F7/00—Rotary lithographic machines
- B41F7/20—Details
- B41F7/24—Damping devices
- B41F7/36—Inking-rollers serving also to apply ink repellants
Definitions
- the invention relates to a combined dampening inking unit for offset printing units, with inking rollers which can be set on the plate cylinder, of which the first inking roller, viewed in the direction of rotation of the plate cylinder, is adjustably mounted independently of the other application rollers for inking unit and plate cylinder pre-moistening, a dampening roller which is connected to the first inking roller can be brought into contact, and a metering roller which interacts with an immersion roller and which supplies the dampening liquid to the dampening roller.
- the ink film of an inking unit in offset printing units is known to absorb a certain amount of dampening solution via the plate.
- the absorption of dampening solution depends on the nature of the ink and lasts until a color-dampening solution equilibrium is established in the inking unit. During the longer period of dampening solution absorption, the coloring, i.e. the delivery of ink to the plate, changes constantly.
- the object of the invention is to ensure a quick establishment of the ink moisture balance before the start of printing and the constant full operational readiness of the offset printing machine during printing interruptions, so that a minimal amount of waste is recorded. Furthermore, a better and more stable ink-moisture balance is to be achieved during the printing process.
- the first applicator roller bears against the plate cylinder, friction roller and intermediate roller.
- the first applicator roller can be applied to the dampening and intermediate rollers at the same time. If the plate is to be pre-moistened, the application roller is in contact with the dampening roller and the plate cylinder. If one finally wants to keep the inking and dampening unit parts ready for operation separately during longer printing interruptions, the contact of the first application roller with the dampening roller can also be interrupted when the application rollers are switched off, contact with the inking unit being established via the intermediate roller.
- the oleophilic intermediate roller for example a plastic-covered steel roller, also causes the first applicator roller not only to transfer dampening liquid, but also some ink to the plate. When viewed in the direction of rotation of the plate cylinder, it increases from each subsequent application roller. The transferred amount of color increases, while the share of dampening fluid decreases.
- the constant balancing of dampening solution and ink via the intermediate roller as well as the application of ink and dampening solution in the above-described graded manner mean that the ink lies better on the paper, ie the print appears more brilliant.
- the constant flow of dampening solution and ink over the intermediate roller makes the dampening insensitive to the influence of the plate cylinder channel and to the division of printing and non-printing areas given for a specific print job.
- the ink-water emulsion is then insufficiently exchanged. if there is only a few cm 2 of printing area on a plate surface of 1 M2. So-called ink build-up on the first rollers is also favored.
- the dipping roller is arranged in a stationary manner and is driven at a variable speed via a separate drive, the metering roller likewise being driven by the drive of the dipping roller, but can be uncoupled from it and arranged to be detachable from the dipping roller , and wherein the metering roller is counter to the dampening roller in the setting zone.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by such a choice of the transmission ratio of the metering and immersion roller which is in frictional engagement, relative to the transmission ratio of the gear drive of the metering roller derived from the journal of the immersion roller, that the peripheral speed of the metering roller is slightly greater than that of the immersion roller .
- This causes the driving flanks of the gear drive of the metering roller to be in constant contact.
- the slippage that occurs between the dipping roller and the metering roller advantageously cleans the jacket of the dipping roller.
- the intermediate roller that works with both the first and the second applicator roller is arranged such that it can be traversed. Traversing prevents ink build-up on the first application roller and stenciling by the application rollers.
- All of the embodiments of the invention described above can work according to a method for quickly adjusting the ink-moisture balance and for balanced inking and moistening of an offset printing plate during production, which has the method steps indicated in claim 8.
- An offset printing machine put into operation and operated according to this process produces practically no waste.
- the method according to the invention can be advantageously modified in that the first application roller remains in contact with the plate when the pressure is briefly interrupted, while the other application rollers are stopped and the intermediate roller is lifted off the first application roller, and by switching the machine to continuous printing the working method in the Level overwetting the plate.
- Another preferred development of the method according to the invention provides that in the event of a prolonged interruption in printing, the first applicator roller is turned off both by the plate and by the dampening roller and placed on the intermediate roller and that after the machine has been switched to continuous printing, the working method in the pre-moistening stage of the inking unit begins.
- the arrangement according to the invention of the combined dampening inking unit also allows the rollers, including even the metering roller, to be washed without the plate being wetted.
- the dipping roller is excluded from the washing process.
- the individual steps of the washing process according to the invention consist in lifting the metering roller from the immersion roller when washing the combined dampening inking unit, the metering roller drive gearwheel being separated from the immersion roller drive and the position of the other rollers corresponding to that of the pre-wetting of the combined dampening inking unit.
- the washing process can only be initiated if the metering roller drive gear is separated from the dip roller drive.
- the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 9 of a combined dampening inking unit according to the invention has five applicator rollers 1 to 5, which can be placed on and can be removed from the plate cylinder 6.
- the first application roller 1 seen in the direction of rotation of the plate cylinder 6 is connected to the next application roller 2 via an intermediate roller 7.
- the application rollers 2 and 3 are in contact with an inking roller 8 and the last two application rollers 4 and 5 with an inking roller 8 '.
- the inking train is provided with other rollers, not shown, in a known manner.
- the first applicator roller 1 is supplied with dampening solution by means of the dipping roller 9 via the metering roller 10 and the inking roller 11 which works together with the applicator roller 1.
- the dipping roller 9 is immersed in the dampening solution 12 of the dampening solution box 13.
- a storage roller 14, shown in dashed lines, can also work together with the dampening roller 11, but is only provided for certain printing work.
- the five application rollers 1 to 5 have a colorful, elastic surface.
- the outer surface of the intermediate roller 7 is also oleophilic. For example, it can consist of Rilsan.
- the lateral surface of the two inking rollers 8 and 8 ' is designed in the same way.
- the dampening roller 11 has an electrolytically roughened chrome surface, whereas the metering roller 10 has a rubber jacket.
- the outer surface of the dipping roller 9 in turn consists of an electrolytically roughened chrome layer.
- the storage roller 14 whether in an alcohol or in a normal dampening unit, it is either provided with a rubber jacket or with a textile cover.
- the storage and setting means of all rollers correspond to the designs generally known in printing technology.
- the three friction rollers 8, 8 'and 11 are positively driven, the five application rollers 1 to 5 and the wiping roller 7, however, only by means of friction.
- the dipping roller 9 can be driven directly by a separate motor 15 with a peripheral speed that is variable in relation to the peripheral speed of the plate cylinder 6.
- a spur gear 17 is provided on one of the two journals 16 of the plunging roller 9, which meshes with a further spur gear 18, which is located on one of the journals 19 of the metering roller 10.
- the metering roller 10 is thus driven practically at the same peripheral speed as the dipping roller 9.
- the transmission ratio of the metering and immersion roller, which is in frictional engagement, relative to the transmission ratio of the gear drive 17, 18 of the metering roller 10 derived from the journal 16 of the immersion roller 9 is selected such that the peripheral speed of the metering roller 10 is slightly greater than that of the immersion roller 9. This ensures that the driving flanks of the spur gear 17 always rest on the tooth flanks of the driven spur gear 18 on the journal 19 of the metering roller 10.
- the dipping roller 9 is mounted stationary.
- the metering roller 10, on the other hand, is arranged such that it can be set at a distance from the dipping roller. Furthermore, by adjusting the metering roller 10, the gap or the contact pressure in the setting zone between the dampening roller 11 and the metering roller 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the latter roller.
- Applicator roller 1 is arranged so that it can pivot about the axis of rotation of the dampening roller 11 via the bearing bracket 20.
- the pivoting causes a switching cam 21, which is actuated by a step circuit, not shown, and which cooperates with a switching lug 22 of the bracket 20.
- Adjustable compression springs 23 exert such a force on the bearing bracket 20 that the switching lug 22 is always pressed in the direction of the switching cam 21.
- the application roller 1 is mounted eccentrically in the bearing brackets 20, such that the outer surface of the application roller 1 is separated from the outer surface of the dampening roller 11 about the gap 25 by pivoting a roller lever 24.
- the lifting of the applicator roller 1 from the dampening roller 11 causes a roller 26 which is located on the roller lever 24 and which has fallen into a recess 27 of a control cam 28 in this switching position.
- the control cam 28 is mounted coaxially to the dampening roller 11 and pivotably with the bearing brackets 20.
- the intermediate roller 7 and the application roller 2 are rotatable on common bearing brackets 29 and adjustable. They are arranged to be pivotable about the axis of rotation of the inking roller 8.
- An adjusting lug 30, which is firmly connected to the bearing brackets 29, is pressed by a compression spring 31 against a switching cam 32.
- the application roller 2 can be lifted around the gap 33 from the plate cylinder.
- the intermediate roller is also pivoted through the same angle.
- the intermediate roller 7 is supported in the mounting brackets 29 by means of the compression springs 34, so that it can adjust itself to the individual positions of the two adjacent application rollers 1 and 2.
- the application roller 1 is raised from the outer surface of the plate cylinder 6 by actuating the switching cam 21 by the gap 35.
- the roller position according to FIG. 2 corresponds to the first switching stage.
- the main switch is turned on.
- the power supply of all operating points is ensured.
- the dampening medium circulation has started operation.
- the motor 15 drives the immersion roller 9 and the metering roller 10 at an increased speed, for example at 200 revolutions / min.
- the main engine is not yet switched on. Therefore, the plate cylinder and all other rollers of the combined dampening ink unit are still still.
- the dampening of the dampening unit part consisting of immersion roller 9 and metering roller 10 is thus carried out.
- the dipping roller speed is reduced to 10 revolutions / min. The dampening unit is ready for use.
- the main motor is started automatically after the start-up warning signal.
- the plate cylinder 6 and the illustrated rollers 11, 1, 7, 2 and 8 as well as the other rollers (not shown) of the combined dampening inking unit begin to rotate.
- the direction of rotation of the friction roller 11 is such that it is opposite to the direction of rotation of the metering roller 10 in the setting zone.
- a tap-changer, not shown, has pivoted the bearing bracket 20 slightly further clockwise over the switching cam 21 and the switching lug 22.
- the roller 26 has come out of the recess 27 of the control cam 28 and has applied the applicator roller 1 to the dampening roller 11.
- the inking unit In this switching position of all rollers, the inking unit is pre-moistened. During an adjustable period of 0 to 5 seconds, a fountain solution stream flows from the immersion roller 9 via the intermediate roller 10, the dampening roller 11, the application roller 1 and the intermediate roller 7 into the inking unit part of the combined dampening inking unit. At the same time, some ink passes from the inking unit part to the first applicator roller 1 via the intermediate roller 7.
- the pre-moistening continues until the inking unit train of the combined dampening inking unit is saturated with dampening liquid, i.e. until ink and dampening solution have reached a state of equilibrium that also prevails during printing.
- the first applicator roller has the greatest distance from the surface of the plate cylinder. This distance is indicated by the gap 36.
- the other application rollers 2 to 5 have not changed their position.
- the applicator roller 1 separates from the intermediate roller 7 around the gap 37.
- the applicator roller 1 remains in contact with the dampening roller 11 .
- the rotating immersion roller 9 and metering roller 10 at low speed, for example 10 revolutions / min, feed the dampening roller 11 and thus also the application roller 1 with small amounts of dampening solution, which are applied to the plate of the plate cylinder 6. In this switching stage, the. Plate pre-moistened and already gets some color.
- the «Print On» button can be pressed.
- another step circuit ensures the sequence of the next switching steps. For the time being, as shown in FIG. 5, the position of all the rollers remains unchanged. Thus, only application roller 1 is turned on, while the other application rollers 2 to 5 are still turned off. The speed. of dip roller 9 and metering roller 10 is increased again for an adjustable period of time, for example 0 to 5 seconds, e.g. to 200 revolutions / min, so that a larger amount of dampening solution is added to the plate for a short time. This switching stage is therefore called «over-dampening of the plate.
- the speed of the dipping roller 9 and metering roller 10 is reduced again and the speed of rotation is adapted to the machine speed.
- the automatic tap changer now ensures the automatic regulation of the speed of the motor 15 and the switching on of the other application rollers 2 to 5, as can be seen from FIG. Since both the inking unit part of the combined dampening inking unit and the plate have been pre-moistened to the state in which they are during printing, there is no waste during the paper run synchronized with the application rollers being turned on.
- the offset printing unit is fully operational. There is no change in color.
- the arrangement of the rollers namely the Kon Cycle of the first applicator roller with the dampening roller 11 and the intermediate roller 7 causes the first applicator roller 1 primarily dampening solution 12 but also to a lesser extent to apply ink to the plate, while the next applicator rollers 2 to 5, depending on their distance from the first applicator roller , less dampening solution, but the more ink on the plate.
- the bridging intermediate roller 7 now ensures that this ratio of the graded application of ink and fountain solution is maintained, so that, as tests have shown, the ink lies outstandingly, ie a brilliant pressure is obtained.
- the speed of the motor 15 and thus the immersion roller 9 and the metering roller 10 is briefly regulated down to a minimum speed of 10 revolutions / min, for example . This regulation takes place automatically. This ensures that the ink / fountain solution balance is always maintained.
- the special mounting of the metering roller 10 is shown in FIG.
- the said roller can be adjusted both in the direction of the dipping roller 9 and in the direction of the dampening roller 11.
- the axle journals 19 of the metering roller 10 rest on pivotable and adjustable links 40 which are under the pressure of a spring 41 and which each place the axle journals 19 against two set screws 42 and 43. These set screws 42 and 43 are arranged approximately at an angle of 90 ° to one another.
- By actuating the set screw 42 the gap or contact pressure in the setting zone between the dampening roller 11 and the metering roller 10 is set.
- An adjustment of the adjusting screw 43 changes the contact pressure between the immersion roller 9 and the metering roller 10.
- the axle journals 19 of the metering roller 16 are provided with an adjusting surface 44.
- the footprint 44 can come into contact with the set screw 43.
- the metering roller 10 is lifted off the dipping roller 9 by means of the force of the compression spring 41.
- the adjustment of the desired or required damp layer is made very easy, since the outer surface part of the metering roller 10 which follows the squeezing gap between the immersion roller 9 and the metering roller 10 can be seen well from above.
- the application rollers 2, 3, 4 and 5 are automatically lifted, as shown in FIG. 7 in part. For the sake of simplicity, application rollers 3 to 5 are no longer shown.
- the intermediate roller 7 is also lifted off the first applicator roller 1. This stops the supply of paint.
- the first applicator roller 1 remains on the plate cylinder.
- the operator can press the push button and the start-up process of the machine starts at the stage “over-moistening the pressure plate, ie the speed of the dipping roller 9 and the metering roller 10 is increased by Drive from motor 15 briefly increased again to about 200 revolutions / min, so that the plate is initially briefly over-moistened, whereupon, as already described above, the dipping and metering roller speed are regulated down to the machine speed and the other application rollers are started synchronously with the paper run are, of course, the intermediate roller 7 is brought back into contact with the first applicator roller 1.
- the operator wants to start the machine again at the end of the long interruption, he only needs to press the push button and the step switches mentioned ensure that the entire start-up procedure is carried out automatically, that is, it is started first the dampening unit part, then the inking unit part and then the plate pre-moistened and finally the plate is briefly over-moistened before the other applicator rollers are switched on. This ensures that when starting up normally after a long standstill of the machine as well as after shorter and longer interruptions in production, the machine is fully printable when the paper run is inserted and works practically without waste.
- the switching stage «pre-dampening inking unit For washing the combined ink dampening unit, as shown in Figure 9, the switching stage «pre-dampening inking unit must be set.
- the journal 19 of the measuring roller 10 must be rotated by hand in such a way that the positioning surface 44 faces the adjusting screw 43, as a result of which the metering roller 10 is lifted from the immersion roller 9 by the gap 45.
- the spur gear 17 fastened to the journal 16 and the spur gear 18 attached to the journal 19 also come out of engagement.
- the motor 15 now drives the immersion roller 9 at a low speed, for example 10 revolutions / min.
- the metering roller 10 on the other hand, is set somewhat more strongly against the dampening roller 11 by a special position of the adjusting screw 42.
- This particular position of the adjusting screw 42 is that its axis of symmetry does not coincide with the connecting line between the axis of rotation of the metering roller 10 and the axis of rotation of the dampening roller 11 in both normal operating positions, but deviates slightly therefrom, so that when the metering roller 10 is switched off from the immersion roller 9 a greater pressure is generated in the setting zone between metering roller 10 and dampening roller 11.
- the roughness of the chrome surface of the dampening roller 11 is sufficient to drive both the metering roller 10 and the applicator roller 1 with intermediate roller 7 during the washing process which is now starting. It must be mentioned that the washing process can only be started when a rotary switch (not shown) is actuated by rotating the axle pins 19 into the position shown in FIG. Since, as tests have shown, in spite of the hydrophilic character of the surface of the dampening roller 11 with the dampening solution film flowing back in the direction of the dampening solution box 13, ink particles reach the outer surface of the oleophilic metering roller 10 and are deposited there, washing of the metering roller 10 with all other rollers is necessary with the exception of the dip roller extremely advantageous.
- a dampening unit part according to the invention is therefore insensitive to setting errors of the rollers 10, 11.
- Modifications of the illustrated embodiment of the invention are also conceivable.
- the number of application rollers can be varied depending on the requirements.
- the diameter of the intermediate roller can be made equal to or larger than that of the adjacent application rollers. This enables the drive means to be designed. the intermediate roller for realizing a large friction stroke.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Rotary Presses (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT79103817T ATE1573T1 (de) | 1978-10-21 | 1979-10-05 | Kombiniertes feucht-farbwerk fuer offsetdruckwerke und verfahren zum einfaerben und einfeuchten einer offsettdruckplatte. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19782845932 DE2845932A1 (de) | 1978-10-21 | 1978-10-21 | Kombiniertes feucht-farbwerk fuer offsetdruckwerke |
DE2845932 | 1978-10-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0010237A1 EP0010237A1 (fr) | 1980-04-30 |
EP0010237B1 true EP0010237B1 (fr) | 1982-09-22 |
Family
ID=6052795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79103817A Expired EP0010237B1 (fr) | 1978-10-21 | 1979-10-05 | Dispositif combiné de mouillage et d'encrage pour une machine à imprimer offset et procédé pour encrer et mouiller un cliché d'impression offset |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4351236A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0010237B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5557464A (fr) |
AR (1) | AR221904A1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE1573T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU5195779A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR7906755A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1128811A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE2845932A1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK436579A (fr) |
ES (2) | ES485058A1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO793370L (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA795393B (fr) |
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DE19541418A1 (de) * | 1995-11-07 | 1997-05-15 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Offsetdruckmaschine |
US6347585B1 (en) * | 1998-08-04 | 2002-02-19 | Goss Graphic Systems, Inc. | Variable gap stabilizer |
US6336403B1 (en) | 2000-04-05 | 2002-01-08 | Townsend Industries, Inc. | Dampening system for printing machines |
DE10225244B4 (de) * | 2002-06-07 | 2016-02-04 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Verfahren zum Anfahren des Fortdrucks nach einer Druckunterbrechung |
DE102004021328B4 (de) * | 2003-05-28 | 2014-01-30 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Druckmaschine |
JP4276010B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-24 | 2009-06-10 | 株式会社小森コーポレーション | 印刷機における駆動装置 |
DE102004047168A1 (de) | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-06 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Druckeinheit einer Druckmaschine |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3146706A (en) * | 1960-11-04 | 1964-09-01 | Dick Co Ab | Dampening system for lithographic printing presses |
US3259062A (en) * | 1964-11-30 | 1966-07-05 | Harold P Dahlgren | Process for applying a water-soluble organic dampening fluid |
US3673959A (en) * | 1970-04-22 | 1972-07-04 | North American Rockwell | Dampening system for lithographic printing press |
FR2102697A5 (fr) * | 1970-08-17 | 1972-04-07 | Etudes De Machines Speciales | |
US3769909A (en) * | 1971-03-10 | 1973-11-06 | Rockwell International Corp | Wet nip dampener |
US3911815A (en) * | 1972-05-02 | 1975-10-14 | Roland Offsetmaschf | Mechanism for dampening the printing plate of an offset printing press |
US3842735A (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-10-22 | Harris Intertype Corp | Lithographic printing apparatus and wash-up device |
US3926116A (en) * | 1974-07-01 | 1975-12-16 | Webcrafters Inc | Dampening apparatus for offset printing press |
-
1978
- 1978-10-21 DE DE19782845932 patent/DE2845932A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1979
- 1979-10-05 AT AT79103817T patent/ATE1573T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-05 EP EP79103817A patent/EP0010237B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1979-10-05 DE DE7979103817T patent/DE2963741D1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-10-09 ZA ZA00795393A patent/ZA795393B/xx unknown
- 1979-10-12 AR AR278481A patent/AR221904A1/es active
- 1979-10-16 ES ES485058A patent/ES485058A1/es not_active Expired
- 1979-10-16 DK DK436579A patent/DK436579A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-10-16 ES ES485057A patent/ES485057A1/es not_active Expired
- 1979-10-18 US US06/086,139 patent/US4351236A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-10-19 AU AU51957/79A patent/AU5195779A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1979-10-19 CA CA338,018A patent/CA1128811A/fr not_active Expired
- 1979-10-19 NO NO793370A patent/NO793370L/no unknown
- 1979-10-19 BR BR7906755A patent/BR7906755A/pt unknown
- 1979-10-22 JP JP13630779A patent/JPS5557464A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5195779A (en) | 1980-04-24 |
JPS5557464A (en) | 1980-04-28 |
BR7906755A (pt) | 1980-06-17 |
ZA795393B (en) | 1980-09-24 |
EP0010237A1 (fr) | 1980-04-30 |
DE2963741D1 (en) | 1982-11-04 |
AR221904A1 (es) | 1981-03-31 |
DE2845932A1 (de) | 1980-04-24 |
NO793370L (no) | 1980-04-22 |
US4351236A (en) | 1982-09-28 |
CA1128811A (fr) | 1982-08-03 |
DK436579A (da) | 1980-04-22 |
ES485057A1 (es) | 1980-05-16 |
ATE1573T1 (de) | 1982-10-15 |
ES485058A1 (es) | 1980-05-16 |
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