CN1680371A - 用于制备具有治疗作用的莨菪烷衍生物的中间体 - Google Patents
用于制备具有治疗作用的莨菪烷衍生物的中间体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1680371A CN1680371A CNA2005100068151A CN200510006815A CN1680371A CN 1680371 A CN1680371 A CN 1680371A CN A2005100068151 A CNA2005100068151 A CN A2005100068151A CN 200510006815 A CN200510006815 A CN 200510006815A CN 1680371 A CN1680371 A CN 1680371A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)化合物、其可药用盐和溶剂化物,其中R1是任选被一个或多个氟原子取代的 C3-6环烷基、或任选被一个或多个氟原子取代的C1-6烷基、或任选在环上被一个或多个氟原子取代的C3-6环烷基甲基;且R2是任选被一个或多个氟原子取代的苯基,其制备方法,用于其制备的中间体,含有所述化合物的组合物,以及所述化合物的应用。
Description
本申请是申请日为2001年5月9日、申请号为01808828.7(国际申请号:PCT/IB01/00806)的中国发明专利申的分案申请。
本发明涉及用于治疗多种病症,包括其中涉及CCR5受体调节的病症的莨菪烷(tropane)衍生物。更具体来说本发明涉及3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷衍生物,其制备方法,用于其制备的中间体,含有所述衍生物的组合物,以及所述衍生物的应用。可通过本发明衍生物治疗或预防的病症包括HIV和基因相关逆转录病毒感染(以及所导致的获得性免疫缺陷综合征,AIDS)、和炎性疾病。
本发明化合物是趋化因子CCR5受体活性的调节剂,尤其是拮抗剂。CCR5受体的调节剂可用于治疗多种炎性疾病和病症,以及用于治疗HIV-1和基因相关逆转录病毒的感染。名称“趋化因子”是“趋化性细胞因子”的缩写形式。趋化因子包括一大族具有共同的重要结构特征并能够吸引白细胞的蛋白。作为白细胞的趋化性因子,趋化因子在将白细胞吸引到身体不同组织上的过程中起着不可缺少的作用,这种过程是发炎以及身体对感染起反应所必需的。因为趋化因子及其受体在炎性和感染性疾病中起重要作用,所以能够调节、优选拮抗趋化因子及其受体活性的物质可用于治疗这样的炎性和感染性疾病。
对于炎性和感染性疾病的治疗,趋化因子受体CCR5有着特别重要的地位。CCR5是趋化因子,尤其是称为MIP-1α和MIP-1β的巨噬细胞炎性蛋白(MIP)以及活化后可调节的并且是正常T细胞表达和分泌的蛋白(RANTES)的受体。
已经对不同种类的趋化因子受体活性调节剂,尤其是CCR5趋化因子受体活性调节剂作了大量研究,例如WO 98/25617涉及用作趋化因子受体活性调节剂的取代的芳基哌嗪。
WO 00/38680一般性地公开了本发明化合物,但是没有具体举例说明任何一种化合物。
依据本发明第一个方面,提供了式(I)化合物或其可药用盐或溶剂化物
其中R1是任选被一个或多个氟原子取代的C3-6环烷基、或任选被一个或多个氟原子取代的C1-6烷基、或任选在环上被一个或多个氟原子取代的C3-6环烷基甲基;且
R2是任选被一个或多个氟原子取代的苯基。
依据本发明第二个方面,提供了式(IA)化合物或其可药用盐或溶剂化物
其中R1代表任选被一个或多个氟原子取代的C3-6环烷基、或任选被一个或多个氟原子取代的C1-6烷基。
在R1的定义中,“C1-6烷基”包括直链或支链基团。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。“C3-6环烷基”是指环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
式(I)化合物包含碱性中心,并且可以与形成无毒性盐的酸形成合适的酸加成盐。酸加成盐的实例包括盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、乙酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、琥珀酸盐、糖质酸盐、苯甲酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和扑酸盐。关于合适的盐的综述参见Berge等人,J.Pharm.Sci.,66,1-19,1977。
式(I)化合物或其盐的可药用溶剂化物包括其水合物。
还包括在本发明式(I)化合物范围内的是其多晶型物。
式(I)化合物含有一个或多个不对称碳原子,并因此以两种或更多种立体异构形式存在。本发明包括式(I)化合物的单个异构体,和如果适当的话其单个互变异构形式,及其混合物。
非对映异构体的分离可通过常规技术来实现,例如通过分级结晶、色谱法或H.P.L.C.来分离式(I)化合物或其合适的盐或衍生物的立体异构体混合物。式(I)化合物的单个对映异构体还可以由相应的旋光纯中间体制得,或者通过拆分来获得,例如使用合适的手性载体通过H.P.L.C.拆分相应的外消旋体,或者将通过把相应的外消旋体与合适的旋光性酸或碱(按照需要)反应而形成的非对映异构盐进行分级结晶来获得对映体。
本发明还涉及同位素标记的式(I)化合物。
R1优选为任选被一个或两个氟原子取代的C4-6环烷基、或任选被1-3个氟原子取代的C1-4烷基。
R1优选为环丁基、环戊基、4,4-二氟环己基或3,3,3-三氟丙基。
R2优选为任选被1或2个氟原子取代的苯基。
R2优选为苯基或一氟苯基。
R2优选为苯基或3-氟苯基。
优选的式(I)化合物包括
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}环丁烷甲酰胺;
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}环戊烷甲酰胺;
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑4-基)-外-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}-4,4,4-三氟丁酰胺;
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}-4,4-二氟环己烷甲酰胺;和
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-(3-氟苯基)丙基}-4,4-二氟环己烷甲酰胺;
或这些化合物的可药用盐或溶剂化物。
式(I)化合物可通过下述一般方法制得,其中除非另有说明,否则R1和R2如式(I)化合物中所定义。
1.式(I)化合物可通过在常规偶联条件下将式II化合物
与式(III)化合物反应而制得
R1CO2H (III)
该反应优选在合适的偶联剂(例如N-苄基-N’-环己基碳二亚胺(可以结合在聚合物上)、或羟基苯并三唑水合物和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺甲碘化物)存在下、在不给反应带来不利影响的溶剂例如二氯甲烷中于约室温进行。下文方法2中描述了进一步合适的偶联条件。
式(III)化合物是已知的,或者可用常规技术制得。
式(II)化合物可如下面的反应方案1所示制得。
2.式(I)化合物可如反应方案1所示制得。
反应方案1
其中P是合适的保护基例如叔丁氧羰基、苄基或苄氧羰基,并且式(II)和(VII)化合物呈外型。在其中P是叔丁氧羰基的一般方法中,将(IV)胺与二碳酸二叔丁酯在碱受体例如氢氧化钠水溶液存在下在合适的溶剂例如四氢呋喃中反应。
可在二氯甲烷中低于-70℃用合适的还原剂例如二异丁基氢化铝将式(V)保护的胺还原成式(VI)醛。
式(VI)醛与式(VIA)胺(呈外型)的还原胺化反应
生成了式(VII)化合物。该反应可在过量还原剂例如三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠或氰基硼氢化钠存在下在质子性溶剂系统例如在二氯甲烷或1,1,1-三氯乙烷内的乙酸中于室温进行。
式(VII)化合物的脱保护可用常规条件来完成。当P是叔丁氧羰基时,可在溶剂例如二氯甲烷或甲醇中使用三氟乙酸或盐酸于室温来进行脱保护。
可通过下述方法将制备的式(II)化合物转化成式(I)化合物:
使用常规条件例如使用N,N’-羰基二咪唑、三乙胺和二氯甲烷将式(II)化合物与式(VIB)化合物反应:
R1COZ
(VIB)
其中Z是羧酸活化基团例如氯或1H-咪唑-1-基。
优选地,使用碳二亚胺例如3-(3-二甲基氨基-1-丙基)-1-乙基碳二亚胺或结合在聚合物上的N-苄基-N’-环己基碳二亚胺,任选在1-羟基苯并三唑水合物存在下,在原位由式(III)化合物生成式(VIB)化合物,并与式(II)化合物反应。该反应可在合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃或乙酸乙酯中,任选在碱例如叔胺如三乙胺或N-乙基二异丙基胺存在下于室温进行。
或者,可首先在过量N-甲基吗啉、三乙胺或N-乙基二异丙基胺存在下,在合适的溶剂例如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯中,于室温用苯并三唑-1-基氧基-三(二甲基氨基)磷六氟磷酸盐(BOP)、溴-三-吡咯烷基磷六氟磷酸盐(PYBrOP)、或2-氟-1-甲基吡啶对甲苯磺酸盐(Mukaiyama’s试剂)将式(III)酸活化,以生成式(VIB)化合物,然后将其与式(II)化合物反应。
或者,可将其中Z是氯的式(VIB)酰氯与式(II)化合物任选在合适的碱例如三乙胺、N-乙基二异丙基胺、碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸氢钠存在下在合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、THF或甲苯中于室温进行反应。
应当理解,经由式(II)化合物将式(VII)化合物转化成式(I)化合物的反应可使用类似于前述的方法通过脱保护/偶联以“一锅法”的方式进行。
式(VIA)化合物可如反应方案2所示制得。
反应方案2
其中P1是合适的保护基例如叔丁氧羰基或苄基,并且式(X)、(XI)和(XII)化合物呈外型。
式(IX)肟可通过在碱例如吡啶存在下,在合适的溶剂、一般是乙醇中将式(VIII)酮与盐酸羟胺缩合而制得。该反应一般在溶剂的回流温度下进行。
当P1是叔丁氧羰基或苄基时,式(IX)肟的还原可用钠在醇、一般是戊醇存在下实现,或者通过电化学还原来实现,以获得式(X)胺。
式(XI)酰胺可通过将式(X)保护的胺与2-甲基丙酸或其活化的衍生物偶联来制得。该偶联可用常规酰胺键形成技术,例如在上述方法1和2中描述的技术来进行。一般情况下,可首先任选在1-羟基苯并三唑存在下,在合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷中,以及在碱例如叔胺如三乙胺或二异丙基胺存在下,用碳二亚胺例如1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基-碳二亚胺将该酸活化,然后与式(X)胺反应。或者,该反应可用2-甲基丙酰氯在碱例如碳酸钠和合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷存在下来进行。
式(XII)三唑可通过首先将式(XI)酰胺与乙酰肼偶联,然后在原位进行环缩合而以“一锅”、两步法制得。一般情况下,首先在溶剂例如氯仿中、在碱例如吡啶存在下于0℃用三氯氧磷将该酰胺活化,然后在合适的溶剂例如氯仿中用乙酰肼处理,并将该反应加热回流。可在酸例如对甲苯磺酸存在下,在合适的溶剂例如甲苯中于升高的温度下(例如110℃)进行完全。
使用标准方法将式(XII)化合物脱保护,以生成式(VIA)胺。一般情况下,当P1是苄基时,通过催化氢化,例如使用氢氧化钯(II)作为催化剂,在合适的溶剂例如乙醇中,在甲酸铵存在下于70℃进行脱保护。或者,可使用披钯碳作为催化剂,在合适的溶剂例如甲醇中,任选在合适的酸例如对甲苯磺酸存在下,通过催化氢化进行脱保护。
3.式(I)化合物可如反应方案3所示制得。
反应方案3
其中R3是H或C1-C6烷基。
式(XIV)酰胺可通过常规酰胺键形成技术形成,例如首先将式(XIII)酸(其中R3是H)活化为酰氯,或者使用如上述方法1和2中描述的技术将该酸活化,然后与式(VIA)胺反应。或者,可将式(XIII)酯(其中R3是C1-C6烷基)与胺或其金属盐直接反应。因此,可在含有或不含有水作为助溶剂的合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、THF或甲苯中,在过量碱例如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺或N,N-二异丙基乙胺存在下将该酰氯与胺或其盐反应。或者,可用1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(WCDI)、CDI(1,1’-羰基二咪唑)或DCC(1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺)和HOAT(1-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三唑)或HOBT(1-羟基苯并三唑水合物)将该酸活化,然后在溶剂例如THF、二氯甲烷或甲苯中,在碱例如三乙胺存在下将活化的酸与胺反应。还可以在含有或不含有水作为助溶剂的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、THF或甲苯中,在碱例如三乙胺存在下,任选在催化剂存在下,将酯与胺或其金属盐反应。或者,可在含有或不含有水作为助溶剂的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、THF或甲苯中将酯、胺和酶催化剂一起反应。优选地,将酰氯、胺和碳酸钠在二氯甲烷和水中一起反应,或者将酸与N,N’-羰基二咪唑反应以形成咪唑化物(imidazolide),然后与胺在二氯甲烷中在三乙胺存在下反应。
可将式(XIV)酰胺还原,例如使用亲核氢化物试剂或亲电氢化物试剂进行还原,或者通过催化氢化进行还原,或者使用烷基或芳基甲硅烷与合适的过渡金属催化剂进行还原,以生成式(I)化合物。一般的条件包括在THF或甲苯中使用Red-Al_(二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝氢化钠),或者在THF中使用硼烷。
4.式(I)化合物可如反应方案4所示制得。
反应方案4
其中Y是-CO2R4、-CN或-C(O)NHR4,其中R4是H或C1-C6烷基。
制备式(XVI)醛的反应可通过将式(XV)酯、腈、酰胺或酸(例如通过合适的试剂活化的)还原来进行,例如用氢化物还原剂在合适的试剂中进行还原。或者,式(XV)的酯、腈或酸(例如通过合适的试剂活化的)的还原可用合适的过渡金属催化剂、氢源在合适的溶剂中进行。一般条件包括在溶剂例如THF、二氯甲烷或甲苯中用氢化铝或氢化硼例如DIBAL(二异丁基氢化铝)、Red-Al_、LiAl(O(t-Bu))3或(Me2CHCH(Me))2BH将酯、腈或酰胺还原;或者在溶剂例如THF或甲苯中,在具有改性剂例如2,4-二甲基吡啶的氢气氛下,用过渡金属催化剂例如Pd/C或Pd/BaSO4将酰氯还原。优选的条件包括在二氯甲烷或甲苯中用DIBAL将酯还原。
式(I)化合物可使用式(XVI)醛和式(VIA)胺或其盐通过还原胺化制得。该反应一般可这样进行:将醛与0.8-1.5摩尔当量的胺或其盐反应,任选在0.1-3摩尔当量的质子酸存在下,使用还原剂例如三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠或氰基硼氢化钠,或者使用催化性过渡金属催化剂例如钯、铂或铑和氢源例如分子氢或甲酸铵,在合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、乙腈、甲苯、乙醇或2-丙醇中进行所述反应。优选地,在三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠和微量乙酸存在下,在二氯甲烷中于室温将醛与胺的对甲苯磺酸盐反应。
式(XVI)醛还可以通过下述方法由式(XVIA)醇制得:
通过标准氧化技术,例如在合适的溶剂如二氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮或乙腈中,使用或不使用碱,使用氧化剂例如DMSO/三氧化硫-吡啶络合物、含有(COCl)2的DMSO、MnO2或CrO3进行氧化;在合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲苯或丙腈中,使用过渡金属催化剂例如Rh或Ru,使用或不使用碱,和氢化物受体例如酮进行氧化;或者在合适的溶剂例如二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲苯或乙腈中,使用催化氧化剂例如TPAP(四丙基过钌酸铵)或TEMPO(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶基氧基自由基),使用或不使用固体载体,使用化学计算量的催化剂的再氧化剂例如NMO(4-甲基吗啉N-氧化物)、氧或次氯酸钠或次溴酸钠进行氧化。优选的条件包括在二氯甲烷中使用DMSO、三氧化硫-吡啶络合物、和三乙胺,或使用TEMPO、KBr、NaOCl、水和二氯甲烷。
5.式(I)化合物可通过将其中Y是-CN的式(XV)化合物与式(VIA)胺或其盐还原胺化而制得的。还原可在合适的溶剂中,任选在酸存在下,使用过渡金属催化剂和氢源来进行。在一般的方法中,使用披钯碳或氧化铂(IV)和溶剂例如甲醇、乙酸或2-丙醇。
6.式(I)化合物可这样制得:任选在碱和/或相转移催化剂存在下,用式(XVII)化合物将式(VIA)胺或其盐(酸加成盐或金属盐)烷基化:
其中Z1是离去基团例如卤素、C1-C4烷基磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基或对甲苯磺酰氧基。
该反应一般可这样进行:在碱例如三乙胺或N,N-二异丙基乙基胺;DBU(1,8-二氮杂二环[5,4,0]十一碳烯-7-烯;或者无机碱例如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯存在下;任选在相转移催化剂存在下,在溶剂例如乙腈、DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)、DMSO(二甲亚砜)、1,4-二氧杂环己烷、THF或甲苯中进行。或者,可将胺的金属盐(即去质子化形式)与式(XVII)化合物在合适的溶剂例如THF、DMF或1,4-二氧杂环己烷中反应。该反应优选这样进行:在乙腈中使用DBU,或者在THF中使用碳酸钾和18-冠-6(1,4,7,10,13,16-六氧杂环十八烷),将胺与式(XVII)化合物反应。
7.式(I)化合物可如反应方案5所示制得。
反应方案5
式(XVIII)化合物可通过式(XX)化合物
R2COCH3
(XX)
与式(VIA)或其盐、甲醛或其同等物的Mannich反应而制得,其中所述反应是在有或没有酸存在下,在合适的溶剂中进行的。一般条件包括在合适的溶剂例如乙醇、甲醇、2-丙醇或DMF中,使用酸例如盐酸、硫酸、对甲苯磺酸或乙酸,将胺和酮与多聚甲醛反应;或者在合适的溶剂例如乙醇、甲醇、2-丙醇或DMF中,将胺盐(例如盐酸盐、硫酸盐或对甲苯磺酸盐)与酮和多聚甲醛反应。
或者,式(XVIII)化合物可通过使用标准烷基化条件例如上文方法6所述的烷基化条件将式(VIA)化合物或其盐与式(XXI)化合物反应而制得:
R2COCH2CH2Z2
(XXI)
其中Z2是离去基团例如如上Z1所定义的离去基团。
式(XIX)烯酰胺可这样制得:在脱水条件下,在或不在酸催化剂存在下,在合适的溶剂中,将式(XVIII)化合物与式(XXII)酰胺反应:
R1CONH2
(XXII)
或者,首先将式(XVIII)化合物与羟胺或其盐反应,然后将中间体产物与式(XXIII)酸酐
(R1CO)2O
(XXIII)
过渡金属催化剂、和酸在合适的溶剂中反应;或者将式(XVIII)化合物与氨或其盐反应,然后将中间体产物与式(III)酸或其活化衍生物在标准条件下反应。一般是将式(XVIII)化合物与式(XXII)酰胺在催化量的酸存在下反应,同时共沸除去水或者使用脱水剂例如分子筛除去水。
式(I)化合物可通过将式(XIX)烯酰胺不对称还原而制得,例如使用0.001-0.1摩尔当量的过渡金属例如Rh、Ru、Pd、Pt、Ir、或Ti,0.001-0.2摩尔当量的手性配体例如BINAP(2,2-二(二苯基膦基)-1,1’-联萘)、tol-BINAP(2,2-二(二-对甲苯基膦基)-1,1’-联萘)、Du-PHOS(1,2-二(2,5-二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)苯)或Penn-Phos(P,P’-1,2-亚苯基二(内-2,5-二甲基-7-磷杂二环[2,2,1]庚烷),氢供体例如分子氢、苯基甲硅烷、2-丙醇或甲酸铵,以及合适的溶剂例如甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、2-丙醇或THF,于0℃-回流温度下,并任选在压力下进行还原。
8.式(I)化合物可如反应方案6所示制得。
反应方案6
可通过在常规条件下,在合适的溶剂中使用氨或其同等物与还原剂进行还原胺化来将式(XVIII)酮转化成式(IIA)外消旋胺。
可通过标准技术例如通过使用标准的、动力学或动态拆分技术将式(IIA)外消旋胺拆分来提供式(II)胺。
可通过在方法1和2中描述的途径将式(II)胺转化成式(I)化合物。
或者,可使用式(III)化合物或其合适的活化衍生物,手性催化剂,任选使用将所存在的不需要的异构体外消旋化的催化剂,和合适的溶剂,将式(IIA)外消旋胺转化成式(I)化合物。
还可以通过与式(XXIV)酯反应来将式(II)胺或其金属盐(即去质子化形式)转化成式(I)化合物
R1CO2R5
(XXIV)
其中R5是酯形成基团例如C1-C6烷基。该反应一般可这样进行:在溶剂例如二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、THF或甲苯中,以及在有或没有水作为助溶剂的存在下,使用过量碱例如三乙胺和任选的催化剂,将酯与或其金属盐胺反应;或者在溶剂例如二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、THF或甲苯中,在有或没有作为助溶剂的水存在下,在酶催化剂存在下,将酯与胺反应。
在上述方法中使用的所有上述反应和新原料的制备都是采用常规且适当的试剂和反应条件,通过参考以前的文献和关于此的实例和制备,其进行或制备以及分离所需产物的方法是本领域技术人员众所周知的。
式(I)化合物的可药用盐可通过将式(I)化合物与所需酸的溶液混合在一起而方便地制得。盐可以从溶液中沉淀出来,并可以通过过滤或通过将溶剂蒸发来收集。
式(I)化合物及其可药用盐是有用的,因为它们在包括人在内的动物中具有药理活性。更特别地,它们可用于治疗其中涉及CCR5受体调节的病症。可提及的疾病包括HIV、在基因上涉及HIV的逆转录病毒感染、AIDS、或炎性疾病。式(I)化合物及其可药用盐可单独施用或者作为联合治疗的一部分施用。
本发明化合物可用于治疗呼吸疾病,包括成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、慢性堵塞性肺病、囊性纤维变性、哮喘、肺气肿、鼻炎和慢性窦炎。可治疗的其它病症是在不同器官中引发、影响或以任何其它方式与T-细胞通讯有关的病症。预计本发明化合物可用于治疗这样的病症,并且特别是但不限于已经确立与CCR5或CCR5趋化因子有关的下列病症:炎性肠病包括局限性回肠炎和溃疡性结肠炎、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、移植物排斥,特别是但不限于肾脏和肺同种移植物,子宫内膜异位、I型糖尿病、肾病、慢性胰腺炎、炎性肺病或慢性心力衰竭。对于趋化因子和趋化因子受体阻断剂的可能应用的最近回顾,参见Cascieri,M.A.,和Springer,M.S.,“趋化因子/趋化因子受体家族:治疗干预的可能性和进展(“The chemokine receptor family:potential and progress fortherapeutic intervention”)”,Curr.Opin.Cherri.Biol.,4(4),420-7(2000年8月)。
式(I)化合物及其可药用盐作为HIV感染抑制剂的用途可通过一种或多种本领域已知的方法来证实,例如使用Dimitrov等人.,J.Clin.Microbiol.,28,734-737(1990)中描述的HIV微培养物测定和Connor等人.,Virology,206(2)935-44(1995)描述的假型HIV受体测定。
式(I)化合物及其可药用盐调节趋化因子受体活性的能力可通过一种或多种本领域已知的方法来证实,例如使用依据Combadiere等人.,J.Leukoc.Biol.,60,147-52(1996)中公开的方法的CCR5结合测定;和/或使用如同一作者所述的细胞内钙代谢测定。表达所关注的受体的细胞系包括天然表达该受体的细胞系例如PM-1,或IL-2刺激的外周血液淋巴细胞(PBL),或通过基因工程表达重组受体的细胞例如CHO,300.19,L1.2或HEK-293。
式(I)化合物可单独施用,但是通常与根据欲采用的给药途径和标准药物实践所选的合适的可药用赋形剂、稀释剂或载体混合后施用。
例如,式(I)化合物可以以片剂、胶囊剂、多颗粒剂、凝胶剂、薄膜剂、卵状制剂、酏剂、溶液或悬浮液的形式经口、颊或舌下给药,所述给药形式可含有矫味剂或着色剂,并用于即释、延迟释放、改变的释放、持续释放、脉冲式释放或控制释放。式(I)化合物还可以作为迅速分散或迅速溶解的剂型或以高能分散体的形式或作为包衣颗粒施用。式(I)化合物的适当制剂可按照需要呈包衣或未包衣形式。
这样的固体药物组合物例如片剂可含有赋形剂例如微晶纤维素、乳糖、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、甘油和淀粉(优选玉米淀粉、土豆淀粉或木薯淀粉),崩解剂例如淀粉乙醇酸钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和一些复合硅酸盐,以及制粒粘合剂例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、蔗糖、明胶和阿拉伯胶。此外,还可以包含润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、甘油二十二烷酸酯和滑石粉。
一般实施例
片剂一般可含有0.01mg-500mg活性化合物,而片剂的总重量可以为50mg-1000mg。下面举例说明10mg片剂的配方的实例:
组分
%w/w
式(I)化合物或盐 10.000*
乳糖 64.125
淀粉 21.375
交联羧甲基纤维素钠 3.000
硬脂酸镁 1.500
*依据药物活性而调节的量
片剂可通过标准方法,例如直接压片法或者湿制粒或干制粒法来制得。可以用适当的包衣材料将片剂核心包衣。
也可以在明胶或HPMC胶囊中采用类似类型的固体组合物以作为填充物。对于此,优选的赋形剂包括乳糖、淀粉、纤维素、奶糖或高分子量聚乙二醇。对于水悬浮液和/或酏剂,可将式(I)化合物与不同的甜味剂或矫味剂、着色剂或染料、乳化剂和/或悬浮剂、以及稀释剂例如水、乙醇、丙二醇和甘油、和它们的组合物混合在一起。
式(I)化合物还可以非胃肠道给药,例如静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、鞘内、心室内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌内或皮下给药,或者它们可通过输注或无针头技术来给药。对于这样的非胃肠道给药,它们最好以无菌水溶液的形式使用,无菌水溶液可含有其它物质例如足量的盐或葡萄糖以使溶液与血液等渗。如果需要的话,应当将水溶液适当地缓冲(优选缓冲至3-9的pH)。合适的非胃肠道给药制剂在无菌条件下的制备可通过本领域技术人员众所周知的标准制药技术来方便地完成。对于经口或非胃肠道施用给人,式(I)化合物及其可药用盐的日剂量可以为0.01-30mg/kg(以单次剂量或均分剂量施用),优选为0.01-15mg/kg。因此,片剂可以含有1mg-0.5g本发明化合物,以按照需要一次服用一片或者服用两片或更多片。在任何情况下都由医师决定实际剂量,这样的实际剂量对任何单个患者都是最合适的,并随着特定患者的年龄、体重和反应而变。上述剂量是示例性的平均剂量。当然可以有采用更高或更低剂量的个别情况,并且这在本发明范围内。
经口施用是优选的。优选在需要起作用之前马上给药。
式(I)化合物还可以鼻内施用或者通过吸入给药,并且以干粉吸入器或气雾剂的形式从加压容器、泵、喷雾器、雾化器或喷洒器中递送,其中采用或不采用合适的推进剂例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、氢氟烷烃例如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFA 134A[商标])或1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷(HFA 227EA[商标])、二氧化碳或其它合适的气体。对于加压气雾剂,可通过提供阀门以递送计量的量来确定剂量单位。加压容器、泵、喷雾器、雾化器或喷洒器可含有活性化合物的溶液或悬浮液,例如使用乙醇与作为溶剂的推进剂的混合物,还可以含有润滑剂例如脱水山梨醇三油酸酯。可配制在吸入器或吹入器中使用的胶囊和药筒(由例如明胶制成)以含有式(I)化合物与合适的粉末基质例如乳糖或淀粉的粉末混合物。
气雾剂或干粉制剂优选配置成每个计量剂量或“喷出”含有1μg-10mg用于递送给患者的式(I)化合物。气雾剂的整个日剂量为1μg-20mg,可作为单次剂量施用,或者更通常作为均分剂量在一天内施用。
或者,可将式(I)化合物以栓剂或子宫托剂的形式施用,或者它们可以以凝胶剂、水凝胶剂、洗剂、溶液、霜剂、膏剂或扑粉剂的形式局部施用。式(I)化合物还可以经皮或透皮施用,例如,通过使用皮肤贴剂来施用。它们还可以通过经肺或直肠途径施用。
本发明化合物还可以通过经眼途径来施用,以特别用于治疗眼睛的炎性病症或疾病。对于眼科应用,可将化合物配制成在等渗、pH调节的无菌盐水中的微粉化悬浮剂,或者优选配制成在等渗、pH调节的无菌盐水中的溶液,并任选加入防腐剂例如苯扎氯铵。或者,可将它们在软膏例如凡士林中配制。
为了局部施用到皮肤上,可将式(I)化合物配制成含有悬浮在或溶解在例如一种或多种下列物质的混合物中的活性化合物的合适膏剂:矿物油、液状石蜡、白凡士林、丙二醇、聚氧化乙烯聚氧化丙烯复合物、乳化蜡和水。或者,可将它们配制成悬浮在或溶解在例如一种或多种下列物质的混合物中的合适洗剂或霜剂:矿物油、脱水山梨醇一硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇、液状石蜡、吐温60、鲸蜡基酯蜡、鲸蜡硬脂醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、苄基醇和水。
式(I)化合物还可以与环糊精联合使用。已知环糊精能与药物分子形成包合和非包合复合物。形成药物-环糊精复合物可修饰药物分子的溶解性、溶解速度、生物利用度和/或稳定性。药物-环糊精复合物一般可用于大部分剂型和给药途径。除了与药物直接复合以外,环糊精还可以用作辅助添加剂例如用作载体、稀释剂或助溶剂。α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精是最常用的,并且合适的实例描述在WO-A-91/11172、WO-A-94/02518和WO-A-98/55148中。
式(I)化合物及其可药用盐的优点在于,与现有技术化合物相比,它们具有更强的选择性、能更快的开始作用、具有更强的效力、更稳定、抗代谢的能力更强、或具有其它更可取的性质。
对于联合使用本发明化合物与其它治疗剂和活性组分,以及除了包含本发明化合物作为活性组分之外还包含其它治疗剂和活性组分的组合物,这样的方案也包括在本发明范围内。经常称为联合治疗的这样的多种药物治疗方案可用于治疗和预防由CCR5趋化因子受体调节介导或与其有关的任何疾病或病症,特别是人免疫缺陷病毒HIV的感染。对于在需要治疗的患者或有变成这种患者危险性的个体中的人免疫缺陷病毒HIV以及相关致病逆转录病毒的感染和增殖的治疗和预防,治疗剂的这种联合使用特别有效。从文献中众所周知的是,这样的逆转录病毒病原体能够在较短时间内发展成抗已施用给所述患者的任何单一治疗的株。
除了使得可能除使用式(I)CCR5趋化因子受体调节化合物及其可药用盐以外还必须使用其它活性剂的对治疗效力的需要,可能还有另外的原理迫使或高度推荐涉及代表辅助治疗的活性组分(即补充和增补本发明CCR5趋化因子受体调节化合物所具有的功能)的药物联合使用。用于辅助治疗的这样的补充治疗剂包括这样的药物,它们不是直接治疗或预防由CCR5趋化因子受体调节介导或与其有关的疾病或病症,而是治疗直接由基本或基础CCR5趋化因子受体调节的疾病或病症导致的或者间接伴随它们的疾病或病症。例如,当基本CCR5趋化因子受体调节的疾病或病症是HIV感染或增殖时,可能需要(或至少是可取的)治疗机会感染、肿瘤、和作为所治疗的患者免疫受影响的结果而发生的其它病症。其它活性剂可以与式(I)化合物及其可药用盐一起使用,以提供免疫刺激或治疗伴随初始且基本HIV感染的疼痛和炎症。
因此,本发明治疗方法和药物组合物可使用单一治疗形式的式(I)化合物及其可药用盐,但是所述方法和组合物还可以以复合治疗的形式使用,其中一种或多种式(I)化合物或其可药用盐与一种或多种已知治疗剂例如在本文中进一步详细描述的那些联合施用。
本发明优选的联合给药包括同时或顺序使用式(I)化合物或其可药用盐与一种或多种HIV蛋白酶抑制剂和/或HIV逆转录酶抑制剂来进行治疗,所述HIV蛋白酶抑制剂和/或HIV逆转录酶抑制剂优选选自:非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTI),包括但不限于奈韦拉平、delavirdine和efavirenz;核苷/核苷酸类抑制剂,包括但不限于叠氮胸苷、地达诺新、扎西他宾、stavudine、拉米夫定、abacavir、adefovir和dipivoxil;和蛋白酶抑制剂,包括但不限于indinavir、ritonavir、噻喹努佛、nelfinavir、lopinavir和amprenavir。可用于上述优选的本发明联合给药方案的其它活性剂包括当前正处于开发研究阶段的属于上述任何类别抑制剂的药物,包括但不限于FTC、PMPA、fozivudine tidoxil、talviraline、S-1153、MKC-442、MSC-204、MSH-372、DMP450、PNU-140690、ABT-378和KNI-764。还包括在本发明的优选实施方案内的是联合施用式(I)化合物或其可药用盐与可用于辅助治疗的补充治疗剂,其中所述补充治疗剂包括一种或多种独立地选自下列的那些:增殖抑制剂,例如羟基脲类;免疫调节剂例如骨髓生长因子、和不同形式的干扰素或干扰素衍生物;融合抑制剂例如AMD3100、T-20、PRO-542、AD-349、BB-10010和其它趋化因子受体激动剂/拮抗剂;速激肽受体调节剂例如NK1拮抗剂;整合酶抑制剂,例如AR177;RNaseH抑制剂;病毒转录和RNA复制抑制剂;以及经由不同机制抑制病毒感染或改善HIV感染的病症或结果的其它活性剂。
用于预防HIV感染、或治疗有可能或已经感染了HIV的无病毒血且无症状个体的本发明优选治疗方法包括但不限于施用独立地选自下列的活性剂:(i)如本文所公开的在式(I)范围内的化合物;(ii)除了化合物(i)以外还有一种NNRTI;(iii)除了化合物(i)以外还有两种NRTI;(iv)除了(II)的组合以外还有一种NRTI;和(v)用于在组合(iii)和(iv)中代替NRTI的选自蛋白酶抑制剂的化合物。
用于治疗感染HIV的具有可检测的病毒血或异常低的CD4计数的个体的本发明优选方法还包括选自下列的治疗方式:(vi)除了用于治疗确定的HIV感染的标准推荐初始治疗方案(例如参见http://hivatis.org/trtgdlns.html)以外,还依据(i)进行治疗。这样的标准治疗方案包括但不限于与两种NRTI联合使用的选自蛋白酶抑制剂的活性剂;和(vii)用于治疗确定的HIV感染的标准推荐初始治疗方案(例如参见http://hivatis.org/trtgdlns.html),其中用在本文所公开的式(I)范围内的化合物代替蛋白酶抑制剂或一种或两种NRTI。
用于治疗经历过失败的抗病毒治疗的感染HIV的个体的本发明优选方法还包括选自下列的治疗方式:(viii)除了用于治疗这样的患者的标准推荐治疗方案(例如参见http://hivatis.org/trtgdlns.html)以外,还依据(i)进行治疗;和(ix)用于治疗经历过失败的抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者的标准推荐初始治疗方案(例如参见http://hivatis.org/trtgdlns.html),其中用在本文所公开的式(I)范围内的化合物代替一种蛋白酶抑制剂成分一种或两种NRTI。
在上述本发明优选的联合给药方案中,式(I)化合物和其它治疗活性剂可以根据剂型独立地或彼此在一起施用,并根据其给药时间顺序或同时施用。因此,一种组分可以在施用另一种组分之前、与其同时、或之后施用。
应当理解,本文所提及的所有治疗都包括治愈性、治标性和预防性治疗。
因此,本发明提供了:
式(I)化合物或其可药用盐或溶剂化物;
制备式(I)化合物或其可药用盐或溶剂化物的方法;
包含式(I)化合物或其可药用盐或溶剂化物和可药用赋形剂、稀释剂或载体的药物组合物;
用作药物的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物;
用于治疗其中涉及CCR5受体调节的病症的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物;
用于治疗HIV、在基因上涉及HIV的逆转录病毒感染、AIDS、或炎性疾病的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物;
用于治疗呼吸疾病,包括成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、慢性堵塞性肺病、囊性纤维变性、哮喘、肺气肿、鼻炎和慢性窦炎的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物;
用于治疗炎性肠病包括局限性回肠炎或溃疡性结肠炎、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、移植物排斥包括肾脏或肺同种移植物排斥、子宫内膜异位、I型糖尿病、肾病、慢性胰腺炎、炎性肺病或慢性心力衰竭的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物;
式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物在制备用于治疗其中涉及CCR5受体调节的病症的药物中的应用;
式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物在制备用于治疗HIV、在基因上涉及HIV的逆转录病毒感染、AIDS、或炎性疾病的药物中的应用;
式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物在制备用于治疗呼吸疾病,包括成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、慢性堵塞性肺病、囊性纤维变性、哮喘、肺气肿、鼻炎和慢性窦炎的药物中的应用;
式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物在制备用于治疗下列疾病的药物中的应用:炎性肠病包括局限性回肠炎或溃疡性结肠炎、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、移植物排斥包括肾脏或肺同种移植物排斥、子宫内膜异位、I型糖尿病、肾病、慢性胰腺炎、炎性肺病或慢性心力衰竭;
治疗哺乳动物以治疗其中涉及CCR5受体调节的病症的方法,包括用有效量的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物治疗所述哺乳动物;
治疗哺乳动物以治疗HIV、在基因上涉及HIV的逆转录病毒感染、AIDS、或炎性疾病的方法,包括用有效量的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物治疗所述哺乳动物;
治疗哺乳动物以治疗呼吸疾病,包括成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、支气管炎、慢性支气管炎、慢性堵塞性肺病、囊性纤维变性、哮喘、肺气肿、鼻炎和慢性窦炎的方法,包括用有效量的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物治疗所述哺乳动物;
治疗哺乳动物以治疗炎性肠病包括局限性回肠炎或溃疡性结肠炎、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、移植物排斥包括肾脏或肺同种移植物排斥、子宫内膜异位、I型糖尿病、肾病、慢性胰腺炎、炎性肺病或慢性心力衰竭的方法,包括用有效量的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐、溶剂化物或组合物治疗所述哺乳动物;
和式(II)、(IIA)、(VI1)、(VIA)、(XII)、(XIV)、(XVIII)和(XIX)中间体。
通过下列实施例来举例说明本发明,其中可能使用下列缩写:
0.88氨=浓的氢氧化铵溶液,0.88 SG
h=小时
min=分钟
MS=质谱
NMR=核磁共振
Me=甲基
实施例1
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-
氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}环丁烷甲酰胺
将结合在聚合物上的N-苄基-N’-环己基碳二亚胺(1.15g,0.88mmol)加到制备例11标题化合物(250mg,0.68mmol)和环丁烷甲酸(130μl,1.37mmol)在二氯甲烷(10ml)内的溶液中,并将该混合物在室温搅拌16小时。将该混合物经由Celite_(助滤剂)过滤,并减压蒸发。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,使用二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶0.88氨(1∶0∶0-95∶5∶0.5,体积比)进行梯度洗脱,获得了本标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物,200mg。
实测值C,69.98;H,8.67;N,14.89%
C27H39N5O;0.2CH2Cl2;计算值C,70.01;H,8.51;N,15.01%
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.40(6H,d),1.63(4H,m),1.85-2.45(14H,m),2.52(3H,s),3.00(2H,m),3.39(2H,m),4.30(1H,m),5.15(1H,m),6.35(1H,m),7.15-7.40(5H,m).
LRMS:m/z 450.3(MH+)
[α]D-34.0°(c=0.10,MeOH)
实施例2
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-
氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}环戊烷甲酰胺
将环戊烷甲酸(115μl,1.06mmol)加到制备例11标题化合物(300mg,0.82mol)、羟基苯并三唑水合物(10mg,74μmol)和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺甲碘化物(300mg,1.07mmol)在二氯甲烷(10ml)内的溶液中,并将该混合物在室温搅拌3小时。向该混合物中加入饱和碳酸钠水溶液(50ml),并用二氯甲烷萃取(2×)。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压蒸发。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,使用二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶0.88氨(1∶0∶0-96∶4∶0.4,体积比)进行梯度洗脱,获得了本标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物,330mg。
实测值C,69.73;H,9.00;N,14.09%
C28H41N5O;0.25CH2Cl2;计算值C,69.98;H,8.63;N,14.44%.
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.35(6H,d),1.51-2.04(16H,m),2.17(2H,m),2.39(2H,m),2.45(4H,m),2.95(1H,m),3.36(2H,s),4.25(1H,m),5.09(1H,m),6.12(1H,m),7.20-7.33(5H,m).
LRMS:m/z 464.8(MH+)
[α]D-29.21°(c=0.10,MeOH)
熔点[℃]:68-70
实施例3
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-
氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}-4,4,4-三氟丁酰胺
将结合在聚合物上的N-苄基-N’-环己基碳二亚胺(370mg,0.336mmol)加到制备例11标题化合物(100mg,0.27mmol)和4,4,4-三氟丁酸(45mg,0.32mmol)在二氯甲烷(4ml)内的溶液中,并将该混合物在室温搅拌1.5小时。将该混合物经由Celite_过滤,并减压蒸发。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,使用二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶0.88氨(1∶0∶0-95∶5∶0.5,体积比)进行梯度洗脱,获得了本标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物,75mg。
实测值C,61.55;H,7.46;N,13.62%
C26H36N5OF3;0.25CH2Cl2;计算值C,61.48;H,7.17;N,13.66%
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.39(6H,d),1.65(5H,m),1.98(2H,m),2.07(2H,m),2.15-2.29(2H,m),2.43(5H,m),2.52(3H,s),3.00(1H,m),3.40(2H,s),4.30(1H,m),5.15(1H,m),6.94(1H,m),7.28(3H,m),7.36(2H,m)
LRMS:m/z 492.3(MH+)
[α]D-32.41°(c=0.10,MeOH)
实施例4
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-
氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}-4,4-二氟环己烷甲酰胺
将结合在聚合物上的N-苄基-N’-环己基碳二亚胺(500mg,0.545mmol)加到制备例11标题化合物(100mg,0.27mmol)和4,4-二氟环己烷甲酸(50mg,0.30mmol)在二氯甲烷(4ml)内的溶液中,并将该混合物在室温搅拌1.5小时。将该混合物经由Celite_过滤,并减压蒸发。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,使用二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶0.88氨(1∶0∶0-95∶5∶0.5,体积比)进行梯度洗脱,获得了本标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物,67mg。
实测值C,64.68;H,7.88;N,12.65%
C29H41N5OF2;1.36H2O;计算值C,64.72;H,8.19;N,13.01%
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.39(6H,d),1.61-2.18(19H,m),2.28(2H,m),2.48(3H,s),2.85(1H,m),3.36(2H,brd),4.28(1H,m).5.15(1H,m),6.48-6.61(1H,br m),7.23(3H,m),7.36(2H,m)
LRMS:m/z 514.4(MH+)
PXRD分析表明产物是称为“A型”和“B型”的多晶型物的混合物。可鉴定纯A型和B型的单晶,并可以从混合物中分离出来。A型和B型的PXRD数据列在附录1中。
实施例5
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-
氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-(3-氟苯基)丙基}-4,4-二氟环己烷甲
酰胺
本标题化合物是按照类似于实施例4中描述的方法由制备例13标题化合物(200mg,0.52mmol)和4,4-二氟环己烷甲酸(128mg,0.79mmol)制得的,160mg。
实测值C,64.25;H,7.67;N,12.53%
C29H40N5OF3;0.7H2O;计算值C,64.00;H,7.67;N,12.87%
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.39(6H,d),1.60-2.35(19H,m),2.42-2.60(2H,m),2.55(3H,s),2.98(1H,m),3.40(2H,br d),4.32(1H,m),5.14(1H,m),6.79(1H,br m),6.97(2H,m),7.05(1H,m),7.31(1H,m).
LRMS:m/z 532(MH+).
实施例6
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-
氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基)-1-苯基丙基}-4,4-二氟环己烷甲酰胺
将制备例20标题化合物(176g,0.48mol)溶解在二氯甲烷(1.76l)中。加入饱和碳酸钠水溶液(1.76l)和(1.76l)水。观察到放热现象,将该混合物冷却至15℃。向该反应混合物中加入制备例14标题化合物(131.6g,0.72mol)在甲苯(500mol)中的溶液,观察到放热现象。将所得混合物在室温搅拌12小时。该反应混合物的HPLC分析表明反应已进行完全。加入水(1l)和二氯甲烷(1l)以促进相分离。分离各相,水相的pH为pH=11。用二氯甲烷(1.76l)洗涤水相。将合并的有机相用0.5M氢氧化钠水溶液(1.76l)洗涤,然后用水(1.76l)洗涤。将有机相浓缩,并加入乙酸乙酯(700ml)。让该混合物在室温成粒过夜。过滤出白色固体,用乙酸乙酯(60ml)洗涤该产物,并在真空烘箱中于40℃干燥12小时,获得了本标题化合物,为白色固体146g(59%)。
1H-NMR与实施例4中的标题化合物相同。
PXRD分析表明产物是称为“B型”的一个多晶型物。B型的PXRD数据列在附录1中。
使用T.A.Instruments 2100 DSC测定的B型的熔点为197℃(峰温度)。在氮气流下以20℃/分钟的速度进行扫描(从室温至300℃)。
实施例7
N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-
氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基}-4,4-二氟环己烷甲酰胺
将制备例9标题化合物在二氯甲烷(9ml)中浆化,向该反应混合物中加入制备例17标题化合物(1.58g,5.35mmol)在甲苯(3.2ml)中的溶液,然后加入乙酸(0.3ml)。向所得溶液中分批加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(1.36g,6.24mmol)。将所得浆液在室温搅拌30分钟。通过HPLC和TLC分析样本,结果证实反应已完全。加入水(10ml),然后加入2M氢氧化钾水溶液(10ml),并分离各相。用二氯甲烷(10ml)洗涤水层,将合并的有机层用1M氢氧化钾水溶液(10ml)洗涤。将有机层减压浓缩,获得了浅棕色泡沫状物,将其在乙酸乙酯(10ml)中于室温再浆化12小时。过滤出白色固体,在真空烘箱中于40℃干燥4小时,获得了与实施例4标题化合物相同的本标题化合物,2.05g,产率为75%。
下述制备例举例说明在上述实施例中使用的一些中间体的制备。
制备例1
(3S)-3-氨基-3-苯基丙酸甲酯
将(3S)-3-氨基-3-苯基丙酸叔丁酯(5.04g,22.9mmol)在2.25M氯化氢甲醇溶液(100ml)中的溶液加热回流2.5小时。将该混合物冷却至室温,用饱和碳酸钠水溶液碱化至pH8,并分离各相。用二氯甲烷萃取水层(4×)。将合并的有机溶液用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压蒸发,获得了本标题化合物,3.97g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.70(2H,s),2.66(2H,d),3.68(3H,s),4.43(1H,t),7.25-7.40(5H,m).
LRMS:m/z 180.3(MH+).
制备例2
(3S)-3-[(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]-3-苯基丙酸甲酯
将制备例1标题化合物(5.38g,30mmol)、二碳酸二叔丁酯(8.72g,40mol)、四氢呋喃(50mut)和2N氢氧化钠水溶液(25ml)的混合物在室温搅拌2小时。将该反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,分离各层,并用乙酸乙酯萃取水相(2×)。将合并的有机溶液用水、盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压蒸发,获得了本标题化合物,为白色固体,8.39g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.41(9H,s),2.84(2H,m),3.61(3H,s),5.10(1H,bs),5.41(1H,bs),7.22-7.36(5H,m).
LRMS:m/z 279.7(MH+)
制备例3
(1S)-3-氧代-1-苯基丙基氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将氢化二异丁基铝(1M二氯甲烷溶液,60ml,60mmol)冷却至-78℃,并在-78℃滴加到制备例2标题化合物(8.39g,30mmol)在二氯甲烷(150ml)内的溶液中。将该反应搅拌90分钟,然后加入甲醇(预冷却至-78℃,40ml)。将该混合物温热至室温,并倒入2M盐酸(200ml)中。分离各层,用二氯甲烷萃取水相(2×)。将合并有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩,获得了本标题化合物,为白色固体,6.72g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.42(9H,s),2.86-3.00(2H,m),5.06(1H,bs),5.20(1H,bs),7.22-7.38(5H,m),9.75(1H,s).
LRMS:m/z 250.1(MH+).
制备例4
8-苄基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-酮
将2,5-二甲氧基四氢呋喃(50g,378mmol)在0.025M盐酸(160ml)中的溶液冷却至0℃,并搅拌16小时。加入苄基胺盐酸盐(65g,453mmol)、酮基丙二酸(55g,377mmol)和乙酸钠水溶液(300ml,0.69M),并将该反应在室温搅拌1小时。将该混合物在50℃加热90分钟,然后在冰浴中冷却,并用2N氢氧化钠水溶液碱化至pH12。分离各层,用乙酸乙酯萃取水相(3×)。将合并的有机溶液用水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩。将残余的棕色油状物减压蒸馏(126℃/0.4kPa),获得了本标题化合物,为灰色固体,37.81g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.64(2H,m),2.06-2.14(2H,m),2.18(1H,s),2.23(1H,s),2.68(1H,m),2.72(1H,m),3.48(2H,s),3.73(2H,s),7.20-7.29(1H,m),7.32(2H,m),7.42(2H,d).
LRMS:m/z 216.3(MH+).
制备例5
8-苄基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-酮肟
将制备例4标题化合物(17.72g,82mol)、盐酸羟胺(5.72g,82mmol)和吡啶(7.2ml,89mmol)的混合物在乙醇(500ml)中加热回流20小时。将该反应冷却至室温,并用饱和碳酸钠水溶液稀释。将该混合物过滤,并将滤液减压蒸发。将残余物在二氯甲烷与水之间分配,分离各层,用二氯甲烷萃取水层(2×)。将合并的有机萃取液用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩,获得了本标题化合物,为浅棕色固体,18.10g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.45-1.56(1H,m),1.60-1.67(1H,m),1.96-2.07(2H,bm),2.12(1H,m),2.21(1H,m),2.57(1H,m),2.97(1H,m),3.32(2H,m),3.64(2H,s),7.06(1H,s),7.21-7.28(1H,m),7.32(2H,m),7.38(2H,d).
LRMS:m/z 231.2(MH+)
制备例6
8-苄基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.]辛-3-外-胺
将制备例5标题化合物(18.10g,79mmol)在戊醇(500ml)中的溶液加热回流。用2.5小时分批加入钠(22.0g,957mmol)。将该反应加热回流2小时,然后在冰浴中冷却至0℃。加入水直至不再有任何氢气释放出来。用6N盐酸将该混合物酸化,并分离各相。用6N盐酸萃取有机层(3×),用氢氧化钠丸(400g)将合并的水萃取液碱化至pH12,并用乙酸乙酯萃取该水溶液(3×)。将合并的有机溶液干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩,获得了本标题化合物,15.65g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.20-1.40(2H,bm),1.48(2H,m),1.58(2H,d),1.64-1.76(2H,bm),2.00(2H,bm),2.95(1H,m),3.19(2H,bs),3.57(2H,s),7.18-7.26(1H,m),7.30(2H,m),7.37(2H,d).
LRMS:m/z 217.3(MH+).
制备例7
N-(8-苄基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基-外)-2-甲基丙酰胺
将三乙胺(9mol,66.8mmol)加到制备例6标题化合物(13g,60.1mmol)、异丁酸(5.6ml,60.5mmol)和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(11.6g,60.4mmol)在二氯甲烷(150mol)内的溶液中。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌3小时,然后加入异丁酸(1.4ml,15mmol)和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(2.9g,15.1mmol)。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌2天,然后加入异丁酸(2.6ml,28mol)、1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(5g,26mmol)和三乙胺(3ml,22.3mmol)。将该反应搅拌24小时。向该混合物中加入饱和碳酸钠水溶液(300ml),用二氯甲烷萃取产物(2×)。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,用二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶0.88氨(1∶0∶0-97∶3∶0.3,体积比)进行梯度洗脱,获得了本标题化合物,为白色粉末,9.2g。
实测值C,75.43;H,9.30;N,9.82%
C18H26N2O计算值C,75.48;H,9.15;N,9.78%
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.10(6H,d),1.47(2H,tr),1.60(2H,s),1.70(2H,m),1.80(2H,m),2.02(2H,m),2.27(1H,m),3.20(2H,s),4.10(1H,m),5.15(1H,m),7.20-7.40(5H,m).
LRMS:m/z 287.4(MH+)
熔点 [℃]:138-140
制备例8
8-苄基-3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂
二环[3.2.1]辛烷
在0℃,将三氯氧磷(9ml,96.9mmol)加到制备例7标题化合物(9.2g,32mmol)和吡啶(16ml,196mmol)在氯仿(20ml)内的溶液中。将该反应混合物温热至室温,并在室温搅拌5小时。将该混合物减压蒸发。将残余物溶解在氯仿(40mol)中,加入乙酰肼(3.6g,48.6mmol)。将该混合物加热回流3小时。将饱和碳酸钠水溶液(250ml)加到该混合物中,用二氯甲烷萃取产物(2×)。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩。将甲苯(200ml)和对甲苯磺酸一水合物(100mg,0.53mmol)加到残余物中。将该反应混合物加热回流2小时。将该反应混合物减压蒸发。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,用二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶0.88氨(1∶0∶0-95∶5∶0.5,体积比)进行梯度洗脱,获得了粗产物。将粗产物悬浮在6N盐酸(40ml)中,并加热回流12小时,然后加入12N盐酸(4ml)。将该反应混合物加热回流12小时。将该混合物减压蒸发。通过加入饱和碳酸钾水溶液(200ml)将残余物碱化,用二氯甲烷萃取产物(3×)。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,用二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶0.88氨(1∶0∶0-96∶4∶0.4,体积比)进行梯度洗脱,获得了本标题化合物,为白色粉末,3.12g。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.40(6H,d),1.70(4H,m),2.15-2.40(4H,m),2.60(3H,s),3.07(1H,m),3.37(2H,s),3.60(2H,s),4.30(1H,m),7.25-7.40(5H,m).
LRMS:m/z 325.3(MH+)
制备例9
3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂二环
[3.2.1]辛烷
将甲酸铵(6g,92mmol)加到制备例8标题化合物(3.12g,9.6mmol)氢氧化铵(II)(500mg)在乙醇(400ml)内的溶液中。将该混合物加热回流2小时,然后加入0.88氨溶液(2ml)。将该混合物加热回流1小时,并将该反应冷却至室温,并经由Arbocel_(助滤剂)。将溶剂减压蒸发,获得了本标题化合物,为白色固体,1.91g
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.37(6H,d),1.70-2.25(8H,m),2.50(3H,s),3.05(1H,m),3.70(2H,m),4.32(1H,m).
LRMS:m/z 235.0(MH+)
熔点[℃]:150-154
制备例10
(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂
二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(1.7g,8.02mmol)和冰醋酸(1ml,17.5mmol)加到制备例9标题化合物(1.6g,6.84mmol)和制备例3标题化合物(2g,8.03mmol)在二氯甲烷(40mol)内的溶液中,并将该反应在室温搅拌2小时。将该混合物用10%w/w碳酸钾水溶液碱化,并用二氯甲烷萃取(2×)。将合并的有机萃取液用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,用二氯甲烷∶甲醇∶0.88氨(1∶0∶0-97.5∶2.5∶0.25,体积比)进行梯度洗脱,获得了本标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物,2.5g
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.40(15H,m),1.70(4H,m),1.80-2.15(4H,m),2.30(2H,m),2.40(2H,m),2.58(3H,s),3.00(1H,m),3.40(2H,m),4.30(1H,m),4.85(1H,m),6.20(1H,m),7.20-7.40(5H,m).
LRMS:m/z 468.4(MH+)
制备例11
(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂
二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基-1-丙酰胺
将制备例10标题化合物(2.5g,5.35mmol)、2.25M盐酸和甲醇(70ml)的混合物加热回流5分钟,在室温搅拌1.5小时。将该反应混合物冷却至室温,并减压蒸发。通过加入饱和碳酸钠水溶液(150ml)将残余物碱化,并用二氯甲烷萃取(2×)。将合并有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压浓缩,获得了本标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物,1.80g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.37(6H,m),1.42(4H,m),1.85(2H,m),2.05(2H,m),2.20(2H,m),2.42(5H,m),3.00(1H,m),3.37(2H,m),4.10(1H,m),4.30(1H,m),7.30(5H,m).
[α]D+15.0°(c=0.10,MeOH)
制备例12
(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂
二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-(3-氟苯基)丙基氨基甲酸叔丁酯
本标题化合物是用类似于制备例10中描述的方法由制备例9标题化合物(1.0g,4.27mmol)和(1S)-3-氧代-1-(3-氟苯基)丙基氨基甲酸叔丁酯(EP-A-1013276)(2.2g,8.23mmol)制得的,0.76g。
LRMS:m/z 486(MH+)。
制备例13
(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂
二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-(3-氟苯基)-1-丙酰胺
本标题化合物是用类似于制备例11中描述的方法由制备例12标题化合物(760mg,1.57mmol)制得的,200mg。
LRMS:m/z 386.2(MH+)。
制备例14
4,4-二氟-环己烷甲酰氯
将4,4-二氟环己烷甲酸(118.2g,0.72mol)溶解在甲苯(296ml)中。向澄清溶液中加入亚硫酰氯(261ml,3.6mol),并将所得溶液加热回流1.5小时。取出样本,并浓缩,1H-NMR表明已完全转化成本标题化合物。及该反应冷却至室温,减压除去除去亚硫酰氯,用甲苯替换,获得了本标题化合物,是总体积为591ml的甲苯浓缩物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]2.29(1H,m),2.20-1.70(8H,m).
制备例15
(3S)-3-{[(4,4-二氟环己基)羰基]氨基}-3-苯基丙酸乙酯
将(3S)-3-氨基-3-苯基丙酸乙酯盐酸盐(10g,43.6mmol)在二氯甲烷(100ml)中浆化,并加入饱和碳酸钠水溶液(100ml)和水(100ml)。将该混合物冷却至0℃,向该反应混合物中加入制备例14标题化合物(7.96g,43.6mmol)在甲苯(38ml)中的溶液。将所得混合物在室温搅拌1小时。该反应混合物的HPLC分析表明该反应已完全。分离各层。水相的pH是pH=9。用二氯甲烷(100mol)洗涤水层。将合并的有机层依次用水(100ml)、1M盐酸(100mol)、和水(100mol)洗涤。将有机层浓缩,获得了棕色油状物,将该油状物在乙酸乙酯∶庚烷1∶2(50ml,体积比)中成粒4天。过滤出白色固体,在烘箱中于40℃减压干燥12小时,获得了本标题化合物,为白色固体,10.9g,产率为66%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]7.30(5H,m),6.76(1H,br d),5.40(1H,m),4.08(2H,q),2.95-2.75(2H,m),2.30-165(9H,m),1.15(3H,t).
LRMS:m/z=338(M-)
制备例16
(1S)-4,4-二氟-N-(3-羟基-1-苯基丙基)环己烷甲酰胺
将(3S)-3-氨基-3-苯基丙醇(30.9g,0.20mol)溶解在二氯甲烷(300ml)中,并加入饱和碳酸钠水溶液(300ml)。将所得两相混合物冷却至5℃,加入作为甲苯浓缩物的制备例14标题化合物(37.3g,0.20mol,224ml),将温度保持在10℃以下。将所得浆液于5℃搅拌15分钟,样本的HPLC分析表明反应已进行完全。加入水(310ml),获得了两相混合物。分离各层,将水层用二氯甲烷(300ml)洗涤,并将合并的有机层用1M氢氧化钠水溶液(300ml)洗涤。将合并的有机层减压浓缩,获得了棕色固体。将该固体在甲苯(120ml)中浆化,生成了浓稠的白色浆液。加入甲基叔丁基醚(240ml),形成了可流动的白色浆液。将该浆液在0℃搅拌1小时,过滤出白色固体。将该固体在烘箱中于40℃减压干燥12小时,获得了本标题化合物,53.9g,产率为89%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]7.30(5H,m),6.18(1H,br d),5.20(1H,m),3.75-3.50(2H,m),3.05(1H,br s),2.18(4H,m),2.00-1.62(7H,m).
LRMS:m/z=297(M-)
制备例17
(1S)-4,4-二氟-N-(3-氧代-1-苯基丙基)环己烷甲酰胺
在氮气氛下,将三氧化硫吡啶络合物(80.3g,0.50mol)在二氯甲烷(175mol)中浆化。加入二甲亚砜(175ml),将所得溶液冷却至0℃。缓慢地加入制备例16化合物、三乙胺(70ml,0.50mol)和二甲亚砜(88ml)在二氯甲烷(88ml)中的溶液,将温度保持在10℃以下。将所得黄色溶液在0℃搅拌2小时,直至TLC样本表明所有原料已消耗完毕。加入水(750ml),获得了两相混合物。将该混合物用甲苯(750ml)稀释,分离各层。将有机层用0.5M盐酸(750ml)和盐水(750ml)洗涤。将有机层减压浓缩,获得了棕色固体,将其不用进一步纯化直接用于实施例7。通过在乙酸乙酯∶甲基叔丁基醚(1∶5,4ml/g)中结晶来纯化该固体样品。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]9.78(1H,s)7.30(5H,m),6.15(1H,br-d),5.50(1H,m),3.05(2H,m),2.18(3H,m),2.00-1.55(6H,m).
LRMS:m/z=295(M-)
制备例18
(1S)-3-氧代-1-苯基丙基氨基甲酸苄酯
在氮气氛下,将三氧化硫吡啶络合物(965g,6.1mol)在二氯甲烷(2l)中浆化。加入二甲亚砜(2l),并将所得溶液冷却至0℃。向该反应混合物中缓慢地加入(1S)-3-羟基-1-苯基丙基氨基甲酸苄酯(577g,2.0mol)、三乙胺(845ml,6.1mol)和二甲亚砜(1l)在二氯甲烷(1ml)中的溶液,同时将温度保持在10℃以下。将所得黄色溶液在0℃搅拌2.5小时。通过TLC分析样品,结果表明所有原料都已消耗完。加入水(8.6l),获得了两相混合物。用甲苯(8.6l)稀释该混合物,并分离各层。将有机层减压浓缩,获得了棕色泡沫状物,将其不用进一步纯化直接用于制备例19。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]9.78(1H,s)7.30(5H,m),6.15(1H,br-d),5.50(1H,m),3.05(2H,m),2.18(3H,m),2.00-1.55(6H,m).
LRMS:m/z 283
制备例19
(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂
二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基丙基氨基甲酸苄酯
将制备例9标题化合物(13.5g,32mmol)在二氯甲烷(27ml)中浆化,向该反应混合物中加入制备例18标题化合物(9.93g,35mmol)在甲苯(50ml)和二氯甲烷(50ml)中的溶液,然后加入乙酸(2.7ml)。向所得溶液中分批加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(8.1g,38mmol)。将所得浆液在室温搅拌1.5小时。通过HPLC和TLC分析样本,结果证实反应已完全。加入水(27ml),然后加入2M氢氧化钠水溶液(27ml)。通过加入10M氢氧化钠水溶液将水层碱化至pH11-12,并分离各层。将有机层用1M氢氧化钠水溶液(27ml)和盐水(27ml)洗涤。将有机层减压浓缩,获得了浅棕色泡沫状物,13.3g,76%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ[ppm]1.39(6H,d),1.55-1.75(4H,m),1.84(2H,m),2.05(2H,m),2.15-2.45(6H,m),2.97(1H,m),3.36(1H,br-s),3.45(1H,br-s),4.25(1H,m),4.93(1H,br-s)5.10(2H,m)7.10-7.40(10H,m).
LRMS:m/z 502
制备例20
(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂
二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基]-1-苯基-1-丙胺
将制备例19标题化合物(309g,0.62mol)溶解在甲醇(3.11)中。加入氢氧化钯(II)(31g),并将所得浆液在345kPa(50psi)的氢气压力下搅拌12小时。取样,并通过TLC和HPLC分析,结果证实了反应已完全。将该反应混合物经由ArbocelTM(助滤剂)过滤,并用甲醇(500ml)洗涤滤饼。将该甲醇溶液浓缩,获得了本标题化合物,为白色泡沫状物,176g,78%。1H-NMR与制备例11标题化合物相同。
制备例21
8-苄基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-酮肟
将制备例4标题化合物的混合物(50g,0.23mol)溶解在工业含甲醇酒精(250ml)中。加入盐酸羟胺(17.8g,0.26mol)在水(250ml)中的溶液,导致了放热。加入碳酸氢钠(23.4g,0.28mol),观察到有轻微放热起泡。将所得溶液搅拌12小时。形成了白色固体,通过过滤收集,并在烘箱中于50℃减压干燥4小时,获得了本标题化合物,为白色固体,43.1g,产率为81%。
制备例22
苄基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-外-胺
在室温将干净的钠金属(24.3g,1.06mol)分批加到甲苯(300ml)中,并将该混合物加热回流。用15分钟将制备例5标题化合物(20.0g,87mmol)在甲苯(200ml)和戊醇(120ml)中的溶液缓慢地加到该回流的反应体系中。期间观察到释放出气体。将所得混合物加热回流2小时,以确保钠被完全消耗。形成了浓稠的白色浆液。将该反应冷却至80℃,并加入异丙醇(200ml)。将该反应冷却至室温,并加入水(700ml)。通过加入浓盐酸(140ml)将水层调节至pH1(观察到放热)。将该反应搅拌15分钟,并分离各层。向水层中加入乙酸乙酯(700ml),通过加入10M氢氧化钠水溶液(40ml)将水层调节至pH12。分离各层,将有机层减压浓缩,获得了浅黄色油状物。通过与水(200ml)共沸蒸馏来除去包含在油中的戊醇,通过与甲苯(200ml)共沸蒸馏来除去残留的水,获得了本标题化合物,为含有微量甲苯的浅黄色油状物,18.0g,产率为95%。
制备例23
外-N-(8-苄基-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-3-基)-2-甲基丙酰胺
向20升固定装置(fixed rig)中加入二氯甲烷(5l)、碳酸钠(900g)、水(8.7l)和制备例6标题化合物(1200g,5.56mol)。将所得混合物冷却至0℃。用30分钟加入异丁酰氯(700ml,6.67mol),同时将温度保持在10℃以下。将所得混合物在0℃-室温搅拌2小时。2小时后,通过HPLC分析证实了该反应已完全。分离各层,并用二氯甲烷(1.5l)洗涤水层。水层的pH为8。将合并的有机层用1M氢氧化钠水溶液(1.5l)洗涤,蒸馏除去二氯甲烷,加入乙酸乙酯至终体积为3升。将所得混合物加热回流,形成了澄清的棕色溶液。用1.5小时将该溶液冷却至25℃,然后用1小时冷却至2℃,并在室温保持30分钟。通过过滤分离出已经形成的白色固体,将滤液加到该反应器中以使粘在底部的固体流动。将温度保持在2℃。将所得浆液加到滤饼上。向反应器中加入乙酸乙酯(0.6l)以回收剩余的固体,并将该浆液加到滤饼上。将固体在烘箱中减压干燥,获得了本标题化合物,936g,产率为59%。将液体减压蒸发至总体积为1.5升,将所得棕色溶液冷却至10℃,获得了浆液。过滤出白色固体,在烘箱中减压干燥,获得了另一批本标题化合物,144g,9%。总产量:1080g,68%。
制备例24
8-苄基-3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂
二环[3.2.1]辛烷
向固定装置中加入二氯甲烷(7l)和PCl5(719g,3.45mol)。将所得浆液冷却至0℃。用30分钟加入制备例7标题化合物(760g,2.66mol)在二氯甲烷(2.5l)中的溶液,同时将温度保持在10℃以下。将所得溶液在0℃-室温搅拌2小时。将所得浅黄色溶液冷却至0℃。缓慢地加入乙酰肼(315g,4.27mol)在2-甲基-2-丁醇(约1.5l)中的溶液(通过将乙酰肼溶解在乙腈(1l)和2-甲基-2-丁醇(2l)中,并汽提除去乙腈和500ml 2-甲基-2-丁醇而制得的),同时将温度保持在10℃以下。将所得溶液在室温搅拌15小时。30分钟后,通过HPLC分析证实了反应已完全,但是方便起见仍保持。将该混合物冷却至0℃,加入2M氢氧化钠水溶液(7.5l),同时将温度保持在20℃以下。用10M氢氧化钠水溶液(约0.5l)将水层调节至pH9。分离各层,用二氯甲烷(1l)洗涤水层。将合并的有机层减压蒸发,获得了2-甲基-2-丁醇浓缩物(约2.5l)。加入乙酸乙酯(1.5l)和乙酸(200ml)。将所得溶液在80℃加热30分钟。将该溶液冷却至室温并保持过夜。将该溶液冷却至0℃,并用2M氢氧化钠水溶液(2l)将该混合物碱化至pH12。分离各层,用乙酸乙酯(1l)洗涤水层。将合并的有机层减压浓缩至约2升,加入庚烷(2l),并将该混合物减压蒸发至约3升。加入庚烷(1.5l)和乙酸乙酯(300ml),并将该混合物加热回流。将该溶液冷却至20℃,保持1小时,冷却至0℃,保持2小时。形成了白色固体,将其过滤,在烘箱中于40℃减压干燥过夜,获得了本标题化合物,622g,产率为72%。
制备例25
3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)-外-8-氮杂二环
[3.2.1]辛烷对甲苯磺酸盐
将制备例8标题化合物(600g,1.85mol)和对甲苯磺酸盐一水合物(351g,1.85mol)溶解在甲醇(3l)中。加入10% w/w披钯碳(60g)。将该混合物在345kPa(50psi)的氢气压力下于室温搅拌12小时。取样,HPLC分析表明反应已完全。将该反应混合物经由ArbocelTM(助滤剂)过滤,用甲醇(500ml)洗涤滤饼。将甲醇减压蒸发,并将所得棕色油状物溶解在热的异丙醇(1.8l)中。将该溶液在室温粒化12小时,然后在0℃粒化2小时。过滤出白色固体,真空干燥12小时,获得了本标题化合物,623g,产率为83%。
生物活性
按照Combadiere等人,J.Leukoc.Biol.60,147-52(1996)的方法(上文所述),在CCR5结合测定中测试实施例1-5化合物。结果发现,所有这些测试化合物的IC50值都低于10nM。
附录1
从实施例4和6分离的A型和B型多晶型物的PXRD数据
已经发现,通过实施例4和6的方法制得的N-{(1S)-3-[3-(3-异丙基-5-甲基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基]-外-8-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛-8-基}-1-苯基丙基}-4,4-二氟环己烷甲酰胺以称为A型和B型的两种多晶型物形式存在。使用Cerius2 Diffraction-Crystal Module由单晶结构计算涉及d-间距和相对强度的PXRD(粉末X-射线衍射)图案模拟(simulation)。模拟参数是:
波长=1.54178_
偏振因子=0.5
晶体尺寸=500×500×500_
洛伦兹峰形状
模拟的PXRD图案的主要峰(以2-θ度数表示)列在下表中。
本领域技术人员应当理解,虽然表中的不同峰的相对强度可由于多种因素包括晶体在X-射线束中的定向效应、所测定样本的纯度或样本的结晶度而变化,但是峰位置将保持在基本上如表中所限定的位置上。
本领域技术人员还应当理解,使用不同X-射线束波长进行的测定将导致峰位置依据Bragg方程发生移动。使用不同波长产生的这样的PXRD图案视为是本发明晶体物质的PXRD图案的其它表示,并因此包括在本发明范围内。
A型的峰列表
角 强度2-θ % | 角 强度2-θ % | 角 强度2-θ % | 角 强度2-θ % |
7.926 12.88.350 100.09.497 18.610.743 9.210.852 12.611.652 20.313.457 29.413.705 26.714.116 25.814.249 50.515.194 6.715.959 14.516.536 33.416.658 21.017.125 22.717.637 36.9 | 18.081 87.718.410 26.118.866 24.620.052 14.120.368 37.920.675 7.821.301 5.221.998 45.422.439 57.022.724 12.923.268 16.923.718 10.223.903 8.324.051 6.225.003 11.225.280 7.0 | 25.420 7.427.152 18.727.689 13.027.827 10.228.492 3.228.788 5.229.562 8.630.018 6.630.390 9.530.638 6.931.262 5.131.454 4.632.280 5.233.052 2.933.315 3.633.680 4.2 | 34.133 2.935.210 2.835.712 2.336.363 3.736.584 3.337.112 6.637.552 4.538.777 3.840.755 4.141.480 4.642.142 4.442.916 2.743.888 4.844.260 5.044.779 4.8 |
B型的峰列表
角2-θ | 强度% | 角2-θ | 强度% | 角2-θ | 强度% | 角2-θ | 强度% |
7.622 | 1.4 | 20.712 | 13.1 | 29.009 | 9.6 | 36.634 | 8.0 |
9.561 | 5.0 | 21.697 | 8.5 | 29.588 | 3.2 | 36.986 | 4.0 |
9.992 | 43.3 | 22.406 | 23.8 | 30.137 | 6.6 | 37.635 | 2.9 |
11.194 | 47.6 | 23.037 | 27.3 | 30.373 | 6.3 | 38.255 | 4.5 |
11.528 | 24.0 | 23.138 | 27.5 | 30.726 | 9.2 | 38.442 | 4.8 |
12.619 | 47.9 | 23.826 | 4.4 | 31.338 | 8.9 | 39.064 | 5.1 |
14.156 | 44.8 | 23.983 | 4.1 | 31.824 | 14.2 | 39.391 | 3.4 |
15.052 | 51.2 | 24.484 | 5.3 | 32.351 | 4.5 | 39.792 | 3.9 |
15.28 | 27.0 | 24.691 | 6.4 | 33.105 | 2.4 | 40.540 | 2.1 |
16.041 | 64.8 | 25.181 | 10.3 | 33.470 | 2.5 | 40.985 | 6.5 |
16.371 | 40.6 | 25.358 | 8.7 | 33.685 | 2.5 | 42.126 | 3.7 |
17.070 | 36.1 | 25.928 | 10.6 | 34.032 | 6.7 | 42.397 | 4.3 |
17.360 | 78.0 | 26.390 | 7.2 | 34.447 | 2.5 | 42.983 | 2.5 |
18.046 | 66.6 | 26.696 | 13.2 | 35.131 | 9.0 | 43.328 | 3.4 |
18.946 | 23.9 | 27.301 | 3.5 | 35.643 | 3.9 | 44.219 | 3.6 |
19.202 | 16.1 | 27.864 | 5.1 | 35.812 | 4.0 | 44.690 | 5.5 |
20.088 | 100.0 | 28.498 | 10.8 | 36.239 | 4.0 |
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CN103497164A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-01-08 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种蒽衍生物及其制备方法 |
CN103497164B (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-12-23 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种蒽衍生物及其制备方法 |
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