CN1551796A - 清洁隔膜模块的方法 - Google Patents

清洁隔膜模块的方法 Download PDF

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CN1551796A
CN1551796A CNA028174607A CN02817460A CN1551796A CN 1551796 A CN1551796 A CN 1551796A CN A028174607 A CNA028174607 A CN A028174607A CN 02817460 A CN02817460 A CN 02817460A CN 1551796 A CN1551796 A CN 1551796A
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�鸻��
查富芳
J
安东尼·J·斯塔布斯
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Abstract

一种清洁隔膜过滤模块(6)的方法，该模块(6)包括位于装供料容器(7)中的至少一个隔膜(8)，该隔膜(8)具有可渗透的壁，该壁进行过滤操作，其中，包含污染物的供料供给隔膜壁的一侧，滤出液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出。该方法包括以下步骤：暂停该过滤操作；对隔膜壁进行清洁处理，以便将污染物从该隔膜壁上清除至环绕该隔膜(8)的液体中；进行装供料容器(7)的高速清洗，以便除去包括该清除的污染物的液体；以及重新开始过滤操作。本发明还公开了一种改进的气体冲洗方法。

Description

清洁隔膜模块的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种隔膜过滤系统，尤其是涉及一种通过提供用于隔膜的改进清洁系统而提高该隔膜过滤系统的过滤效率的方法和装置。
背景技术
在说明书中对现有技术的任何说明都不能视为申请人认可该现有技术为本领域公知，或者形成本领域公知常识的一部分。
在隔膜过滤处理中，用于物理清洁隔膜的方法非常重要。高效隔膜清洁策略可以使该隔膜保持稳定的渗透性，并减小化学清洁的频率。物理清洁隔膜通常采用的方法是用渗透液/滤出液或气体进行回洗(也称为“回冲”或“回冲洗”)。回洗方法通常用于推出阻塞隔膜孔的固体，并部分除去可能形成于隔膜表面上的结块。
用增压气体回洗已经证明是非常高效的清洁方法，目前广泛用于微过滤处理领域。该方法的限制是隔膜孔的尺寸。用渗透液进行隔膜回洗并不受到孔的尺寸的限制，但是回洗效率通常低于气体回洗，且可透性膜压(TMP)恢复并不足以补偿污垢率。还采用其它方式来提高回洗效率，例如向回洗渗透液施加一定剂量的化学药剂，或者与气体洗涤组合。
Maruyama等在日本专利No.JP2031200中公开了一种空心纤维隔膜回洗方法。该方法涉及以下步骤：停止过滤；空气冲洗隔膜；充满隔膜容器；在增压空气作用下利用渗透液回洗；以及排出废物。重复进行该过程，以便获得更高效率。Sunaoka等在美国专利No.5209852中公开了一种用于洗涤模块中的空心纤维隔膜的方法。该方法包括两级空气洗涤和排出，以便清洁隔膜。
已经进行了大量努力，以便通过优化回洗压力和提高空气洗涤效率来更有效地除去累积在隔膜表面上和孔中的固体。实现高效清洁的另一重要步骤是从隔膜模块中除去成片状从隔膜上脱落的固体，这经常被忽略。目前使用的普通方法是通过排空废物或通过供给和放出。供给和放出涉及将包含废物的供给物的废物连续放出过滤系统。结果是使固体积累在模块内，尤其是靠近模块的两端处，当隔膜密集地装入模块中时，该情况更严重。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服或者至少改善上述现有技术的一个或多个缺点，或者至少提供一种有用的可选方案。
根据一个方面，本发明提供了一种清洁隔膜过滤模块的方法，所述模块包括位于装供料容器中的至少一个隔膜，该隔膜具有可渗透的壁，该壁进行过滤操作，其中，包含污染物的供料施加在隔膜壁的一侧，滤出液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)暂停该过滤操作；
b)对隔膜壁进行清洁处理，以便将污染物从该隔膜壁上清除至环绕该隔膜的液体中；
c)进行装供料容器的高速清洗，以便除去包括该清除的污染物的液体；以及
d)重新开始过滤操作。
优选是，步骤b)的清洁处理包括隔膜孔的流体回洗。优选是，流体回洗包括液体和/或气体回洗。更优选是，清洁处理包括隔膜表面的气体洗涤。
优选是，在该清洁方法的操作过程中，在容器内沿不同方向周期性执行装供料容器的清洗。
污染物可以包括固体、可溶颗粒或其它材料，它们将在过滤处理过程中从供料中除去。
附图的简要说明
下面将通过实例并参考附图介绍本发明的优选实施例的实例，附图中：
图1表示了根据本发明一个实施例的隔膜模块组件的示意图；
图2a至2d表示了根据本发明，图1的隔膜模块在隔膜清洁步骤过程中的示意图；
图3表示了图1的模块的、可透性膜压(TMP)相对时间的曲线图，表示了各个回洗方式的清洁效率；
图4表示了图1的模块的、可透性膜压(TMP)相对时间的曲线图，表示了在隔膜清洁中高速清洗的效果；
图5表示了根据本发明另一实施例的隔膜模块的示意图；以及
图6表示了图5的模块的、可透性膜压(TMP)相对时间的曲线图，表示了在洗涤效率中气体注射的效果。
优选实施例和实例的说明
在优选实施例中，部分或完全根据供给水的质量，隔膜清洁方式可以包括一种或多种回洗方法的组合。
回洗或喷出，或者两者的组合可以有用除去堵塞隔膜的孔的固体。
回洗通常通过迫使滤出液沿与过滤相反的方向通过隔膜孔而实现。回洗流量通常为过滤流量的50-500％的范围内，更通常是在过滤流量的100-300％的范围内。
喷出是通过在过滤容器中产生快速和突然的减压而从隔膜孔中除去固体的方法。在该方法中，隔膜的两侧(供给侧和渗透液侧)首先增压至特定值。然后打开在供给侧的排出阀，以便产生瞬时负可透性膜压(TMP)。然后，在隔膜孔中的固体通过该瞬时负TMP而喷出。如后面所述，在一个实施例中，喷出也可以结合在高速清洗步骤中。
从隔膜壁中除去积累的固体的另一方法是利用气体冲洗，以便使片状固体从隔膜表面脱落。该方法利用气泡经过隔膜表面，以便获得高效洗涤。气体冲洗广泛用于这样的隔膜过滤处理，其中，吸力施加在隔膜壁的渗透液侧以便引起过滤。对于增压隔膜过滤系统，气体洗涤通过将气体(通常为空气)注入隔膜模块的底端，同时从上端抽吸渗透液而实现，如日本专利No.JP2031200以及美国专利No.5209852所述。
在回洗步骤之后，从隔膜中除去的固体通常通过排空废物而从模块中除去。在正常排空的过程中的速度由容器中的液体的重力来限制。这样产生的剪切力较弱，可能不会高到足以将积累的固体从模块中冲走和/或使固体从隔膜表面上剥离。在具有很高纤维装入密度的空心纤维隔膜模块中，该情况更明显。
参考图1和2，下面将介绍模块清洁的一个优选实施例。
图1表示了隔膜模块组件5。空心纤维隔膜模块6位于容器7内。在本实例中，模块6包括大量的多孔空心纤维隔膜8，纤维的端部分别开口于上部和底部的渗透液收集集管9和10。过滤通过向纤维的外壁供料且由纤维内腔吸出渗透液来进行。滤出液/渗透液通过分别与集管9和10相连的口11和12而从模块6的两端除去。供料进入口13和14以及废物排出口15和16分别布置在容器7的上端和底端。阀AV1和AV2控制供料流向口13和14，而阀AV8和AV5控制冲洗气体的流动。从集管9和10流出的滤出液或渗透液流由阀AV3和AV4控制，同时流向这些集管的回洗流由阀AV7和AV4控制。阀AV5和AV6控制废物从口15和16的排出。
下面将参考图2a至2d介绍该处理的步骤。
步骤1：过滤。在普通的死端过滤处理中，阀AV1-4打开。原始供给水通过阀AV1和AV2供给，进入上部和下部进入口13和14，同时渗透液从模块6的顶部和底部口11和12抽出(最好如图2(a)所示)。
步骤2：空气冲洗。在过滤步骤结束时，阀AV1-4关闭，然后打开上部排出阀和气体进入阀AV8。再通过阀AV8和下部口14将气体(通常为空气)引入模块6内，以便冲洗隔膜，如图2(b)所示。
步骤3：通过回洗而增压。当气体冲洗停止时，阀AV5和AV8关闭。容器7仍然部分装有气体和水。渗透液回洗通过打开阀AV4和AV7而开始。在回洗过程中，容器7中的压力逐渐增大，从而使容器7内的剩余气体增压(见图2(c))，并最终使隔膜壁两侧的压力相等。因此，在容器7中形成增压气体囊。
另一种生成这样的气体囊的方法是，在过滤步骤1结束时或者在步骤2的气体冲洗之后，使液体废物排空或部分排空。这时，将花费较长时间来增压气体，并消耗更多渗透液，但是将获得更高的平均清洗速度。清洗速度合适的是大于0.03m/sec，优选是在0.3m/sec至2.0m/sec。
步骤4：喷出和高速清洗(图2(d))。当渗透液侧的压力接近隔膜壁的供给侧的压力时(该压力也是回洗泵的最大排出压力)，阀AV6打开。这时将产生横跨隔膜壁的瞬时负TMP，这形成隔膜孔的第二次回洗。同时，形成于供给侧的高压气体囊快速膨胀，并通过口16将固体高速清洗出隔膜模块。高速清洗也可以产生很高的剪切力，从而有助于将片状固体从隔膜表面剥离。可以获得的最大负TMP以及清洗速度取决于排出管路的阻力以及隔膜的渗透液侧的压力。在快速排出结束后，回洗泵停止，阀AV6和AV7关闭。然后返回开始过滤的步骤。
上述处理将产生喷出效果以及使容器7快速排空。因此，可以获得很好的清洁效率。其它获得高速清洗的方式可以包括：使用供给泵，以便传送清洗流；或者利用向装有模块的容器或外部容器施加压缩空气/气体，以便获得高速清洗。当由于模块结构而很难在装供料的容器中形成增压气体气泡时，可以使用外部容器。在该结构中，包含气体的区域在与所述装供料的容器相连的另一容器中。在进行所述清洁步骤后，将装供料的容器和该另一容器密封成一整体，施加在包含气体的区域内的气体上的压力使所述气体增压，然后，通过向大气打开装供料的容器而释放该压力，从而使增压气体膨胀，并形成对装供料的容器的所述高速清洗。外部容器也可以选择通过阀与装供料的容器连接，并装有增压气体和/或液体，该增压气体和/液体将通过打开阀而释放到装供料的容器内，以便产生高速清洗。
实现高效清洗的另一方法是不时改变清洗分析(向上和向下清洗)。沿一个方向清洗的时间以及清洗方向的改变频率取决于模块结构、供水质量和过滤系统的工作状态。
应当知道，上述清洁隔膜的方法也可以用于从里向外的过滤处理、通过抽吸和其它类型隔膜的过滤，包括平板、管形、螺旋缠绕以及其它结构。
利用不同的清洁方式进行了多个实验。这些实验将在后面介绍。
实例1：短期实验
表面面积为33m2(基于OD)的空心纤维隔膜以图1中所示的方法安装。通过增压模块的壳体侧10分钟而进行过滤，且流量为52L/m2/hr。供水质量较差，浑浊度为35NTU。在过滤结束时，开始进行隔膜清洁过程。采用了以下清洁策略，并在图3中比较了清洁效率。
策略1：只进行渗透液回洗。清洁规程包括只用渗透液以3.2m3/hr的流量回洗15秒。通过从下部进入口以3.5m3/hr的流量泵送供水并通过阀AV5清洗模块38秒，从而除去固体。在每次回洗后，TMP保持升高，表明回洗效率较差。
策略2：空气冲洗和渗透液回洗。该清洁策略包括预先以8m3/hr的空气流量预通风15秒，然后以类似于策略1的方式进行渗透液回洗，再加上继续通风15秒。如策略1中那样，通过正常清洗除去固体。在该清洁后TMP降低，且获得更好的清洁效率。
策略3：高速清洗。顺序是空气冲洗15秒，通过重力排完废物(5秒)，在壳体侧阀关闭且渗透液侧的压力达到480kPa的情况下进行渗透液回洗(20秒)，然后打开排出阀，以便实现喷出和高速清洗(10秒)。图3表示该高速清洗进一步恢复TMP，并除去隔膜上的污垢。高速清洗不仅能够从模块上除去积累的固体，而且还冲洗隔膜表面。
策略4：类似于策略3，其中时间比例稍微不同：通过重力排出10秒，回洗和增压30秒，随后高速清洗5秒。记录到与策略3类似的效果。
重复上述策略，结果表明，在从模块上除去积累的固体时，高速清洗很有效。
实例2：对高速(HV)清洗效果的扩展实验
在与实例1相同的试验机器和相同地点进行扩展实验。采用组合了空气冲洗和渗透液回洗的策略(实例1中的策略2)来清洁隔膜。隔膜的污染表现为在恒定流量工作处理中TMP升高。TMP变化曲线记录在数据记录装置上，图4表示了TMP曲线。在3天后(10月30日-11月2日)，TMP升高5.5kPa。然后，控制程序改变成每工作8小时进行一次高速清洗(实例1中的策略4)。在以后的6天中，TMP相当稳定，只记录到升高1kPa。在11月8日，停止该特殊高速清洗，TMP在没有快速清洗的情况下很快增大。扩展实验再次表明了高速清洗在隔膜清洁中的效果。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种改进的气体冲洗方法，其中，渗透液从模块的两端抽出。根据该方面，提供了一种清洁隔膜过滤模块的方法，所述模块包括位于装供料容器中的至少一个细长隔膜，该隔膜具有可渗透的壁，该壁进行过滤操作，其中，包含污染物的供料供给隔膜壁的一侧，滤出液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)暂停该过滤操作；
b)通过使气泡沿隔膜壁的一侧流动而将污染物从所述隔膜壁上清除至环绕隔膜的液体中，所述气泡由通过在装供料容器中的开口供给所述装供料容器中的气体形成。
优选是，该开口位于隔膜的侧部。
在现有技术中，只是使气体或空气通过底部口引入模块中，使渗透液从顶端引入。这种模块结构的详情如美国专利No.6156200中所述。
在上述实例1和2中，我们已经说明当渗透液从两端抽吸时将气体引入模块内。图5表示了模块结构和用于可选气体注入的口。在该结构中，口12通过阀AV9与气源连接，并除去通过阀AV4的回洗管路。渗透液通过口11从一端抽出。
有两种选择方式来将气体引入模块7中。第一选择是通过口12将气体引入模块的底罐中。也可选择，气体可以通过壳体的侧供给口14而注入。该方法使得气体冲洗可以用于当渗透液从模块的两端抽出时的情况。图6比较了将气体注入口12或14时的TMP曲线。在相同的工作状态下，将气体注入不同的口不会对气体洗涤效率产生明显影响。
应当知道，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，本发明可以有其它实施例和实施方式。

Claims (24)

1.一种清洁隔膜过滤模块的方法，所述模块包括位于装供料容器中的至少一个隔膜，该隔膜具有可渗透的壁，该壁进行过滤操作，其中，包含污染物的供料施加在隔膜壁的一侧，滤出液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)暂停该过滤操作；
b)对隔膜壁进行清洁处理，以便将污染物从该隔膜壁上清除至环绕该隔膜的液体中；
c)进行装供料容器的高速清洗，以便除去包括该清除的污染物的液体；以及
d)重新开始过滤操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：步骤b)的清洁处理包括隔膜孔的流体回洗。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中：流体回洗包括液体回洗。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其中：流体回洗包括气体回洗。
5.根据前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，其中：高速清洗的速度大于大约0.03m/sec。
6.根据前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，其中：高速清洗的速度在大约0.3m/sec至大约2.0m/sec之间。
7.根据前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，其中：清洁处理包括隔膜壁表面的气体洗涤。
8.根据前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，其中：在进行该清洁方法期间，在容器内沿不同方向周期性执行装供料容器的高速清洗。
9.根据前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，其中：隔膜是空心纤维隔膜，滤出液在过滤操作过程中从空心纤维隔膜的一端或两端抽出。
10.根据前述任意一个权利要求所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
a)在所述清洁步骤之后，在所述装供料容器中形成包含气体的区域；
b)密封该装供料容器；
c)向包含气体的区域内的气体施压，以便使所述气体增压；
d)通过向大气打开装供料容器而释放所述压力，从而使增压气体膨胀，并形成对装供料容器的所述高速清洗。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任意一个所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
e)在与所述装供料容器相连的另一容器内提供包含气体的区域；
f)在所述清洁步骤之后，将该装供料容器和该连接的另一容器密封成一整体；
g)向包含气体的区域内的气体施压，以便使所述气体增压；
h)通过向大气打开装供料容器而释放所述压力，从而使增压气体膨胀，并形成对装供料容器的所述高速清洗。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中：所述包含气体的区域通过局部排出在所述装供料容器中的供给流体而形成。
13.根据权利要求10或12所述的方法，其中：步骤c)包括向所述隔膜施加流体回洗。
14.根据权利要求1至9中任意一个所述的方法，其中：通过将增压气体源施加给所述装供料容器中的液体而形成所述高速清洗。
15.根据权利要求1至9中任意一个所述的方法，还包括：提供与所述装供料容器相连的另一容器，其中通过将增压气体源施加给所述另一容器而形成所述高速清洗。
16.根据权利要求1至9中任意一个所述的方法，其中：通过将液体泵送至所述装供料容器内或从该装供料容器中泵出来进行所述高速清洗。
17.一种清洁隔膜过滤模块的方法，所述模块包括位于装供料容器中的至少一个细长隔膜，该隔膜具有可渗透的壁，该壁进行过滤操作，其中，包含污染物的供料供给隔膜壁的一侧，滤出液从隔膜壁的另一侧抽出，该方法包括以下步骤：
c)暂停该过滤操作；
d)通过使气泡沿隔膜壁的一侧流动而将污染物从所述隔膜壁上清除至环绕隔膜的液体中，所述气泡通过经在容器中的开口把气体供给到所述装供料容器中而形成。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中：该开口位于隔膜的侧部。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的方法，其中：该开口提供了在所述过滤操作过程中通向所述装供料容器的供料进口。
20.根据权利要求17至19中任意一个所述的方法，其中：所述气体在压力下供给到所述装供料容器中。
21.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中：所述气体洗涤包括通过使气泡沿隔膜壁的一侧流动而将污染物从所述隔膜壁上清除至环绕隔膜的液体中，所述气泡通过经在容器中的开口把气体供给到所述装供料容器中而形成。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中：该开口位于隔膜的侧部。
23.根据权利要求21或22所述的方法，其中：该开口提供了在所述过滤操作过程中通向所述装供料容器的供料进口。
24.根据权利要求21至23中任意一个所述的方法，其中：所述气体在压力下供给到所述装供料容器中。
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CN103347595B (zh) * 2011-02-10 2016-01-20 克鲁塞尔荷兰公司 气动交变压力膜细胞分离系统
CN104220384A (zh) * 2012-03-27 2014-12-17 美得华水务株式会社 横置型膜过滤装置
CN104220384B (zh) * 2012-03-27 2016-01-13 美得华水务株式会社 横置型膜过滤装置

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