CN1437608A - O-芳基葡糖苷sglt2抑制剂和方法 - Google Patents
O-芳基葡糖苷sglt2抑制剂和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1437608A CN1437608A CN01807538A CN01807538A CN1437608A CN 1437608 A CN1437608 A CN 1437608A CN 01807538 A CN01807538 A CN 01807538A CN 01807538 A CN01807538 A CN 01807538A CN 1437608 A CN1437608 A CN 1437608A
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Abstract
本发明提供式(I)化合物,其中Y是式(a)或杂芳基;A是O(CH2)m、S、NH(CH2)m或者(CH2)n,其中n是0-3,m是0-2;R1-R6按本发明中定义。还提供单独应用SGLT2抑制量的上述化合物或者与1、2或更多种其它抗糖尿病药和/或1、2或更多种降低血脂药联合应用,治疗糖尿病或相关疾病的方法。
Description
本发明涉及作为存在于肠和肾中的钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白(SGLT2)的抑制剂的O-芳基葡糖苷,以及单独应用这类O-芳基葡糖苷或者与1、2或更多种其它类型抗糖尿病药和/或1、2或更多种其它类型治疗剂(如降血脂药)联合应用,治疗糖尿病,尤其是II型糖尿病以及高血糖、高胰岛素血症、肥胖症、高甘油三酯血症、X综合症、糖尿病并发症、动脉粥样硬化和相关疾病的方法。
世界上大约有1亿人患有II型糖尿病(NIDDM),其特征是由于肝内葡萄糖的过度产生以及外周胰岛素抵抗而引起的血糖过高,其根本原因目前尚未得知。据认为高血糖是糖尿病并发症产生的主要危险因素,并很可能直接与晚期NIDDM中发现的胰岛素分泌损伤有关。可以预测,NIDDM患者中血浆葡萄糖的正常化会改善胰岛素的作用,并能遏止糖尿病并发症的发展。期望肾内的钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白SGLT2的抑制剂通过增加葡萄糖的排泄,帮助血浆葡萄糖水平的正常化,以及也许有助于体重的正常化。
为补充现有疗法,还要求研制新的、安全和口服的活性抗糖尿病剂,包括磺酰脲、噻唑烷二酮、二甲双胍和胰岛素,并且与这些其它药物结合应用,避免潜在的副作用。
高血糖是II型糖尿病(NIDDM)的标志;稳定控制糖尿病的血浆葡萄糖水平能遏止糖尿病并发症的发展与晚期疾病中可见的β细胞衰退。血浆葡萄糖正常情况下在肾中肾小球内过滤,并在近端小管小管被主动吸收。SGLT2看来是该部位负责葡萄糖重吸收的主要转运蛋白。SGLT特异性抑制剂根皮苷或其密切相关的类似物可通过促进葡萄糖的排泄,抑制糖尿病啮齿类动物和狗的这种再吸收过程,使血浆葡萄糖水平正常化,而没有低血糖的副作用。已报道用SGLT2抑制剂长期(6个月)治疗Zucker糖尿病大鼠,可改善对血糖的胰岛素反应,改善胰岛素敏感性,并延迟这些动物的肾病和神经病的发生,同时对肾没有可检测到的病症,并且对血浆没有电解质失衡作用。可以预期,选择性抑制糖尿病患者的SGLT2,可通过增强尿中葡萄糖的排泄而使血浆葡萄糖正常化,因此改善胰岛素敏感性,并延迟糖尿病并发症的发生。
90%肾内葡萄糖的再吸收发生在肾皮质近端小管开始的S1节段的上皮细胞内,SGLT2可能是负责这种再吸收的主要转运蛋白。SGLT2是含有14个跨膜区段的672个氨基酸的蛋白质,它主要表达在肾近端小管开始的S1节段上。SGLT2的底物特异性、钠依赖性和定位与先前表征的人肾皮质近端小管的高容量、低亲和性、钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白的性质相一致。另外,杂交体耗竭研究暗示,SGLT2为近端小管S1节段中主要的Na+/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白,原因是实际上大鼠肾皮质的mRNA中编码的所有钠依赖性葡萄糖转运活性都可被对大鼠SGLT2具有特异性的反义寡核苷酸抑制。SGLT2是某些家族性葡糖尿形式的候选基因,家族性葡糖尿是一种肾葡萄糖再吸收具有不同程度损伤的遗传性异常。迄今所调查的这些综合征尚未作图至染色体16上的SGLT2基因座。但是,对高度同源的啮齿类动物SGLT的研究暗示:SGLT2为葡萄糖的主要的肾中钠依赖性转运蛋白,并提示,已作图的葡尿基因座编码一种SGLT2调节剂。可以预言,抑制SGLT2可通过增强糖尿病患者葡萄糖的排泄来降低血浆葡萄糖水平。
SGLT1,是另一种钠依赖性葡萄糖协同转运蛋白,它在氨基酸水平上60%与SGLT2相同,其表达在小肠和肾近端小管更远侧的S3节段中。尽管人SGLT1和SGLT2的序列相似,但是它们在生物化学上存在差别。对于SGLT1,Na+和所转运的葡萄糖的摩尔比为2∶1,而对于SGLT2,该比率为1∶1。SGLT1和SGLT2对于Na+的Km分别为32mM和250-300mM。SGLT1和SGLT2对于葡萄糖和非金属化葡萄糖类似物α-甲基-D-吡喃葡萄苷(AMG)摄取的Km值类似,即SGLT1和SGLT2转运蛋白的值分别为0.8和1.6mM(葡萄糖)以及0.4和1.6mM(AMG)。但是,这两种转运蛋白在其糖(如半乳糖)的底物特异性上不同,半乳糖只是SGLT1的底物。
在几种糖尿病啮齿动物模型和一种糖尿病犬模型中,给予根皮苷-一种SGLT活性的特异性抑制剂,可促进葡萄糖排泄、降低禁食血浆葡萄糖和摄血浆葡萄糖以及促进葡萄糖的利用,同时没有低血糖副作用,这为体内理论提供了证据。用根皮苷治疗长达两周,结果并未发现对血浆离子平衡、肾功能或肾形态学有副作用。另外,当给给予正常动物根皮苷时,尽管存在葡糖尿,但并未观察到低血糖或其它副作用。已报道在肥胖NIDDM大鼠模型中,给予肾SGLT抑制剂达6个月(Tanabe Seiyaku)能改善禁食血浆葡萄糖和摄食血浆葡萄糖、改善胰岛素的分泌和利用,并能遏止肾病和神经病的发生,同时没有低血糖或肾副作用的发生。
作为口服药物,根皮苷本身并不引人注意,原因是它是非特异性SGLT1/SGLT2抑制剂,可在肠内水解为其糖苷配基-根皮苷配基,后者是易化葡萄糖转运的有效抑制剂。由于认为易化葡萄糖转运蛋白的抑制剂可能加重外周胰岛素抵抗并促进CNS中的低血糖,所以目前这样的抑制(GLUT)是不合要求的。抑制SGLT1还可能产生严重的副作用,遗传性葡萄糖/半乳糖吸收障碍(GGM)综合症说明了这一点,其中SGLT1协同转运蛋白的突变引起肠内葡萄糖吸收受损以及威胁生命的腹泻和脱水。SGLT2和SGLT1之间的生物化学差别以及它们之间序列趋异的程度可供鉴定选择性SGLT2抑制剂之用。
家族性葡糖尿综合症是肠内葡萄糖转运以及肾内其它离子和氨基酸转运正常的病症。尽管有时葡萄糖排泄水平相当高(110-114g/日),但家族性葡糖尿患者看来发育正常,具有正常的血浆葡萄糖水平,并且似乎未因其疾病而呈现大的健康缺陷。这些患者中明显的主要症状包括贪食、多尿和极度善渴,肾在结构和功能上似乎正常。因此,从迄今现有的事实中发现,在其它方面正常的个体中,葡萄糖的肾再吸收的缺陷似乎具有极小的长期负面后果。
下列参考文献公开了用于治疗糖尿病的O-芳基葡糖苷SGLT2抑制剂。
EP 598359A1(也是JP 035988)(Tanabe Seiyaku)公开了具有以下结构A的化合物。R1=H,酰基R2=H,MeR4,R4可以是各种取代基EP 0850948A1公开了具有以下类别
B结构的化合物。R1=H,酰基,CO(O烷基)R2=H,烯丙基R3=H或Me
JP 09188625A结构
B上进行了扩展,以包括其中R3是H、其中该5元环是饱和环的
B的实施例以及苯并噻吩(O=S)和茚(O=CH2)的对应物。R1=H,酰基,CO(O烷基)R2=H,烯丙基R3=H或Me
JP 09124685A在R3=H的结构
B上进行了扩展,以,包括C6羟基单酰基化的衍生物,其中该酰基是取代的苯甲酸或吡啶羧酸或由对应的酚产生的尿烷。R1=H,酰基芳基,CO(O烷基)R2=HJP 09124684公开了结构
B的衍生物。EP 773226-A1公开了结构
B的衍生物。如果R2=H,则R1=烷酰基如果R1=H,则R2=烷氧羰基
JP 08027006-A公开了结构
A的衍生物,其中将各种葡萄糖羟基的各种组合酰基化,与EP 598359A1类似。
EP 684454-A1包括JP 09188625A中公开的结构
B的衍生物。
其它公开SGLT2抑制剂的公开物和出版物如下:
K.Tsujihara等,Chem.Pharm.Bull.44,1174-1180(1996)
M.Hongu等,Chem.Pharm.Bull.46,22-23(1998)
M.Hongu等,Chem.Pharm.Bull.46,1545-1555(1998)
A.oku等,Diabetes.48,1794-1800(1999)
JP 10245391(Dainippon)公开了用于治疗糖尿病的作为降血糖剂的500个结构化合物。它们是羟基化香豆素的O-葡糖苷。
以下所示为公开O-芳基葡糖苷结构的其它参考文献,它们与本发明公开的类别密切相关:
发明的描述
本发明提供一种具有下式结构I的O-芳基葡糖苷化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、其所有的立体异构体及其所有的前药酯:其中
当Y是或者杂芳基时;
R1、R2、R3和R4相同或不同,独立选自氢、OH、OR7、低级烷基或卤素,或者R1、R2、R3和R4中的两个与其相连的碳原子一起可形成稠合的5、6或7元碳环或杂环,其在环中可含有1-4个为N、O、S、SO和/或SO2的杂原子;
R5和R6相同或不同,独立选自氢、OH、OR7a、-O芳基、-OCH2芳基、低级烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、CF3、芳基链烯基、-OCHF2、-OCF3、卤素、-CN、-CO2R7b、-CO2H、COR8f、CHOHR8g、CH(OR7h)R8h、-CONR8R8a、-NHCOR7c、-NHSO2R7d、-NHSO2芳基、-SR7e、-SOR7f、-SO2R7g、-SO2芳基、-OCH2CO2R7i、-OCH2CO2H、-OCH2CONR8bR8c、-OCH2CH2NR8dR8e、或者在环中可含有1-4个为N、O、S、SO和/或SO2的杂原子的5、6或7元杂环,或者R5和R6与其相连的碳原子一起形成稠合的5、6或7元碳环或杂环,其在环中可含有1-4个为N、O、S、SO和/或SO2的杂原子;
R7、R7a、R7b、R7c、R7d、R7e、R7f、R7g、R7h和R7i独立是低级烷基;
R8、R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d、R8e、R8f、R8g和R8h相同或不同,独立选自氢、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、环烷基,或者与其相连的氮原子一起形成在环中可含有1-4个为N、O、S、SO和/或SO2的杂原子的稠合的5、6或7元杂环;
A是O(CH2)m、S、NH(CH2)m或者(CH2)n,其中n是0-3,m是0-2。
以上定义的本发明式I化合物还包括下列条件:其中A是CH2并且Y是以及
1)当R1是OH,R3是烷基时,R1、R4、R5和R6至少其中之一不是氢,并且4-R6优选不是氢;
2)当R2和R3是OH时,R1、R4、R5和R6至少其中之一不是氢,并且4-R6优选不是氢;
3)当R2是甲基,R5是OH,R6是烷基时,R1、R3和R4至少其中之一不是氢;以及
4)当R2是氯时,R1、R3、R4、R5和R6至少其中之一不是氢,并且4-R6优选不是氢。
在式I化合物中,其中A是O(CH2)m或NH(CH2)m,杂原子O或N与直接与葡糖苷部分连接的芳基环相连。
本发明式I化合物具有作为存在于哺乳动物肠和肾中的钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白的抑制剂的活性,可用于治疗糖尿病和糖尿病的微血管和大血管性并发症,如视网膜病、神经病、肾病和伤口愈合。
本发明提供式I化合物、利用这些化合物的药用组合物以及应用这些化合物的方法。
另外,本发明提供一种治疗下述疾病和提高高密度脂蛋白水平的方法:糖尿病,尤其是II型糖尿病以及相关疾病,包括糖尿病并发症,包括视网膜病、神经病、肾病和伤口愈合,以及相关疾病如胰岛素抵抗、高血糖、高胰岛素血症、X综合症、脂肪酸或甘油的血浆水平增高、肥胖症、高甘油三酯血症、动脉粥样硬化和高血压,其中给予需要此种治疗的患者治疗有效量的本发明的结构I化合物。
另外,本发明提供一种治疗糖尿病和以上和以下定义的相关疾病的方法,其中给予需要此种治疗的人类患者治疗有效量的本发明的结构I化合物和1、2或更多种其它类型抗糖尿病药和/或1、2或更多种其它类型的治疗剂的组合。
统称之为“X综合症”(也称为代谢综合症)的病症、疾病和疾患可详见Johannsson J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.,82,727-34(1997)。
本发明所用术语“其它类型的治疗剂”是指一或多种抗糖尿病药(式I的SGLT2抑制剂除外)、一或多种抗肥胖病药和/或一或多种降低血脂的药(包括抗动脉粥样硬化药)。
在以上的本发明方法中,所用结构I化合物与抗糖尿病药和/或降低血脂药的重量比(依据使用方式而定)在约0.01∶1至约300∶1的范围之内,优选约0.1∶1至约100∶1的范围,更优选约0.1∶1至约10∶1的范围。
更优选式IA化合物,其中A是CH2;
R1是H、卤素或烷基;
R2、R3各自是氢;
R5是氢。
最优选结构IB的式I化合物IB其中R1是H、卤素或烷基,或者R1和R4独立是氢或烷基;
R6是H、烷基、R7aO、CHF2O、CF3O或R7eS。
本发明优选的式I化合物的实例包括具有以下结构的化合物: *R6=H,除非另有说明
A | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 |
CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-MeO |
CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-tBu |
CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-MeS |
CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-iPr |
CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-Cl |
CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-CF3 |
CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-CF3O |
CH2 | Me | H | H | H | H |
CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-MeS |
CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-Me |
CH2 | Cl | H | H | H | H |
本发明提供式I化合物、利用这些化合物的药用组合物以及应用这些化合物的方法。
本发明的式I化合物可根据下列反应流程及其说明制备,其中温度以摄氏度表达。
式II化合物,可通过在Ag2O存在下在溶剂如二甲基吡啶或喹啉中,或者在三氟甲磺酸银存在下,在含有碱如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基吡啶的溶剂如CH2Cl2中,使市售的2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴III与式IV化合物反应制备。
式V化合物或者由市售,或者通过本领域技术人员熟悉的各种方法,通过将式VI化合物用式VII化合物酰基化制备。
式IV化合物(其中A是(CH2)2),可用市售的式VIII化合物通过在溶剂如MeOH或EtOH中,在催化剂如Pd/C存在下,用H2处理制备。
式IV化合物(其中A是CH2),可采用溶剂(如甲苯)和碱(如NaH),通过将式VI化合物用市售的式IX化合物烷基化制备,条件是IX的芳基或杂芳基环不缺电子,即取代基R5和R5的总Hammetσ不低过~+0.3。
式IV化合物(其中A是CH2),还可用式X化合物通过在溶剂如MeOH或EtOH中,在催化剂如Pd/C存在下,用H2处理制备,或者在溶剂如含有路易斯酸(如TFA或BF3·Et2O)的MeCN中,用硅烷如Et3SiH制备。
式X化合物,可通过本领域技术人员熟悉的各种方法,通过使市售的式XI化合物与Mg2+或Li+有机金属离子反应制备,该有机金属离子由式XII的芳基或杂芳基溴或氯制备XII
Br-Y。
见流程2所示,式IV化合物(其中A是O),还可通过在溶剂如MeOH或EtOH中,采用催化剂如Pd/C,将式XIII化合物用H2处理制备。式XIII化合物,可通过在含有Et3N、分子筛和Cu(OAc)2的溶剂如吡啶中,使式XIV化合物与式XV化合物反应制备。
式XIV化合物或者由市售,或者通过本领域技术人员熟悉的方法,通过用对应的儿茶酚XVI将其用一当量的苄基溴或氯烷基化来制备。
式XVII化合物,可通过在含有催化剂(如PdCl2·dppf)和碱(如KOAc)的溶剂如DMSO中,将式XII化合物与化合物XVIII一起加热制备。流程2式IV化合物(其中A是OCH2),即可通过在含有碱(如Na2CO3)和催化剂(如NaI)的极性溶剂如DMF或丙酮中,使式XVI化合物与式IXa苄基卤反应制备。
式IV化合物(其中A是O(CH2)2),可通过在溶剂如MeOH或EtOH中,采用催化剂如Pd/C,使式XIX化合物与H2反应制备。式XIX化合物可由市售提供,或者可通过在含有碱(如K2CO3)的溶剂如丙酮中,用市售的式XX苯甲酰甲基氯或溴,将式XVI化合物烷基化制备。
式IV化合物(其中A是S),可通过在-78℃下,在溶剂如THF中,将式XXI化合物用2当量的t-BuLi处理,然后加入式XXII化合物制备。见流程3所示,式II化合物(其中A是NH),可通过在含有Cu(OAc)2和分子筛的溶剂如Et3N中,将式XXIII化合物用式XV化合物处理制备。
式XXIII化合物,可通过在溶剂如MeOH或EtOH中,采用催化剂如Pd/C,将式XXIV化合物用H2处理制备。
式XXIV化合物,可通过在含有Ag2O的溶剂如二甲基吡啶或喹啉中,将式III化合物与式XXV化合物偶合制备。
式II化合物(其中A是NHCH2),可通过搅拌下,在溶剂如HOAc中,用还原剂如NaCNBH3,将式XXIII化合物与式XXVI化合物偶合制备。
以下列出用于描述本发明化合物的各种术语的定义。这些定义适用于该说明书中单独使用或作为大基团的部分使用的术语(除在特定情况下另有限定外)。
本发明所用的缩写如下:Ph=苯基Bn=苄基t-Bu=叔丁基Me=甲基Et=乙基TMS=三甲硅烷基TMSN3=叠氮化三甲硅烷TBS=叔丁基二甲硅烷基THF=四氢呋喃Et2O=乙醚EtOAc=乙酸乙酯DMF=二甲基甲酰胺MeOH=甲醇EtOH=乙醇i-PrOH=异丙醇HOAc或AcOH=乙酸TFA=三氟乙酸i-Pr2NEt=二异丙基乙胺Et3N=三乙胺DMAP=4-二甲氨基吡啶NaBH4=硼氢化钠LiAlH4=氢化铝锂n-BuLi=正丁基锂Pd/C=披钯碳KOH=氢氧化钾NaOH=氢氧化钠LiOH=氢氧化锂K2CO3=碳酸钾NaHCO3=碳酸氢钠EDC(或EDC.HCl)或EDCI(或EDCI.HCl)或EDAC=3-乙基-3’-(二甲氨基)丙基-碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(或1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺盐酸盐)HOBT或HOBT.H2O=1-羟基苯并三唑水合物HOAT=1-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三唑Ph3P=三苯膦Pd(OAc)2=乙酸钯(Ph3P)4Pd0=四(三苯膦)钯Ar=氩气N2=氮气min=分钟h或hr=小时L=升mL=毫升μL=微升g=克mg=毫克mol=摩尔mmol=毫摩尔meq=毫当量RT=室温sat或sat’d=饱和的aq.=水溶液TLC=薄层色谱HPLC=高效液相色谱LC/MS=高效液相色谱/质谱MS或Mass Spec=质谱NMR=核磁共振mp=熔点dppf=二苯膦基二茂铁DCE=1,2-二氯乙烷
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“低级烷基”、“烷基”或“alk”包括直和支链烃,在该直链中含有1-20个碳原子,优选1-10个碳原子,更优选1-8个碳原子,如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、戊基、己基、异己基、庚基、4,4-二甲基戊基、辛基、2,2,4-三甲基戊基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基及其各种支链异构体等,以及包含1-4个取代基的这类基团,取代基如卤代,例如F、Cl、Br或I或CF3、烷基、烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、芳基(芳基)或二芳基、芳基烷基、芳基烷氧基、链烯基、链炔基、环烷基、环烯基、环烷基烷基、环烷基烷氧基、任选取代的氨基、羟基、羟基烷基、酰基、氧代、烷酰基、杂芳基、杂芳氧基、环杂烷基、芳基杂芳基、芳基烷氧羰基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烷氧基、芳氧基烷基、芳氧基芳基、烷基酰胺基、烷酰氨基、芳基羰基氨基、硝基、氰基、硫醇基、卤代烷基、三卤代烷基和/或烷硫基。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“环烷基”包括饱和或部分不饱和(含1或2个双键)的含有1-3个环的环状烃基,包括单环烷基、双环烷基和三环烷基,其共包括3-20个成环碳原子,优选3-10个成环碳原子,并可与1或2个芳基项下说明的芳环稠合,它包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环癸基和环十二烷基、环己烯基、任何上述基团可任选被1-4个取代基取代的基团,取代基如卤素、烷基、烷氧基、羟基、芳基、芳氧基、芳基烷基、环烷基、烷基酰氨基、烷酰胺基、氧代、酰基、芳基羰基氨基、氨基、硝基、氰基、硫醇基和/或烷硫基和/或任何烷基取代基。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“环烯基”指含有3-12个碳原子,优选5-10个碳原子,并含有1或2个双键的环烃。环烯基的实例包括环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基、环辛烯基、环己二烯基和环庚二烯基,其可按环烷基项下说明任选被取代。
本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“烷酰基”指与羰基连接的烷基。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“低级链烯基”或“链烯基”指在该直链中含有2-20个碳原子,优选2-12个碳原子,更优选1-8个碳原子的直链和支链基团,其在直链中包括1-6个双键,如乙烯基、2-丙烯基、3-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、4-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、2-庚烯基、3-庚烯基、4-庚烯基、3-辛烯基、3-壬烯基、4-癸烯基、3-十一烯基、4-十二烯基、4,8,12-十四烷三烯基等,其可任选被1-4个以下取代基的取代,取代基为卤素、卤代烷基、烷基、烷氧基、链烯基、链炔基、芳基、芳基烷基、环烷基、氨基、羟基、杂芳基、环杂烷基、烷酰基氨基、烷基酰胺基、芳基羰基氨基、硝基、氰基、硫醇基、烷硫基和/或本发明提出的任何烷基取代基。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“低级链炔基”或“链炔基”指在该直链中含有2-20个碳原子,优选2-12个碳原子,更优选2-8个碳原子的直链和支链基团,其在直链中包括1个三键,如2-丙炔基、3-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、4-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基、2-庚炔基、3-庚炔基、4-庚炔基、3-辛炔基、3-壬炔基、4-癸炔基、3-十一炔基、4-十二炔基等,并且其可任选被1-4个以下取代基的取代,取代基为卤素、卤代烷基、烷基、烷氧基、链烯基、链炔基、芳基、芳基烷基、环烷基、氨基、杂芳基、环杂烷基、羟基、烷酰基氨基、烷基酰胺基、芳基羰基氨基、硝基、氰基、硫醇基和/或烷硫基和/或本发明提出的任何烷基取代基。
本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“芳基烷基”、“芳基链烯基”和“芳基链炔基”指具有芳基取代基的以上说明的烷基、链烯基和链炔基。
当以上定义的烷基在两个不同碳原子上具有与其它基团连接的单键时,称其为“亚烷基”,其可按以上“烷基”项下说明任选被取代。
当以上定义的链烯基和链炔基分别在两个不同碳原子上具有连接用的单键时,分别称其为“亚链烯基”和“亚链炔基”,其可按以上“链烯基”和“链炔基”项下说明任选被取代。
适当的亚烷基、亚链烯基或亚链炔基(CH2)m、(CH2)n或(CH2)p(其中p可以是1-8,优选1-5,其包括此处定义的亚烷基、亚链烯基或亚链炔基)可任选包括1、2或3个包括烷基、链烯基、卤素、氰基、羟基、烷氧基、氨基、硫代烷基、酮基、C3-C6环烷基、烷基羰基氨基或烷基羰基氧基的取代基。
(CH2)m、(CH2)n或(CH2)p、亚烷基、亚链烯基和亚链炔基的实例包括-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-,-CH2CH=CH-,-C≡C-CH2-,
-CH2C≡CCH2-,
-(CH2)2-,-(CH2)3-,-(CH2)4-,
-(CH2)5-,
-CH2OCH2-,-OCH2CH2-,-CH2NHCH2-,-NHCH2CH2-,-(CH2)3-CF2-,
或
本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“卤素”或“卤代”指氯、溴、氟和碘,优选氯或氟。
术语“金属离子”指碱金属离子如钠、钾或锂以及碱土金属离子如镁和钙以及锌和铝。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“芳基”指在环部分含有6-10个碳原子的单环和双环芳族基团(如苯基或萘基,包括1-萘基和2-萘基),其可任选包含1-3个与碳环或杂环(如芳基、环烷基、杂芳基或环杂烷基环)稠合的其它环,例如并可通过可利用的碳原子任选被1、2或3个选自以下的取代基取代,取代基为氢、卤素、卤代烷基、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、链烯基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、链炔基、环烷基-烷基、环杂烷基、环杂烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、芳氧基、芳氧基烷基、芳基烷氧基、烷氧羰基、芳基羰基、芳基链烯基、氨基羰基芳基、芳硫基、芳基亚磺酰基、芳基偶氮基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基链烯基、杂芳基杂芳基、杂芳氧基、羟基、硝基、氰基、氨基、其中该氨基包括1或2个取代基(为烷基、芳基或以上定义中提到的任何其它芳基化合物)的取代氨基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳硫基烷基、烷氧基芳硫基、烷基羰基、芳基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基氨基羰基、烷氧羰基、氨基羰基、烷基羰基氧基、芳基羰基氧基、烷基羰基氨基、芳基羰基氨基、芳基亚磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基烷基、芳基磺酰氨基或芳基磺酰基氨基羰基和/或本发明提出的任何烷基取代基。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“低级烷氧基”、“烷氧基”、“芳氧基”或“芳烷氧基”指与氧原子连接的任何以上的烷基、芳烷基或芳基。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“取代的氨基”指带有一或两个相同或不同取代基的取代氨基,取代基如烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、环杂烷基、环杂烷基烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、卤代烷基、羟基烷基、烷氧基烷基或硫代烷基。这些取代基可以被一羧酸和/或任何以上提出的烷基取代基进一步取代。另外,所述氨基取代基可与其相连的氮原子一起形成1-吡咯烷基、1-哌啶基、1-氮杂_基、4-吗啉基、4-硫代吗啉基、1-哌嗪基、4-烷基-1-哌嗪基、4-芳基烷基-1-哌嗪基、4-二芳基烷基-1-哌嗪基、1-吡咯烷基、1-哌啶基或1-氮杂_基,它们任选被烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、卤代、三氟甲基或羟基取代。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“低级烷硫基”、“烷硫基”、“芳硫基”或“芳烷硫基”指与硫原子连接的任何以上的烷基、芳烷基或芳基。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“低级烷基氨基”、“烷基氨基”、“芳基氨基”或“芳烷基氨基”指与氮原子连接的任何以上的烷基、芳基或芳烷基。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“酰基”指与羰基(C=O)连接的有机基团;酰基实例包括任何与羰基连接的烷基取代基,如烷酰基、链烯酰基、芳酰基、芳烷酰基、杂芳酰基、环烷酰基、环杂烷酰基等。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“环杂烷基”指包括1-2个杂原子(如氮、氧和/或硫)、通过碳原子或杂原子连接的5-、6-或7-元饱和或部分不饱和环,如果可能,任选通过接头(CH2)p连接(其中p是1、2或3),如以上基团可包含1-4个取代基,如烷基、卤代、氧代和/或任何本发明提出的烷基取代基。另外,任何环杂烷基环可与环烷基、芳基、杂芳基或环杂烷基环稠合。
除另有说明,本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“杂芳基”指包括1、2、3或4个杂原子(如氮、氧和/或硫)的5-或6-元芳环,该环可与芳基、环烷基、杂芳基或环杂烷基环稠合(如苯并噻吩基、吲哚基),并可能包括N-氧化物。该杂芳基可任选包含1-4个取代基,如以上提出的任何烷基取代基。杂芳基的实例包括下列基团等:
本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“环杂烷基烷基”指通过C原子或杂原子与(CH2)p链连接的以上定义的环杂烷基。
本发明中单独使用或作为另外基团的部分使用的术语“杂芳基烷基”或“杂芳基链烯基”指通过C原子或杂原子与-(CH2)p-链、以上定义的亚烷基或亚链烯基连接的以上定义的杂芳基。
本发明所用术语“5、6或7元碳环或杂环”是指以上定义的环烷基或环烯基或者以上定义的杂芳基或环杂芳基,如噻二唑基、四唑基、咪唑基或噁唑基。
本发明所用术语“多卤代烷基”是指包括2-9个,优选2-5个卤代取代基,如F或Cl,优选F的以上定义的“烷基”,如CF3CH2、CF3或CF3CF2CH2。
本发明所用术语“多卤代烷氧基”是指包括2-9个,优选2-5个卤代取代基,如F或Cl,优选F的以上定义的“烷氧基”或“烷基氧基”,如CF3CH2O、CF3O或CF3CF2CH2O。
本发明所用术语“前药酯”包括应用本领域技术人员已知的生成乙酸酯、新戊酸酯、甲基碳酸酯、苯甲酸酯等的方法,通过使式I化合物的一或多个羟基与烷基、烷氧基或芳基取代的酰化试剂反应形成的酯和碳酸酯。另外,还有本领域已知的羧酸和磷酸酯,如甲酯、乙酯、苄基酯等前药酯。
当结构I化合物为酸形式时,它们可形成药学上可接受的盐,如碱金属盐(如锂、钠、钾)、碱土金属盐(如镁和钙)以及锌和铝和其它阳离子,如铵、胆碱、二乙醇胺、赖氨酸(如D和L),1,2乙二胺、叔丁基胺、叔辛基胺、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷(TRIS)、N-甲基葡糖胺(NMG)、三乙醇胺和脱氢松香胺。
包括本发明化合物的所有立体异构体,或是混合物形式或者是纯品或基本纯形式。本发明化合物在任何碳原子(包括R取代基的任何碳原子)上都可具有不对称中心。因此,式I化合物可以对映体或非对映体形式或其混合物形式存在。其制备过程中可利用外消旋体、对映体或非对映体作为原料。当制备非对映体或对映体产物时,可通过常用的方法,如层析或分级结晶,进行分离。
如果要求,可将结构I化合物与一或多种其它类型的抗糖尿病剂和/或一或多种其它类型的治疗剂联合应用,以同一剂型、或以单独的口服剂型形式口服给予或者通过注射给予。
可以与式I的SGLT2抑制剂任选联合应用的其它类型的抗糖尿病剂可以是1、2、3或更多种抗糖尿病剂或抗高血糖剂,包括促胰岛素分泌剂或胰岛素敏化剂或者其它优选具有不同于SGLT2抑制的作用机制的抗糖尿病剂,可包括双胍、磺酰脲、葡糖苷酶抑制剂、PPARγ激动剂、如噻唑烷二酮、aP2抑制剂、PPARα/γ双重激动剂、二肽基肽酶IV(DP4)抑制剂和/或氯茴苯酸(meglitinide)以及胰岛素和/或胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)。
现认为结构I化合物与1、2、3或更多种其它抗糖尿病剂联合应用产生的抗高血糖效果要比各自单独应用这些药物更强,并且比这些药物产生的合并相加的抗高血糖效果更强。
其它抗糖尿病药可以是口服的抗高血糖剂,优选双缩胍,如二甲双胍、苯乙双胍或其盐,优选盐酸二甲双胍。
如果所述其它的抗糖尿病剂是双胍,那么所用的结构I化合物与双胍的重量比在约0.01∶1至约100∶1的范围之内,优选约0.1∶1至约5∶1的范围。
其它抗糖尿病药还可以优选是磺酰脲,如格列本脲(也称为glibenclamide)、格列美脲(美国专利4,379,785中公开)、格列吡嗪、格列齐特或氯磺丙脲、作用于β细胞的ATP-依赖性通道的其它磺酰脲或其它抗高血糖剂,优选格列本脲和格列吡嗪,可将它们以同一或单独的口服剂型给予。
所用的结构I化合物与该磺酰脲的重量比在约0.01∶1至约100∶1的范围之内,优选约0.2∶1至约10∶1的范围。
可以以同一或单独的口服剂型给予的其它口服抗糖尿病剂还可以是葡糖苷酶抑制剂,如阿卡波糖(美国专利4,904,769中公开)或米格列醇(美国专利4,639,436中公开)。
所用的结构I化合物与该葡糖苷酶抑制剂的重量比在约0.01∶1至约100∶1的范围之内,优选约0.5∶1至约50∶1的范围。
结构I化合物可与PPARγ激动剂联合应用,所述激动剂如噻唑烷二酮口服抗糖尿病剂或其它胰岛素敏化剂(其对NIDDM患者具有胰岛素敏感性作用),如曲格列酮(Warner-Lambert的Rezulin_,美国专利4,572,912中公开)、rosiglitazone(SKB)、吡格列酮(Takeda)、Mitsubishi的MCC-555(美国专利5,594,016中公开)、Glaxo-Welcome的GL-262570、恩格列酮(CP-68722,Pfizer)或者达格列酮(CP-86325,Pfizer)、isaglitazone(MIT/J&J)、JTT-501(JPNT/P&U)、L-895645(Merck)、R-119702(Sankyo/WL)、NN-2344(Dr.Reddy/NN)或YM-440(Yamanouchi),优选rosilitazone和吡格列酮。
所用的结构I化合物与该噻唑烷二酮的重量比在约0.01∶1至约100∶1的范围之内,优选约0.2∶1至约10∶1的范围。
可将用量少于约150mg的该磺酰脲和噻唑烷二酮口服抗糖尿病剂与结构I化合物合并于单一片剂中。
结构I化合物还可与抗高血糖剂如胰岛素或胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1),如GLP-1(1-36)酰胺、GLP-1(7-36)酰胺、GLP-1(7-37)(Habener的美国专利5,614,492中公开,该公开内容结合到本发明中作为参考)以及AC2993(Amylen)和LY-315902(Lilly)联合应用,通过注射、鼻腔内或通过经皮或颊内装置给予。
如果以上所述的制剂中存在二甲双胍、磺酰脲(如格列本脲、格列美脲、glipyride、格列齐特、氯磺丙脲和格列齐特)和葡糖苷酶抑制剂阿卡波糖或米格列醇(可注射、肺内、颊内或口服给予),其用量和剂量可根据Physician’s Desk Reference(PDR)中说明。
如果存在二甲双胍或其盐,其用量在约500-2000mg/日的范围之内,该量可以以单剂量或每日1-4次的分剂量给予。
如果存在噻唑烷二酮抗糖尿病剂,其用量在约0.01-2000mg/日的范围之内,该量可以以单剂量或每日1-4次的分剂量给予。
如果制剂中存在胰岛素,其用量和剂量可根据Physician’s DeskReference(PDR)中说明。
如果存在GLP-1肽,可根据结合到本发明中作为参考的美国专利5,346,701(TheraTech)、5,614,492和5,631,224中说明,通过口腔颊内剂型给药、通过鼻腔给药或非肠道给药。
其它的抗糖尿病剂还可以是PPARα/γ双重激动剂,如AR-HO39242(Astra/Zeneca)、GW-409544(Glaxo-Wellcome)、KRP297(Kyorin Merck)以及Murakami等在Diabetes 47,1841-1847(1998)的“新胰岛素敏化剂用作过氧化物酶体增殖-活化受体α(PPARα)和PPAR γ的共同配体。PPARα活化对Zucker肥胖大鼠肝的异常脂质代谢的作用”中公开的那些抗糖尿病剂,以及其公开内容结合到本发明中作为参考的1999年9月22日申请的美国临时申请60/155,400(代理律师文件LA29)中公开的抗糖尿病剂,其使用剂量按其中提出的剂量,其中指明为优选的化合物即为本发明中优选使用的化合物。
其它的抗糖尿病剂还可以是aP2抑制剂,如1999年9月7日申请的美国申请序列号09/391,053和1999年4月5日申请的美国临时申请60/127,745(代理律师文件LA27*)中公开的抗糖尿病剂,其使用剂量按本发明中提出的剂量。优选的aP2抑制剂即是以上申请中所指的优选化合物。
其它的抗糖尿病剂还可以是DP4抑制剂,如WO99/38501、WO99/46272、WO99/67279(PROBIODRUG)、WO99/67278(PROBIODRUG)、WO99/61431(PROBIODRUG)中公开的DP4抑制剂、Hughes等在Biochemistry,38(36),11597-11603,1999中公开的NVP-DPP728A(1-[[[2-[(5-氰基吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基]氨基]乙酰基]-2-氰基-(S)-吡咯烷)(Novartis)(优选)、Yamada等在Bioorg.&Med.Chem.Lett.8(1998)1537-1540中公开的TSL-225(色氨酰基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-甲酸)、Ashworth等在Bioorg.&Med.Chem.Lett.6卷,22期,第1163-1166和2745-2748页(1996)中公开的2-氰基吡咯烷和4-氰基吡咯烷,其使用剂量按以上参考文献中提出的剂量。
可任选与本发明式I化合物联合应用的氯茴苯酸可以是瑞格列奈、nateglinide(Novartis)或KAD1229(PF/Kissei),其中优选瑞格列奈。
所用的式ISGLT2抑制剂与该氯茴苯酸、PPAR γ激动剂、PPAR α/γ双重激动剂、aP2抑制剂或DP4抑制剂的重量比在约0.01∶1至约100∶1的范围之内,优选约0.2∶1至约10∶1的范围。
可与本发明式I化合物任选联合应用的降血脂药或降脂质剂可以包括1、2、3或更多种MTP抑制剂、HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、fibric acid衍生物、ACAT抑制剂、脂氧化酶抑制剂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、回肠Na+/胆汁酸协同转运蛋白抑制剂、LDL受体活性正调节物、胆汁酸螯合剂和/或烟酸及其衍生物。
本发明所用的MTP抑制剂包括美国专利5,595,872、美国专利5,739,135、美国专利5,712,279、美国专利5,760,246、美国专利5,827,875、美国专利5,885,983和1998年10月20日申请的美国申请序列号09/175,180现为美国专利5,962,440中公开的MTP抑制剂。优选的MTP抑制剂即是以上各专利和申请中公开的各种优选MTP抑制剂。
以上所有美国专利和申请都结合到本发明中作为参考。
本发明中使用的最优选MTP抑制剂包括美国专利5,739,135、美国专利5,712,279和美国专利5,760,246中提出的优选MTP抑制剂。
降血脂药可以是HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂,它包括,但不限于如美国专利3,983,140中公开的美伐他汀及其相关化合物、如美国专利4,231,938中公开的洛伐他汀(美舒林mevinoline)及其相关化合物、如美国专利4,346,227中公开的普伐他汀及其相关化合物、如美国专利4,448,784和4,450,171中公开的辛伐他汀及其相关化合物。本发明中可用的其它HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂包括,但不限于美国专利5,354,772中公开的氟伐他汀、美国专利5,006,530和5,177,080中公开的cerivastatin、美国专利4,681,893、5,273,995、5,385,929和5,686,104中公开的atorvastatin、美国专利5,011,930中公开的atavastatin(Nissan/Sankyo的nisvastatin(NK-104))、美国专利5,260,440中公开的Shionogi-Astra/Zeneca visastatin(ZD-4522)和美国专利5,753,675中公开的相关抑制素化合物、美国专利4,613,610中公开的3,5-二羟基-3-甲基戊酸内酯衍生物的的吡唑类似物、PCT申请WO 86/03488中公开的3,5-二羟基-3-甲基戊酸内酯衍生物的茚类似物、美国专利4,647,576中公开的6-[2-(取代的-吡咯-1-基)-烷基]吡喃-2-酮及其衍生物、Searle的SC-45355(一种取代的戊二酸衍生物)二氯乙酸酯、PCT申请WO86/07054中公开的3,5-二羟基-3-甲基戊酸内酯的咪唑类似物、法国专利2,596,393中公开的3-羧基-2-羟基-戊烷磷酸衍生物、欧洲专利申请0221025中公开的2,3-二取代吡咯、呋喃和噻吩衍生物、美国专利4,686,237中公开的3,5-二羟基-3-甲基戊酸内酯的萘基类似物、例如美国专利4,499,289中公开的八氢萘、欧洲专利申请0,142,146 A2中公开的美舒林(洛伐他汀)的酮基类似物以及美国专利5,506,219和5,691,322中公开的喹啉和吡啶衍生物。
另外,GB 2205837中公开适用于本发明中使用的可用于抑制HMG CoA还原酶的膦酸化合物。
适用于本发明中使用的角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂包括,但不限于美国专利5,712,396中公开的α-膦酰基-磺酸酯、Biller等在J.Med.Chem.,1988,31卷,10期,1869-1871中公开的那些抑制剂、包括类异戊二烯(氧膦基甲基)膦酸酯以及其它已知的角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂,如美国专利4,871,721和4,924,024以及Biller,S.A.,Neuenschwander,K.,Ponpipom,M.M.,和Poulter,C.D.,在Current Pharmaceutical Design,2,1-40(1996)中公开的那些抑制剂。
另外,适用于本发明中使用的其它角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂包括P.Ortiz de Montellano等在J.Med.Chem.,1977,20,243-249中公开的类萜焦磷酸酯、Corey和Volante在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1976,98,1291-1293中公开的二磷酸法尼基酯类似物A和前角鲨烯焦磷酸酯(PSQ-PP)类似物、McClard,R.W.等在J.A.C.S.,1987,109,5544中报导的氧膦基膦酸酯以及Capson,T.L,PhD dissertation,June,1987,Dept.Med.Chem.U of Utah,Abstract,Table of Contents,pp 16,17,40-43,48-51中报导的环丙烷类。
适用于本发明中使用的其它降血脂药包括,但不限于fibric acid衍生物,如非诺贝特、吉非贝特、氯贝丁酯、苯扎贝特、环丙贝特、克利贝特等,美国专利3,674,836中公开的普罗布考及其相关化合物、优选普罗布考和吉非贝特,胆汁酸螯合剂,如考来烯胺、考来替泊和DEAE-Sephadex(Secholex_、Policexide_)以及lipostabil(Phone-Poulenc)、Eisai E-5050(一种N-取代的乙醇胺衍生物)、伊马昔尔(HOE-402)、四氢制胰脂菌素(THF)、istigmastanyl磷脂酰胆碱(SPC,Roche)、氨基环糊精(Tanabe Seioku)、Ajinomoto AJ-814(甘菊环衍生物)、melinamide(Sumitomo)、Sandoz 58-035、American Cyanamid CL-277,082和CL-283,546(二取代脲衍生物)、烟酸、acipimox、阿昔呋喃、新霉素、对氨基水杨酸、阿司匹林、如美国专利4,759,923中公开的多(二烯丙基甲胺)衍生物、季铵多(氯化二烯丙基二甲铵)和如美国专利4,027,009中公开的紫罗烯以及其它降低血浆胆固醇的药物。
其它的降血脂药可以是ACAT抑制剂,如Drugs of the Future 24,9-15(1999),(Avasimibe);Nicolosi等在Atherosclerosis(Shannon,Irel).(1998),137(1),77-85的“ACAT抑制剂,Cl-1011可有效地抑制和消退仓鼠主动脉脂肪条纹区的面积”;Ghiselli,Giancarlo,在Cardiovasc.Drug Rev.(1998),16(1),16-30的“FCE 27677的药理学分布型:一种新的ACAT抑制剂,其具有通过选择性抑制含有ApoB100的脂蛋白的肝分泌而介导的高效降血脂活性”;Smith,C.等在Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.(1996),6(1),47-50的“RP 73163:一种可生物利用的烷基亚磺酰基-二苯基咪唑ACAT抑制剂”;Krause等编辑:Ruffolo,Robert R.,Jr.的“ACAT抑制剂,在试验动物中降血脂和抗动脉粥样硬化活性的生理学机制”;Hollinger,Mannfred A.,在CRC,Boca Raton,Fla出版的Inflammation:Mediators Pathways(1995),173-98,;Sliskovic等在Curr.Med.Chem.(1994),1(3),204-25的“ACAT抑制剂:潜在的抗动脉粥样硬化剂”;Stout等在Chemtracts:Org.Chem.(1995),8(6),359-62的“酰基-CoA抑制剂:胆固醇O-酰基转移酶(ACAT)作为降血胆固醇剂。6.第一个具有调节脂质活性的水溶性ACAT抑制剂。酰基-CoA抑制剂:胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT)。7.一系列具有增强降血胆固醇活性的取代的N-苯基-N’-[(1-苯基环戊基)甲基]脲的进展。”等中公开的ACAT抑制剂或者TS-962(Taisho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd)。
降血脂药可以是LD2受体活性的正调节物,如MD-700(TaishoPharmaceutical Co.Ltd)和/或LY295427(Eli Lilly)。
降血脂药可以是胆固醇吸收抑制剂,优选Schering-Plough的SCH48461以及Atherosclerosis 115,45-63(1995)和J.Med.Chem.,41,973(1998)中公开的那些抑制剂。
降血脂药可以是回肠Na+/胆汁酸协同转运蛋白抑制剂,如Drugsof the Future,24,425-430(1999)中公开的那些抑制剂。
优选的降血脂药是普伐他汀、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、atorvastatin、氟伐他汀、cerivastatin、atavastatin和ZD-4522。
以上提到的美国专利都结合到本发明中作为参考。所用的量和剂量根据Physician’s Desk Reference和/或以上提及的专利中说明进行。
所用的本发明式I化合物与降血脂药(如果存在)的重量比在约500∶1至约1∶500的范围之内,优选约100∶1至约1∶100的范围。
给药剂量必须根据患者的年龄、体重和病症以及给药途径、剂型和方案以及所要求的效果进行小心调节。
降血脂药的剂量及制剂即为以上讨论的各种专利和申请中公开的剂量和制剂。
所用的其它降血脂药(如果应用)的剂量和制剂根据最新版Physician’s Desk Reference中提出的剂量和制剂。
对于口服给药,采用约0.01-500mg/kg,优选约0.1-100mg/kg剂量范围的MTP抑制剂,每日1-4次服用,可得到满意的治疗效果。
优选的口服剂型(如片剂或胶囊剂)含有约1-500mg,优选约2-400mg,更优选5-250mg剂量范围的MTP抑制剂,每日1-4次服用。
对于口服给药,采用Physician’s Desk Reference中提出的剂量,如约1-2000mg,优选约4-200mg剂量范围的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂,如普伐他汀、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、atorvastatin、氟伐他汀或cerivastatin,可得到满意的治疗效果。
角鲨合成酶抑制剂的使用剂量可在约10-2000mg的范围,优选约25-200mg的范围。
优选的口服剂型(如片剂或胶囊剂)含有约0.1-100mg,优选约5-80mg,更优选约10-40mg剂量的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂。
优选的口服剂型(如片剂或胶囊剂)含有约10-500mg,优选约25-200mg剂量的角鲨合成酶抑制剂。
其它的降血脂药还可以是脂氧化酶抑制剂,包括15-脂氧化酶(15-LO)抑制剂,如WO 97/12615中公开的苯并咪唑衍生物、WO97/12613中公开的15-LO抑制剂、WO 96/38144中公开的isothiazolone、Sendobry等在Brit.J.Pharmacology(1997)120,1199-1206的“用缺乏明显抗氧化性质的高选择性15-脂氧化酶抑制剂弱化家兔饮食诱发的动脉粥样硬化”和Comicelli等在Current Pharmaceutical Design,1999,5,11-20的“15-脂氧化酶及其抑制:一种血管疾病的新治疗靶”中公开的15-LO抑制剂。
式I化合物与降血脂药可在同一剂型中一起使用,或者可以以各自口服剂型的形式同时服用。
可将以上说明的组合物按以上说明的以剂型,单次给予或以每日1-4次的分剂量形式给予。可以建议患者以低剂量组合开始,逐渐增加至高剂量组合。
优选的降血脂药是普伐他汀、辛伐他汀、洛伐他汀、atorvastatin、氟伐他汀或cerivastatin。
可与式I的SGLT2抑制剂任选联合应用的其它类型的治疗剂可以是1、2、3或更多种抗肥胖剂,包括β3肾上腺素能激动剂、脂酶抑制剂、5-羟色胺(和多巴胺)吸收抑制剂、甲状腺受体β药物和/或食欲抑制药。
可与式I化合物任选联合应用的β3肾上腺素能激动剂可以是AJ9677(Takeda/Dainippon)、L750355(Merck)或CP331648(Pfizer)或者美国专利5,541,204、5,770,615、5,491,134、5,776,983和5,488,064中公开的其它已知的β3激动剂,优选AJ9677、L750355和CP331648。
可与式I化合物任选联合应用的脂酶抑制剂可以是奥利司他或ATL-962(Alizyme),优选奥利司他。
可与式I化合物任选联合应用的5-羟色胺(和多巴胺)再吸收抑制剂可以是西布曲明、托吡酯(Johnson&Johnson)或axokine(Regeneron),优选西布曲明和托吡酯。
可任选与式I化合物联合使用的甲状腺受体β化合物可以是WO97/21993(U.Cal SF)、WO 99/00353(KaroBio)和GB 98/284425(KaroBio)中公开的甲状腺受体配体,其中优选KaroBio申请的化合物。
可任选与式I化合物联合使用的食欲抑制药可以是右苯丙胺、芬特明、苯丙醇胺或马吲哚,其中优选右苯丙胺。
可将以上说明的各种抗肥胖剂与式I化合物以同一剂型或以不同剂型应用,其剂量和给药方案可根据本领域一般情况或根据PDR确定。
在运用本发明方法治疗糖尿病和相关疾病时,采用药用组合物,该组合物包含结合药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂的结构I化合物、包含或不包含其它抗糖尿病剂和/或抗高血脂剂和/或其它类型的治疗剂。可应用常用的固体或液体载体或稀释剂以及适于所要求给药方式类型的药用添加剂,如药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、粘合剂等,制成药用组合物。可通过口服途径,如以片剂、胶囊剂、微球剂、颗粒剂或粉剂形式,给予哺乳动物(包括人、猴、狗等)所述化合物,或者以注射剂形式,通过非肠道途径给予,或者通过鼻内或经皮贴剂形式给予。一般的固体制剂包含约10-500mg的式I化合物。成人剂量优选在10-2000mg/日之间,该剂量可以通过每日单剂量或每日1-4次的分剂量形式给予。
一般的注射剂可通过将250mg结构I化合物无菌置入管形瓶中、无菌冷冻干燥然后密封制备。待用时,将管形瓶中内容物与2mL生理盐水混合制成注射剂使用。
本发明化合物的SGLT2抑制剂活性可通过采用以下测定系统进行测定。SGLT2活性测定
采用标准分子生物学技术,通过人肾mRNA的逆转录和扩增,克隆人SGLT2的mRNA序列(GenBank#M95549)。将cDNA序列稳定转染于CHO细胞中,并基本根据Ryan等(1994)说明,对克隆进行SGLT2活性测定。基本根据Ryan等的说明以及以下改动,对经克隆选择的细胞系进行SGLT2活性抑制的评估。在96孔板中,将细胞在每孔F-12营养混合液(Ham’s F-12)、10%胎牛血清、300ug/ml遗传霉素和青霉素-链霉素中培养2-4日,直至达到75000或30000个细胞。汇合后,将细胞用10mM Hepes/Tris,pH 7.4,137mM N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺、5.4mMKCl、2.8mM CaCl2、1.2mM MgSO4洗涤2次。然后在37℃下,在10mMHepes/Tris,pH7.4,137mM NaCl、5.4mM KCl、2.8mM CaCl2、1.2mMMgSO4中,将细胞与10μM[14C]AMG和10μM抑制剂(终DMSO=0.5%)孵育1.5小时。用冰冷的含有0.5mM根皮苷的1X PBS猝灭吸收测定,然后用0.1%NaOH裂解细胞。加入MicroScint闪烁液,将细胞振摇1小时,然后用TopCount闪烁计数器对[14C]AMG定量。用有或无NaCl进行空白对照。为测定ED50值,在适当的响应范围内,在log间隔内,采用10个抑制剂浓度,并将一式三个培养板的不同培养板数据进行平均。Ryan Mj,Johnson G,Kirk J,Fuerstenberg SM,Zager RA和Torok-Storb B.1994.HK-2:an immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell line fromnormal adult human kidney(得自正常成人肾的无限增殖化近端小管上皮细胞系)。idney International 45:48-57。
下列工作实施例代表本发明的优选实施方案。除另有说明,所有温度都用摄氏度表示。
在Ar下,向装有100mL THF的500ml圆底烧瓶中,加入市售的1M对甲基苯基溴化镁/Et2O(100mL,10mmol)。接着,在2小时内,分四等份滴加水杨醛(4.9g,40.3mmol)。20分钟后,经HPLC分析显示该醛消耗完毕后,立即滴加26ml饱和NH4Cl/H2O猝灭该反应物,得到白色糊状物。向该混悬液中加入200mL PhMe和足量的水,搅拌。倾出有机层,将该白色糊状物用1∶1 THF/PhMe研磨片刻。倾出有机层,用旋转蒸发器浓缩合并的有机层,得到9.7g粗品4-甲基-2’-羟基二苯基甲醇。
B.
2-(4’-甲基苄基)苯酚
向部分A粗品4-甲基-2’-羟基二苯基甲醇(9.7g,含有量不超过40mmol)的175mL MeOH溶液中,加入0.59g 10%Pd/C和1.75mLTFA。在1atm H2下,将混悬液搅拌40小时,通过硅藻土过滤,浓缩得到8.6g油状物的粗品2-(4’-甲基苄基)苯酚。
将部分B的2-(4’-甲基苄基)苯酚(8.6g,含有量不超过37mmol)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基吡啶(10.6g,52mmol)、2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(17.5g,43mmol)的270mL CH2Cl2混合液搅拌至均相,然后冷却至0℃。向该冷溶液中加入AgOTf(12.2g,47mmol)后,将该反应物搅拌1小时,然后再加入2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(7.6g,18mmol)和AgOTf(6.5g,25mmol)。需要另外100mL CH2Cl2稀释该混悬液,以维持搅拌。30分钟后,将该混悬液直接装入硅胶柱上,开始用25%EtOAc/己烷洗脱。首先洗脱的是不合要求的少量α端基异构产物,接着用增加比例的25-35%EtOAc/己烷为洗脱剂,得到所要求的标题β-O-葡糖苷四乙酸酯。浓缩后,通过加入己烷,将溶于少量EtOAc的粗产物诱发结晶。得到共8.25g所要求的纯标题β异构体以及约3g不纯物。
向部分C化合物(8.25g,15mmol)的35mL CH2Cl2溶液中,加入MeOH(200mL),接着加入0.7mL 1N NaOH的水溶液。2小时后,通过HPLC确定反应完成,采用旋转蒸发器除去挥发物。将残留物溶于1∶10∶10的H2O/CH2Cl2/MeOH混合液(42mL)中,用CH2Cl2(400mL)稀释,接着装入硅胶柱上。用5-7%MeOH/CH2Cl2洗脱,除去挥发物后,分离得到所要求的产物(5.68g),为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ 7.15-7.08(m,4H),7.05(m,3H),6.91(m,1H),4.39(d,1H,遮蔽),4.04(d,1H,J=14Hz),3.95(d,1H,J=14Hz),3.88(d,1H,J=12Hz),3.68(dd,1H,J=12,3Hz),3.52-3.36(m,4H),2.27(s,3H)。HPLC保留时间:6.88min,Zorbax C-18 4.6×75mm,2.5mL/min,检测波长220nm,8min梯度含0-100%B,保持3min 100% B。溶剂A:10%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。溶剂B:90%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。C20H24O6LC-MS(M+Na)分析计算值383。
A.
2-(4’-乙基苄基)苯酚
在Ar下,将60%NaH/矿油分散液(144mg,3.6mmol)滴加到搅拌的苯酚(284mg,3mmol)的PhMe(15mL)溶液中。10分钟后,加入对乙基苄基氯(1.23g,5.3mmol)的PhMe(2mL)溶液,然后在80℃下,将反应物加热6小时。冷却后,用旋转蒸发器除去挥发物,将残留物溶于15mLMeOH中。将该MeOH溶液用己烷提取4次,然后浓缩。将得到的残留物溶于1∶1 EtOAc/H2O(100mL)中,将pH调节至5,分离两相。经Na2SO4干燥,除去EtOAc,得到390mg粗品标题化合物2-(4’-乙基苄基)苯酚。制备性HPLC得到275mg纯2-(4’-乙基苄基)苯酚。
在20℃下,将2-(4’-乙基苄基)苯酚(212mg,1mmol)、2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(822mg,2mmol)和Ag2O(232mg,2mmol)的4mL二甲基吡啶混悬液搅拌14小时。HPLC检测完成80%的转化,再加入2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(411mg,1mmol)和Ag2O(116mg,1mmol),将反应物继续进行24小时。然后加入水(5mL)和1N aq.NaOH(2mL),将该混悬液搅拌16小时。将反应混合物用EtOAc提取2次。将EtOAc提取液经Na2SO4干燥,然后浓缩。得到的残留物经制备性HPLC纯化,得到8.7mg终产物。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.15(m,4H),7.08-7.01(m,3H),6.91(m,1H),4.91(d,1H,遮蔽),4.08(d,1H,J=14Hz),3.95(d,1H,J=14Hz),3.88(d,1H,J=12Hz),3.68(dd,1H,J=12,3Hz),3.53-3.37(m,4H),2.57(q,2H,J=7Hz),1.18(t,3H,J=7Hz)。HPLC保留时间:7.32min,Zorbax C-18 4.6×75mm,2.5mL/min,检测波长220nm,8min梯度含0-100%B,保持3min 100%B。溶剂A:10%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。溶剂B:90%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。C22H26O6 LC-MS(M+Na)分析计算值397。
实施例3
A.
2-苄氧基-4’-甲基二苯基醚
将2-苄氧基苯酚(5g,2.49mmol)、Cu(OAc)2(452mg,2.49mmol)、对甲基苯基硼酸(339mg,2.49mmol)和活化4_分子筛(10g)的CH2Cl2(8mL)混合液搅拌数分钟,然后加入Et3N(1.26g,12.5mmol),接着加入吡啶(0.99g,12.5mmol)。搅拌20小时后,将反应物通过硅藻土过滤,用CH2Cl2洗涤。浓缩滤液,残留物经硅胶层析,用4%EtOAc/己烷洗脱,得到280mg(39%)所要求的标题化合物2-苄氧基-4’-甲基二苯基醚。
B.
2-羟基-4’-甲基二苯基醚
在1atm H2下,将部分A化合物(280mg,0.96mmol)的MeOH(50mL)溶液与Pd/C(30mg)搅拌过夜。将反应物通过硅藻土过滤,用MeOH和CH2Cl2顺次洗涤。除去溶剂得到190mg标题化合物2-羟基-4’-甲基二苯基醚。
在65℃下,将含有部分B化合物(94mg,0.47mmol)、2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(185mg,0.45mmol)和Ag2O(62mg,0.27mmol)的1.0mL二甲基吡啶混悬液搅拌19小时。当HPLC分析反应完成50%时,再加入2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(185mg,0.45mmol)和Ag2O(62mg,0.27mmol),将反应物继续进行3小时。冷却后,加入1N HCl(25mL),然后用EtOAc提取3次(总体积75mL)。将合并的有机提取液用水、aq.NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥。真空除去溶剂后,得到50mg粗产物。不用纯化,将该物质在含有LiOH(4.7mg,0.17mmol)的1∶2∶3 H2O/THF/MeOH(1mL)中搅拌过夜。除去挥发物,残留物经制备性HPLC纯化,用YMC S5 C18反相柱10min梯度洗脱(30%-90%MeOH/H2O),冷冻干燥后得到26mg最终的O-葡糖苷。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ2.29(s,3H),3.34-3.42(m,4H),3.67(dd,1H,J=4.8,11.3Hz),3.85(dd,1H,J=2.2,11.9Hz),4.95(d,1H,J=7.0Hz),6.82-7.29(m,8H)。HPLC保留时间:6.47min,纯度97%,Zorbax C-18 4.6×75mm,2.5mL/min,检测波长220nm,8min梯度含0-100%B,保持3min 100%B。溶剂A:10%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。溶剂B:90%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。C19H22O7低分辨MS分析计算值:[M+Na]=385,[M+NH4]=380,[2M+NH4]=742,[M-H]=361,[2M-H]=723。
在20℃下,将2-硝基苯酚(1.67g,12mmol)、2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(4.5g,10.9mmol)和Ag2O(1.6g,7.1mmol)的20mL二甲基吡啶混悬液搅拌19小时。将反应物用250mL CH2Cl2稀释,通过硅藻土过滤。再用CH2Cl2洗涤硅藻土后,浓缩合并的有机部分,得到黄色残留物。用MeOH研磨(4X)溶解大部分杂质,得到4.15g所要求标题化合物2-硝基苯基-O-葡糖苷。
在1atm H2下,将部分溶于含有0.2g 10%Pd/C的35mL 2∶2∶3THF/DCE/MeOH中的部分A粗品化合物(2g)搅拌16小时,然后通过硅藻土过滤。将滤液(包括硅藻土层的MeOH洗液)浓缩,得到1.8g标题化合物邻苯胺基-O-葡糖苷。
将部分B化合物(100mg,0.23mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(2.5mg,0.01mmol)、BINAP(0.8mg,0.0014mmol)和三氟甲磺酸苯酯(51mg,0.23mmol)在含有1滴Et3N的PhMe(1mL)混合液中搅拌5分钟,然后加入Cs2CO3(103mg,0.32mmol)。加热至102℃,该亮黄色溶液变红。15小时后,HPLC表明残留物上有新的峰。试图通过加入其它反应组分以使其转化,但未成功。冷却至20℃后,用EtOAc稀释反应物,通过硅藻土过滤。浓缩滤液,残留物经硅胶层析,用3∶7 EtOAc/己烷洗脱,得到10mg所要求的标题产物。
在含有LiOH(1mg,0.023mmol)的1∶2∶3 H2O/THF/MeOH(0.6mL)中,将部分C的四乙酸酯(10mg,0.019mmol)搅拌过夜。用1N HCl中和后除去挥发物。残留物经制备性HPLC纯化,在YMC S5 C18反相柱上用10min梯度洗脱(30%-90%MeOH/H2O),冷冻干燥后得到3mg最终的葡糖苷。1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ3.37-3.52(m,4H),3.72(dd,1H,J=5Hz),3.89(dd,1H,J=2Hz),4.74(d,1H,J=8Hz),6.77-7.28(m,9H)。HPLC保留时间:6.2min,100%纯度,Zorbax C-18 4.6×75mm,2.5mL/min,检测波长220nm,8min梯度含0-100%B,保持3min 100%B。溶剂A:10%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。溶剂B:90%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。C18H22NO6低分辨MS[M+H]分析计算值=348。
A.
2-羟基-4’-二苯硫
将60%NaH/矿物油(260mg,6.5mmol)用戊烷洗涤2次,然后在0℃、Ar下,搅拌下将其混悬于THF(10mL)中,加入纯净的邻溴苯酚(500μL,746mg,4.3mmol)。在20℃下搅拌1小时后,将溶液冷却至-78℃,加入1.28M t-BuLi/己烷(3.7mL,4.7mmol)。10分钟后,加入3mL二对甲苯基二硫(1.06g,4.3mmol)的THF溶液。将反应物搅拌10分钟,然后温热至0℃,在此温度下保持1小时。加入2mL饱和NH4Cl水溶液猝灭反应物,然后用150mL EtOAc稀释。将EtOAc相用饱和NH4Cl水溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,浓缩得到黄色油状物(910mg)。硅胶层析,用5∶1己烷/EtOAc洗脱得到2-羟基-4’-二苯硫(555mg),为澄清油状物。
将部分A化合物(300mg,1.39mmol)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基吡啶(387mg,1.88mmol)、2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(661mg,1.61mmol)的9mL CH2Cl2溶液搅拌至均相,然后冷却至0℃。向该冷溶液中加入AgOTf(456mg,1.88mmol)后,将该反应物搅拌2.5小时,然后再加入2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基溴(274mg,0.66mmol)和AgOTf(157g,0.61mmol)。2小时后,将该混悬液直接装入硅胶柱上,开始用1∶2 EtOAc/己烷洗脱。首先洗脱的是不合要求的少量α端基异构体(99mg),接着是所要求的标题化合物四-乙酰氧基-β-O-葡糖苷(660mg)。
在含有LiOH(40mg,1mmol)的1∶2∶3 H2O/THF/MeOH(9.6mL)中,将部分B的四乙酸酯(525mg,0.96mmol)搅拌6小时。用1NHCl中和后除去挥发物。20%的残留物经制备性HPLC纯化,在YMC S5 C18反相柱上用10min梯度洗脱(50%-90%MeOH/H2O),冷冻干燥后得到24mg最终的葡糖苷。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.29(m,2H),7.18(m,4H),6.88(m,2H),4.98(d,1H,J=7.0Hz),3.88(m,1H),3.70(dd,1H,J=4.8,11.9Hz),3.43(m,4H),2.34(s,3H)。HPLC保留时间:6.85min;HI=100%;YMC S3柱ODS 4.6×50mm,2.5mL/min,检测波长220nm,8min梯度0-100%B,保持5min 100%B。溶剂A:10%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。溶剂B:90%MeOH/H2O+0.2%H3PO4。C19H22O6S LC-MS分析计算值:[M+H]379,[M+Na]401,[2M+Na]779。
实施例6-99
采用实施例1-5类似的方法,制备下表中的本发明化合物。 *(R6=H,除另有说明)
实施例编号 | A | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5* | MS或LC/MS(M+H)+ |
6 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | H | 347 |
7 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 2-HO | 363 |
8 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-MeO | 377 |
9 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-tBu | 403 |
10 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-MeS | 393 |
11 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-Ph | 423 |
12 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-BnO | 453 |
13 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-iPr | 389 |
14 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-Cl | 381 |
15 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-MeSO2 | 425 |
16 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-CF3 | 415 |
17 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-CF3O | 431 |
18 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-OCH2CO2H | 426 |
19 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-OCH2CO2Me | 435 |
20 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-OCH2CONEt2 | 476 |
21 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-OCH2CH2NMe2 | 434 |
22 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-苯乙烯基 | 449 |
23 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 3-Me | 361 |
24 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 3-MeO | 377 |
25 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 2-MeO | 377 |
26 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 2-Et | 375 |
27 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 2,4-Me2 | 375 |
28 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 3-Cl,4-Me | 394 |
29 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 3,4-OCH2O | 391 |
30 | CH2 | Cl | H | H | H | H | 381 |
31 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | H | 361 |
32 | CH2 | H | Me | H | H | H | 361 |
33 | CH2 | H | F | H | H | H | 365 |
34 | CH2 | H | Cl | H | H | H | 381 |
35 | CH2 | H | (p-MeBn) | H | H | H | 465 |
36 | CH2 | H | Cl | H | H | 2-HO,5-Cl | 431 |
37 | CH2 | H | Cl | H | Br | H | 459 |
38 | CH2 | H | Br | H | Br | H | 503 |
39 | CH2 | H | (1,1,3,3-Me4-Bu) | H | H | 2,4-Cl2 | 527 |
40 | CH2 | H | H | MeO | H | H | 377 |
41 | CH2 | H | H | MeO | H | 4-Me | 391 |
42 | CH2 | H | H | PrO | H | H | 405 |
43 | CH2 | H | H | Me | H | H | 361 |
44 | CH2 | H | H | Cl | H | H | 381 |
45 | CH2 | H | H | H | Cl | H | 381 |
46 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-MeS | 407 |
47 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-HO | 377 |
48 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-Me | 375 |
49 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-MeSO2 | 439 |
50 | 键 | H | H | H | H | H | 333 |
51 | (CH2)2 | H | H | H | H | H | 361 |
52 | (CH2)3 | H | H | H | H | H | 375 |
53 | OCH2 | H | H | H | H | H | 363 |
54 | OCH2CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-MeO | 407 |
55 | NH | H | H | H | H | 4-Me | 361 |
56 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | H | 362 |
57 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-Me | 376 |
58 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 2,3-苯并 | 412 |
59 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-MeO | 392 |
60 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-CF3 | 430 |
61 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 3-Me | 376 |
62 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-Me2N | 405 |
63 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-MeS | 408 |
64 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 2-Me | 376 |
65 | NHCH2 | H | H | H | H | 2,3-OCH2O | 406 |
66 | NHCH2CH2 | H | H | H | H | H | 376 |
实施例67 实施例68 实施例69
M+H398 M+H353 M+H374 *(R6=H,除另有说明)
实施例编号 | A | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | MS或LC/MS(M+H)+ |
70 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-Me | 392(M+NH4) |
71 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-Et | 387(M-H) |
72 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-Cl | |
73 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-MeS | |
74 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-MeO | |
75 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-HO | |
76 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-MeSO2 | |
77 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-CF3O | 502(M-H+MeCO2 -) |
78 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-CF3 | |
79 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-Ac | |
80 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-HOCH2 | |
81 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 4-CHF2O | |
82 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-Et | |
83 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-CHF2O | |
84 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | H | 378(M+NH4) |
85 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-Cl | |
86 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-AC | |
87 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-HOCH2 | |
88 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-CF3O | |
89 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 4-CH3O | 408(M+NH4) |
90 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-Ac | |
91 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-HOCH2 | |
92 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 4-CHF2O |
实施例编号 | A | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | 杂芳基 |
93 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 2-吡啶 |
94 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 3-吡啶 |
95 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 2-噁唑 |
96 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 2-噻唑 |
97 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 2-苯并噻唑 |
98 | CH2 | H | H | H | H | 3-喹啉 |
99 | CH2 | Me | H | H | H | 2-噁唑 |
100 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 2-噻唑 |
101 | CH2 | H | H | H | Me | 2-噁唑 |
Claims (26)
1.一种具有下式结构的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、其所有的立体异构体及其所有的前药酯:其中
R1、R2、R3和R4相同或不同,独立选自氢、OH、OR7、低级烷基或卤素,或者R1、R2、R3和R4中的两个与其相连的碳原子一起可形成稠合的5、6或7元碳环或杂环,其在环中可含有1-4个为N、O、S、SO和/或SO2的杂原子;
R5和R6相同或不同,独立选自氢、OH、OR7a、-O芳基、-OCH2芳基、低级烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、CF3、芳基链烯基、-OCHF2、-OCF3、卤素、-CN、-CO2R7b、-CO2H、COR8f、CHOHR8g、CH(OR7h)R8h、-CONR8R8a、-NHCOR7c、-NHSO2R7d、-NHSO2芳基、-SR7e、-SOR7f、-SO2R7g、-SO2芳基、-OCH2CO2R7i、-OCH2CO2H、-OCH2CONR8bR8c、-OCH2CH2NR8dR8e、或者在环中可含有1-4个为N、O、S、SO和/或SO2的杂原子的5、6或7元杂环,或者R5和R6与其相连的碳原子一起形成稠合的5、6或7元碳环或杂环,其在环中可含有1-4个为N、O、S、SO和/或SO2的杂原子;
R7、R7a、R7b、R7c、R7d、R7e、R7f、R7g、R7h和R7i独立是低级烷基;
R8、R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d、R8e、R8f、R8g和R8h相同或不同,独立选自氢、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、环烷基,或者与其相连的氮原子一起形成在环中可含有1-4个为N、O、S、SO和/或SO2的杂原子的稠合的5、6或7元杂环;
A是O(CH2)m、S、NH(CH2)m或者(CH2)n,其中n是0-3,m是0-2,
1)当R1是OH,R3是烷基时,R1、R4、R5和R6至少其中之一不是氢;
2)当R2和R3是OH时,R1、R4、R5和R6至少其中之一不是氢;
3)当R2是甲基,R5是OH,R6是烷基时,R1、R3和R4至少其中之一不是氢;以及
4)当R2是氯时,R1、R3、R4、R5和R6至少其中之一不是氢。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中Y是杂芳基。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中A是O(CH2)m。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中A是S。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中A是NH(CH2)m。
7.权利要求1的化合物,其中A是(CH2)n。
9.权利要求8的化合物,其中A是CH2;R1是H、卤素或烷基,R2、R3和R5各自是氢。
11.具有以下结构的权利要求1的化合物: *R6=H,除另有说明
A
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
CH2
H
H
H
H
H
CH2
H
H
H
H
2-HO
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-MeO
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-tBu
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-MeS
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-Ph
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-BnO
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-iPr
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-Cl
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-MeSO2
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-CF3
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-CF3O
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-OCH2CO2H
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-OCH2CO2Me
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-OCH2CONEt2
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-OCH2CH2NMe2
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-苯乙烯基
CH2
H
H
H
H
3-Me
CH2
H
H
H
H
3-MeO
CH2
H
H
H
H
2-MeO
CH2
H
H
H
H
2-Et
CH2
H
H
H
H
2,4-Me2
CH2
H
H
H
H
3-Cl,4-Me
CH2
H
H
H
H
3,4-OCH2O
CH2
Cl
H
H
H
H
CH2
Me
H
H
H
H
CH2
H
Me
H
H
H
CH2
H
F
H
H
H
CH2
H
Cl
H
H
H
CH2
H
(p-MeBn)
H
H
H
CH2
H
Cl
H
H
2-HO,5-Cl
CH2
H
Cl
H
Br
H
CH2
H
Br
H
Br
H
CH2
H
(1,1,3,3-Me4-Bu)
H
H
2,4-Cl2
CH2
H
H
MeO
H
H
CH2
H
H
MeO
H
4-Me
CH2
H
H
PrO
H
H
CH2
H
H
Me
H
H
CH2
H
H
Cl
H
H
CH2
H
H
H
Cl
H
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-MeS
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-HO
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-Me
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-MeSO2
键 H H H H H
(CH2)2 H H H H H
(CH2)3
H
H
H
H
H
OCH2
H
H
H
H
H
OCH2CH2
H
H
H
H
4-MeO
NH
H
H
H
H
4-Me
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
H
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
4-Me
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
2,3-杂并
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
4-MeO
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
4-CF3
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
3-Me
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
4-Me2N
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
4-MeS
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
2-Me
NHCH2
H
H
H
H
2,3-OCH2O
NHCH2CH2
H
H
H
H
H
*R6=H,除另有说明
A
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-Me
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-Et
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-C1
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-MeS
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-MeO
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-HO
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-MeSO2
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-CF3O
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-CF3
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-Ac
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-HOCH2
CH2
Me
H
H
H
4-CHF2O
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-Et
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-CHF2O
CH2 H H H Me H
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-Cl
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-AC
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-HOCH2
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-CF3O
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-Ac
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-HOCH2
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-CHF3O
A
R1
R2
R3
R4
CH2
H
H
H
H
2-吡啶
CH2
H
H
H
H
3-吡啶
CH2
H
H
H
H
2-噁唑
CH2
H
H
H
H
2-噻唑
CH2
H
H
H
H
2-苯并噻唑
CH2
H
H
H
H
3-喹啉
CH2
Me
H
H
H
2-噁唑
CH2
H
H
H
Me
2-噻唑
CH2
H
H
H
Me
2-噁唑。
12.具有以下结构的权利要求1的化合物: *R6=H,除另有说明
A
R2
R3
R3
R4
R5
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-MeO
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-tBu
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-MeS
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-iPr
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-Cl
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-CF3
CH2
H
H
H
H
4-CF3O
CH2
Me
H
H
H
H
CH2
H
H
H
Me
4-MeS
CH2 H H H Me 4-Me
CH2
Cl
H
H
H
H
13.一种药用组合物,它包含权利要求1的化合物以及药学上可接受的载体。
14.一种药用组合,它包含权利要求1的SGLT2抑制剂化合物以及除SGLT2抑制剂之外的抗糖尿病药、抗肥胖药和/或降血脂药。
15.权利要求14的药用组合,它包含该SGLT2抑制剂化合物以及抗糖尿病药。
16.权利要求15的组合,其中该抗糖尿病药是1、2、3或更多种双胍、磺酰脲、葡糖苷酶抑制剂、PPAR γ激动剂、PPARα/γ双重激动剂、aP2抑制剂、DP4抑制剂、胰岛素敏化剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)、胰岛素和/或氯茴苯酸。
17.权利要求16的组合,其中该抗糖尿病药是以下药物中的1、2、3或更多种:二甲双胍、格列本脲、格列美脲、glipyride、格列吡嗪、氯磺丙脲、格列齐特、阿卡波糖、米格列醇、吡格列酮、曲格列酮、rosiglitazone、胰岛素、G1-262570、isaglitazone、JTT-501、NN-2344、L895645、YM-440、R-119702、AJ9677、瑞格列奈、nateglinide、KAD1129、AR-HO39242、GW-409544、KRP297、AC2993、LY315902和/或NVP-DPP-728A。
18.权利要求15的组合,其中存在的该化合物与所述抗糖尿病药的重量比在约0.01至约300∶1的范围之内。
19.权利要求14的组合,其中所述抗肥胖药是β3肾上腺素能激动剂、脂酶抑制剂、5-羟色胺(和多巴胺)再吸收抑制剂、甲状腺受体β化合物和/或食欲抑制药。
20.权利要求19的组合,其中该抗肥胖药是奥利司他、ATL-962、AJ9677、L750355、CP331648、西布曲明、托吡酯、axokine、右苯丙胺、芬特明、苯丙醇胺和/或马吲哚。
21.权利要求14的组合,其中该降血脂药是MTP抑制剂、HMGCoA还原酶抑制剂、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、fibric acid衍生物、LDL受体活性正调节物、脂氧化酶抑制剂或ACAT抑制剂。
22.权利要求21的组合,其中该降血脂药是普伐他汀、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、atorvastatin、cerivastatin、氟伐他汀、nisvastatin、visastatin、非诺贝特、吉非贝特、氯贝丁酯、avasimibe、TS-962、MD-700和/或LY295427。
23.权利要求21的组合,其中存在的所述aP2抑制剂与所述降血脂药的重量比在约0.01至约100∶1的范围之内。
24.一种治疗糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、糖尿病性神经病、糖尿病性肾病、伤口愈合、胰岛素抵抗、高血糖、高胰岛素血症、X综合症、糖尿病并发症或者游离脂肪酸或甘油的血浆水平增高、高脂血症、肥胖症、高甘油三酯血症、动脉粥样硬化、高血压的方法,或者增高高密度脂蛋白水平的方法,该方法包括给予需要此种治疗的哺乳动物治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
26.一种治疗II型糖尿病的方法,该方法包括将单独的或者与1、2或更多种其它抗糖尿病药和/或1、2或更多种降血脂药联合的治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物给予需要此种治疗的哺乳动物。
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KR100798203B1 (ko) | 2008-01-24 |
DE60117012D1 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
US20020111315A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
AU4959801A (en) | 2001-10-15 |
MXPA02009522A (es) | 2003-05-14 |
DE60117012T2 (de) | 2006-08-31 |
CN1275977C (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
ES2258079T3 (es) | 2006-08-16 |
EP1268502A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
RU2269540C2 (ru) | 2006-02-10 |
BR0109326A (pt) | 2004-03-30 |
HK1049168A1 (en) | 2003-05-02 |
ATE316976T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
NO20024642L (no) | 2002-11-21 |
NZ520822A (en) | 2005-03-24 |
JP2004500416A (ja) | 2004-01-08 |
ZA200207030B (en) | 2003-12-02 |
US6683056B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 |
NO20024642D0 (no) | 2002-09-27 |
PL365176A1 (en) | 2004-12-27 |
IL151473A0 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
CA2404373A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
HUP0301513A2 (hu) | 2003-09-29 |
AU2001249598B2 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
HUP0301513A3 (en) | 2007-05-29 |
WO2001074834A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
JP4986202B2 (ja) | 2012-07-25 |
KR20030007488A (ko) | 2003-01-23 |
EP1268502B1 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
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