CN1396926A - 3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的2.5水合物或-水合物的选择性结晶 - Google Patents

3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的2.5水合物或-水合物的选择性结晶 Download PDF

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CN1396926A
CN1396926A CN01804299A CN01804299A CN1396926A CN 1396926 A CN1396926 A CN 1396926A CN 01804299 A CN01804299 A CN 01804299A CN 01804299 A CN01804299 A CN 01804299A CN 1396926 A CN1396926 A CN 1396926A
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F·D·凯泽
G·E·佩里
D·M·比林斯
N·L·雷德曼-富里
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Abstract

本发明公开了3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠2.5水合物和一水合物,通过控制成核作用温度和结晶速度制备所述2.5水合物或一水合物的方法,以及含有上述一种或两种水合物形式的药物组合物。

Description

3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的2.5水合物 或一水合物的选择性结晶
                       技术领域
本发明涉及3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠2.5水合物和一水合物,含有所述2.5水合物和/或一水合物的组合物,以及选择性结晶2.5水合物和一水合物的方法。
                       交叉参考
根据35 U.S.C.119(e),本申请要求以2000年2月1日提交的临时申请序列号60/179,505为优先权基础。
                        发明背景
已有建议,将二膦酸例如3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸(利塞膦酸)用于治疗骨和钙代谢疾病。所述疾病包括骨质疏松、甲状旁腺机能亢进、恶性肿瘤相关的血钙过多、骨质溶解骨转移瘤、进行性骨化性肌炎(myosistis ossifcansprogressiva)、全身性钙沉着、关节炎、神经炎、滑囊炎、肌腱炎和其它炎性病症。目前已经用EHDP(乙烷-1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸)和利塞膦酸成功地治疗了佩吉特氏病和异促骨化(heterotropic ossification)。
二膦酸可以抑制骨组织吸收,这对于度骨过度流失的患者是有益的。但是,尽管在生物活性上有某些类似,所有二膦酸的生物活性程度并不同。某些二膦酸对动物具有严重的毒性,并会在人体内产生耐药性或副作用。二膦酸的盐和水合物形式改变了它们的溶解度和生物利用度。
文献记载,某些二膦酸及其盐能够形成水合物,利塞膦酸钠有三种水合状态:一水合物、2.5水合物和无水形式。目前需要一种能选择性得到2.5水合物或一水合物形式的结晶方法。本申请描述了以上2.5水合物和一水合物结晶的形式,含有所述2.5水合物和一水合物晶体形式的组合物以及这些结晶的选择性形成。
                         发明概述
本发明公开了3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠2.5水合物和一水合物,含有所述2.5水合物和/或一水合物的组合物,以及所述2.5水合物和一水合物的选择性结晶方法。成核作用的温度和结晶速度是控制水合物形成比例的关键变量。
                        发明详述
本发明涉及3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的2.5水合物和一水合物,以及含有所述2.5水合物和/或一水合物的组合物。本发明还描述了选择性结晶偕二膦酸酯、利塞膦酸钠、3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的2.5水合物和一水合物的新方法。
                       利塞膦酸钠
利塞膦酸钠,即利塞膦酸的一钠盐,有三种晶体水合状态:无水形式、一水合物和2.5水合物。优选的是一水合物和2.5水合物。
由于在典型的加工条件下可观察到一水合物晶体向2.5水合物的转化,因此认为2.5水合物是该条件下的热力学优势晶体形式。
一水合物中约含水5.0-7.1wt%,以约5.6-6.5wt%为佳,约5.6wt%最好。进一步对一水合物进行了单晶X射线晶格研究和热重量分析。在X射线粉末衍射、差示扫描量热法、傅里叶变换红外光谱或者近红外光谱法检测中,一水合物形式也表现出独特的特征。
2.5水合物约含水11.9-13.9wt%,以约12.5-13.2wt%为佳,约12.9wt%最好。进一步2.5水合物进行了单晶X射线晶格研究和热重量分析。在X射线粉末衍射、差示扫描量热法、傅里叶变换红外光谱或者近红外光谱法检测中,2.5水合物形式也表现出独特的特征。
成核作用的温度和结晶速度是控制水合物形成比例的关键变量。成核作用的温度可以通过控制水与溶质之比、溶液温度和有机溶剂与水之比来控制。
利塞膦酸钠2.5水合物是上述典型加工条件下的热力学优势形式。本发明组合物所含利塞膦酸钠水合物为约50-100wt%,以约80-100wt%为佳,最好约90-100wt%的利塞膦酸钠2.5水合物和约50-0wt%,以约20-0wt%为佳,最好约10-0wt%的利塞膦酸钠一水合物。
改变上述反应条件可以选择性地产生一水合物晶体形式。组合物所含利塞膦酸钠水合物为约50-99wt%,以约80-99wt%为佳,最好约95-99wt%的利塞膦酸钠一水合物和约50-1wt%,以约20-1wt%为佳,最好约5-1wt%的利塞膦酸钠2.5水合物。
本发明还包括含有所述2.5水合物和一水合物的药物组合物。
                     术语的定义和用法
下面是本文所用术语的定义一览表:
本文所用术语“利塞膦酸”是指3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸,它具有以下结构:
Figure A0180429900051
在1996年12月10日授权Benedict等,已转让给Procter & Gamble Co.的美国专利5,583,122和1990年5月21至22日由IBC Technical Services组织的“AnAmerican Conference,Bisphosphonates:Current Status and future Prospects”(TheRoyal College of Physicians,London,England)中有更多关于的化合物利塞膦酸的描述。两篇文献均引入本文作为参考。
本文所用术语“溶剂”是能够将另一种物质溶解形成均匀溶液的物质。所述溶剂可以是极性或非极性的。溶剂选自醇、酯、醚、酮、酰胺和腈。最优选的是异丙醇。
                              方法
本发明方法的特征在于易于改变以适用于工业生产。下面的非限制性实施例说明了本发明的方法。
可通过改变结晶参数以控制成核作用的温度和结晶速度,从而控制3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的水合程度。通过改变水与3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠之比和异丙醇与水之比以及温度,可以有效地控制产物中2.5水合物与一水合物晶体形式之比(见下文)。一般步骤
根据结晶条件,在0至75℃,优选25至75℃,更优选45至75℃,3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠水溶液将选择性地产生一水合物或2.5水合物晶体形式。成核作用的温度和结晶速度控制着水合程度,改变水与异丙醇之比,水溶液的温度及其冷却速度控制着所形成的水合状态之比。
表1所示为选择性生产含有不同比例2.5水合物与一水合物的3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的8种反应条件的实施例。一水合物的理论含水量是5.6%,2.5水合物的理论含水量是12.9%。
                                 表1
实施例     水的重量(x=化合物2的重量) 异丙醇的重量 IPA添加温度(℃)  冷却速度(℃)   %H2OKF
    1     8.72X     2.94X     70  70℃保温     5.7
    2     22X     160X@0℃     70  2分钟内由70至0℃,骤冷     5.9
    3     7.2X     1.08X     75  4小时内由75至60℃,2小时内由60至25℃     9.6
    4     9X     1.26X     75  4小时内由75至60℃,2小时内由60至25℃     11.4
    5     8.2X     0.9X     60  60℃保温4小时2小时内由60至25℃     12.3
    6     9.5X     1.05X     60  2小时内由60至25℃     13.0
    7     8.2X     1.39X     60  60℃保温4小时2小时内由60至25℃     13.0
    8     8.2X     1.15X     60  2小时内由60至25℃     13.1
实施例1:2.5水合物
可使成核温度为25至70℃、优选50至70℃,冷却速度为每分钟0.1至5℃,优选每分钟0.1-2℃的条件将产生2.5水合物。在约60℃,将3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸悬浮在水中,用氢氧化钠调节pH至4.7至5.0,向所得溶液中加入异丙醇,冷却该悬浮液,并过滤收集产物,可得到2.5水合物。
实施例2:一水合物
可使成核温度为高于45℃,优选高于55℃,并进行适当时间的保温,不进行冷却或者快速骤冷的条件将产生一水合物。将3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠水溶液在70℃保温,一水合物缓慢结晶,过滤分离出热溶液中的结晶。相反,将70℃的水溶液直接在0℃的异丙醇中骤冷也将得到一水合物晶体。
                             组合物
本发明制备的化合物可用于药物组合物。术语“药物组合物”是指包含安全有效量的活性成分和可药用赋形剂的剂型。本发明所述药物组合物包含约0.1-99%,优选约0.5-95%二膦酸酯活性成分,和约1-99.9%,优选5.00-99.90%可药用赋形剂。对于利塞膦酸钠一水合物或2.5水合物而言,若是口服组合物,宜包括0.25-40%,优选约0.5-30%利塞膦酸活性成分和约60-97%,优选约70-99.5%可药用赋形剂。
本文所述“安全有效量”是指在可靠的医药判断范围内,化合物或组分的量高到足以显著改善所治疗的症状和/或病症,同时又低至足以防止产生严重的副作用(有合理的效/险比)。用于本发明方法的活性成分的安全有效量将根据所治疗的具体病症、接受治疗患者的年龄和身体条件、病症的严重程度、治疗持续期间、并行治疗的性质、所使用的具体活性成分和所使用的具体可药用赋形剂等主治医师的专长与专门知识范围内的因素而改变。
术语“利塞膦酸活性成分”包括利塞膦酸、利塞膦酸盐和利塞膦酸酯或它们的任意混合物。利塞膦酸的任何可药用无毒盐或酯可以用作本发明剂型中的利塞膦酸活性成分。利塞膦酸盐可以是酸加成盐,特别是利塞膦酸盐酸盐,当然,任何可药用无毒有机酸或无机酸的盐均可使用。此外,可以使用与膦酸基形成的盐,包括但不限于碱金属盐(钾,钠)和碱土金属盐(钙,镁),优选钙盐和钠盐。
具体地说,适于用作本发明活性成分的二膦酸酯是直链或支链C1-C18烷酯,包括但不限于:甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、丁酯、异丁酯、戊酯、己酯、庚酯、辛酯、壬酯、癸酯、十二烷基酯、十四烷基酯、十六烷基酯和十八烷基酯;直链或支链C2-C18链烯基酯,包括但不限于:乙烯酯、烯丙酯(alkyl)、十一碳烯酯和十八三烯(linolenyl)酯;C3-C8环烷酯,包括但不限于:环丙酯、环丁酯、环戊酯、环己酯、环庚酯和环辛酯;芳酯,包括但不限于:苯酯、甲苯甲酰酯、二甲苯酯和萘酯;脂环烃酯,包括但不限于:薄荷基酯;和芳烷酯,包括但不限于苄酯和苯乙酯。
本文所用术语“可药用赋形剂”包括本领域专业人员已知的任何生理惰性、无药学活性的物质。这些物质与选用的具体活性成分具有物理和化学特性相容性。可药用赋形剂包括但不限于:聚合物、树脂、增塑剂、填充剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、溶剂、助溶剂、缓冲体系、表面活性剂、防腐剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、药用级染料和颜料。在本发明所述药物组合物中所含的全部或部分可药用赋形剂可用于制备本发明所述新口服剂型中的膜包衣。
本文所用术语“口服剂型”是指任何经所述个体口服,对个体的胃给药的药物组合物。
如上文所述,可药用赋形剂包括但不限于:聚合物、树脂、增塑剂、填充剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、溶剂、助溶剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、缓冲体系、药用级染料和颜料。
优选的溶剂是水。
适用于本发明的芳香剂包括在Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences(第18版,Mack Publishing Company,1990,第1288-1300页)中所述的那些。该文献引入本文作为参考。适用于本发明的染料或颜料包括在Handbook of PharmaceuticalExcipients(第二版,第126-134页,1994,the American Pharmaceutical Association& the Pharmaceutical Press)中所述的那些。该手册引入本文作为参考。
优选的助溶剂包括但不限于:乙醇、甘油、丙二醇和聚乙二醇。
优选的缓冲体系包括但不限于:乙酸钾、硼酸、碳酸、磷酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、苯甲酸、乳酸、甘油酸、葡糖酸、戊二酸和谷氨酸。特别优选的是磷酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸和乙酸钾。
优选的表面活性剂包括但不限于:聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯单烷基醚、蔗糖单酯以及羊毛脂酯和醚。
优选的防腐剂包括但不限于:苯酚、对羟基苯甲酸烷酯、苯甲酸及其盐、硼酸及其盐、山梨酸及其盐、氯丁醇(chorbutanol)、苄醇、乙基汞硫代水杨酸钠、硝甲酚汞、硝酸苯汞、苯扎氯铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯。特别优选的是苯甲酸盐、氯化十六烷基吡啶、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯。
优选的甜味剂包括但不限于:蔗糖、葡萄糖、糖精和天冬甜素。特别优选的是蔗糖和糖精。
优选的粘合剂包括但不限于:甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素、卡波姆、聚维酮、金合欢、瓜耳胶、黄原胶和黄蓍胶。特别优选的是甲基纤维素、卡波姆、黄原胶、瓜耳胶、聚维酮和羧甲基纤维素钠。
优选的填充剂包括但不限于:乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖糊精、甘露糖醇、淀粉和微晶纤维素。
优选的增塑剂包括但不限于:聚乙二醇、丙二醇、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和蓖麻子油、乙酰化甘油单酯和甘油三乙酸酯。
优选的润滑剂包括但不限于:硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸和滑石。
优选的崩解剂包括但不限于:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基钠淀粉、羟乙酸钠淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸、粘土和离子交换树脂。
优选的聚合物包括但不限于:羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)本身和/或其与下列物质的组合:羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂例如EudragitRL30D(Rohm Pharma GmbH Weiderstadt,West Germany)、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,或其它市售的膜包衣制剂,例如Dri-Klear(Crompton &Knowles Corp.,Mahwah,NJ)或Opadry(Colorcon,West Point,PA)。
其它制剂也可用于二膦酸活性成分给药。所述制剂包括但不限于:凝胶制剂,如WO97/29754和EP 0 407 344所述;泡腾制剂,如WO97/44017所述;离子渗透制剂,如美国专利5,730,715所述;和透皮制剂,如EP 0 407 345所述。
本发明组合物在给药剂型和给药间隔上允许更大的灵活性。例如,本发明组合物可以每天、每周、每两周或每月给药。安全有效量将根据所治疗的具体病症、接受治疗患者的年龄和身体条件、病症的严重程度、治疗持续期间和并行治疗的性质而不同。

Claims (10)

1.一种选择性制备3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠2.5水合物和一水合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的水溶液;
b)将该水溶液加热至约45-75℃;
c)向该水溶液中加入溶剂,所述溶选自:醇、酯、醚、酮、酰胺和腈;
d)任选地将该水溶液冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,将水溶液加热至约55-75℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,将水溶液加热至约70℃,并且不冷却该水溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,将水溶液加热至约约50-70℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,以约每分钟约0.1-2℃的速度冷却该水溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,将水溶液加热至约60℃,然后用约2小时将其冷却至约25℃。
7.根据权利要求11所述的方法,将水溶液加热至约60℃,该温度保温约4小时,然后用约2小时将其冷却至约25℃。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,所述溶剂是异丙醇。
9.一种药物组合物,含有3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠,所述3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠是约50-100%的2.5水合物和约50-0%的一水合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物组合物,所述3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠是约90%-100%的2.5水合物和约10-0%的一水合物。
CNB018042996A 2000-02-01 2001-02-01 3-吡啶基-1-羟基亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸钠的2.5水合物或-水合物的选择性结晶 Expired - Lifetime CN1183148C (zh)

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