CN1200622C - 以小豆为原料的健康饮料及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种健康饮料及其制造方法，该健康饮料有效利用富含矿物质成分和多酚成分的小豆。将需要量的小豆洗净后，在一定的加热条件下提取，得到含有矿物质和多酚的提取液，将该提取液稀释至规定浓度，将得到的调整液充填到容器中，加热该容器，冷却后静置，得到含有钠、钙、镁、钾、铁、鞣质的来自于小豆的健康饮料。
Description
本发明涉及一种健康饮料及其制造方法，该健康饮料含有包含在小豆中的钠、钙、镁、钾、铁等矿物质成分和鞣质等的多酚成分，其中糖质、脂质、蛋白质等能源类的含量少。
一直以来，作为含有糖质、脂质、蛋白质等能源类的高营养价的豆类的小豆，被用作制造汁粉、馅子、羊羹等的原料。
另一方面，近年来随着生活环境和饮食生活的变化，因热量过剩摄取而导致的中性脂肪的增加、动脉硬化、高血压症、糖尿病等生活习惯病的增加一直被视为问题，作为其对策，低热量且可简单摄取维生素、矿物质类的所谓健康饮料受到人们的注目。
这种健康饮料，提出了以例如大豆、黑豆、小豆等含有植物性蛋白、各种维生素、脂肪、矿物质的营养均衡的豆类为原料的健康饮料(如特开平11-18738号公报、特开2000-189123号公报等)。
但是，提出的这些以豆类为原料的健康饮料，因为主要是着眼于作为咖啡代用物的强色调、与咖啡类似的风味和色感，所以以黑豆为必须材料，小豆只是用于辅助性地产生甜味和风味。
本发明鉴于现有的技术中存在的问题，目的在于提供一种新型的健康饮料及其制造方法，有效利用富含钠、钙、镁、钾、铁等矿物质成分和鞣质等的多酚成分的小豆。
本发明人等着眼于富含钠、钙、镁、钾、铁等矿物质成分和鞣质等的多酚成分的小豆，进行了锐意的研究，结果发现利用一定的加热条件，可以高效地提取小豆中含有的矿物质成分和多酚成分，同时抑制糖质、脂质、蛋白质等的提取，而且通过在一定条件下熟成该提取液，可以从上述的含有矿物质类和多酚类的提取液中除去涩味，产生清爽的风味，而且可以有效利用小豆的红色，提供外观鲜艳的新型健康饮料，从而完成了本发明。
本发明的以小豆为原料的健康饮料，含有从小豆中提取的成分，该提取成分本质上是钠、钙、镁、钾、铁等矿物质成分和鞣质等的多酚成分。
本发明的的健康饮料中含有的各成分的机能如下。
[钠]
降低肌肉或神经的兴奋性，同时保持血浆等细胞外液的渗透压为一定，保持体内的碱性。促进消化液的分泌，防止食欲不振、倦怠、精神不安等。
[钙]
组成骨骼、牙齿等硬组织，同时使血液为碱性，与血液的凝固作用有关。增加心肌的收缩作用。
[镁]
提高肌肉对刺激的兴奋性，另一方面，降低神经对刺激的兴奋性。使某种酶的作用活化。防止因血管扩张导致的心迹亢进。
[钾]
调节心脏机能、肌肉机能，同时保持细胞内液的渗透压为一定。防止肌肉力的降低导致的肌无力或肠闭塞，防止膀胱的扩张，防止反射低下，改善过敏体质，除去体内的废物等。通过与钠共存，调整体内的水分平衡，保持心跳节律正常。
[铁]
运输包含在红细胞的血红蛋白中的氧，同时将肝脏的肌红蛋白中含有的血中氧摄入细胞内。广泛分布于全身的细胞中，与氧的活化有关，有燃烧营养素的作用。可以防止贫血、防止疲劳、防止幼儿的发育迟缓。
[鞣质]
具有抗氧化作用，抑制体内的过氧化脂质的发生，有抑制发生癌症的能力。
为使上述各成分有效地发挥机能，并产生作为饮料的风味和香味，优选含有钠0.5-1mg/100ml、钙1-2mg/100ml、镁1-2mg/100ml、钾10-20mg/100ml、铁0.01-0.05mg/100ml、鞣质25-35mg/100ml。如果在该范围之外，则涩味很强，不适合饮用，而且也不能有效发挥各成分的机能。
特别优选的含有比例是，钠0.8mg/100ml、钙1.3mg/100ml、镁1.6mg/100ml、钾16.3mg/100ml、铁0.03mg/100ml、鞣质30.0mg/100ml，在该含有比例下，各成分的机能有效发挥，可以发出适合作为饮料用的风味和香味。
但是，小豆一般因品种、产地、收获年度、保管方法等的不同而品质不同，此外为维持自身生命要自分解一些淀粉或蛋白质，种比例(皮部分及皮部分以外的比例)发生变化。鉴于小豆这种特有的性质，在制造以小豆为原料的本发明的健康饮料时，应该抑制苦味和涩味较强的分子键长的成分的流出，研究的结果表明，进行矿物质、多酚成分的提取后，将该提取液供给到加热行程中，可以结合苦味和涩味较弱的分子键短的成分，发出圆滑的风味，在上述加热行程后，静置一定时间，熟成提取液，使风味和色调稳定，成为适合于饮料用的状态，从而完成了本发明的制造方法。
也就是说，本发明的以小豆为原料的健康饮料的优选制造方法，是将需要量的小豆洗净后，在一定的加热条件下提取，得到含有矿物质和多酚的提取液，将该提取液稀释至规定浓度，将得到的调整液充填到容器中，加热该密闭容器，冷却后再静置。
上述的提取优选用80-100℃的热水煮20-60分钟。如果利用该条件，可以有效地提取小豆中含有的矿物质成分和多酚成分，同时抑制糖质、脂质、蛋白质等的提取。
提取液的稀释是将各成分的浓度调整如下，钠0.5-1mg/100ml、钙1-2mg/100ml、镁1-2mg/100ml、钾10-20mg/100ml、铁0.01-0.05mg/100ml、鞣质25-35mg/100ml，由此可以有效发挥各成分的机能并产生适合饮料用的风味和香味。
对密闭容器的加热优选在110-130℃下加热30-45分钟。在这种加热条件下，可以使密闭容器内的调整液发色，同时消除涩味，生成适合于饮料的风味。
密闭容器的静置，优选在15-30℃下静置3-7天。在该静置条件下，可以使上述密闭容器内的调整液的发色进一步加深，同时提高风味，发出适合于饮料的味、香和色。
另外，本发明的以小豆为原料的健康饮料的制造方法是，将需要量的小豆洗净后，用80-100℃的热水煮20-60分钟，提取小豆中含有的矿物质成分和多酚成分，将该提取液稀释至一定浓度，将得到的调整液在120-135℃下加热后保持5-40分钟，使上述调整液发色，同时生成风味，然后冷却，充填至容器内，密封，再在15-30℃下静置3-7天，使该容器内的调整液的发色再进一步加深，使风味更稳定。
图1是表示本发明的制造方法的一例的流程图。
图2是表示本发明的制造方法的另一例的流程图。
以下给出具体的实施例来说明本发明的以小豆为原料的健康饮料及其制造方法。
首先说明图1中给出的第1例。本例中使用的小豆只要是食品用的则没有任何限制，本例中使用“北海小豆”。
选择色、形等条件均好的该种小豆30kg，用水洗净后，投入到加入了300kg的水的锅状容器中，在80-100℃下煮20-60分钟，优选在90-100℃下煮30-60分钟，得到含有矿物质成分和多酚成分的，但糖质、脂质、蛋白质的提取被抑制的提取液。
将得到的提取液过滤，除去纤维等不需要的成分后，将该提取液用水稀释，调整浓度，各成分的含有比例为：钠0.8mg/100ml、钙1.3mg/100ml、镁1.6mg/100ml、钾16.3mg/100ml、铁0.03mg/100ml、鞣质30.0mg/100ml、糖质0.2g/100g、脂质和蛋白质几乎没有。
将该调整液充填到作为饮料用容器的罐中，然后将该罐在10-130℃下加热30-45分钟，优选在125℃下加热35-40分钟。通过加热，使罐中的调整液的小豆的红色发色，消除涩味，生成适合饮用的风味。
然后，将加热的罐用自来水冷却5-20分钟，在室温(15-30℃)下静置3-7天，熟成。通过该熟成，使罐中的调整液的小豆的红色进一步加深，同时使风味和香味稳定，成为适合饮用的状态。
如此得到的罐内的饮料，含有钠0.8mg/100ml、钙1.3mg/100ml、镁1.6mg/100ml、钾16.3mg/100ml、铁0.03mg/100ml、鞣质30.0mg/100ml、糖质0.2g/100g、脂质和蛋白质几乎没有。在高效含有小豆中所含的矿物质成分和多酚成分的同时，极力地抑制了糖质、脂质、蛋白质等的含有，而且是外观鲜艳(由小豆的红色引起)的新型饮料。
20岁至60岁的男女30人试饮上述得到的健康饮料，对色、香、味、苦味4个项目进行评价试验。结果在表1中给出。评价方法是，对于色、香、味、苦味4个项目，差的情况下为1分，稍差的情况为2分，普通的情况为3分，稍好的情况为4分，好的情况为5分。表中以平均值作为评价值。
表1
| 项目 | 性别 | 年龄 | |||
| 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-50 | 51-60 | ||
| 色 | 男 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 4.0 |
| 女 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.6 | |
| 香 | 男 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
| 女 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.8 | |
| 味 | 男 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 |
| 女 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.4 | |
| 苦味 | 男 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
| 女 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 3.0 | |
结果是，在宽范围的年龄代中，男女没有区别，在色、香、味、苦味4个项目中都得到了普通或优于普通的评价。
另外，制造各成分的含有比例低于或高于本发明的规定比例(钾10-20mg/100ml、铁0.01-0.05mg/100ml、鞣质25-35mg/100ml、钠0.5-1mg/100ml、钙1-2mg/100ml、镁1-2mg/100ml)之外的试料，对该试料进行与上述同样的评价试验，得到比表1中记载的评价值还差的结果。
表2中给出了本例的健康饮料(实施例)和市售的矿泉水(比较例1-3)的含有成分的比较结果。
表2
| 项目 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 | 比较例3 | 实施例 |
| 能 量(kcal/100mg) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 蛋 白 质(g/100ml) | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 脂 质(g/100ml) | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| 糖 质(g/100ml) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| 钠(mg/100ml) | 0.50 | 0.49 | 1.69 | 0.80 |
| 钙(mg/100ml) | 7.80 | 0.97 | 0.52 | 1.30 |
| 镁(mg/100ml) | 2.40 | 0.14 | 2.51 | 1.60 |
| 钾(mg/100ml) | - | 0.28 | 0.04 | 16.30 |
| 铁(mg/100ml) | - | - | - | 0.03 |
| 鞣 质(mg/100ml) | - | - | - | 30.00 |
| pH | - | - | 7.4 | - |
| 硬度(mg/l) | - | 30 | 84 | - |
根据该比较结果，市售的矿泉水含有钠、钙、镁等，但不含钾、铁、鞣质或含量很少，不能得到本发明的健康饮料所能获得的效果。
以下说明图2中给出的第2例，在该例中，与上述第1例同样，在得到小豆的提取液的同时，调整该提取液的浓度，得到含有钠0.8mg/100ml、钙1.3mg/100ml、镁1.6mg/100ml、钾16.3mg/100ml、铁0.03mg/100ml、鞣质30.0mg/100ml、糖质0.2g/100g、脂质和蛋白质几乎没有的调整液。
将该调整液在120-135℃下加热后保持5-40分钟。通过该加热、保持，上述调整液中的小豆的红色发色，同时使涩味消失，生成适合饮用的风味。
冷却该调整液后，充填到作为饮料用容器的罐中，密封，再在15-30℃下静置3-7天，熟成。利用该熟成使罐内的上述调整液中的小豆的红色进一步加深，成为风味和香味稳定，适合饮用的状态。
如此得到的罐内的饮料，与上述第1例同样，在高效地含有小豆中含有的矿物质成分和多酚成分的同时，极力地抑制了糖质、脂质、蛋白质等的含有，而且是外观鲜艳(由小豆的红色引起)的新型饮料。
对于该例的健康饮料与第1例同样评价色、香、味、苦味4个项目，得到与第1例同样的结果。
以上说明了本发明的健康饮料及其制造方法的实施例，但本发明并不限定于此，可以在权利要求1-8的技术思想的范围内进行各种变化。
本发明的健康饮料不仅可以用于饮用，而且可以用作制造面包、面食、米饭、日本点心、西式点心、调理家常菜、其他加工食品时的调理用水。
以本发明的健康饮料为基本成分，可以制成含有提取自大豆或其他的豆类的有效成分或其他矿物质类、维生素类、多酚类的健康饮料。
本发明的健康饮料的制造方法并不限于上述的方法，还可以将需要量的小豆洗净后，在一定的加热条件下进行提取，得到含有小豆中含有的矿物质类和多酚类的提取液，将该提取液调整为一定浓度后，以该调整液为原液，成为商品形态，稀释到需要者所希望的浓度后饮用，或者将上述调整液加工成粉末状、造粒状，作为速溶饮料等，可以以各种商品形态提供，当然可以采用与其相适合的方法。
本发明的健康饮料如上说明，含有小豆中所含的钠、钙、镁、钾、铁等矿物质成分和鞣质等的多酚成分，同时抑制了糖质、脂质、蛋白质的含有，极力抑制了热量的摄取，可以简单地摄取各种矿物质、多酚等，发挥改善现代人的饮食生活和促进健康的效果。而且，是产生来自小豆的甜味的圆滑的风味和红色色调的新型易饮的饮料，不问男女老幼，被广范围的需要者所接受，是商品价值很高的健康饮料。
特别是，通过含有很多的钾、铁、鞣质，可以调节心脏机能或肌肉机能，改善过敏体质，除去体内的废物，防止贫血，防止疲劳，抑制癌症的发病。
本发明的制造方法，可以简单的操作在短时间内得到具有上述效果的健康饮料，特别是适合大量制造罐装饮料。
Claims (5)
1、以小豆为原料的健康饮料的制造方法，其特征在于，将需要量的小豆洗净后，在用80-100℃的热水在持续20-60分钟的加热条件下提取，得到含有矿物质成分和多酚成分的提取液，将该提取液稀释至钠0.5-1mg/100ml、钙1-2mg/100ml、镁1-2mg/100ml、钾10-20mg/100ml、铁0.01-0.05mg/100ml、鞣质25-35mg/100ml，将得到的调整液充填到容器中并封闭，在110～130℃下加热该容器30～45分钟，冷却后静置。
2、权利要求1中记载的以小豆为原料的健康饮料的制造方法，其特征在于，所说的用80-100℃的热水持续20-60分钟的加热工序是，提取小豆中含有的矿物质成分和多酚成分，同时可以防止糖质、脂质、蛋白质等的提取的工序。
3、权利要求1记载的以小豆为原料的健康饮料的制造方法，其特征在于，对充填有上述调整液的密闭容器在110-130℃下加热30-45分钟的工序是，使该调整液发色，同时消除涩味，生成风味的工序。
4、权利要求1记载的以小豆为原料的健康饮料的制造方法，其中，所说的密封容器加热冷却后的静置工序是，密闭容器在15-30℃下静置3-7天，由此进行使该容器内的调整液的发色进一步加深、风味稳定的熟成工序。
5、由权利要求1～4任一项记载的制造方法制造的以小豆为原料的健康饮料，其含有从小豆中提取的钠、钙、镁、钾、铁的矿物质成分和鞣质的多酚成分，其特征在于，钠的含有比例为0.8mg/100ml，钙的含有比例为1.3mg/100ml，镁的含有比例为1.6mg/100ml，钾的含有比例为16.3mg/100ml，铁的含有比例为0.03mg/100ml，鞣质的含有比例为30.0mg/100ml。
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| KR20020034132A (ko) * | 2002-04-10 | 2002-05-08 | 강헌수 | 식품용 팥추출물 및 그 제조방법 및 팥추출물을 함유하는식품조성물 |
| KR100710904B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-04-27 | 씨제이 주식회사 | 쓴맛을 제거한 팥죽의 제조 방법 |
| JP5232533B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-29 | 2013-07-10 | 英 三 張 | 自然健康茶の製造方法 |
| JP4885797B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-31 | 2012-02-29 | コスモ食品株式会社 | 小豆色色付け剤の製造方法 |
| JP5467858B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2014-04-09 | 有限会社サニーヘルツジャパン | 食肉加工食品の品質改良剤 |
| CN104489842B (zh) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-07-06 | 中国农业大学 | 红小豆玫瑰营养饮料及其制备方法 |
| JP2019520319A (ja) * | 2016-05-02 | 2019-07-18 | ニュートゥリー カンパニー リミテッド | 小豆を含む筋機能改善又は運動遂行能力向上用組成物 |
| WO2017192013A1 (ko) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-09 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 팥을 포함하는 근 기능 개선 또는 운동수행능력 향상용 조성물 |
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| KR20020044535A (ko) | 2002-06-15 |
| HK1044690B (zh) | 2005-09-02 |
| JP3437167B2 (ja) | 2003-08-18 |
| CN1357253A (zh) | 2002-07-10 |
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