CN1140336C - 制备环氧乙烷的方法及其所用的催化剂和载体 - Google Patents
制备环氧乙烷的方法及其所用的催化剂和载体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1140336C CN1140336C CNB99126634XA CN99126634A CN1140336C CN 1140336 C CN1140336 C CN 1140336C CN B99126634X A CNB99126634X A CN B99126634XA CN 99126634 A CN99126634 A CN 99126634A CN 1140336 C CN1140336 C CN 1140336C
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- alkali metal
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver oxalate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GGHDAUPFEBTORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCC(N)N GGHDAUPFEBTORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001952 rubidium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWBWCLMMHLCMAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium(1+);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+].[Rb+] CWBWCLMMHLCMAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940071575 silver citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQZVTOHLJOBKCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O RQZVTOHLJOBKCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CYLMOXYXYHNGHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;propanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CCC([O-])=O CYLMOXYXYHNGHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisilver;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
- B01J23/04—Alkali metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/612—Surface area less than 10 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/651—50-500 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0221—Coating of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
- C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32651698 | 1998-11-17 | ||
| JP326516/1998 | 1998-11-17 | ||
| JP17896599 | 1999-06-24 | ||
| JP178965/1999 | 1999-06-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1257752A CN1257752A (zh) | 2000-06-28 |
| CN1140336C true CN1140336C (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
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| CNB99126634XA Expired - Fee Related CN1140336C (zh) | 1998-11-17 | 1999-11-17 | 制备环氧乙烷的方法及其所用的催化剂和载体 |
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| US (2) | US6313325B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| EP (1) | EP1002575B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| KR (1) | KR100483574B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| CN (1) | CN1140336C (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| AU (1) | AU754631B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| BR (1) | BR9906154A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| DE (1) | DE69924453T2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| IN (1) | IN193645B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| TW (1) | TW460325B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
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| DE60030056T2 (de) * | 1999-09-21 | 2007-02-15 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Katalysator für die Herstellung von Epoxiden und Verfahren für die Bereitung derselben und die Herstellung von Epoxiden |
| DE60300995T2 (de) * | 2002-04-04 | 2006-04-20 | Nippon Shokubai Co. Ltd. | Silberkatalysator enthaltend einen Träger auf der Basis von Silika-Alumina und seine Verwendung in der Herstellung von Epoxiden |
| JP4537848B2 (ja) | 2002-06-28 | 2010-09-08 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | 触媒の選択性を改善する方法及びオレフィンのエポキシ化方法 |
| EP1517901B1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2010-07-07 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A method for the start-up of an epoxidation process and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| AU2003284184A1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-25 | Shell Oil Company | Silver-based olefin oxide catalysts |
| US7348444B2 (en) | 2003-04-07 | 2008-03-25 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the production of an olefin oxide |
| CA2524890C (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2012-09-11 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Silver-containing catalysts, the manufacture of such silvercontaining catalysts, and the use thereof |
| US20040225138A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | Mcallister Paul Michael | Reactor system and process for the manufacture of ethylene oxide |
| US8148555B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2012-04-03 | Shell Oil Company | Method for improving the selectivity of a catalyst and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| CA2538989A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-03-17 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Modified alumina carriers and silver-based catalysts for the production of alkylene oxides |
| RU2372342C2 (ru) * | 2003-08-22 | 2009-11-10 | Дау Текнолоджи Инвестментс Ллс. | Улучшенные носители из оксида алюминия и катализаторы на основе серебра для получения алкиленоксидов |
| EP2277622B1 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2013-01-09 | Dow Technology Investments LLC | Method for the preparation of catalysts having enhanced stability, efficiency and/or activity for alkylene oxide production |
| TW200600190A (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2006-01-01 | Shell Int Research | Process for preparing a silver catalyst, the catalyst, and use thereof in olefin oxidation |
| BRPI0514207A (pt) * | 2004-08-12 | 2008-06-03 | Shell Int Research | método para a preparação de um catalisador moldado, o catalisador, e uso do catalisador |
| AU2005289799A1 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-06 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for selecting shaped particles, a process for installing a system, a process for reacting a gaseous feedstock in such a system, a computer program product, and a computer system |
| US7759284B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2010-07-20 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Calcination in an inert gas in the presence of a small concentration of an oxidizing component |
| US7825062B2 (en) | 2005-06-07 | 2010-11-02 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Catalyst carrier and a process for preparing the catalyst carrier |
| BRPI0611676B1 (pt) | 2005-06-07 | 2015-08-11 | Shell Int Research | Catalisador, processo para a preparação do catalisador, e processo para a produção de um óxido de olefina, um 1,2- diol, e um 1,2-diol éter e uma alcanolamina |
| WO2007021742A1 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-22 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A method of preparing a shaped catalyst, the catalyst, and use of the catalyst |
| CN103599798B (zh) | 2007-05-09 | 2015-11-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 环氧化催化剂及其制备方法和生产环氧烷、1,2-二醇、1,2-二醇醚、1,2-碳酸酯或烷醇胺的方法 |
| US8513154B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2013-08-20 | Dow Technology Investments, Llc | Porous body precursors, shaped porous bodies, processes for making them, and end-use products based upon the same |
| CN102015100A (zh) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-04-13 | 陶氏技术投资有限公司 | 多孔体前体,成形多孔体,用于制备它们的方法和基于它们的最终用途产品 |
| US8685883B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2014-04-01 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Porous body precursors, shaped porous bodies, processes for making them, and end-use products based upon the same |
| CN102056909B (zh) | 2008-05-07 | 2014-03-05 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 环氧化工艺的开车方法及环氧乙烷、1，2-二醇、1，2-二醇醚、1，2-碳酸酯或链烷醇胺的制备方法 |
| PL2297125T3 (pl) | 2008-05-07 | 2013-12-31 | Shell Int Research | Sposób wytwarzania tlenku olefiny, 1,2-diolu, eteru 1,2-diolu, 1,2-węglanu albo alkanoloaminy |
| US8933254B2 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2015-01-13 | Basf Se | Process for making ethylene oxide |
| US8349765B2 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2013-01-08 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Mullite-containing carrier for ethylene oxide catalysts |
| US8524927B2 (en) | 2009-07-13 | 2013-09-03 | Velocys, Inc. | Process for making ethylene oxide using microchannel process technology |
| CN103608107B (zh) * | 2011-04-14 | 2015-11-25 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 制备用于将乙烯氧化为氧化乙烯的催化剂的方法 |
| US8629079B2 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2014-01-14 | Basf Se | Process for producing a catalyst for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
| US9073035B2 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2015-07-07 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Catalyst and catalyst carrier |
| CN103721696A (zh) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种制备银催化剂用α-氧化铝载体的方法 |
| CN105817224B (zh) * | 2015-01-07 | 2018-07-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种银催化剂的制备方法、银催化剂及该银催化剂的应用 |
| CN106607028B (zh) * | 2015-10-21 | 2018-12-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种银催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| TWI774707B (zh) | 2016-12-02 | 2022-08-21 | 荷蘭商蜆殼國際研究所 | 用於調節乙烯環氧化催化劑之方法及用於製造環氧乙烷之相關方法 |
| CN116943746A (zh) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 乙烯环氧化用银催化剂的载体、银催化剂和乙烯环氧化生产环氧乙烷的方法 |
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| GB8626687D0 (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1986-12-10 | Shell Int Research | Preparing silver catalyst |
| DE3643248A1 (de) * | 1986-12-18 | 1988-06-30 | Basf Ag | Silberkatalysator, seine herstellung und verwendung |
| US5057481A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1991-10-15 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Technology Corporation | Catalyst composition for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
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| JP3312916B2 (ja) | 1991-06-06 | 2002-08-12 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 酸化エチレン製造用銀触媒 |
| CA2089510C (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1998-09-01 | Shinichi Nagase | Silver catalyst for production of ethylene oxide and method for production of the catalyst |
| US5380697A (en) * | 1993-09-08 | 1995-01-10 | Shell Oil Company | Ethylene oxide catalyst and process |
-
1999
- 1999-11-15 TW TW088119876A patent/TW460325B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-15 EP EP99122675A patent/EP1002575B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-15 AU AU59429/99A patent/AU754631B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-15 DE DE69924453T patent/DE69924453T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-15 IN IN900KO1999 patent/IN193645B/en unknown
- 1999-11-16 KR KR19990050891A patent/KR100483574B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-16 BR BR9906154-6A patent/BR9906154A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-16 US US09/441,545 patent/US6313325B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-17 CN CNB99126634XA patent/CN1140336C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
- 2001-11-02 US US10/052,785 patent/US6815395B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU754631B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
| CN1257752A (zh) | 2000-06-28 |
| IN193645B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) | 2004-07-31 |
| US6815395B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 |
| DE69924453D1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
| KR20000047661A (ko) | 2000-07-25 |
| AU5942999A (en) | 2000-05-18 |
| TW460325B (en) | 2001-10-21 |
| DE69924453T2 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
| US20020103390A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| BR9906154A (pt) | 2000-08-08 |
| EP1002575A2 (en) | 2000-05-24 |
| EP1002575B1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
| EP1002575A3 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
| US6313325B1 (en) | 2001-11-06 |
| KR100483574B1 (ko) | 2005-04-19 |
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