CN112004491B - 用于将骨锚附连到骨板的锁紧结构以及相关的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于将骨锚附连到骨板的锁紧结构以及相关的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN112004491B
CN112004491B CN201980023727.2A CN201980023727A CN112004491B CN 112004491 B CN112004491 B CN 112004491B CN 201980023727 A CN201980023727 A CN 201980023727A CN 112004491 B CN112004491 B CN 112004491B
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S·M·博萨德
M·麦古克
C·基干
J·B·拉什
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DePuy Synthes Products Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/8052Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded
    • A61B17/8057Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded the interlocking form comprising a thread
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8052Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone

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Abstract

本发明公开了骨板(4),该骨板包括上表面(18)、被构造成面向骨的相背对的下表面(20)、以及沿中心孔轴线(22)从上表面到下表面延伸穿过骨板的至少一个孔(6)。该孔由骨板的内部表面(24)限定。该内部表面限定围绕内部表面的圆周顺序地定位的多个柱(26)以及周向地定位在柱之间的多个凹陷部(28)。这些柱中的每个柱被构造成响应于与能够接纳在至少一个孔内的锁紧骨螺钉的头部的接合而至少在垂直于中心孔轴线的径向方向(R)上发生变形,以便将头部锁定到骨板。多个柱包括至少五个柱。

Description

用于将骨锚附连到骨板的锁紧结构以及相关的系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请涉及2018年3月20日以Bosshard等人的名义提交的美国专利申请序列号15/926,390,其公开内容据此以引用方式并入本文,就好像其全文列出在本文中一样。
技术领域
本发明涉及骨板和用于联接到骨板的骨锚,并且具体地涉及限定在骨板的孔内的用于通过骨锚的头部进行锁定的锁紧结构。
背景技术
用于骨折的内部固定的骨板系统为人们所熟知。常规的骨板系统尤其适于促进骨折的愈合。将骨锚诸如骨螺钉穿过骨板孔或洞插入并且拧入骨中,以将骨折端压缩、抵销、支撑、张紧弯曲和/或桥接在一起。为了在不抵靠板牵拉骨的情况下将负载从一个断裂的骨部分经过板转移到另一个断裂的骨部分上,并且为了避免骨螺钉相对于板松开或退出(这可导致不佳的对准和较差的临床结果),可采用能够通过骨板锁定的骨螺钉。此类螺钉的一个已知实施方案采用具有外螺纹的螺钉头,该外螺纹用于与骨板孔的内表面上的对应螺纹接合以将螺钉锁定到板。这些螺钉(在下文中称为“锁紧螺钉”或“锁紧压紧螺钉”)可包括:标准型锁紧螺钉,这些螺钉被构造成基本上仅以“标称”取向锁定在孔内,由此中心螺钉轴线与中心孔轴线基本上对齐;以及“可变角度”(VA)锁紧螺钉,这些螺钉被构造成以标称取向或“成角度”取向锁定在孔内,由此中心螺钉轴线相对于相应的中心孔轴线以锐角取向。
发明内容
根据本公开的实施方案,骨板包括被构造成背向骨的上表面、被构造成面向骨的相背对的下表面、以及沿中心孔轴线穿过骨板从上表面延伸到下表面的至少一个孔。该至少一个孔由骨板的内部表面限定。该内部表面还限定围绕内部表面的圆周顺序地定位的多个柱以及周向地定位在柱之间的多个凹陷部。这些柱中的每个柱被构造成响应于与能够接纳在至少一个孔内的锁紧骨螺钉的头部的接合而至少在垂直于中心孔轴线的径向方向上发生变形,以便将头部锁定到骨板。多个柱包括至少五个柱。
附图说明
结合附图进行阅读时,能够更好地理解前述发明内容和以下对本申请的例示性实施方案的详细说明。为了说明本申请的锁紧结构,在附图中示出了例示性实施方案。然而,应当理解,本专利申请并不局限于所示出的精确的布置方式和机构。在附图中:
图1是根据本公开的实施方案的包括骨板的骨固定系统的透视图,该骨板限定其中接纳锁紧螺钉的孔;
图2是图1中所示的骨板的孔的剖面透视图;
图3A是图2中所示的孔的顶部平面图;
图3B是根据本公开的另一个实施方案的孔的顶部平面图;
图4是沿图3A中的剖面线4-4截取的孔的剖面侧视图;
图5是沿图3A中的剖面线5-5截取的孔的剖面侧视图;
图6是图4中所示的孔的放大部分B的剖面侧视图;
图7是沿图1中的剖面线7-7截取的骨固定系统的剖面侧视图;
图8是被构造成以标称取向锁定在骨板的孔内的标准型锁紧螺钉的头部部分的侧视图;
图9是锁定在图7的骨板的孔内的图8的标准型锁紧螺钉的头部的剖面侧视图;
图10是被构造成以标称取向或成角度取向锁定在骨板的孔内的可变角度锁紧螺钉的头部部分的侧视图;
图11是以标称取向锁定在图7的骨板的孔内的图10的可变角度锁紧螺钉的头部的剖面侧视图;
图12是以成角度取向锁定在图7的骨板的孔内的图10的可变角度锁紧螺钉的头部的剖面侧视图;
图13是根据本公开的另一个实施方案的骨板的孔的透视图,其中孔内具有锁紧结构;
图14和图15分别是图13的孔的顶视图和底视图;
图16是图13的孔的剖面侧视图;
图17是以标称取向锁定在图16的孔内的可变角度锁紧螺钉的剖视图;
图18是以约5度的成角锁定在图16的孔内的可变角度锁紧螺钉的剖视图;
图19是以约10度的成角锁定在图16的孔内的可变角度锁紧螺钉的剖视图;
图20是以约15度的成角锁定在图16的孔内的可变角度锁紧螺钉的剖视图;
图21是根据本公开的另一个实施方案的骨板的孔的透视图,其中孔内具有锁紧结构;
图22是图21中所示的孔的顶部平面图;
图23是沿图22中的剖面线23-23截取的孔的剖面侧视图;
图24是根据本公开的另一个实施方案的骨板的孔的透视图,其中孔内具有锁紧结构;
图25是图24中所示的孔的顶部平面图;
图26是沿图25中的剖面线26-26截取的孔的剖面侧视图;并且
图27是根据本公开的实施方案的孔的顶部平面图,其中孔与另外的孔相交以便限定“组合孔”。
具体实施方式
参考下列结合对构成本公开的一部分的附图和示例的详细说明可更易于理解本公开。应当理解,本公开不限于本文所述和/或所示的具体装置、方法、应用、条件或参数,并且本文所用的术语仅用于以举例的方式描述具体实施方案的目的,并非旨在限制本公开的范围。此外,除非上下文另外明确地指出,否则如本说明书(包括随附权利要求书)中所用,单数形式“一个”和“所述”包括复数,并且提到特定数值时至少包括此特定值。
本文所用的术语“多个”意指多于一个。当表示值的范围时,另一个实施例包括从一个具体的值和/或到其他具体的值。相似地,当前面用“约”将值表示为近似值时,应当理解,该值的具体值构成了另一个实施例。所有范围均包括端值在内并且可组合。
VA锁紧螺钉可具有在其所插入的骨板的孔内引起螺纹错扣的趋势。螺纹错扣可由螺钉头上的外螺纹未配合在孔内并因此使孔的内螺纹发生螺纹错扣而引起。螺纹错扣是有问题的,因为其减小了孔的内螺纹与螺钉头螺纹之间的过盈配合(也称为“型面配合”),这可导致螺钉头与骨板的孔之间的稳定性降低。本文所公开的实施方案涉及在骨板的孔内采用的锁紧结构,这些结构被构造成以抑制或至少减少螺纹错扣的方式通过标准型锁紧螺钉和VA锁紧螺钉两者的头部锁定。
参见图1,骨固定系统2包括其中限定有一个或多个孔6的骨板4。孔6被构造成接纳锚定构件诸如锁紧螺钉8,这些锚定构件例如被构造成将骨板4附连到骨的一个或多个部分。孔6中具有锁紧结构,该锁紧结构被构造成以在锁紧螺钉8与骨板4之间提供增强的锁定接合的方式围绕锁紧螺钉8的头部变形,如下文更详细地列出。骨板4可为桥接板,如图所示,但其他骨板类型和构型也在本公开的范围内。
骨板4可包括主体9,该主体限定沿纵向方向X彼此间隔开的第一端部10和第二端部12、以及沿基本上垂直于纵向方向X的侧向方向Y彼此间隔开的第一侧面14和第二侧面16。骨板4还可限定被构造成背向骨的上板表面18和被构造成面向骨的相背对的下板表面20。上板表面18和下板表面20沿基本上垂直于纵向方向X和侧向方向Y中的每一者的竖直方向Z彼此间隔开。
应当理解,如本文所用,术语“纵向”、“纵向地”及其派生词是指纵向方向X;术语“侧向”、“侧向地”及其派生词是指侧向方向Y;并且术语“竖直”、“竖直地”及其派生词是指竖直方向Z。
以非限制性示例的方式,板主体9和锁紧螺钉8可各自包括一种或多种生物相容性材料,诸如钛、钛合金(例如钛铝铌(TAN)合金,诸如Ti-6Al-7Nb)、不锈钢、钴基合金、复合材料、以及聚合物材料和/或陶瓷材料。优选地,螺钉8的材料比板主体9的材料更硬,这在锁紧螺钉8与骨板4之间提供有益的锁定特性,如下文所详述。在一个示例性实施方案中,板主体9主要或完全包含钛,并且锁紧螺钉8主要包含或完全为TAN。
现在参见图2,孔6沿中心孔轴线22从上板表面18垂直延伸到下板表面20。在所描绘的实施方案中,中心孔轴线22沿竖直方向Z取向,但在其他实施方案中,中心孔轴线22可从竖直方向Z偏移和成角度。孔6中的每个孔可由板主体9的内部表面24限定。在孔6内,内部表面24可限定多个锁紧结构,诸如柱26,这些锁紧结构被构造成以将螺钉头锁定在孔6内的适当位置的方式围绕锁紧螺钉8的头部变形。
在孔6中的每个孔(或至少一些孔)内,柱26围绕内部表面24的圆周顺序地定位,以便限定顺序地周向定位在柱26之间的多个凹陷部28。柱26在上板表面18和下板表面20之间竖直地延伸,并且被构造成响应于与锁紧螺钉8中的一个锁紧螺钉的头部的外表面的接合而至少在垂直于中心孔轴线22取向的径向方向R上变形。这样,柱26中的一个或多个柱的径向变形在孔6内于板主体9和螺钉头之间提供型面配合和压缩配合(即“压接”),其中型面配合和压缩配合优选地将头部(以及因此螺钉8)以固定取向锁定到板主体9,如下文所详述。应当理解,如本文所用,术语“径向”、“径向地”及其派生词是指径向方向R。
现在参见图3A,柱26和凹陷部28可围绕孔6内的内部表面24的圆周均匀地间隔开。然而,在其他实施方案中,柱26和/或凹陷部28可围绕孔6的圆周不均匀地间隔开。如图3A所示,孔6可包括九(9)个柱26,但在孔6中可采用少于九(9)个柱26或多于九(9)个柱26。例如,每个孔6可包括五(5)个或更少的柱26、六(6)个柱26、七(7)个柱26、八(8)个柱26或十(10)个或更多个柱26。例如,图3B示出了具有六(6)个柱26的孔26的实施方案。在另外的实施方案中,每个孔6可包括十(10)至二十(20)个柱26或超过二十(20)个柱26。
现在参见图4和图5,内部表面24可包括从上板表面18朝下板表面20延伸的上离隙表面34以及从下板表面20朝上板表面18延伸的下离隙表面36。下离隙表面36和上离隙表面34可各自限定与中心孔轴线22成约1度至约60度范围内的相应离隙角。在例示的实施方案中,下离隙表面36的离隙角为约15度,并且上离隙表面34的离隙角为约45度。上离隙表面34可限定柱26的上端部38,并且下离隙表面36可限定柱26的下端部40。上离隙表面34可被构造成容纳成角度的螺钉头(即接纳其或为其提供空间),并且下离隙表面36可被构造成容纳成角度的螺钉8的轴。
每个柱26可限定基本上面向中心孔轴线22的第一表面42和位于第一表面42的相邻周向侧上的一对侧表面44。第一表面42也可称为柱26的“最内表面”。柱26的每个侧表面44可限定周向相邻凹陷部28的至少一部分。每个凹陷部28可从一个相邻柱26的第一表面42延伸到另一个相邻柱26的第一表面42。凹陷部28可在相邻柱26之间以周向弓形方式连续延伸,但其他凹陷部构型也在本公开的范围内。
在孔6中的一个或多个孔内,柱26的第一表面42可共同限定第一形状的节段,第一形状诸如第一倒置截头锥体形状。凹陷部28的最低点46(即,最底下的点)可共同限定第二形状的节段,第二形状诸如宽于第一倒置截头锥体形状的第二倒置截头锥体形状。在例示的实施方案中,第一倒置截头锥体形状和第二倒置截头锥体形状具有共同的锥角,但在其他实施方案中,第一倒置锥体形状和第二倒置锥体形状可具有不同的锥角。在其他实施方案中,第一形状和第二形状可为圆形、椭圆形、抛物线形或其他类型的几何形状。
在例示的实施方案中,第一倒置锥体形状使得孔6内的每个第一表面42在水平基准平面P1(即,沿纵向方向X和侧向方面Y延伸的平面)中具有凹形轮廓。然而,应当理解,在其他实施方案中,孔6内的第一表面42可在水平基准平面P1中为凸形的。在此类实施方案中,柱26的第一表面42的顶点可共同限定第一倒置锥体形状。在其他实施方案中,孔6内的第一表面42可在水平基准平面P1中具有线性轮廓。
再次参见例示的实施方案,以非限制性示例的方式,可使用工具诸如锥形钻头和/或铣刀初始形成孔6的内部表面24以限定倒置锥体形状。可诸如使用铣刀随后形成凹陷部28,该铣刀围绕孔6的圆周顺序地去除板主体9材料,以便形成凹陷部28和位于这些凹陷部之间的不同柱26。以非限制性示例的方式,上离隙表面34和下离隙表面36可由一个或多个成角度或燕尾形铣刀形成。
继续参见图4和图5,孔6内的柱26中的每个柱的第一表面42可以第一角A1从上板表面18到下板表面20径向向内渐缩,该第一角在相对于中心孔轴线22成约3度至约30度的范围内,并且优选地在相对于中心孔轴线22成约10度至约15度的范围内。另外,孔6内的凹陷部28的最低点46可以第二角A2从上板表面18到下板表面20径向向内渐缩,该第二角在相对于中心孔轴线22成约3度至约30度的范围内,并且优选地在相对于中心孔轴线22成约10度至约15度的范围内。每个凹陷部28的半径可在凹陷部28内的任何竖直位置处相同;但在其他实施方案中,每个凹陷部28的半径可变化。另外,如图所示,柱26的第一表面42可在从下板表面20朝向上板表面18垂直移动时增加周向宽度(并且因此在从上板表面18朝向下板表面20垂直移动时减小周向宽度)。如图所示,第一角A1和第二角A2可为基本上相等的,但在其他实施方案中,它们可为偏移的。
孔6中的一个或多个孔可包括用于接合螺钉头的外表面上的外螺纹的内螺纹50。内螺纹50优选地螺旋地横穿孔6中的每个柱26,使得每个柱26限定内螺纹50的一个或多个螺纹部分52。螺纹50可被构造成终止于柱26的上端部38与下端部40之间。这样,每个柱26可限定涵盖一个或多个螺纹部分52的上部柱部分60和没有内螺纹50的下部柱部分62。换句话说,至少在与锁紧螺钉8的头部接合之前,下部柱部分62可没有螺纹。
现在参见图6,螺纹部分52可包括从相应柱26的第一表面42径向向外凹陷的螺纹根部54。柱26的螺纹部分52可限定第三或螺纹角A3,该第三或螺纹角在约30度至约90度的范围内,优选地在约55度至约65度的范围内,并且更优选地为约60度。以非限制性示例的方式,螺纹部分52可限定在约0.1mm至约1.6mm的范围内、并且更优选地为约0.8mm的螺距。螺纹50优选地为右手螺纹,但左手螺纹50也在本公开的范围内。螺纹50可为双线螺纹,如图所示,但单线或三线螺纹50也在本公开的范围内。
在本实施方案中,每个柱26的一个或多个螺纹部分52沿螺纹牙形58渐缩,该螺纹牙形沿根部54基本上线性地延伸并且被取向成使得螺纹牙形58和中心孔轴线22各自在共用竖直基准平面中共延。螺纹牙形58可以第四角度A4或“螺纹斜率”从上板表面18到下板表面20径向向内成角度,该第四角度相对于中心孔轴线22在约4度至约40度范围内,并且优选地相对于中心孔轴线22在约11度至约30度的范围内,并且更优选地相对于中心孔轴线22为约20度。第四角度A4可被称为“内螺纹斜率”。在本实施方案中,螺纹斜率A4优选地超过第一角A1,使得内螺纹50终止于柱26的上端部38与下端部40之间的位置处,如上所述。
现在参见图7,孔6可被构造成提供与多种类型的锁紧螺钉8(包括标准型锁紧螺钉8a和VA锁紧螺钉8b)的增强的附连,以便允许医师根据需要将骨板4植入到一个或多个骨或骨节段。如图所示,骨板4可以将骨的骨折节段102、104附连到一起的方式经由锁紧螺钉8a、8b联接到长骨100。本文所述的孔6可通过标准型锁紧螺钉8a锁定在标称取向上,由此中心螺钉轴线64与中心孔轴线22基本上对齐,以及通过VA锁紧螺钉8b锁定在标称取向或“成角度”取向上,由此中心螺钉轴线64相对于相应的中心孔轴线22以锐角A5取向。锐角A5也可被称为“成角角度”或简称为“成角”。这两种类型的锁紧螺钉8a、8b及其锁定功能在2016年4月19日以Chan等人的名义公布的美国专利9,314,284(“Chan参考文献”)中有更全面的描述,该文献的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
现在将参考图8至图12描述柱26与标准型锁紧螺钉8a(图8和图9)以及VA锁紧螺钉8b(图10和12)之间的结合。
现在参见图8,标准型锁紧螺钉8a可具有限定锥形外表面66a的螺钉头32a,该锥形外表面限定外螺钉头螺纹68a。外螺钉头螺纹68a具有在螺纹根部处测得的第一螺纹牙形70和在螺纹顶部处测得的第二螺纹牙形72。如图所示,标准型锁紧螺钉8a具有平行的锥形第一螺纹牙形70和锥形第二螺纹牙形72;另外,牙形70、72向下渐缩,以便随着螺钉头32在孔6内推进而为螺钉头32a提供锁定功能。
现在参见图9,孔6的内螺纹50被构造成以互连方式接合外螺钉头螺纹68a,以便在两者间实质上诱导型面配合相互作用(即,外螺钉头螺纹68a的顶点在孔6的内螺纹50的槽内延伸,反之亦然)。柱26被构造成在柱26与螺钉头32a之间提供塑性变形。塑性变形的第一量度或主要量度是柱26由于与螺钉头32a接合而发生的塑性变形。塑性变形的第二量度或次要量度(即,螺钉头32a的塑性变形,诸如至少在螺钉头螺纹68a处的塑性变形)可伴随塑性变形的第一量度。优选地,塑性变形的第一量度至少超过塑性变形的第二量度。更优选地,消除或至少最小化塑性变形的第二量度,以有利于塑性变形的第一量度。换句话说,优选的是,螺钉头32a使柱26变形,而不是柱26使螺钉头32a变形。就这一点而言,板主体9的材料优选地被选择为使得锁紧螺钉8a包含比板主体9材料更硬的材料。然而,应当理解,在操作中,可发生螺钉头32a的少量塑性变形(即,塑性变形的第二量度)。如本文所述的柱26的几何形状提供增大塑性变形的第一量度同时减小塑性变形的第二量度的有益效果。
继续参考塑性变形,尽管以下描述是参考单柱26做出,但应当理解,孔6内的另外柱26(并且优选地为柱26中的每个柱)将经历相同或至少基本上类似的塑性变形。
内螺纹斜率A4规定,在诱导型面配合相互作用之后,螺钉头32a的进一步推进导致螺钉头螺纹68a以使内螺纹部分52处或相邻的接合主体9的材料塑性变形并紧固型面配合的方式压在柱26的内螺纹部分52的槽内。换句话说,塑性变形的第一量度可在内部孔螺纹50处开始,这由比板主体9的材料更硬的螺钉8a材料进一步诱导。
螺钉头32a在孔6内的进一步推进使得螺钉头螺纹68a接合无螺纹的下部柱部分62。柱26被构造成使得随着螺钉头螺纹68a接合无螺纹下部柱部分62,螺钉头螺纹68a经由使下部柱部分62塑性径向变形但基本上不从其去除(例如剪切)主体9材料而使下部柱部分62开始“螺纹形成”。这样,塑性变形的第一量度在下部柱部分62内继续。柱26的塑性变形可在板主体9与孔6内的螺钉头32a之间提供紧密的锁紧压接,从而将标准型锁紧螺钉8a以标称取向锁定到板主体9。应当理解,柱26的设计优选地避免或至少减少螺纹错扣的出现,因为柱26的螺纹形成通过与螺钉头68a接合而就地发生。
柱26和内螺纹50被构造成使得塑性变形的第一量度基本上在径向方向R上发生。然而,应当理解,微小程度的塑性变形的第一量度可在周向方向上发生(即,柱26可周向伸展到凹陷部28中),并且柱26的部分内的另一微小程度的塑性变形可竖直地发生。还应当理解,弹性变形的量度有利地伴随塑性变形,使得柱26径向向内反应地压靠螺钉头32a,从而增强两者间的锁定压接。
现在参见图10和图11,柱26提供类似的锁定功能,其中VA锁紧螺钉8b的螺钉头32b处于标称取向。如图10所示,VA锁紧螺钉8b的螺钉头32b可具有限定外螺钉头螺纹68b的大致球形的外表面66b。VA锁紧螺钉8b的外螺钉头螺纹68b具有在螺纹根部处测得的第一螺纹牙形74和在螺纹顶部处测得的第二螺纹牙形76。如图所示,VA锁紧螺钉8b的螺纹牙形74、76是大致球形的,从而随着在孔6内推进螺钉头32b而为螺钉头提供锁定功能。
如图11所示,类似于上文列出的方式,随着VA锁紧螺钉8b的螺钉头32b在孔6内推进,螺钉头螺纹68b开始与柱螺纹部分52的型面配合相互作用,随着头部32b进一步推进,该相互作用导致塑性变形的至少第一量度(主要在径向方向R上)。进一步推进螺钉头32b经由其塑性变形(主要在径向方向R上)但基本上不从柱26去除主体材料使得无螺纹的下部柱部分62螺纹形成,从而避免或减少螺纹错扣。应当理解,螺钉头32b和VA锁紧螺钉8b的螺钉头螺纹68b的大致球形轮廓可相对于标准型锁紧螺钉8a的塑形变形提供增强的塑性变形。还应当理解,弹性变形的量度有利地伴随塑性变形,使得柱26径向向内反应地压靠标称螺钉头32b,从而增强两者间的锁定压接。
现在参见图12,现在将参考沿成角度取向插入孔6内的VA锁紧螺钉8b来讨论柱26的锁定功能。在图12中,成角被示出为约15度,由此离隙角允许下离隙表面36容纳螺钉8b的轴的一部分。随着成角度的螺钉头32b在孔6内推进,头螺纹68b开始与柱螺纹部分52的型面配合相互作用,该相互作用至少部分地通过以下各项实现:柱螺纹部分52的螺距、螺纹角和/或斜率A4,以及头螺纹68b的节距、螺纹角和/或大致球形轮廓,以及特定成角度取向。随着螺钉头32b推进,型面配合相互作用导致塑性变形(主要在径向方向R上)的至少第一量度。成角度取向下的另一个螺钉头32b推进经由其塑性变形(主要在径向方向R上)导致无螺纹下部柱部分62的螺纹形成,如上所述,这可在基本上不从柱26移除主体材料的情况下发生。应当理解,如上所述,弹性变形的量度有利地伴随塑性变形,使得柱26径向向内反应地压靠成角度的螺钉头32b,从而增强两者间的锁定压接。
现在将参考图13至图20描述锁紧结构的另一个实施方案。为了简洁起见,以下描述将主要集中于本实施方案与以上参考图1至图12所述的实施方案之间的差异。
现在参见图13,锁紧结构包括围绕孔6的内部表面24的圆周顺序地定位的多个柱126和多个凹陷部128。柱126在上板表面18与下板表面20之间竖直地延伸,并且被构造成响应于与锁紧螺钉的头部的接合而主要在径向方向R上变形。如上所述,柱126围绕螺钉头的压缩在两者间形成紧密的压接,从而以相对于骨板4的固定取向将螺钉头锁定在孔6内。
现在参见图14,柱126和凹陷部128可围绕内部表面24的圆周均匀地间隔开,如图所示;但在其他实施方案中,可采用不均匀的间距。内部表面24可限定十五(15)个柱126和十五(15)个凹陷部128,但也可采用小于十五(15)个或大于十五(15)个柱126和凹陷部128。
在本实施方案中,凹陷部128可各自在由内部表面24限定的上离隙表面34与下离隙表面36之间完全竖直地或至少基本上竖直地延伸,如图16所示。这样,凹陷部128的最低点146可平行于中心孔轴线22;另外,水平基准面中的每个凹陷部128的半径可在凹陷部128内的任何竖直位置处相同。在其他实施方案中,凹陷部128可相对于中心孔轴线22成角度,类似于上文参考图4所述的方式。凹陷部128的尺寸和位置可任选地设定成使得在水平基准平面中,每个柱126在其第一或最内表面142处比在其侧表面144的径向向外位置处更粗。在本实施方案中,上离隙表面34可限定在约0度至约85度范围内的离隙角,并且下离隙表面36可限定在约0度至约60度范围内的离隙角。
现在参见图15,在本实施方案的一个示例中,孔6可包括十五(15)个凹陷部128,其中中心凹陷部轴129围绕中心孔轴线22以24度的间隔α间隔开。在该示例中,中心凹陷部轴129位于柱126的第一表面142的径向向外侧,并且与中心孔轴线22间隔在约1.8mm至约2.7mm范围内的径向距离R1,并且优选地为约2.25mm。同样在该示例中,每个凹陷部128限定在约0.2mm至约0.6mm范围内、并且优选地为约0.4mm的凹陷部半径R2,。
现在参见图16,上离隙表面34可限定柱126的上端部138,并且下离隙表面36可限定柱126的下端部140,如上所述。每个柱126的第一表面142在上端部138与下端部140之间延伸并且基本上面向中心孔轴线22。每个柱126的侧表面144可限定周向相邻凹陷部128的至少一部分。孔6还可包括第二上离隙表面139,该第二上离隙表面可为例如埋头孔。
在本实施方案中,内部孔螺纹150可从上离隙表面34内的位置延伸到下离隙表面36内的位置。这样,内部孔螺纹150可从柱126的上端部138到下端部140螺旋地横穿这些柱中的一个或多个柱。螺纹150可包括螺纹顶部156和根部154,螺纹顶部限定每个柱126的第一表面142,根部从第一表面142径向向外凹陷。内螺纹150可限定螺纹角A3,该螺纹角在约30度至约90度的范围内,优选地在约55度至约65度的范围内,并且更优选地为约60度。以非限制性示例的方式,螺纹部分52可限定在约0.1mm至约1.6mm的范围内、并且更优选地为约0.8mm的螺距。螺纹150优选地为右手螺纹,但左手螺纹150也在本公开的范围内。螺纹150可为双线螺纹,如图所示,但单线螺纹150也在本公开的范围内。第一上离隙表面34和第二上离隙表面139可使内螺纹150的顶部从上板表面18凹进,这增强了上板表面18的光滑度并且可避免未使用的孔6对软组织造成刺激。第一上离隙角还有利于螺钉头螺纹68与内螺纹150的线之间更平滑的初始接合。
内螺纹150可限定沿螺纹根部154延伸的第一螺纹牙形158和沿螺纹顶部156延伸的第二螺纹牙形159。如图所示,第一螺纹牙形158和第二螺纹牙形159可为基本上平行的,从而为内螺纹150的螺纹提供基本上相等的螺纹深度。然而,在其他实施方案中,第一螺纹牙形158和第二螺纹牙形159可为非平行的,并且内螺纹150的螺纹深度可变化。继续参见图16,第一螺纹牙形158和第二螺纹牙形159可按相应的角A4、A5延伸,这些角各自在与中心孔轴线22成约5度至约60度的范围内,优选地约10度至约20度,并且更优选地为约15度。
柱126的第一表面142(沿第二螺纹牙形159)可共同限定第一形状的节段,第一形状诸如倒置截头锥体形状。凹陷部128的最低点146可共同限定第二形状的节段,第二形状诸如圆柱形状。柱126和凹陷部128可分别被构造成共同限定其他形状,如上文参考图4和图5所述。另外,本实施方案的柱126的第一表面142在水平基准平面中具有凹形轮廓,但在其他实施方案中,第一表面142在水平基准平面中可具有凸形轮廓或线性轮廓。
参见图17至图20,现在将描述孔6与VA锁紧螺钉8b之间以各种成角的接合。本实施方案的VA锁紧螺钉8b可以与上述类似的方式构造。
现在参见图17,在标称取向上,孔6的内螺纹150被构造成以互连方式接合螺钉头螺纹68b,以便在两者间实质上诱导型面配合相互作用(即,外螺钉头螺纹68a的顶点在内部孔螺纹150的槽内延伸,反之亦然)。内螺纹150的螺纹牙形158、159和螺钉头螺纹68b的螺纹牙形74、76使得在诱导型面配合相互作用之后,螺钉头32b的进一步推进使得螺钉头螺纹68b压在柱126的内螺纹150的槽内,以将螺钉头32b锁定到板4且基本上不变形。
现在参见图18至图20,柱126被构造成使得随着成角度的螺钉头32b在孔6内推进,在变化的成角下,诸如5度(图18)、10度(图19)和15度(图20),螺钉头螺纹68b开始与柱螺纹150的型面配合相互作用。该初始型面配合相互作用至少部分地通过以下各项实现:内螺纹150的螺距、螺纹角和/或螺纹牙形158、159,以及螺钉头螺纹68b的螺距、螺纹角和/或大致球形的牙形74、76,以及成角。在诱导型面配合相互作用之后,成角度的螺钉头32b的进一步推进导致螺钉头螺纹68b主要在内螺纹150处使柱126弹性且塑性地变形。这压缩柱126并且导致柱126对螺钉头32b施加反应性压缩力,从而一起提供柱126与螺钉头32b之间的锁定压缩配合。柱126被构造成使得成角度的螺钉头32b可完全坐置在孔6内且基本上不使柱150发生螺纹错扣,但在一些情况下可能发生一些较小的螺纹错扣。柱126也被构造成使得即使在增大的成角下,柱126也主要在径向方向R上变形,但也可能发生一些周向变形和/或竖直变形。然而,应当理解,随着成角增大,周向变形和/或竖直变形的程度也可增大。柱126的前述变形模式允许VA锁紧螺钉8b以成角度取向插入,且基本上不使内螺纹150或螺钉头螺纹68b发生螺纹错扣。
现在参见图21至图23,在另一个实施方案中,孔6中的锁紧结构可包括周向上比前述实施方案的柱26、126更细的柱226,以及周向上比前述实施方案的凹陷部28、128更宽的凹陷部228。凹陷部228可限定最低点246,该最低点在相邻柱226之间以基本上恒定的半径R3周向延伸,该半径在与最低点246相交的任何水平基准平面中从中心孔轴线22测得。最低点246可共同限定倒置截头锥体形状。柱226可各自限定最内第一表面242和在第一表面242与相邻最低点246之间径向延伸的侧表面245。侧表面245可各自为基本上平面的,并且可相对于彼此以在约10度至约45度范围内的角度A6取向,并且优选地相对于彼此以在约20度至约30度范围内的角度A6取向。第一表面242的周向宽度可在从上板表面18朝下板表面20垂直移动时减小。柱226可限定内部孔螺纹250,该内部孔螺纹具有与上述那些类似的螺纹特征(例如,螺纹角、螺距、螺纹牙形和线类型(即,单线、双线或三线))。在孔6的下部区域中,内部孔螺纹250的顶部256可限定基本上尖的末端。
柱226被构造成使得当锁紧螺钉8a、8b以标称取向插入孔6中时,螺钉头螺纹68a、68b以互连方式接合内部孔螺纹250,以便实质上诱导两者间的型面配合相互作用。在诱导型面配合相互作用之后,螺钉头32a、32b的进一步推进导致螺钉头螺纹68a、68b压在柱226的内部孔螺纹250的槽内,以将螺钉头32a、32b锁定到板4且基本上不变形。在VA锁紧螺钉8b的成角度取向下,螺钉头32b在孔6内的推进开始与内部孔螺纹250的型面配合相互作用,并且进一步的推进导致螺钉头螺纹68b使柱226弹性且塑性地变形,主要在内部孔螺纹250处,以与上述方式类似的方式在柱226与螺钉头32b之间提供锁定压缩配合,且基本上没有螺纹错扣。
现在参见图24至图26,孔6可限定柱326和凹陷部328,这些柱和凹陷部类似于上文参考图21至图23所述的那些。然而,本实施方案的柱326可以是无螺纹的(即,可以没有螺纹)。每个柱326的侧表面345可为基本上平面的,并且可相对于彼此以在约10度至约45度范围内的角度A6取向,并且优选地相对于彼此以在约20度至约30度范围内的角度A6取向。柱326的第一表面342的周向宽度可在从上板表面18朝向下板表面20垂直移动时各自减小,以便在孔6的下部区域中渐缩成单个边缘。在该实施方案中,随着螺钉头32a、32b在孔6内(不论是以标称取向还是成角度取向)推进,螺钉头螺纹68a、68b使柱326径向地并以螺纹形成方式塑性且弹性地变形,以便在柱326与螺钉头32a、32b之间提供锁定压缩配合。
应当理解,在另外的实施方案中,本文所述的柱26、126、226、326可由设置在骨板4中的孔6内的插入件限定。在此类实施方案中,插入件的柱26、126、226、326、螺钉头和板4本身可各自被构造成以将螺钉8锁定到板4的方式塑性地变形。
现在参见图27,以非限制性示例的方式,骨板4可被构造成使得孔6中的一个或多个孔与另一个结构诸如另一个孔206相交。如图所示,孔6可以共同限定“组合孔”106的方式与第二孔206相交。应当理解,其他孔构型也在本公开的范围内。
尽管已详细描述了本公开,然而应当理解,在不脱离如由所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的实质和范围的条件下,可对本文作出各种改变、替代和更改。此外,本公开的范围并非旨在仅限于本说明书中所述的具体实施方案。本领域的普通技术人员将容易理解可根据本公开采用与本文所述的相应实施方案执行基本上相同的功能或实现基本上相同结果的现有或以后将开发出的工艺、机器、制造、物质的组成、装置、方法或步骤。

Claims (18)

1.一种骨板,包括:
上表面和相背对的下表面,所述上表面被构造成背向骨,所述下表面被构造成面向所述骨;以及
至少一个孔,所述至少一个孔沿中心孔轴线从所述上表面到所述下表面延伸穿过所述骨板,所述至少一个孔由所述骨板的内部表面限定,所述内部表面还限定围绕所述内部表面的圆周顺序地定位的多个柱以及周向地定位在所述柱之间的多个凹陷部,其中所述柱中的每个柱被构造成响应于与能够接纳在所述至少一个孔内的锁紧骨螺钉的头部的接合而至少在垂直于所述中心孔轴线的径向方向上发生变形,以便将所述头部锁定到所述骨板,并且所述多个柱包括至少五个柱;
其中所述至少一个孔包括内螺纹,所述内螺纹螺旋地横穿所述多个柱,使得每个柱限定所述内螺纹的一个或多个螺纹部分,并且所述柱中的至少一些柱的所述一个或多个螺纹部分被构造成当所述锁紧骨螺钉的所述头部插入时发生所述变形中的至少一些变形;并且
其中所述内螺纹被构造成使得每个柱限定用于限定所述一个或多个螺纹部分的上部柱部分以及没有螺纹的下部柱部分,所述下部柱部分被构造成通过所述螺钉头的外螺纹变形,并且发生所述变形时基本上没有从相应柱去除材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中所述变形包括塑性变形,并且所述柱被构造成使得所述塑性变形减少所述柱的螺纹错扣。
3.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中所述多个柱包括至少九个柱。
4.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中所述柱围绕所述内部表面的所述圆周均匀地间隔开。
5.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中每个柱限定基本上面向所述中心孔轴线的第一表面,以及位于所述第一表面的相邻周向侧上的一对侧表面,所述一对侧表面至少部分地限定位于所述第一表面的所述相邻周向侧上的相应一对所述凹陷部。
6.根据权利要求5所述的骨板,其中所述多个柱的所述第一表面中的至少一个第一表面在与所述中心孔轴线正交的基准平面中具有凸形轮廓。
7.根据权利要求5所述的骨板,其中所述多个柱的所述第一表面中的至少一个第一表面在与所述中心孔轴线正交的基准平面中具有凹形轮廓。
8.根据权利要求5所述的骨板,其中所述柱中的每个柱的所述第一表面以与所述中心孔轴线成3度至30度范围内的角度从所述上表面到所述下表面径向向内渐缩。
9.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中所述内螺纹沿锥化轴线渐缩,所述锥化轴线沿所述内螺纹的根部延伸并且被取向成使得所述锥化轴线和所述中心孔轴线各自在共用基准平面中共延,并且所述锥化轴线以与所述中心孔轴线成4度至40度范围内的角度从所述上表面到所述下表面径向向内成角度。
10.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中所述孔的所述内部表面还限定从所述骨板的所述下表面朝所述上表面向上延伸的下离隙表面,并且所述离隙表面限定所述柱中的每个柱的一部分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的骨板,其中所述内螺纹从每个柱的上端部到所述下离隙表面螺旋地横穿所述柱。
12.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中所述凹陷部以与所述中心孔轴线成0度至30度范围内的角度从所述上表面到所述下表面各自径向向内成角度。
13.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中所述凹陷部各自被取向成基本上平行于所述中心孔轴线。
14.根据权利要求1所述的骨板,其中所述至少一个孔与另一个孔相交,并且所述至少一个孔和所述另一个孔共同限定组合孔。
15.一种用于附连到骨的一个或多个部分的系统,所述系统包括:
根据权利要求1所述的骨板;以及
一个或多个锁紧骨螺钉,所述一个或多个锁紧骨螺钉各自能够以标称角度和可变角度中的一者或多者插入所述至少一个孔内。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中所述一个或多个锁紧骨螺钉包括一个或多个可变角度骨螺钉。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述一个或多个锁紧骨螺钉包括多个锁紧骨螺钉,并且所述多个锁紧骨螺钉包括具有不同形状、不同尺寸或不同形状且不同尺寸的锁紧骨螺钉。
18.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中所述一个或多个锁紧骨螺钉由第一材料制成,并且所述骨板由第二材料制成,其中所述第一材料比所述第二材料硬。
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