CN106456904A - 用于导管的针拘限安全互锁件 - Google Patents
用于导管的针拘限安全互锁件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种导管组件,该导管组件包括:柔性导管(22);具有尖锐的远侧末端的针(12),所述针(12)设置在所述柔性导管(22)中并从暴露出所述针(12)的第一位置运动至第二位置;外部构件(26),该外部构件被构造成与导管座(14)接合和脱离接合;内部构件(28),该内部构件设置在所述外部构件(26)中;以及针保护构件(30),该针保护构件设置在所述内部构件(28)中,在所述针(12)处于第二位置中时,所述针保护构件(30)包围所述针(12)的至少一部分。
Description
相关申请
本发明根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求2014年4月18日提交的美国临时专利申请系列61/981,223、2014年4月18日提交的美国临时申请61/981,312和2014年11月10日提交的美国临时专利申请系列第62/077,760号的权益。所有这些申请的全部内容通过参引并入本文。
技术领域
本发明的各个示例性实施例涉及导管。
背景技术
导管组件用于将导管适当地放置于患者的脉管系统中。一旦就位,导管(例如静脉内导管)可以用于将流体(包括常规生理盐水、医药组合物和/或营养成分)灌注到需要这种治疗的患者体内。导管还能够从循环系统移出体液并监测患者脉管系统内的状况。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面在于提供一种导管组件,其中夹子提供针保护,但不会将导管座互锁至针护罩。作为取代,导管组件结合有外部针构件、内部针构件和置于内部针构件中的夹子。外部构件基于内部构件中的相对构件与导管座的孔的接合而将导管座互锁。针针保护布置可以与现有导管座一起使用,并不需要设在导管座的外侧或者内侧上的任何特定构件。
本发明的以上和/或其它方面可以通过提供一种导管组件而实现,所述导管组件包括:柔性导管;具有尖锐的远侧末端的针,所述针设置在所述柔性导管内并从暴露出所述针的第一位置运动至第二位置;外部构件,该外部构件被构造成与导管座接合和脱离接合;内部构件,该内部构件设置在所述外部构件中;以及设置在所述内部构件中的针保护构件,该针保护构件在所述针处于所述第二位置中时包围所述针的至少一部分。
本发明的以上和/或其它方面还可以进一步通过提供一种导管组件而实现,该导管组件包括:柔性导管;具有尖锐的远侧末端的针,该针设置在所述柔性导管内并从暴露出所述针的第一位置运动至第二位置;外部构件,该外部构件被设置成与导管座接合和脱离接合;内部构件,该内部构件设置在所述外部构件中,所述内部构件具有相对构件,该相对构件在所述针处于所述第一位置中时接合所述导管座;以及针保护构件,该针保护构件设置在所述内部构件中,在所述针处于所述第二位置中时,所述针保护构件包围住所述针的至少一部分,其中,当所述针处于所述第二位置中时,所述内部构件相对于所述外部构件沿轴向运动,使得所述相对构件与所述导管座脱离接合并允许所述外部构件与所述导管座脱离接合。
本发明的以上和/或其它方面还可以通过提供一种操作导管组件的方法来实现,该方法包括:将具有尖锐的远侧末端的针设置在柔性导管内处于用以接收血液的第一位置中;在维持通过所述柔性导管的血液流动的同时将所述针回缩;在第二位置中,用针保护构件包围住所述针的至少一部分;并且在所述针回缩到所述第二位置中时,使位于所述内部构件中的所述针保护构件运动,从而使得所述内部构件在外部构件内沿轴向运动并使得所述外部构件与所述导管座脱离接合。
本发明的其它和/或另外方面和优点将在随后说明中阐述,或者将由该说明而变得显明,或者可以通过对本发明加以实践而得以理解。
附图说明
本发明的以上方面和特征将由下文参照附图对本发明示例性实施例的描述变得更加显明,在附图中:
图1是附接有针遮盖件的示例性导管的立体图;
图2是针遮盖件移除后的图1导管的立体图;
图3是示例性侧端口式导管和针遮盖件的立体图;
图4是图1导管的侧视剖视图;
图5是图3导管的侧视剖视图;
图6是示例性针、针护罩和针座的分解立体图;
图7A-D是图6示例性针护罩的外部套筒的立体图;
图7E是图6外部套筒的俯视图;
图7F是图6外部套筒的右视图;
图7G是图6外部套筒的仰视图;
图7H是图6外部套筒的主视图;
图7I是图6外部套筒的后视图;
图7J图6外部套筒的左视图;
图8A是与导管座连接的针护罩的立体图;
图8B是与导管座连接的针护罩的俯视图;
图9A-D是图6示例性针护罩的内部套筒的立体图;
图9E是图6内部套筒的俯视图;
图9F是图6内部套筒的右视图;
图9G是图6内部套筒的仰视图;
图9H是图6内部套筒的主视图;
图9I是图6内部套筒的后视图;
图10A-D是图6示例性针护罩的夹子的立体图;
图10E是图6夹子的右视图;
图10F是图6夹子的主视图;
图10G是图6夹子的左视图;
图10H是图6的夹子的俯视图;
图10I是图6夹子的仰视图;
图11是图6示例性针护罩的侧视剖视图;
图12是图6示例性针护罩的俯视剖视图;
图13是与导管座连接的另一示例性针护罩的侧视剖视图,其中引入针延伸到导管座中;
图14是图13示例性针护罩的侧视剖视图,其中针回缩进入针护罩中;
图15是图13示例性针护罩的侧视剖视图,其中内部套筒从导管座回缩进入外部套筒中;
图16是图13示例性针护罩的侧视剖视图,其中针护罩从导管座移除;
图17A-C示出了针护罩的另一示例性实施例,该针护罩与导管座连接,然后从导管座移除;
图18是与导管座连接的针护罩的另一示例性实施例;
图19示出了与导管座连接的针护罩的另一示例性实施例;
图20示出了从导管座移除的针护罩的另一示例性实施例;
图21A示出了与导管座连接的针护罩的另一示例性实施例;
图21B示出了图21A的放大图,示出了外部套筒和内部套筒与导管座的接合;
图22A是与导管座连接的针护罩另一示例性实施例的侧视剖视图;
图22B示出了在针收回到外部套筒中的情况下的图22A针护罩和导管座;
图22C示出了与导管座分离的图22A针护罩;
图23A是与导管座连接的针护罩另一示例性实施例的侧视剖视图;
图23B示出了图23A的针护罩,其中内部套筒从导管座撤回,并且偏压构件与锁扣脱离接合;
图24A-D是具有一体式夹子的示例性内部套筒的立体图;
图24E是具有图24A所示的一体式夹子的内部套筒的俯视图;
图24F是具有图24A所示的一体式夹子的内部套筒的右视图;
图24G是具有图24A所示的一体式夹子的内部套筒的主视图;
图24H是具有图24A所示的一体式夹子的内部套筒的后视图;
图24I是具有图24A所示的一体式夹子的内部套筒的仰视图;
图25A是示例性导管的分解立体图,该示例性导管具有针护罩和弹簧返回式血液控制致动器和隔膜;
图25B是图25A隔膜的立体图;
图26A是图25A导管的侧视剖视图;
图26B是在针被移除的情况下的图26A导管的侧视剖视图;
图26C是图26B导管的侧视剖视图,其中凸形鲁尔连接器插入到导管座内;
图26D是图26C导管的剖视侧视图,其中鲁尔连接器推动致动器穿过隔膜;
图26E是图26D导管的侧视剖视图,其中凸形鲁尔连接器从导管座撤回;
图26F是图26E导管的侧视剖视图,其中凸形鲁尔连接器从导管座撤回;
图27示出了致动器的另一示例性实施例的右视图;
图28A示出了在导管座组件中的图27致动器的横截面视图;
图28B是在刺破隔膜时的图28A导管座组件的横截面视图;
图28C示出了在刺破隔膜时的图28A的导管座组件的左侧立体横截面视图;
图29A是导管座组件的另一示例性实施例的横截面视图;
图29B是示出在刺破隔膜时图29A导管座组件的横截面视图,而
图29C是示出在刺破隔膜时的图29A导管座组件的左侧立体横截面视图。
具体实施方式
如图1-6所示的导管10包括中空的金属引入针12、导管座14、针座16、针遮盖件18和针护罩20。针遮盖件18初始地遮盖住针12以及导管座14的至少一部分。针遮盖件18能够连接至导管座14或者连接至针座16。针12具有尖锐的远侧端部,并初始地延伸穿过针护罩20和导管座14。柔性导管管件22从导管座14的远侧端部延伸,并且引入针12穿行过导管管件22。初始地,针12被暴露出(例如,第一位置),并插入到患者血管中。导管管件22沿着针12推动,随针12进入血管内。在插入导管管件22后,针12从患者的血管和导管座14移除。针护罩20包围住针12的尖锐的远侧末端,并避免在针从导管座14缩回的期间和之后因针12而造成刺伤。针护罩20可以与各种不同的导管一起使用,包括如图2和图4所示的标准导管座14以及图3和图5所示的侧端口式导管座24。
根据各种示例性实施例,针护罩20包括外部构件26、内部构件28和弹性夹子30。外部构件26和内部构件28优选地具有套筒的形式。外部套筒26连接至导管座14,并围绕内部套筒28和夹子30。内部套筒28位于外部套筒26中,能够相对于外部套筒26沿轴向方向运动。夹子30连接至内部套筒28并能够与内部套筒一起沿轴向运动。外部套筒26、内部套筒28和夹子30可以由金属、弹性体、聚合物或者复合材料制成。在各种示例性实施例中,外部套筒26和内部套筒28由聚合物材料模制而成,夹子30由弹性金属(例如不锈钢)的薄片制成。在所披露的各个实施例中,夹子可以用作示例性针保护构件。在适当的情况下,图1-6的示例性实施例的构件可以与所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件相结合。
根据图7A-7J所绘示例性实施例,外部套筒26包括外表面32、内表面34、近侧开口36和远侧开口38。外表面32具有带有八个平面形侧部的八边形构造,但也可使用其它的曲线形和/或直线形形状。内表面34具有由一对弯曲的侧部连接的平面形顶壁和平面形底壁。内表面34限定出用于接纳内部套筒28的空腔。引入针12初始地延伸通过近侧开口和远侧开口。狭缝40延伸穿过外部套筒26的壁。外部套筒的尺寸、形状和构造可以根据导管座14的空间要求和类型而变化。
如图8A-8B最佳示出的那样,锁扣42从外表面伸出以与导管座14上的突起部44接合或者互锁。该接合发生在针12被夹子30包围住之前。在各种示例性实施例中,锁扣42可以被构造成接合导管座14上的任何类型的构件,包括凹槽、狭缝或者孔。对锁扣42的修改可以取决于导管座14的构造。在该示例性实施例中,导管座突起部44是鲁尔接收螺纹部,例如是类型的螺纹部。
锁扣42具有前边缘、后边缘和一对侧边缘。在前边缘和后边缘之间形成有开口或者凹陷部,以便接纳导管座突起部44。该开口使得锁扣42能够形成有空隙,该空隙大致等于或者稍微大于突起部44的高度,从而使得锁扣42能够接合鲁尔螺纹突起部44的前部、后部和/或侧部,同时使得所需材料和空间的量最小化。在各种示例性实施例中,开口可以省略。锁扣42避免针护罩20从导管座14过早地释放。在合适的情况下,图7A-7B的示例性实施例可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件组合在一起。
根据图9A-9I的示例性实施例,内部套筒28包括基部46、远侧侧部48和近侧侧部50。弹性腿部52和脚部54从基部46的外表面延伸。弹性腿部52和脚部54接合外部套筒26中的狭缝40。一个或者更多个夹子固位件56从基部46的内表面延伸。夹子30位于夹子固位件56和近侧侧部50之间。相对构件58从远侧侧部48沿远侧方向延伸。该相对构件58被构造成用以在针12处于暴露位置(例如,第一位置)时插入到导管座14中。在图9A-9I所示的示例性实施例中,相对构件是管状构件。近侧侧部50、远侧侧部48和相对构件58各自具有用于接纳引导针12的开口。内部套筒28的尺寸、形状和构造可以视导管座14和外部套筒26的空间要求以及类型而定。
在内部套筒18的一个备选实施例中,可以结合有桥接构件(未示出)以增进内部套筒18的强度。具体而言,远侧侧部48的顶表面和近侧侧部50的顶表面可以由实心构件连接,该实心构件具有类似于基部46的长度。内部套筒18例如可以通过注射模制而成。
在另一备选实施例中,基部46的脚部54可以被移除,并且基部46可以是实心构件。根据该构造,内部套筒28在外部套筒26中变形,从而实现合适的固位。内部套筒28和外部套筒26被适当地定尺寸,从而在施加预定作用力时,内部套筒28能够在外部套筒26内相对于外部套筒沿轴向运动。如果施加的作用力小于预定作用力,内部套筒28不会相对于外部套筒26运动。这种构造改善了内部套筒28和外部套筒26的可模制性和可制造性。在适当情况下,图9A-9I的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件相结合。
根据图10A-10I所绘的示例性实施例中,弹性夹子30包括:基部60,该基部具有用于接纳针12的开口;第一臂部62;以及从基部60延伸的第二臂部64。第一臂部62在轴向方向上延伸超过第二臂部64。第一臂部62具有第一钩部66,第二臂部64具有第二钩部68。在第一臂部62中形成有第一突片70,在第二臂部64中形成有第二突片72。在合适的情况下,图10A-10I的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件相组合。
图11和图12绘出了在组装状态下的针护罩20的示例性实施例。图11示出了位于外部套筒26的狭缝40中的内部套筒28的腿部52和脚部54。脚部54接合狭缝40,以阻止内部套筒28相对于外部套筒26的轴向运动超出脚部54接合狭缝40边缘的地点之外。腿部52和脚部54还可以形成在外部套筒26上,并且狭缝40可以形成在内部套筒28上。图12示出了第一夹子突片70和第二夹子突片72接合外部套筒26上的第一肩部74和第二肩部76。突片70、72帮助防止夹子30和内部套筒28意外地滑动到外部套筒26中(例如在运输过程中)。在初始位置中,引入针12将第一臂部62和第二臂部64偏压到打开位置中,从而突片70、72接合外部套筒26。
图13-16绘出了针护罩78的另一示例性实施例,并绘出了操作时的针护罩20的示例。初始地,引入针12穿过外部套筒80、内部套筒82和夹子84。引入针12将夹子84偏压到打开位置中,从而第一钩部和第二钩部沿针轴12搁置。在组装位置中,锁扣86接合导管座14的外表面上的鲁尔螺纹部44,并且相对构件延伸进入导管座14的近侧开口中。为了将锁扣86从导管座14移除,护罩78的外部套筒80必须被提升,从而锁扣86能够在鲁尔螺纹部44上滑动。然而,在初始情况下,通过使相对构件88延伸到导管座14中来阻止针护罩78相对于导管座14提升。
当针12从导管座14撤回时,针12的末端越过第一钩部和第二钩部,使得第一臂部和第二臂部闭合并且使得第一钩部和第二钩部围绕针12的末端。在针12的末端经过第一钩部和第二钩部并且第一臂部和第二臂部运动进入闭合取向之后,突片85与外部套筒80脱离接合,并且内部套筒82可以沿轴向方向进一步运动到外部套筒80之中。第二位置可以是闭合位置,而第一位置可以是针12在进入第二位置之前的任何位置。
当针12被进一步拉动时,针轴滑动通过针护罩78,直至变形部90(例如形成在针12的远侧端部附近以增大针直径的褶皱部或者突起部)接合夹子基部,如图14所示。夹子基部中的开口被定尺寸成允许针轴通过,但不许变形部90通过。因此,当针12的末端在夹子84的闭合位置中时,变形部90也被夹子84包围住。
针12包括变形部90的进一步运动使得内部套筒82被进一步拉动进入外部套筒80中,并将相对构件88从导管座14移除,如图15所示。具体而言,内部套筒82相对于外部套筒80运动。当相对构件88从导管座15撤回时,针护罩78可以相对于导管座14沿径向运动。然后,锁扣86能够从鲁尔螺纹突起部44提升,并且针护罩78、针12以及针座16可以与导管座14分离。
在图11和图12所示的示例性实施例中,在针护罩20移除之后,内部套筒28相对于外部套筒26在轴向方向上的远侧运动可以使得脚部54接合狭缝40,阻止内部套筒28和外部套筒26的分离并阻止针12末端的可能暴露。针变形部90和夹子基部60的接合防止针12沿近侧方向从针护罩12撤回。适当时,图11和图12的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件向组合。
图13-16所绘的针护罩78类似于图3-12中绘出的针护罩20。图13-16中的针护罩的外部套筒80包括从圆化表面延伸的一个或者更多的键槽凹槽92。键槽凹槽92阻止内部套筒82相对于外部套筒80转动。内部套筒82包括截锥头形夹子固位件94,该夹子固位件从近侧端部向远侧端部呈锥形。夹子固位件94的侧部被构造成在夹子处于闭合取向时抵接夹子84。
在各个示例性实施例中,夹子固位件94具有一表面,该表面如此延伸,使得钩部其中之一在移除针12的整个过程中搁置在夹子固位件94(未示出)上。在该构造中,仅单个臂部从打开取向运动至闭合取向。单个运动臂部的使用减少了针12上的摩擦,并在针从导管座14移除过程中帮助阻止粘合(binding)。在一些实施例中,针护罩被构造成使用仅有单个臂部的夹子,但是在某些应用场合,使用两个臂部对平衡夹子并阻止夹子基部相对于针12倾斜而言是有利的。在适当情况下,图13-16的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件相结合。
图17A-17C绘出了针护罩96的另一示例性实施例,该针护罩具有外部套筒98和具有单个臂部的金属夹子100,内部套筒被省略。外部套筒98具有闩锁件102,该闩锁件用作相对构件。闩锁件102具有从外部套筒98的内表面延伸的第一臂部和例如通过活铰链铰接至第一臂部的第二臂部。夹子100包括钩部,该钩部具有沿远侧方向延伸的突片104以抵接闩锁件102。突片104和/或被插入的针12可以将闩锁件102固位在闭合构造中,阻止针护罩96相对于导管座14做径向运动,并因此阻止锁扣与鲁尔螺纹件脱离接合。
当针12撤回到针护罩96中时,夹子100运动进入闭合位置中,将突片104与闩锁件102脱离接合,并允许闩锁件102打开,如图17B所示。在闩锁件102打开之后,针护罩96能够与导管座14脱离接合,如图17C所示。在闭合位置中,突片104可以接合或者可以不接合底突起部106,阻止针12和金属夹子100沿远侧方向从针护罩96出来。针变形部90和夹子基部的接合阻止针12沿近侧方向从针护罩96撤回。在适当情况下,图17A-17C的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它实施例的构件相结合。
图18绘出了针护罩108的另一示例性实施例,该针护罩具有外部套筒110和具有单个臂部的金属夹子112,内部套筒被省略。夹子112包括钩部,该钩部具有突片114,该突片沿着远侧方向延伸以用作相对构件。突片114接合导管座14的内表面,以抵抗针护罩108相对于导管座14的径向运动。当针12撤回到针护罩108中时,臂部运动到闭合位置中,使突片114与导管座脱离接合。这使得针护罩108能够将导管座14脱离接合。在闭合位置中,钩部接合底突起部116,阻止针12和夹子112沿远侧方向从针护罩108出来。针变形部90和夹子基部的接合阻止针12沿近侧方向从针护罩108撤回。在适当情况下,图18的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件相结合。
图19和图20绘出了针护罩118的另一示例性实施例,该针护罩具有外部套筒120和具有第一和第二臂部的金属夹子122,内部套筒被省略。第一和第二臂部延伸到导管座14中以接合导管座14的内表面并用作相对构件。当针12撤回到针护罩中时,臂部运动到闭合位置中。在某些实施例中,闭合位置提供了足够的间隙使针护罩118从导管座14移除。在一些备选实施例中,接合夹子122的针12使夹子122在外部套筒120内运动,从而第一臂部和第二臂部在针护罩118可以脱离接合之前完全从导管座14撤回。
如图20所示,突片124可以从一个臂部延伸。突片124带角度,从而其可以向近侧运动到外部套筒120中形成的狭缝126中。突片124的角度接合狭缝126的侧部,从而在针护罩118已从导管座14移除之后抵抗夹子122和针12的远侧运动。针变形部90与夹子122的接合阻止针12沿近侧方向从针护罩118移除。在适当情况下,图19和图20的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例相结合。
图21A和图21B绘出了针护罩128的另一示例性实施例,该针护罩具有外部套筒130、内部套筒132以及具有第一臂部和第二臂部的夹子134。内部套筒132延伸到导管座14中并抵接导管座的内表面,用作相对构件。当针12撤回到针护罩128中,臂部运动到闭合位置中,并且夹子134将内部套筒132从导管座14拉出到外部套筒130中。内部套筒132与导管座14的脱离接合允许针护罩128能够与导管座14脱离接合。在适当情况下,图21A和图21B的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例。
图22A-22C绘出了针护罩148的另一示例性实施例,该针护罩具有外部套筒150、内部套筒152和夹子154。夹子154具有第一臂部156和第二臂部158。第一臂部156能够运动,并且能够包括钩部,该钩部在针抽回到内部套筒152中时以适当的量拘限住针12。突起部160从内部套筒152延伸以接纳第二臂部158。因此,第二臂部158在针运动期间不接合针。在该构造中,仅第一臂部156从打开取向运动至闭合取向。使用单个运动臂部减少了对针12的摩擦,并在针从导管座14撤回期间帮助防止粘合。在适当情况下,图22A-22C的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件一起使用。
图23A-23B绘出了针护罩162的另一示例性实施例,该针护罩具有外部套筒164、内部套筒166和夹子168。外部套筒164具有偏压构件170,该偏压构件延伸到导管座14中并抵接该导管座。偏压构件170是弹性材料,例如弹簧材料或者其它弹性体材料,其可以与外部套筒164一体地形成或者连接至该外部套筒。在各个示例性实施例中,偏压构件170可以形成为夹子168的一部分,或者连接至该夹子。壳体172围绕针护罩162。初始地,夹子168或者内部套筒166的相对构件将偏压构件170固位在压缩状态。当内部套筒166完全收回到外部套筒164中时,偏压构件170偏压外部套筒164,帮助锁扣174运动离开鲁尔螺纹部。在适当情况下,图23A和图23B的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件相结合。
图24A-24I绘出了内部套筒176的另一示例性实施例,该内部套筒176具有整合式(integral)或者单体式(unitary)夹子。内部套筒176和夹子的组合可以由金属或者塑料单片制成,或者它们可以由不同的材料片制成并一体地模制在一起。内部套筒176包括相对构件180和外部构件182,该相对构件沿着远侧方向延伸以进入导管座(未示出),该外部构件沿远侧方向延伸以进入外部套筒(未示出)。外部构件182具有中央柱形部分,该中央柱形部分具有一个或者更多个径向延伸的肋部。内部套筒176的夹子部分具有从远侧壁188延伸的第一臂部184和第二臂部186。第一臂部184和第二臂部186能够在打开取向和闭合取向之间运动以接纳并容装针的末端(未示出)。在适当情况下,图24A-24I的示例性实施例的构件可以与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例的构件相结合。
以上所描述的任何一种针护罩可以与图25A-26F绘出的多用途鲁尔致动式血液控制导管座一起使用。导管包括导管座14和从导管座延伸的柔性导管管件。金属楔形件136位于导管座中以固位导管管件。设置有隔膜138以控制流经导管座14的流体。如图25B最佳地示出的那样,隔膜138具有一个或更多个弹性开口或者狭缝140,其被设计成用于选择性地阻止不期望的流体流经隔膜138。隔膜138具有三个狭缝140,这三个狭缝形成三个三角形瓣部,这三个三角形瓣部在由致动器142接合时打开。隔膜138由弹性材料(例如硅橡胶)制成。
隔膜138还包括多个轴向流动通道139。流动通道139设置在隔膜138的外周边上。所示出的是八条彼此等距间隔开的流动通道139,但是还可以构想到其它各种数量和位置。流动通道139具有合适的宽度和深度,从而当隔膜138没有被刺穿时,在导管座的前部分中,血液可以进入隔膜138的远侧端部而空气可以从隔膜的远侧端部逃逸。同时,流动通道139的尺寸足够地小,从而(至少在一段时间上)阻止血液通过隔膜138出来。这种构造是可能的,因为血液中的分子间作用力比空气中的分子间作用力更大。图25B中示出的隔膜138可以用在本文所披露的任何一个实施例中。本领域技术人员还将能够理解到使用其它的隔膜构造。
在导管座14中设有致动器142和偏压或返回构件(例如金属或者塑料压缩弹簧144)。致动器142接合隔膜138以打开狭缝140并允许流体流经导管座14。偏压或返回构件144能够使致动器142返回至允许弹性狭缝140闭合的位置,阻止流体流经导管座14。
致动器142具有围绕内通道143B的致动筒管143A。致动器筒管143A是大致管形的构件,而内通道143B是大致柱形的。管形构件具有一个或者更多个开口143C以允许流体流动经过致动器筒管和围绕该致动器筒管流动。致动器筒管的第一端部具有鼻部,该鼻部具有带倒角的外表面以接合隔膜。截锥头形区段145A从致动器筒管143A的第二端部延伸。截锥头形区段145A具有一个或更多个开口145B以允许流体经其流过。柱形区段145C从截锥头形区段145A延伸以接合凸形鲁尔连接器。具有带角度的前表面的一个或更多个钩部和狭缝147从致动器筒管143A延伸。
在图25A-26F示出的示例性实施例中,偏压或者返回构件是弹簧144,例如是具有远侧端部和近侧端部的螺旋形压缩弹簧。弹簧144可以由金属、塑料、弹性体或者其它合适的弹性材料制成。弹簧144的远侧端部与导管座14的内表面形成干涉配合(interferencefit)。该干涉配合是充分的,从而在甚至加载过程中也能够保持住弹簧144,或者弹簧144的远侧端部还可以抵接隔膜138。弹簧144的近侧端部例如通过配合在钩部之上并进入狭缝中而连接至致动器142。在另一些实施例142中,致动器142和偏压构件144组合成单一式结构。在各个示例性实施例中,导管座14的内表面和/或致动器142的外表面和/或偏压构件144包括底切部、隆起部、伸出部、齿叉部或者其它合适的结构以形成导管座14和偏压构件144之间以及偏压构件144和致动器142之间的卡扣连接。
图26A-26F绘出了导管座14与致动器142和偏压构件144的操作。引入针12初始地延伸通过致动器142、隔膜138、楔形部136和导管座22。在引入针12和导管管件22插入患者体内之后,针12撤回,关闭隔膜138。当凸形鲁尔连接器146插入导管座14时,鲁尔连接器146抵接致动器142并使致动器142沿远侧方向运动,使弹簧144压缩。鲁尔连接器146的进一步插入使致动器142运动通过隔膜138,将狭缝140打开并允许流体流动通过导管座14。
当鲁尔连接器146移除后,弹簧144使致动器142从隔膜138移除,将狭缝140关闭并阻止流体流经该狭缝。这允许导管组件通过多个鲁尔连接件被再次使用,这与单次使用型导管相反,对于单次使用型导管,在鲁尔连接器被移除之后,致动器142将留在隔膜138中。然而,没有致动器142和/或弹簧144的单次使用型导管也可以与本文所描述的针护罩一起使用。在适当情况下,图25A-26F的示例性实施例的构件与本文所披露的其它示例性实施例一起使用。
图27示出了致动器254的示例性实施例。致动器254可以用在本文描述的任何实施例中。致动器254包括鼻部258,该鼻部在致动器254穿透导管座组件的隔膜238中时减少摩擦。致动器254还包括开口255,该开口在沿着垂直于致动器254的中心线的方向上延伸通过致动器254。例如,致动器254可以包括两个矩形形状的开口255,虽然还可以构想到更多个或者更少个的情形。
致动器254还包括多个凹槽257,所述多个凹槽在与致动器254的中心线平行的平面中沿着致动器254的外表面的远侧部分沿轴向延伸。例如,沿着致动器254的远侧部分的外表面可以存在四个凹槽257,这四个凹槽沿径向方向地彼此等距离间隔开,然而可以构想更多个或者更少个凹槽257。各个凹槽257进入致动器254的深度可以变化。凹槽257不同于开口255,因为凹槽257没有完全延伸穿过致动器254的厚度。
有利地,开口255和凹槽257提供用于流体的增加的区域,以在导管座组件内部运动。有利地,增加的区域允许流体冲刷并阻止流体聚集在隔膜的近侧端部和远侧端部中。另外,开口255和多个凹槽257有利地使流体的滞留最小化并允许更好的混合。在操作时,凹槽257还能阻止隔膜在致动器的外侧表面上密封。在没有形成密封界面的情况下,流体能够经由凹槽57渗透过隔膜并提供额外的冲刷。
图28A示出了在导管座组件中的图27的致动器254。与上文所描述的实施例类似,导管座组件还包括导管座214、隔膜238和偏压构件256。如所示出的那样,致动器254的凹槽257和开口255提供了更多区域使流体在导管座214内部流动,从而实现上文所描述的优点。
图28B和图28C示出了在偏压构件256压缩并且致动器254刺穿隔膜238时的导管座组件。导管座组件可以被构造成使得致动器254的凹槽257和/或开口255选择性地刺穿或者穿透隔膜238。在所示实施例中,致动器254中的开口255没有穿透隔膜238。然而,致动器254中的凹槽257穿透隔膜238。除了上文所描述的优点之外,该构造使得更多的流体能够从隔膜38的近侧端部通过凹槽257流向远侧端部。在导管组件操作完成后,致动器254在偏压构件256施加的作用力下从隔膜238缩回。导管组件被构造用于在按压致动器254时的多种用途。本实施例所描述的构件(例如致动器)可以与本发明通篇描述的构件组合使用。
图29A示出了在导管座组件中的致动器364的另一实施例。导管座组件包括导管座362,该导管座具有侧端口368。侧端口368为导管座362中的流体流动提供第二通路。导管座362的主孔与侧端口368的相交区域包括套筒372。套筒372提供了在侧端口368和导管座362之间的选择性流体连通。具体而言,当足够的流体压力通过侧端口368施加时,套筒372压缩。套筒372的压缩使得流体能够进入导管座362。关于本文所描述类型的导管组件中的侧端口式导管,参见美国专利第4,231,367号(此文献通过引用并入本文中)。导管座组件还包括隔膜370和对致动器364施加应力的偏压构件366。
致动器364包括以与上文所描述的方式类似的方式延伸通过致动器364的多个开口365。致动器364包括具有不同的尺寸和间隔的两排四个开口365,然而可以构想到不同数量、尺寸和间隔的开口365。如图所示,开口365为导管座362内的流体流动提供了更多的区域,从而实现了关于图27-28C所描述的类似优点。
图29B和图29C示出了在致动器364刺穿隔膜370并压缩偏压构件366时的导管座组件。导管座组件被构造成使得致动器364的开口365可选地刺穿隔膜370。在所示实施例中,致动器364中的开口没有刺穿隔膜370。除了上文描述的优点之外,该构造允许侧端口368和导管座362之间在隔膜370的近侧端部处的增加的流体流动。如果致动器364中的开口刺穿隔膜370,增加的流体混合将发生在隔膜370的远侧端部处。
当导管组件的操作完成时,致动器364在偏压构件366施加的作用力下从隔膜370缩回。导管组件被构造用于在按压致动器364时的多种用途。本实施例所描述的构件(包括致动器)可以与本发明通篇描述的构件组合使用。
上文已经提供了对某些示例性实施例的详细描述,以便解释本发明的原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域技术人员能够理解本发明的各个实施例以及所构想到的适于特定用途的各种变型方案。本说明书并非必须是排它性的以将本发明限制于所披露的具体实施例。本文所描述的各个实施例和/或元件可以彼此接合以形成没有详细披露的各种额外的实施例。因此,额外的实施例是可能的,并被包含于本发明的说明书和范围内。本说明书描述的特定实施例用于实现更加上位的目标,该目标可以以另外的方式实现。
本文使用的术语“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“向上”、“向下”以及其它方位性描述语用于帮助描述本发明的示例性实施例,并不意欲将本发明的示例性实施例结构限制于特定的位置或者取向。本领域技术人员理解程度性术语例如“大致”或者“大约”涉及在所给出数值之外的合理范围,例如与制造、组装和使用所描述实施例相关的通用公差。
Claims (20)
1.一种导管组件,其包括:
柔性导管;
具有尖锐的远侧末端的针,所述针设置在所述柔性导管内并且从暴露出所述针的第一位置运动至第二位置;
外部构件,所述外部构件被构造成用以与导管座接合和脱离接合;
内部构件,所述内部构件设置在所述外部构件中;以及
针保护构件,该针保护构件设置在所述内部构件中,在所述针处于所述第二位置时,所述针保护构件包围住所述针的至少一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导管组件,其中,在所述针处于所述第一位置时,所述外部构件与所述导管座互锁。
3.根据权利要求2所述的导管组件,其中,在所述外部构件中的锁扣与所述导管座中的突起部互锁。
4.根据权利要求1所述的导管组件,其中:
所述内部构件包括相对构件;并且
在所述针处于所述第一位置中时,所述相对构件位于所述导管座中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的导管组件,其中,当所述相对构件位于所述导管座中时,所述外部构件接合所述导管座。
6.根据权利要求1所述的导管组件,其中,所述内部构件被构造成在所述针处于所述第二位置中时相对于所述外部构件沿轴向运动。
7.根据权利要求1所述的导管组件,其中,所述针保护构件包括弹性夹子。
8.根据权利要求7所述的导管组件,其中,在所述针到达所述第二位置之前,所述针将所述弹性夹子偏压到打开位置中。
9.根据权利要求7所述的导管组件,其中:
所述弹性夹子包括至少一个臂部;并且
在所述针到达所述第二位置之前,所述针将所述至少一个臂部偏压进入打开位置。
10.根据权利要求7所述的导管组件,其中,所述弹性夹子包括至少一个突片,在所述针处于所述第一位置中时,所述至少一个突片接合所述外部构件中的肩部。
11.根据权利要求10所述的导管组件,其中,在所述针处于所述第二位置中时,所述弹性夹子的所述至少一个突片与所述外部构件中的所述肩部脱离接合。
12.根据权利要求1所述的导管组件,其中:
所述针还包括变形部;并且
在所述针处于所述第二位置中时,所述变形部由所述针保护构件包围。
13.根据权利要求12所述的导管组件,其中,所述针中的所述变形部被构造成使得所述内部构件相对于所述外部构件沿轴向运动。
14.根据权利要求1所述的导管组件,其中:
所述外部构件是外部套筒;并且
所述内部构件是内部套筒。
15.一种导管组件,其包括:
柔性导管;
具有尖锐的远侧末端的针,所述针设置在所述柔性导管中并且从暴露出所述针的第一位置运动至第二位置;
外部构件,所述外部构件被构造成用以与导管座接合和脱离接合;
设置在所述外部构件中的内部构件,所述内部构件具有相对构件,所述相对构件在所述针处于所述第一位置中时接合所述导管座;以及设置在所述内部构件中的针保护构件,所述针保护构件在所述针处于所述第二位置中时包围住所述针的至少一部分;
其中,在所述针处于所述第二位置中时,所述内部构件相对于所述外部构件沿轴向运动,使得所述相对构件与所述导管座脱离接合并允许所述外部构件与所述导管座脱离接合。
16.根据权利要求15所述的导管组件,其中:
所述外部构件是外部套筒;并且
所述内部构件是内部套筒。
17.一种操作导管组件的方法,包括:
将具有尖锐的远侧末端的针设置在柔性导管内并且处于第一位置中;
使所述针经所述柔性导管回缩;
在第二位置中,用针保护构件包围住所述针的至少一部分;以及在将所述针回缩在所述第二位置中时,使置于内部构件中的所述针保护构件运动,从而使得所述内部构件在外部构件内沿轴向运动并使得所述外部构件与所述导管座脱离接合。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,还包括:
在使所述外部构件与所述导管座脱离接合之前,使所述内部构件与所述导管座脱离接合。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,还包括:
在所述针处于所述第一位置中时,将所述外部构件和所述导管座互锁。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,还包括:
在所述针处于所述第一位置中时,将所述针保护构件偏压至打开位置中;
其中,所述针保护构件是弹性夹子。
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