CN1060658A - 生产乙烯聚合物的设备和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供生产乙烯聚合物的设备和方法,其中
使用封闭环管(即环管反应器)形式的管道装置,用以
接受包括乙烯的单体、聚合催化剂和稀释剂流过管
道;使单体聚合成乙烯聚合物。管道装置包括至少一
根卷曲板材制成的管子;冷却剂流体绕着这根管子流
过进行热交换。
Description
本发明涉及在环管反应器内生产乙烯聚合物的设备和方法。该环管反应器由封闭环管形式的管道所构成。
烯烃聚合物(如聚乙烯)的典型生产是通过把单体、催化剂以及稀释剂混合并在环管反应器中循环而实现的。聚合反应是放热反应,它放出相当大的热量。因此,为了维持所需要的反应温度,将冷却流体(如水)与环管反应器的某些管段的外表面相接触并在其周围循环。
人们特别希望对从反应器移热进行优化,从而可以在一定的反应温度下获得最大的聚合物产率,或者在一定的聚合物产率下使反应温度最低,进而获得较低密度的聚合物。
因此,本发明的目的是提供在环管反应器中生产乙烯聚合物的设备和方法,它在从反应物中除热方面对先有技术作了改进。
上述目的是采用生产乙烯聚合物的设备来实现的,它包括:用于限定流通路径并穿过它形成封闭环管的管道装置,其中至少管道装置的一部分包括至少一根由卷曲板材制成的管子,板材有两条沿接缝联接的边;使冷却剂流体在管子外表面流过进行热交换的冷却装置;向通路中引入至少一种单体(包括乙烯)的装置;向通路中引入聚合催化剂和稀释剂的装置;使单体、催化剂和稀释剂以混合形式流过通路并绕着封闭环管流动的装置,在流动过程中乙烯聚合物就在通路中生成;和从通路中取出聚合物的装置。
另一方面,本发明提供了采用上述设备生产乙烯聚合物的方法。在此设备内,当反应物在管道装置内的上述通路中流过时,冷却剂在管道外表面流动进行热交换。
正如下面将更详细地讨论到的,采用轧制板材结构制作上述管子可使管壁比先有技术中的无缝结构的管子更薄,正如后面的实施例所说明的。在这点上减小壁厚可使传热系数增加,从而使反应器除热增加。如前所述,这种对反应器移热能力的强化可在一定反应温度下获得最大的聚合物产率或在一定的聚合物产率下使反应温度最低,从而得到较低密度的聚合物。
图的简要说明
图1是生产乙烯聚合物设备的图解等比例示意图(Schematic and isometric representation)。
图2是图1所示设备之一部分的侧视图。
图3是图2沿3-3截面的剖面图,它表明了本发明中管子的卷曲板材结构。
本发明普遍适用于乙烯聚合物的生产,该生产是使至少一种含乙烯的单体、催化剂和稀释剂混合流过环管反应器而完成的。
单体进料可以仅是乙烯,也可以是乙烯和少量(总单体进料的25%(重量)以下)其它烯烃的混合物。这些烯烃可以是每分子3至8个碳原子的1-烯烃,如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、4-乙基-1-己烯等等,或共轭二烯烃,如丁二烯或异戊二烯。
催化剂可以是任何能使上述单体聚合的催化剂,然而最适宜的是含6价铬的铬氧化物催化剂。
稀释剂可以是,例如,碳氢化合物,例如:正戊烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正己烷、正癸烷、环己烷、甲基环戊烷、甲基环己烷等等。
生成的乙烯聚合物是颗粒状的,根据本发明的某些方面,乙烯聚合物可以是乙烯的均聚物或乙烯和上述其它烯烃的共聚物。在此处及以后的权利要求书中所用的术语“乙烯的聚合物”和“乙烯聚合物”包括仅由乙烯单体生成的乙烯均聚物,和由乙烯和其它烯烃生成的乙烯和其它烯烃的共聚物。
现在来看图1,图中标号10图解地表示环管反应器。所示的封闭环管图解地表示管道装置限定的通路,它包括许多基本上垂直方向的部分12、14、16和18,还包括许多基本上水平方向的部分20、22、24和26。如图所示,第12和14部分的上端与第20部分相联接,而第16和18两部分的上端也类似地与第22部分相联。第14和第16部分的下端与第26部分联接,第12和第18部分的下端则类似地与第24部分联接。每个不同的部分都是管子所组成的,在下面图2中将进一步讨论这些管子。
应当理解图1中所示的环管反应器10的配置只是一种可能的方案,还可以采用其它配置和提供各种相互联接部分的形式而限定封闭环管。
如图所示,液态的单体进料从标号28处进入所示方案的第14部分。固体颗粒状催化剂的浆料和液体稀释剂从标号30处进入第26部分。虽然在图中只示意出使催化剂和稀释剂仅从一个注入点进入第26部分,但在工业反应器中最好有数个这种注入点(3到10个)。
反应物沿预先确定的方向流动,例如沿图中所示的箭头方向流动。该流动是借助于一个内置的螺旋桨或类似的装置(图中未表示出)而进行的。该螺旋桨是通过驱动联接装置32与适当的动力源34相联接而驱动的。反应混合物的流动应维持足够高的速度以保持固体的悬浮。液体流率按雷诺数表示在约1,000,000至约35,000,000范围内较好。
至于其它反应条件,环管反应器内反应物的温度通常维持在约150°F到约250°F。压力通常维持在约450到约800磅/平方英寸(表压)范围内(流体表压,相对于大气压测量)。
乙烯聚合物就在环管反应器10中生成,并由沉降料腿装置36和阀门38排出。当反应物流经第24部分时,聚合物就倾向于从阀门38(关闭状态)上行进入沉降料腿36。阀门38由相应的控制装置(此处未标出)周期性地开启以放出很稠的聚合物和稀释剂的桨料。假定构成反应器通路的各种管子的外径大约为10英寸到约30英寸,并且公称壁厚为约1/2英寸到约3/4英寸之间,则聚合物的产率一般在30,000磅/小时到50,000磅/小时。聚合物的密度大约为0.89到0.97,它取决于反应温度、所用的单体以及单体加入速率。一般来说在恒定的单体加入速率下,反应温度降低,会使生成的聚合物有较低的密度。
现在来看图2,这是环管反应器中的第12部分。为了说明方便,将其中间部分截断。第12部分包括内管40,它接受单体、稀释剂、催化剂和聚合物通过,管子40穿过管子42延伸以使它们基本上同轴。外管42的下部与扩大部分44相联,这里有冷却剂流体入口46,如图所示,冷却剂液流从标号48处通过入口46进入。类似地,外管42的上部与带有出口52的扩大部分50相联,如图所示,冷却剂流体在标号54处通过出口流出。相应地,冷却剂在管子40和42之间的基本上环形的空间内流动从而围绕管子40的外表面流动并与之相接触。冷却剂液体和管子40内的反应物通过管子40的管壁进行热交换,从而移出管子40内的反应热。
扩大段44和50分别与端环56和58相接,管子40经过端环延伸出去。为进一步固定管子40,用支撑件60和62分别与端环56和58以及内管40相联。最后,管子40的上、下两端分别与弯头64和66通过法兰相接。弯头64伸向第24部分(见图1),而弯头66伸向第20部分(见图1)。图2中可见法兰68,它位于沿着基本上水平方向的第20部分居中放置(图2中看不到第20部分)。
现在来看图3,它是管子40和42的剖面图,及由管子40外表面与管子42内表面之间所形成的基本上环形的空间70的剖面图。
管子40由轧制板材制成,它的两条边沿纵向对接形成缝72。管子40用已知的常用的方法制成,其中板材被轧制成所需要的管状。轧制板材的两边适宜用任何合适的焊接技术(比如电弧焊)连接以产生焊缝。用于焊接的填充金属最好是与轧制钢板相似的金属以及具有相当的抗张强度,而且填充金属宜从管子40的外表面延伸至管子40的内表面以形成“完整的”对焊接口。经全面射线照相探伤检查,这种“完整的”对焊接口可以是,例如,双面焊接的对焊接口的形式。这样可使联接效率(焊接的允许应力和轧制板材的允许应力之比)达到100%,参见美国机械工程师协会ASME压力容器条例第Ⅷ部分第1节。
管子40的轧制板材宜包括导热系数至少为约20英制热量单位/小时·°F·英尺、最小抗张强度至少为约50,000磅/平方英寸的钢。作为例子,表Ⅰ中列出了一些具有以上性质、适于本发明的比碳钢(specific carbon steel)和低合金钢,表Ⅰ中还对应列出了它们的导热系数和最小抗张强度。
表Ⅰ中每种钢的导热系数的计算方法在随后的例子中要详细讨论,其相应温度范围是约134至约233°F。本文及所附的权利要求书中所有的导热系数都是对应此温度范围的。最小抗张强度引自《Lukens 1988-1989钢板特性指南》(Lukens钢铁公司,Coatesville,Pennsylvania,1988)。请注意,为了使环管反应器符合ASME条例的规定,采用的钢应是在ASME压力容器条例中UCS-23表上所列的一种。
关于管子40轧制板材所用钢的成份,最好钢中含碳量小于约0.5%(重量),含锰量小于约1.5%(重量),含硅量小于约1.0%(重量),含铬量小于约2.5%(重量),含镍量小于约1.0%(重量)较好。表Ⅰ中列出的钢全都符合这些成份特点。已经发现,上述各元素一般都使钢的导热系数下降。反之,钴、钼、铜、硫和磷能提高钢的导热系数。
权衡钢的导热系数、最小抗张强度、可焊接性和成本可发现较好的选择是导热系数为约25至约30英制热量单位/小时·°F·英尺和最小抗张强度为约60,000至约90,000磅/平方英寸,再加上上述碳、锰和硅的组分限制,及含铬量少于约0.25%(重量)和含镍量少于约0.25%(重量)的钢。表Ⅰ所列钢材中,A516 Gr 70是符合这些标准的特别合适的钢。
关于管子40的尺寸。假定在典型的乙烯聚合过程条件下,如果管子40的外径为约10英寸至约30英寸之间,则该管子轧制板材的公称壁厚为约1/2英寸至约3/4英寸,及根据ASME压力容器条例第Ⅷ部分第1节而定的相应的加工公差(mill toleran-ce)小于0.01英寸(尺寸差)或6%(相对差)较好。这种轧制板材的加工公差足够小使得计算设计厚度(最小允许厚度)时,根据ASME条例可假定加工公差为零。这里及所附的权利要求书中所用的“公称厚度”是指在生产过程中指定生产的轧制板材的壁厚。此外,在这里和后面权利要求书中所用的“加工公差”指实际壁厚和公称厚度的最大差值。在后面例子中要讨论的术语“设计厚度”是指应某一预定的设计压力的需要计算出的厚度值。
管子42也可为轧制板材结构,如图3所示,它也有一条纵向的焊缝74。为了生产上的方便,管子42可以用与管子40同样的材料来制造。
组成水平方向部分20、22、24和26(图1)的管子可以是无缝结构而不用轧制板材结构。由于加工公差大,这样的无缝结构的设计厚度要比轧制板材结构大,这一点在下面讨论的例子中会更明显。然而,由于在水平方向部分中没有冷却夹套相联,所以较大的设计厚度和相应较低的传热系数显得不太重要。
为了进一步说明本发明,显示本发明优于先有技术中采用无缝管子的环管反应器之处,现在来叙述一个计算实例。这个实例应不被认为在任何意义上限制本发明。
下面的等式给出了圆柱形反应器管壁的设计壁厚:
t= (p(R+Ci)/(SE-·6P))/(1-M) +C (1)
式中t是设计壁厚,单位为英寸;P是设计压强(内压强),单位为磅/平方英寸(绝对压强)(绝对流体压强,相对于零压强测得);R是管子的内半径(miside radius),单位为英寸;S是允许应力,单位为磅/平方英寸;E是联接效率因子,无单位(unitless);Ci是表示管子内表面的内腐蚀允许量,单位为英寸;C是总腐蚀量(内腐蚀允许量Ci与管子外表面的外腐蚀允许量Co的总和),单位为英寸;和M是加工公差,它在等式中是分数且无单位。
表Ⅱ列出了对先有技术中具有无缝结构采用A106 Gr B钢的反应器管子(写为“先有技术”)和根据本发明的具有轧制和焊接结构采用A516 Gr 70钢的反应器管子(写为“本发明”)推定的等式(1)各变量的值和t的计算值。表Ⅱ还指出了可得到的最接近设计厚度t但大于t的板材或无缝管子的公称厚度tn。
在每一种情况下,假设设计压强P显著高于乙烯聚合反应器的最大操作压强,并且考虑了流体静压和泵的压差。对每一种钢,假定允许压力S为最小抗张强度的1/4。对无缝管子来说,由于没有接缝,当然设联接效率E为1(或100%),对轧制板材管子来说,以经完全射线照相探伤检查的完全对接焊为基,设E为1(100%)。根据ASME压力容器条例第Ⅷ部分第1节,无缝管子的加工公差M为0.125(12.5%)。这个无缝管子的大的加工公差是由于制造这种无缝管子的制造方法如挤压造成的。轧制板材管子是用长方形板制造的。制成的该平板厚度差可以非常小,因此,根据前述的ASME压力容器条例,轧制板材管子的加工公差可假定为零。每一种情况下的总腐蚀允许量C的确定是由于允许外表面因腐蚀厚度损失1/32英寸(CO=1/32英寸),内表面因腐蚀厚度损失1/32英寸以及另因定期清洗内表面厚度又损失1/32英寸(Ci=1/16英寸),由此得出总的腐蚀允许量为3/32英寸(0.0938英寸)。
从表Ⅱ可见无缝管子的设计厚度t明显地大于轧制板材管子的对应值,这使得其公称壁厚tn也比轧制板材管子的公称壁厚大。虽然设计厚度差的一部分是由于允许应力值的差造成的,但大部分差是由于无缝管子的加工公差值大造成的。
下式是在假设管子直径比壁厚大的条件下,反应器管壁传热系数的接近的近似表达式,正如在这个特例中的情况那样:
hr = (K)/(tn) (2)
式中hr是反应器管壁的传热系数,单位为英制热量单位/小时·平方英尺·°F,K是反应器管壁的导热系数,单位是英制热量单位/小时·英尺·°F,tn是反应器管壁的公称厚度,单位为英尺。
为了对上面讨论的每一种反应器管子的hr进行计算,需要精确确定导热系数K。可将等式变换成求K的形式,这是一个所用的特殊钢的组分的函数:
K=f(C,Mn,Cr,Ni,Si,CoMo,PS)
(3)
式中C是碳的重量百分比,Mn是锰的重量百分比,Cr是铬的重量百分比,Ni是镍的重量百分比,Si是硅的重量百分比,CoMo是钴和钼的重量百分比之和,而PS是磷和硫的重量百分比之和。
可从Boyer,H.E和Gall,T.L.所著的《ASM金属手册》(美国金属协会,Metals Park,Ohio,1984)以及Touloukian,Y.S.等所著的“导热系数-金属元素和合金”(第1卷,《物质的热物理性质》IFI/Plenum,1970)中得到共71个数据点。其中每个数据点包括一个导热值,单位为瓦/厘米·°K和碳、锰、铬、镍、硅、钴钼和磷硫中每个的重量百分比。这些数据点主要是取自碳钢和低合金钢,不包括任何淬火的或低温退火的钢。此外,所有数据点的导热系数值都对应于134°F(330°K)到233°F(385°K)之间。为使等式适用于这些数据点。将其乘以一个变换因子57.7789就可将瓦/厘米·°K变换成英制热量单位/小时·英尺·°F。得到的等式如下:
K=57.7789(-.184145C+.103058C2-.090918Mn
+.004656Mn2-.019635C/Mn-.080988Cr-.040108Ni
+.029689CoMo+.083686CuC/Mn-.118106Si
+.136711PS+.640509), (4)
式中的单位为英制热量单位/小时·英尺·°F。
对于上面讨论的每种类型的反应器管材(A106 Gr B和A516 Gr 70)都是利用《Lukens 1988-1989钢材特性指南》(Supra)中的所用的钢材组成重量百分比值,由式(4)算出导热系数K。如该指南给出的数据是一个范围,则取平均重量百分比值;如该指南查出的是最大值,则取最大值的75%。然后,将所算出的K值和公称厚度tn再代入方程(2)去求传热系数值hr。表Ⅲ中列了各种反应器管子的K、tn和hr值。
表Ⅲ
管子类型 K(英制热量单 tnhr(英制热量单
位/小时·英尺 (英尺) 位/小时·平方英
·°F) 尺·°F)
先有技术 28.7 0.9690/12 355
(无缝管子)
本发明 27.8 0.6875/12 485
(轧制板材)
由表Ⅲ可见,虽然无缝反应器管子的导热系数稍高于轧制板材反应器管子的导热系数,但是轧制板材反应器管子的传热系数明显大于前者(几乎为37%)。当连同反应物浆料膜传热系数为约500英制热量单位/小时·平方英尺·°F和冷却剂(水)膜传热系数为约950英制热量单位/小时·平方英尺·°F一起用于传热计算时,根据本发明,这个较大的传热系数hr可得出在218°F反应温度下估计聚合物产率增加12.8%;或在产率为38,270磅/小时时,估计反应温度下降6.6°F,假定生产密度为0.955克/毫升乙烯-己烯共聚物(己烯量少于1%(重量))在下述条件下进行:反应压力约为636磅/平方英寸,表压;反应物速度为27.3英尺/秒;水冷却剂速度为8.8英尺/秒;水冷却剂入口温度为158°F;和在异丁烷稀释剂中反应物含62%(体积)固体成分。
显然参考上述内容,可对本发明作出许多改进和变化。因此应该指出的是,除了象具体描述的以外,只要所作的改进和变化落在所附的权利要求书范围内就属于本发明。
Claims (35)
1、生产乙烯聚合物的设备,它包括
用于限定流通路径并通过它形成封闭环管的管道装置,其中至少所述的管道装置的一部分包含至少一根有其外表面、采用沿接缝联接两条边的卷曲板材制成的管子;
使冷却剂流体流过所述的至少一根管子的外表面进行热交换的冷却装置;
向所述的通路中引入至少一种单体(包括乙烯)的装置;
向所述的通路中引入聚合催化剂和稀释剂的装置;
使所述的至少一种单体、催化剂和稀释剂以混合态流过通路并绕着所述的封闭环管流动的装置、在流动过程中,乙烯聚合物就在所述的通路中生成;和
从所述的通路中取出聚合物的装置。
2、根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述的卷曲板材包括钢。
3、根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中钢的导热系数至少为约20英制热量单位/小时·°F·英尺和最小抗张强度至少为约50,000磅/平方英寸。
4、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述的钢的特征在于含碳量小于约0.5%(重量),含锰量小于约1.5%(重量),含硅量小于约1.0%(重量),含铬量小于约2.5%(重量),含镍量小于约1.0%(重量)。
5、根据权利要求4所述的设备,其中所述的钢从下面一组中选出:A516 Gr 70,A537 Cl 2,A202 Gr B,A285 Gr C,A514 Gr B,A515 Gr 70,A517 Gr A,A517 Gr B,A533 Ty A Cl 3,A542 Ty A Cl 2 and A678 Gr C.
6、根据权利要求4所述的设备,其中所述的钢的导热系数为约25至约30英制热量单位/小时·°F·英尺和最小抗张强度为约60,000至约90,000磅/平方英寸。
7、根据权利要求6所述的设备。其中所述的钢的特征在于含铬量小于约0.25%(重量)和含镍量小于约0.25%(重量)。
8、根据权利要求7所述的设备,其中所述的钢是A516 Gr 70。
9、根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述的卷曲板材的两条边是用焊接方法沿所述的接缝联接的。
10、根据权利要求9所述的设备,其中所述的接缝基本上纵向地沿着所述的至少一根管子延伸。
11、根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述的至少一根管子的外径为约10英寸至30英寸。
12、根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中所述的至少一根管子的卷曲板材的公称壁厚为约1/2英寸至约3/4英寸。
13、根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述的冷却装置包括:相对于所述的管道装置的至少一根管子来说基本上同轴放置并包围着它的至少一根管子以在其间形成基本上环形的空间;和使所述的冷却剂流体通过所述的环形空间绕着所述的管道装置的至少一根管子的外表面流动并与其接触的装置。
14、根据权利要求13所述的设备,其中所述的冷却装置的至少一根管子也是由卷曲板材制成的。
15、根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述的管道装置的至少一根管子是基本上垂直方向的。
16、根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述的管道装置的至少一根管子包括许多基本上垂直方向的管子。
17、根据权利要求16所述的设备,其中所述的管道装置还包括许多基本上水平方向的管子。
18、根据权利要求17所述的设备,其中所述的水平方向的管子是无缝结构。
19、生产乙烯聚合物的方法,它包括:
a、提供管道装置,该装置限定流通路径并通过它形成封闭环管。其中所述的管道装置的至少一部分包括至少一根由沿接缝联接两条边的卷曲板材制成的管子;
b、向所述的通路中引入至少一种单体(包括乙烯);
c、向所述的通路中引入聚合催化剂和稀释剂;
d、使所述的一种单体、所述的催化剂和所述的稀释剂以混合态流过所述的通路并绕着所述的封闭环管流动,就此在所述的通路中生产乙烯聚合物;
e、在步骤d中,使冷却剂流体流过所述的管道装置的至少一根管子的外表面进行热交换;和
f、从所述的通路中取出聚合物。
20、根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的至少一种单体主要由乙烯组成。
21、根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的至少一种单体包括乙烯和另一种其量少于约25%(重量)的烯烃。
22、根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中在步骤d中所述的至少一根管子的反应物的温度为约150°F至约250°F。
23、根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中在步骤d中,所述的至少一根管子的反应物的压力为约450磅/平方英寸,表压,至约800磅/平方英寸,表压。
24、根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中在步骤d中乙烯聚合物的产率为约30,000磅/小时至约50,000磅/小时。
25、根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的卷曲板材包括钢。
26、根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述的钢的导热系数至少为约20英制热量单位/小时·°F·英尺和最小抗张强度至少为约50,000磅/平方英寸。
27、根据权利要求26所述的方法,其中所述的钢的特征在于含碳量小于约0.5%(重量),含锰量小于约1.5%(重量),含硅量小于约1.0%(重量),含铬量小于约2.5%(重量),和含镍量小于约1.0%(重量)。
28、根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述的钢从下面一组中选出:A516 Gr 70,A537 Cl 2,A202 Gr B,A285 Gr C,A514 Gr B,A515 Gr 70,A517 Gr A,A517 Gr B,A533 Ty A Cl 3,A542 Ty A Cl 2和A678 Gr C。
29、根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述的钢的导热系数为约25至约30英制热量单位/小时·°F·英尺和最小抗张强度为约60,000至约90,000磅/平方英寸。
30、根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述的钢的特征在于含铬量小于约0.25%(重量),和含镍量小于约0.25%(重量)。
31、根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述的钢是A516 Gr 70。
32、根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述的至少一根管子的外径为约10英寸至约30英寸。
33、根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中所述的至少一根管子的卷曲板材的公称壁厚为约1/2英寸至约3/4英寸。
34、根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中还提供至少一根相对于所述的管道装置的至少一根管子基本上同轴放置并包围着它的管子以在其间形成基本上是环形的空间,其中在步骤e中,所述的冷却剂流体穿过所述的环形空间绕着所述的管道装置的至少一根管子的外表面流动并与其接触。
35、根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述的管道装置的至少一根管子基本上是垂直方向的以使其中的反应物基本上以垂直方向流动。
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EP4450538A1 (en) | 2023-04-21 | 2024-10-23 | Borealis AG | Blown film |
EP4450539A1 (en) | 2023-04-21 | 2024-10-23 | Borealis AG | Blown film |
Family Cites Families (6)
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US3257362A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1966-06-21 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Control of olefin polymerization reactions |
US3248179A (en) * | 1962-02-26 | 1966-04-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method and apparatus for the production of solid polymers of olefins |
US3374211A (en) * | 1964-07-27 | 1968-03-19 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Solids recovery from a flowing stream |
US4668473A (en) * | 1983-04-25 | 1987-05-26 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Control system for ethylene polymerization reactor |
US4601322A (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1986-07-22 | National Forge Company | Weld forming of pipe molds |
JPS6365081A (ja) * | 1986-09-05 | 1988-03-23 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 表面被覆方法 |
-
1990
- 1990-10-01 US US07/590,995 patent/US5565175A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-06-17 CA CA002044782A patent/CA2044782A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-16 CN CN91105719A patent/CN1054140C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-21 PH PH42976A patent/PH31050A/en unknown
- 1991-09-17 KR KR1019910016222A patent/KR0150467B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-18 BR BR919104000A patent/BR9104000A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-18 JP JP3238267A patent/JP2726179B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-20 MX MX9101193A patent/MX9101193A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-30 DE DE69107757T patent/DE69107757T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-30 FI FI914601A patent/FI101710B1/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-30 YU YU159591A patent/YU47815B/sh unknown
- 1991-09-30 AT AT91116642T patent/ATE119070T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-30 ES ES91116642T patent/ES2069162T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-30 DK DK91116642.9T patent/DK0479186T3/da active
- 1991-09-30 EP EP91116642A patent/EP0479186B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-30 NO NO913837A patent/NO178308C/no unknown
- 1991-10-01 HU HU913132A patent/HU210908B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-04-19 GR GR950401028T patent/GR3015891T3/el unknown
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1301788C (zh) * | 1998-05-18 | 2007-02-28 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 产生聚合物的方法 |
CN101952027A (zh) * | 2008-02-12 | 2011-01-19 | 英尼奥斯制造业比利时有限公司 | 聚合反应器 |
CN104640888A (zh) * | 2012-09-24 | 2015-05-20 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 制造高压聚乙烯聚合物和共聚物的装置与方法 |
CN106550596A (zh) * | 2014-06-24 | 2017-03-29 | 切弗朗菲利浦化学公司 | 聚合反应器中的热传递 |
CN106550596B (zh) * | 2014-06-24 | 2018-10-19 | 切弗朗菲利浦化学公司 | 聚合反应器中的热传递 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX9101193A (es) | 1992-06-05 |
EP0479186B1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
FI101710B (fi) | 1998-08-14 |
EP0479186A2 (en) | 1992-04-08 |
HU210908B (en) | 1995-09-28 |
ATE119070T1 (de) | 1995-03-15 |
NO913837L (no) | 1992-04-02 |
NO178308B (no) | 1995-11-20 |
US5565175A (en) | 1996-10-15 |
PH31050A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
CA2044782A1 (en) | 1992-04-02 |
HU913132D0 (en) | 1992-01-28 |
DK0479186T3 (da) | 1995-05-22 |
JP2726179B2 (ja) | 1998-03-11 |
GR3015891T3 (en) | 1995-07-31 |
NO178308C (no) | 1996-02-28 |
NO913837D0 (no) | 1991-09-30 |
HUT59620A (en) | 1992-06-29 |
EP0479186A3 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
ES2069162T3 (es) | 1995-05-01 |
FI101710B1 (fi) | 1998-08-14 |
FI914601A (fi) | 1992-04-02 |
YU47815B (sr) | 1996-01-09 |
YU159591A (sh) | 1994-05-10 |
DE69107757D1 (de) | 1995-04-06 |
KR0150467B1 (ko) | 1998-10-15 |
FI914601A0 (fi) | 1991-09-30 |
JPH04258606A (ja) | 1992-09-14 |
BR9104000A (pt) | 1992-05-26 |
CN1054140C (zh) | 2000-07-05 |
DE69107757T2 (de) | 1995-06-29 |
KR920008072A (ko) | 1992-05-27 |
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