CN105793246B - 取代的氧杂环庚三烯 - Google Patents
取代的氧杂环庚三烯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105793246B CN105793246B CN201480066602.5A CN201480066602A CN105793246B CN 105793246 B CN105793246 B CN 105793246B CN 201480066602 A CN201480066602 A CN 201480066602A CN 105793246 B CN105793246 B CN 105793246B
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[3-(1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilol-1-yl)propyl]azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si]1(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及材料,涉及包含所述材料的电致发光器件和涉及其用途。
Description
本发明涉及新型种类的有机化合物,涉及包含其的组合物和制剂,以及涉及其制备和涉及包含所述化合物的光电器件。
光电器件已经成为多年来深入研究的主题。在光电器件中,有机电致发光器件尤其已激起了行业和大学中的研究和开发的兴趣。这些包括例如有机发光二极管(OLED和PLED)和有机发光电化学电池(OLEC、LEC或LEEC)。
其中使用有机半导体作为功能材料的有机电致发光器件(例如OLED)的结构例如在US 4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461和WO98/27136中进行了描述。此处使用的发光材料以及荧光发光体越来越多地是显示磷光的有机金属络合物(M.A.Baldo等,Appl.Phys.Lett.(应用物理学快报)1999,75,4-6)。出于量子力学原因,使用有机金属化合物作为磷光发光体可实现高达四倍的能量效率和功率效率。概括地说,在显示单重态发光的OLED的情况下和在显示三重态发光的OLED的情况下,仍然需要改进,特别是在效率、工作电压和寿命方面需要改进。对于在较短波范围内发光、即发绿光和尤其发蓝光的OLED来说,尤其如此。
OLED的性能不仅仅是由所用的发光体所决定。此处也特别重要的尤其是所用的其它材料,例如基质材料、空穴阻挡材料、电子传输材料、空穴传输材料和电子或激子阻挡材料。这些材料的改进因此也可导致OLED特性的显著改进。
然而,在使用这些主体和基质材料的情况下,以及同样地使用其它基质材料的情况下,特别是在器件的效率和寿命方面,仍然需要改进。
即使一些基于小分子的OLED(SMOLED)显示出相当良好的效率、寿命和/或工作电压,但在减压下的热气相沉积法是必要的,这些被限制在特定的器件尺寸。然而,对于大规模生产和对于更大的显示器,希望从溶液中例如借助于旋涂或喷墨方法来施加有机材料,通过这些方法另外可以降低生产成本。通常,使用发光聚合物、低聚物和/或树枝状大分子从溶液中加工电致发光器件。这些化合物通常显示在有机芳族溶剂中的良好溶解性并具有良好的成膜特性。改进可加工性的另一种方式例如是将作为溶解性赋予基团的长烷基链并入分子中。令人遗憾的是,与类似的小分子相比,使用聚合物、低聚物和/或树枝状大分子或具有烷基链的分子从溶液中加工的器件通常在效率、寿命和工作电压方面具有较差的性能。
本发明的目的是提供适合用于荧光或磷光OLED中的化合物,所述化合物例如用作基质材料或用作空穴传输/电子阻挡材料或激子阻挡材料或用作电子传输或空穴阻挡材料,并且当所述化合物用于OLED中时产生良好的器件性能,以及提供相应的电子器件。
本发明的另一个目的是提供具有改进的溶解性并且因此在发光器件的制造中可以从溶液中加工的分子。本发明的再一个目的是提供特别好地适合于从气相制造发光器件的分子,即提供能够以特别有效的方式通过气相沉积施加的分子。
令人惊讶的是,已经发现,下文详细描述的特定化合物实现这些目的并且导致有机电子器件,特别是在有机电致发光器件中的良好性能,尤其是在寿命、效率、工作电压和可加工性方面导致良好的性能。因此本发明提供含有这样的化合物的电子器件、特别是有机电致发光器件,和相应的优选化合物。
本发明涉及通式(1)的化合物
其中B环是稠合到A环上的芳族或杂芳族环或环系,其中可稠合到所述A环上的其它环可独立地被一个或多个在每次出现时可相同或不同的R1基团取代,并且其中其它的符号和标记是:
V
是O、S或C(R4)2,优选地是O或S,非常优选地是O;
X
在每次出现时是相同或不同的,并且是N或CR1,优选地是CR1;
m
是0(单体)、1(二聚体)或2(三聚体);
n
是0或1,其中:
当m=0时,n=0,并且
当m=1时或当m=2时,n=1;
LK
在m=1的情况下是单键或双官能连接子(Linker),其中,在单键的情况下,两个B环经由单键连接;LK可被一个或多个R1基团取代,其中所述R1基团在每次出现时可以是相同或不同的;
当m=2时是三官能连接子,其中所述连接子可被一个或多个R1基团取代,其中所述R1基团在每次出现时可以是相同或不同的;
当n=0时是不存在的,并且因此存在单体;
R1
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且是H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,N(R2)2,CN,NO2,Si(R2)3,B(OR2)2,C(=O)R2,P(=O)(R2)2,S(=O)R2,S(=O)2R2,OSO2R2,具有1至40个碳原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,或具有2至40个碳原子的直链烯基或炔基基团,或具有3至40个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个R2基团取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可被R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、Ge(R2)2、Sn(R2)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR2、P(=O)(R2)、SO、SO2、NR2、O、S或CONR2代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或具有10至40个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R2基团取代的二芳基氨基基团、二杂芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团,或这些基团中的两种或更多种的组合,或可交联的Q基团;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R1基团一起可形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代,其中优选两个或更多个相邻的R1基团一起不形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系;
R2
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且是H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,N(R3)2,CN,NO2,Si(R3)3,B(OR3)2,C(=O)R3,P(=O)(R3)2,S(=O)R3,S(=O)2R3,OSO2R3,具有1至40个碳原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,或具有2至40个碳原子的直链烯基或炔基基团,或具有3至40个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个R3基团取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可被R3C=CR3、C≡C、Si(R3)2、Ge(R3)2、Sn(R3)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR3、P(=O)(R3)、SO、SO2、NR3、O、S或CONR3代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R3基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R3基团取代的芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或具有10至40个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R3基团取代的二芳基氨基基团、二杂芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团,或这些基团中的两种或更多种的组合;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R2基团一起可形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,其中优选两个或更多个相邻的R2基团一起不形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系;
R3
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且是H,D,F,或具有1至40个碳原子的脂族、芳族和/或杂芳族烃基基团,其中一个或多个氢原子还可被F代替;同时,两个或更多个R3取代基一起也可形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,其中优选两个或更多个相邻的R3基团一起不形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系;
R4
如对于R1所定义的,但两个R4基团不得形成闭环;
条件是,除了所述稠合的芳族或杂芳族B环之外,所述A环各自含有另外2个或另外3个其它的与式(1)的7元A环直接稠合的芳族或杂芳族环或环系,其中所述其它的与A环稠合的环或环系可被一个或多个R1基团取代,其中所述R1基团在每次出现时可以是相同或不同的,
并且条件是,当m=0时,所述R1基团中的至少一个不是H。
当m是0时,另外优选所述R1基团中的至少一个不是H,其中:
R1
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且是H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,N(R2)2,CN,NO2,Si(R2)3,B(OR2)2,C(=O)R2,P(=O)(R2)2,S(=O)R2,S(=O)2R2,OSO2R2,具有1至40个碳原子的直链烷基或硫代烷氧基基团,或具有2至40个碳原子的直链烯基或炔基基团,或具有3至40个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个R2基团取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可被R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、Ge(R2)2、Sn(R2)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR2、P(=O)(R2)、SO、SO2、NR2、O、S或CONR2代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或具有10至40个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R2基团取代的二芳基氨基基团、二杂芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团,或这些基团中的两种或更多种的组合,或可交联的Q基团;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R1基团一起可不形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代;
R2
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且是H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,N(R3)2,CN,NO2,Si(R3)3,B(OR3)2,C(=O)R3,P(=O)(R3)2,S(=O)R3,S(=O)2R3,OSO2R3,具有1至40个碳原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,或具有2至40个碳原子的直链烯基或炔基基团,或具有3至40个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个R3基团取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可被R3C=CR3、C≡C、Si(R3)2、Ge(R3)2、Sn(R3)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR3、P(=O)(R3)、SO、SO2、NR3、O、S或CONR3代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R3基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R3基团取代的芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或具有10至40个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R3基团取代的二芳基氨基基团、二杂芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团,或这些基团中的两种或更多种的组合;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R2基团一起可不形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系;
R3
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且是H,D,F,或具有1至40个碳原子的脂族、芳族和/或杂芳族烃基基团,其中一个或多个氢原子还可被F代替;同时,两个或更多个R3取代基一起也可不形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系。
优选所述其它的一个或多个与A环稠合的环本身是芳族环或杂芳族环,非常优选它们是芳族环。此处可行的情况是,所述其它的一个或多个环不仅与所述A环形成稠合环系,而且同时也与所述B环稠合。
如上所述,两个R4基团之间不存在闭环。由于所述R4基团另外如对于R1基团所定义的并且R1可被R2取代和进一步被R3取代,因此所述两个R4基团也可被R2取代和进一步被R3取代,其中所述R2基团之间或所述R3基团之间也不存在闭环。
优选m是0或1,非常优选m是0,即本发明的化合物呈单体形式。
优选所述B环是具有5至60个环原子的芳族或杂芳族环或环系,非常优选B是具有6至60个环原子的芳族环或芳族环系。
在一个优选的实施方式中,m=n=0(单体)。在另一个优选的实施方式中,m=n=1(二聚体)。在再一个优选的实施方式中,m=2并且n=1(三聚体)。在这方面最优选m=n=0。
本发明优选涉及通式(2)的化合物
其中适用上述定义和条件并且其中:
Y
当m不是0时,Y是sp2杂化的碳原子,或
当m=0时,Y是X;
其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(2)化合物的优选实施方式。
本发明非常优选地涉及通式(3)的化合物
其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(3)化合物的优选实施方式。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(4)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(4)化合物的优选实施方式。
如上文已经描述,X优选地是CR1,即在这方面非常优选的化合物是通式(5)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(5)化合物的优选实施方式。
此处另外优选式(5)中的所述R1基团中的至少一个或两个不是H。
在一个非常特别优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(5)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(6)化合物的优选实施方式。
如上文已经描述,X优选地是CR1,即在这方面非常优选的化合物是通式(7)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(7)化合物的优选实施方式。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(8)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(8)化合物的优选实施方式。
在又一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(9)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(9)化合物的优选实施方式。
在一个非常优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(10)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(10)化合物的优选实施方式。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(10a)的化合物
其中对于所述通式(10a)的化合物尤其优选的是相邻的R1基团进入闭环。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(10b)的化合物
优选的是所述式(10b)化合物中的R1基团都不是H。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(10c)的化合物
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(10d)的化合物
在另一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(11)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(11)化合物的优选实施方式。
在又一个优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(12)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(12)化合物的优选实施方式。
在一个非常优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(13)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(13)化合物的优选实施方式。
在一个非常特别优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(14)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(14)化合物的优选实施方式。
在另一个非常特别优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(15)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(15)化合物的优选实施方式。
在另一个非常特别优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(16)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(16)化合物的优选实施方式。
在另一个非常特别优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(17)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(17)化合物的优选实施方式。
在一个尤其优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(18)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(18)化合物的优选实施方式。
在另一个尤其优选的实施方式中,本发明涉及通式(19)的化合物,其中在其它地方指定的所用标记和符号的优选实施方式也构成所述式(19)化合物的优选实施方式。
本文中指定化合物中的LK是单键或双官能或三官能连接子。本领域技术人员在选择合适的连接子时不会有任何困难。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中,所述连接子LK是单键或双官能基团,即n=1并且m=1。如果LK是单键,则所述通式(1)的化合物中指定的两个B环彼此直接共价键合。
在本发明的上下文中的优选双官能连接子LK选自NR1,C(=O),P(=O),P(=O)R1,具有1至10个碳原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,或具有2至10个碳原子的直链烯基或炔基基团,或具有3至20个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个R1基团取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可被R1C=CR1、C≡C、Si(R1)2、Ge(R1)2、Sn(R1)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR1、P(=O)(R1)、SO、SO2、NR1、O、S或CONR1代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,或具有5至30个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R1基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至30个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R1基团取代的芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或杂芳氧基基团。
非常特别优选的双官能连接子LK选自NR1,C(=O),P(=O),P(=O)R1和具有5至30个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系中的每个可被一个或多个R1基团取代。
在作为双官能LK基团的芳族环和杂芳族环中,非常特别优选的是亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚三联苯基、亚萘基、亚蒽基、亚吡啶基、亚哒嗪基、亚嘧啶基、亚吡嗪基、亚三嗪基、亚芴基、亚茚并芴基、亚二苯并呋喃基、亚二苯并噻吩基、亚咔唑基、亚茚并咔唑基和亚吲哚并咔唑基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个独立的R1基团取代,其中所述亚苯基是非常特别优选的双官能连接子。尤其优选的是与所述亚苯基的间位或对位连接。
在本发明的上下文中的优选三官能连接子选自N,P(=O),具有3至20个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个R1基团取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可被R1C=CR1、C≡C、Si(R1)2、Ge(R1)2、Sn(R1)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR1、P(=O)(R1)、SO、SO2、NR1、O、S或CONR1代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,或具有5至30个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R1基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至30个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个独立的R1基团取代的芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或杂芳氧基基团。
非常优选的三官能连接子LK选自N,P(=O)和具有5至30个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系中的每个可被一个或多个独立的R1基团取代。
在作为双官能LK基团的芳族环和杂芳族环中,非常特别优选是亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚三联苯基、亚萘基、亚蒽基、亚吡啶基、亚哒嗪基、亚嘧啶基、亚吡嗪基、亚三嗪基、亚芴基、亚茚并芴基、亚二苯并呋喃基、亚二苯并噻吩基、亚咔唑基、亚茚并咔唑基和亚吲哚并咔唑基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个独立的R1基团取代,其中所述亚苯基和亚三嗪基是非常特别优选的三官能连接子。尤其优选的是与所述亚苯基的1,3,5连接。
在本发明的化合物中,指定的R1基团也可都是H。然而,在一个优选的实施方式中,所述R1基团中的至少一个不是H。
优选所述R1基团在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且选自H,D,N(R2)2,CN,B(OR2)2,C(=O)R2,P(=O)(R2)2,S(=O)R2,S(=O)2R2,OSO2R2,具有1至40个碳原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,或具有3至40个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个R2基团取代,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳氧基、芳基烷氧基或杂芳氧基基团,或具有10至40个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R2基团取代的二芳基氨基基团、二杂芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团,或这些基团中的两种或更多种的组合;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R1基团一起可形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代。
非常优选所述R1基团在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且选自H,D,N(R2)2,具有1至40个碳原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,或具有3至40个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基、烷基烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个R2基团取代,或具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有10至40个芳族环原子并且可被一个或多个R2基团取代的二芳基氨基基团、二杂芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团,或这些基团中的两种或更多种的组合;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R1基团一起可形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代。
特别优选所述R1基团在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且选自H,D,具有1至40个碳原子的直链烷基基团,具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R1基团一起可形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代。
非常特别优选所述R1基团在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且选自H,具有1至40个碳原子的直链烷基基团,具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R1基团一起可形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代。
尤其优选所述R1基团在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且选自H,具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系;同时,两个或更多个相邻的R1基团一起可形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代。
以下概述示出一些特别优选的R1基团,其中所示的基团还可被一个或多个在每次出现时可相同或不同的R2基团取代:
其中键线指示所述R1基团的连接位置。
特别优选的基团是式(R1-211)、(R1-219)、(R1-227)的那些。
本发明的通式(1)化合物可在有机电子器件中呈现不同功能。所述化合物可例如用于发光层中作为荧光发光体或作为基质材料。此外,本发明的化合物可用作空穴阻挡层(HBL)中的空穴阻挡材料(HBM)或在电子传输层(ETL)中用作电子传输材料(ETM)。此外,所述通式(1)化合物可用作空穴注入材料(HIM),用作空穴传输材料(HTM)或用作电子阻挡材料(EBM)。本发明的通式(1)化合物的另一种典型用途是用于荧光和更优选磷光发光层的混合基质体系中。
所述通式(1)化合物可在此作为纯材料使用或与其它材料组合使用。
基于本领域技术人员在本技术领域中的技术常识,他将意识到,取决于本发明的通式(1)化合物的用途,必须对R1至R3基团进行选择以使得所述化合物的光电特性与特定应用匹配。
如果所述通式的化合物被用作例如ETM中的电子传输化合物,或用作发光层中的电子传输基质,则R1至R3基团中的至少一个含有电子传输基团ETG。
ETG是来自缺电子杂芳族基团的有机电子传输基团(ETG),所述ETG优选地是具有5至60个芳族环原子的杂芳基基团,其中N是非常优选的杂原子,非常特别优选的ETG选自三嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、吡唑、哒嗪、喹啉、异喹啉、噻唑、苯并噻唑、唑、苯并唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑和吡啶。
优选的ETG是具有6个芳族环原子的杂芳族基团,其中至少一个、优选地2个、非常优选地至少三个是氮原子,或具有5个芳族环原子的杂芳族基团,其中至少2个是杂原子,优选地其中至少一个是氮原子,其中其它的芳基或杂芳基基团也可稠合到这些基团中的每个上。
缺电子杂芳族基团的优选实例是:吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,3,5-三嗪、喹啉、异喹啉、喹喔啉、吡唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、噻唑、苯并噻唑、唑或苯并唑,所述基团中的每个可被R1取代。甚至更优选地,所述电子传输基团是被一个或多个R1基团取代的吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪和1,3,5-三嗪。
如果所述通式(1)化合物被用作电子传输化合物,例如作为基质,或用于ETL中,则另外优选所述式(1)化合物的LUMO(最低未占分子轨道)能量小于-1.3eV,非常优选地小于-2.5eV,最优选地小于-2.7eV。
如果所述通式(1)化合物被用作电子传输化合物,例如作为基质,或用于ETL中,则另外优选电子迁移率μ-是10-6cm2/(Vs)或更大,非常优选地是10-5cm2/(Vs)或更大,最优选地是10-4cm2/(Vs)或更大。
如果所述通式化合物被用作例如HTM中的空穴传输化合物,或用作发光层中的空穴传输基质,则R1至R3基团中的至少一个含有空穴传输基团HTG。
HTG是来自富电子有机基团的有机空穴传输基团,所述HTG优选选自芳基胺、三芳基胺、桥连胺,优选的桥连胺是二氢吖啶、二氢吩嗪、吩嗪和吩噻嗪、咔唑、桥连咔唑、联咔唑、茚并咔唑和吲哚并咔唑。
如果所述通式(1)化合物是空穴传输化合物,则所述化合物优选具有在所用阳极的电子逸出功(φ阳极)加上+1.5eV或更低的范围内的HOMO能量(HOMOL),意味着:
HOMOL≤(φ阳极+1.5eV)
当所用的阳极具有-5eV的电子逸出功时,HOMOL是-3.5eV或更低(即比-3.5eV更负)。非常优选HOMOL能量等于或小于所述阳极的电子逸出功,最优选地小于所述阳极的电子逸出功。
如果所述通式(1)化合物是空穴传输化合物,则所述化合物的空穴迁移率μ+为10- 6cm2/(Vs)或更大,非常优选地10-5cm2/(Vs)或更大,最优选地10-4cm2/(Vs)或更大。
通过量子化学计算确定所述材料的分子轨道、尤其还是最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占分子轨道(LUMO),其能级以及最低三重态T1的能量和最低激发单重态S1的能量。为了计算没有金属的有机物质,首先利用“基态/半经验/默认自旋/AM1/电荷0/自旋单重态”方法进行几何结构的优化。然后,基于优化的几何结构进行能量计算。这使用“TD-SFC/DFT/默认自旋/B3PW91”方法(电荷0,自旋单重态)和“6-31G(d)”基组来进行。对于含金属化合物,通过“基态/Hartree-Fock/默认自旋/LanL2MB/电荷0/自旋单重态”方法来优化几何结构。类似于上述用于有机物质的方法进行能量计算,不同之处在于对于金属原子使用“LanL2DZ”基组,而对于配体使用“6-31G(d)”基组。由能量计算获得以哈特里单位计量的HOMO能级HEh或LUMO能级LEh。这用于如下确定通过循环伏安法测定校准的以电子伏特计的HOMO和LUMO能级:
HOMO(eV)=((HEh*27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
LUMO(eV)=((LEh*27.212)-2.0041)/1.385
这些值被视为在本申请上下文中的材料的HOMO和LUMO能级。
最低三重态T1定义为具有由所述量子化学计算可知的最低能量的三重态能量。
最低激发单重态S1定义为具有由所述量子化学计算可知的最低能量的激发单重态能量。
本文所述的方法与所用的软件包无关并且总是给出相同的结果。出于这个目的经常使用的程序的实例是“Gaussian09W”(高斯公司)和Q-Chem 4.1(Q-Chem公司)。
在本发明上下文中的“可交联的基团”是指能够不可逆地反应的官能团。这形成不溶性交联材料。通常可以借助于热或借助于UV辐射、微波辐射、x射线或电子束来促进交联。由于本发明聚合物的高稳定性,在交联中存在较少的副产物形成。此外,本发明聚合物中的可交联基团非常容易交联,因此交联需要少量的能量(例如在热交联的情况下<200℃)。
可交联的Q基团的实例是含有双键、三键、能够原位形成双键或三键的前体、或杂环的可加成聚合基团的单元。优选的Q基团包括乙烯基,烯基,优选地乙烯基和丙烯基,C4-20环烯基,叠氮化物,环氧乙烷,氧杂环丁烷,二(烃基)氨基,氰酸酯,羟基,缩水甘油醚,丙烯酸C1-10烷基酯,甲基丙烯酸C1-10烷基酯,烯氧基,优选地乙烯氧基,全氟烯氧基,优选地全氟乙烯氧基,炔基,优选地乙炔基,马来酰亚胺,三(C1-4)烷基甲硅烷氧基和三(C1-4)烷基甲硅烷基。特别优选的是乙烯基和烯基。
在本发明上下文中的芳基基团含有6至40个碳原子;在本发明上下文中的杂芳基基团含有1至39个碳原子和至少一个杂原子,条件是碳原子和杂原子的总和至少为5。所述杂原子优选选自N、O和/或S。此处的芳基基团或杂芳基基团应理解为是指简单的芳族环,即苯,或简单的杂芳族环,例如吡啶、嘧啶、噻吩等,或稠合(缩合)的芳基或杂芳基基团,例如萘、蒽、菲、喹啉、异喹啉等。相比之下,通过单键彼此连接的芳族体系,例如联苯,不称为芳基或杂芳基基团,而是称为芳族环系。
在本发明上下文中的芳族环系在环系中含有6至60个碳原子。在本发明上下文中的杂芳族环系在环系中含有1至59个碳原子和至少一个杂原子,条件是碳原子和杂原子的总和至少为5。所述杂原子优选选自N、O和/或S。在本发明上下文中的芳族或杂芳族环系应理解为是指不必仅含有芳基或杂芳基基团的体系,而是其中两个或更多个芳基或杂芳基基团还可以通过非芳族单元例如碳、氮或氧原子连接。例如,诸如芴、9,9'-螺二芴、9,9-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、茋等的体系也应视为在本发明上下文中的芳族环系,同样地其中两个或更多个芳基基团被例如短的烷基基团间断的体系也视为在本发明上下文中的芳族环系。此外,其中两个或更多个芳基和/或杂芳基基团通过单键彼此连接的体系,例如联苯、三联苯或联吡啶,应视为芳族或杂芳族环系。
在本发明的上下文中,通常可含有1至40个或者1至20个碳原子并且其中单独的氢原子或CH2基团还可被上述基团代替的脂族烃基基团或者烷基基团或者烯基或炔基基团优选地应理解为是指甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、环戊基、正己基、环己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、庚炔基或辛炔基基团。具有1至40个碳原子的烷氧基基团优选地应理解为是指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、仲戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、环己氧基、正庚氧基、环庚氧基、正辛氧基、环辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基和2,2,2-三氟乙氧基。具有1至40个碳原子的硫代烷基基团应理解为尤其是指甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基、叔丁硫基、正戊硫基、仲戊硫基、正己硫基、环己硫基、正庚硫基、环庚硫基、正辛硫基、环辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、环戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、环己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、环庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、环辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。一般来说,根据本发明的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团可为直链、支链或环状的,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可被R1C=CR1、C≡C、Si(R1)2、Ge(R1)2、Sn(R1)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR1、P(=O)(R1)、SO、SO2、NR1、O、S或CONR1代替;此外,一个或多个氢原子还可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2,优选地F、Cl或CN,进一步优选地F或CN,尤其优选地CN代替。
具有5-60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下还可被上述R1基团或烃基基团取代并且可通过任何希望的位置连接至芳族或杂芳族体系的所述芳族或杂芳族环系应尤其理解为是指衍生自如下物质的基团:苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、芘、苝、荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、苯并菲、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式茚并咔唑、顺式或反式吲哚并咔唑、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑、蒽并唑、菲并唑、异唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、六氮杂苯并菲、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1,5-二氮杂蒽、2,7-二氮杂芘、2,3-二氮杂芘、1,6-二氮杂芘、1,8-二氮杂芘、4,5-二氮杂芘、4,5,9,10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪和苯并噻二唑。
在本说明书的上下文中,两个或更多个基团一起可形成环的措词应理解为特别是指所述两个基团通过化学键彼此连接。这由以下方案示出:
然而,此外,上述措词还应理解为是指,如果两个基团之一是氢,则第二基团结合至所述氢原子所键合的位置,从而成环。这将由以下方案示出:
本发明的化合物可根据以下方案1至7来制备,其中前三个方案涉及二萘并氧杂环庚三烯的制备,方案4至6涉及三苯并氧杂环庚三烯的制备。在技术常识的范围内,本领域技术人员在将本文中说明的合成路线成功地应用于其它衍生物的合成中而不会有任何困难。
可以通过NBS溴化制备相应的单溴化物和二溴化物。这些单溴化物和二溴化物通过Suzuki偶联与适当芳基硼酸的反应或通过Buchwald偶联或Ullmann偶联与适当芳基卤化物的反应产生所需的目标化合物。
溴化物也可用于制备相应的硼酸,所述硼酸又可通过Suzuki偶联进一步转化。
方案1
在另一个步骤中,又可将由此获得的化合物用NBS选择性溴化并通过Suzuki或Buchwald偶联或Ullmann偶联转化成另外的所需目标化合物(方案2和3)。
方案2
方案3
可通过以下通用方案来制备本发明的三苯并[a,c,e]-氧杂环庚三烯。
方案4
方案5
通过用正丁基锂进行邻位金属化并通过用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺进行溴化来实现用于进一步取代的官能化。
方案6
可如下进行三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯的进一步衍生化。
其中Ar是按照R1的定义的芳族或杂芳族基团。
相应的二溴化物或二硼酸的制备由以下方案示出。
方案7
以下概述含有可通过本文中所述的方法之一制备的本发明化合物的例示。
本发明还提供所述式(1)化合物在有机电子器件中、优选地在电荷传输层中和/或在发光层中的用途。
因此,本发明还涉及包含至少一种所述通式(1)化合物的有机电子器件。
本发明的电子器件优选选自有机集成电路(OIC)、有机场效应晶体管(OFET)、有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)、有机太阳能电池(OSC)、有机光检测器、有机感光器、有机场猝熄器件(OFQD)、有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件是非常优选的。
所述有机电致发光器件尤其包括以下,其在本文中是优选的:有机发光晶体管(OLET)、有机发光电化学电池(OLEC、LEC或LEEC)、有机激光二极管(O-laser)、聚合物发光二极管(PLED)和有机发光二极管(OLED),所述OLEC、PLED和OLED在本发明的上下文中是非常优选的,所述PLED和OLED是特别优选的,所述OLED是非常特别优选的。
包含所述式(1)化合物的有机层优选地是具有电荷传输功能的层。其更优选地是电子注入层、电子传输层、空穴阻挡层和空穴传输层或发光层。
所述式(1)化合物可以用作发光层中的发光体。因此,本发明涉及有机电子器件,优选地有机电致发光器件,其在发光层中包含至少一种通式(1)化合物作为荧光发光体。所述发光层可包含另外的材料。这些通常是基质或主体材料或主体材料的混合物。
当所述通式(1)化合物被用作有机电致发光器件的发光层中、特别是荧光层中的发光体时,其在整个层中的比例优选介于0.1体积%与50体积%之间,非常优选介于0.5体积%与20体积%之间,特别优选介于1.0体积%与10体积%之间。相应地,基质或主体的比例优选介于50体积%与99.9体积%之间,非常优选介于80体积%与99.5体积%之间,特别优选介于90体积%与99体积%之间。
此外,本发明还涉及如下的有机电致发光器件,其包含至少一种式(1)化合物作为发光层中的基质,和至少一种也称为荧光掺杂剂的荧光发光体。
当所述通式(1)化合物被用作有机电致发光器件的发光层中、特别是荧光层中的基质或主体时,其在整个层中的比例优选介于50体积%与99.9体积%之间,非常优选介于80体积%与99.5体积%之间,特别优选介于90体积%与99体积%之间。相应地,发光体(掺杂剂)的比例优选介于0.01体积%与50体积%之间,非常优选介于0.1体积%与20体积%之间,特别优选介于0.5体积%与15体积%之间,常特别优选介于1体积%与10体积%之间。
此外,本发明还涉及如下的电子器件,特别是有机电致发光器件,其在电子传输层(ETL)中包含至少一种式(1)化合物。
所述ETL可包含另外的材料。此处的特定选项包括另外的ETM和n型掺杂剂。n型掺杂剂在本文中理解为是指还原剂,即电子供体。n型掺杂剂的优选实例是W(hpp)4和根据WO2005/086251 A2的其它富电子金属络合物,P=N化合物(例如WO 2012/175535 A1、WO2012/175219 A1),萘碳化二亚胺(例如WO 2012/168358 A1),芴(例如WO 2012/031735 A1),自由基和双自由基(例如EP 1837926 A1、WO2007/107306 A1),吡啶(例如EP 2452946 A1、EP2463927 A1),N-杂环化合物(例如WO 2009/000237 A1),以及吖啶和吩嗪(例如US2007/145355 A1)。
因此,本发明还涉及如下的电子器件,特别是有机电致发光器件,其在电子传输层(ETL)中包含至少一种式(1)化合物,和至少一种另外的优选选自电子传输材料和n型掺杂剂中的化合物。
此外,本发明还涉及如下的电子器件,特别是有机电致发光器件,其在空穴传输层(HTL)中包含至少一种式(1)化合物。
所述HTL可包含另外的材料。此处的特定选项包括另外的HTM和p型掺杂剂。
p型掺杂剂在本文中理解为是指氧化剂,即电子受体。p型掺杂剂的优选实例是F4-TCNQ,F6-TNAP,NDP-2(来自Novaled(诺瓦莱德)),NDP-9(来自Novaled),醌(例如EP1538684 A1、WO 2006/081780 A1、WO 2009/003455 A1、WO 2010/097433 A1)、轴烯(例如EP1988587 A1、US 2010/102709 A1、EP 2180029 A1、WO 2011/131185 A1、WO2011134458 A1、US 2012/223296 A1)、含S过渡金属络合物(例如WO2007/134873 A1、WO 2008/061517 A2、WO 2008/061518 A2、DE102008051737 A1、WO 2009/089821 A1、US 2010/096600 A1)、双咪唑(例如WO 2008/138580 A1)、酞菁(例如WO 2008/058525 A2)、硼杂四氮杂戊搭烯(例如WO2007/115540 A1)、富勒烯(例如DE 102010046040A1)和主族卤化物(例如WO 2008/128519A2)。
根据本申请的空穴传输层是在阳极与发光层之间具有空穴传输功能的层。
根据本申请的电子传输层是在阴极与发光层之间具有电子传输功能的层。
在本申请的上下文中,空穴注入层和电子阻挡层被理解为是空穴传输层的具体实施方式。在阳极与发光层之间有多个空穴传输层的情况下,空穴注入层是与阳极直接邻接或者仅通过阳极的单一涂层与其隔开的空穴传输层。在阳极与发光层之间有多个空穴传输层的情况下,电子阻挡层是在阳极侧上与发光层直接邻接的空穴传输层。
如上文已经提及的,在一个优选实施方式中,所述式(1)化合物在有机电子器件、特别是在有机电致发光器件、例如在OLED、PLED或OLEC的发光层中用作基质材料。在这种情况下,所述式(1)的基质材料与一种或多种荧光或磷光掺杂剂组合存在于电子器件中。
特别优选所述式(1)化合物是空穴传输基质并且与另一种基质材料组合用作发光层中磷光发光体的混合基质。所述式(1)的空穴传输化合物具有特别有利于所述目的的高T1能级。
术语“磷光掺杂剂”通常涵盖经由自旋禁阻跃迁例如从激发三重态或具有更高自旋量子数的状态例如五重态跃迁而实现发光的化合物。
合适的磷光掺杂剂特别是如下的化合物,其在适当激发时发光,优选在可见区发光,并且另外含有至少一种原子序数大于20、优选大于38且小于84、更优选大于56且小于80的原子。优选使用含有铜、钼、钨、铼、钌、锇、铑、铱、钯、铂、银、金或铕的化合物,特别是含有铱、铂或铜的化合物,作为磷光掺杂剂。
在本申请的上下文中,所有发光的铱、铂或铜络合物都被视为磷光化合物。在以下部分中提出磷光掺杂剂的实例。
包含基质材料和掺杂剂的体系中的掺杂剂被理解为是指在混合物中具有较小比例的组分。相应地,包含基质材料和掺杂剂的体系中的基质材料被理解为是指在混合物中具有较大比例的组分。
此外,本发明还涉及如下的有机电致发光器件,其包含至少一种式(1)化合物作为发光层中的基质,和至少一种另外的基质或主体材料。
此外,本发明还涉及如下的有机电致发光器件,其包含至少一种式(1)化合物作为发光层中的基质,以及至少一种荧光发光体和至少一种另外的基质或主体材料。
如前所述,有机电致发光器件的发光层还可包含包括多种基质材料(混合基质体系)和/或多种掺杂剂的体系。同样在这种情况下,所述掺杂剂通常是在所述体系中具有较小比例的那些材料,并且所述基质材料是在所述体系中具有较大比例的那些材料。然而,在个别情况下,所述体系中的单种基质材料的比例可小于单种掺杂剂的比例。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方式中,所述式(1)化合物被用作混合基质体系的组分。所述混合基质体系优选包含两种或三种不同的基质材料,更优选地两种不同的基质材料。优选地,在这种情况下,两种材料之一是具有空穴传输特性的材料并且另一种材料是具有电子传输特性的材料。然而,混合基质组分的期望的电子传输和空穴传输特性也可主要或完全地组合在单种混合基质组分中,在这种情况下,另外的一种或多种混合基质组分满足其它功能。所述两种不同的基质材料可以1:50至1:1、优选地1:20至1:1、更优选地1:10至1:1、最优选地1:4至1:1的比率存在。优选在磷光有机电致发光器件中使用混合基质体系。关于混合基质体系的更详细信息的一个来源是申请WO2010/108579。
根据在混合基质体系中使用哪种类型的掺杂剂,可以与本发明化合物组合用作混合基质体系的基质组分的特别合适的基质材料选自下文关于磷光掺杂剂指定的优选基质材料,或用于荧光掺杂剂的优选基质材料。
本发明此外涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物和至少一种另外的有机半导体材料的组合物,所述另外的有机半导体材料选自荧光发光体、磷光发光体、主体材料、基质材料、电子传输材料、电子注入材料、空穴导体材料、空穴注入材料、电子阻挡材料和空穴阻挡材料、n型掺杂剂和p型掺杂剂。
如上文已定义的,n型掺杂剂在此理解为是指还原剂。优选的n型掺杂剂是更上面列出的化合物。
如上文已定义的,p型掺杂剂在此理解为是指氧化剂。优选的p型掺杂剂是更上面列出的化合物。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物和至少一种另外的基质材料的组合物。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物和至少一种宽带隙材料的组合物,宽带隙材料应理解为是指在US 7,294,849的公开内容意义上的材料。这些体系在电致发光器件中展现特别有利的性能数据。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物和至少一种另外的基质材料,以及至少一种磷光发光体的组合物。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物和至少一种宽带隙材料,以及至少一种磷光发光体的组合物。
用于混合基质体系中的优选磷光掺杂剂是下文指定的优选磷光掺杂剂。
磷光掺杂剂的实例可在申请WO 2000/70655、WO 2001/41512、WO 2002/02714、WO2002/15645、EP 1191613、EP 1191612、EP1191614、WO 2005/033244、WO 2005/019373和US2005/0258742中找见。一般来说,如用于根据现有技术的磷光OLED和如在有机电致发光器件领域中为本领域技术人员所知的所有磷光络合物都适合用于本发明器件中。
下表中提出磷光掺杂剂的明确实例:
优选的荧光掺杂剂选自芳基胺类。在本发明上下文中的芳基胺或芳族胺被理解为是指含有三个直接与氮键合的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系的化合物。这些芳族或杂芳族环系中的至少一个优选是稠合环系,更优选具有至少14个芳族环原子的稠合环系。其优选实例是芳族蒽胺、芳族蒽二胺、芳族芘胺、芳族芘二胺、芳族胺或芳族二胺。芳族蒽胺被理解为是指其中一个二芳基氨基基团与蒽基团优选在9位直接键合的化合物。芳族蒽二胺被理解为是指其中两个二芳基氨基基团与蒽基团优选在9,10位直接键合的化合物。类似地定义芳族的芘胺、芘二胺、胺和二胺,其中所述二芳基氨基基团优选与芘在1位或1,6位键合。其它优选的掺杂剂是茚并芴胺或茚并芴二胺,例如根据WO 2006/108497或WO2006/122630的,苯并茚并芴胺或苯并茚并芴二胺,例如根据WO 2008/006449的,和二苯并茚并芴胺或二苯并茚并芴二胺,例如根据WO 2007/140847的,和在WO 2010/012328中公开的具有稠合芳基基团的茚并芴衍生物。
除了所述式(1)化合物之外,优选用于荧光掺杂剂的有用的基质材料是来自多种物质类别的材料。优选的基质材料选自如下的类别:低聚亚芳基(例如根据EP 676461的2,2‘,7,7‘-四苯基螺二芴,或二萘基蒽),特别是含有稠合芳族基团的低聚亚芳基,低聚亚芳基亚乙烯基(例如根据EP 676461的DPVBi或螺-DPVBi),多足金属络合物(例如根据WO2004/081017),空穴传导化合物(例如根据WO 2004/058911),电子传导化合物,特别是酮、氧化膦、亚砜等(例如根据WO 2005/084081和WO2005/084082),阻转异构体(例如根据WO 2006/048268),硼酸衍生物(例如根据WO 2006/117052)或苯并蒽(例如根据WO 2008/145239)。特别优选的基质材料选自如下的类别:包含萘、蒽、苯并蒽和/或芘或这些化合物的阻转异构体的低聚亚芳基,低聚亚芳基亚乙烯基,酮,氧化膦和亚砜。非常特别优选的基质材料选自如下的类别:包含蒽、苯并蒽、苯并菲和/或芘或这些化合物的阻转异构体的低聚亚芳基。在本发明上下文中的低聚亚芳基应理解为是指其中至少三个芳基或亚芳基基团彼此键合的化合物。
除了所述式(1)化合物之外,磷光掺杂剂的优选基质材料是芳族胺,特别是三芳基胺,例如根据US 2005/0069729的,咔唑衍生物(例如CBP,N,N-双咔唑基联苯)或根据WO2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO 2008/086851的化合物,桥接咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO 2011/088877和WO 2011/128017的,茚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/136109和WO 2011/000455的,氮杂咔唑衍生物,例如根据EP 1617710、EP1617711、EP 1731584、JP 2005/347160的,吲哚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746的,酮,例如根据WO 2004/093207或WO 2010/006680的,氧化膦、亚砜和砜,例如根据WO 2005/003253的,低聚亚苯基,双极性基质材料,例如根据WO 2007/137725的,硅烷,例如根据WO 2005/111172的,氮杂硼杂环戊二烯或硼酸酯,例如根据WO 2006/117052的,三嗪衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754或WO2008/056746的,锌络合物,例如根据EP 652273或WO 2009/062578的,铝络合物,例如BAlq,二氮杂硅杂环戊二烯衍生物和四氮杂硅杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/054729的,二氮磷杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/054730的,和铝络合物,例如BAlQ。
除了阴极、阳极和包含所述式(1)化合物的层之外,所述电子器件还可包含另外的层。例如,这些层在每种情况下选自一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层、电子阻挡层、激子阻挡层、中间层、电荷产生层(IDMC 2003,台湾;Session 21OLED(5),T.Matsumoto,T.Nakada,J.Endo,K.Mori,N.Kawamura,A.Yokoi,J.Kido,Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer(具有电荷产生层的多光子有机EL器件))和/或有机或无机p/n结。然而,应当指出,这些层中的每个并非必须存在。
所述有机电致发光器件中的层的顺序优选为如下:阳极/空穴注入层/空穴传输层/发光层/电子传输层/电子注入层/阴极。
同时,应当再次指出,并非所有所提及的层都必须存在,和/或此外可存在另外的层。
本发明的有机电致发光器件可含有两个或更多个发光层。更优选地,这些发光层在这种情况中总共具有多个在380nm和750nm之间的发光峰值,使得总体结果是白色发光;换句话说,将可发荧光或发磷光并且发蓝色或黄色或橙色或红色光的多种发光化合物用于所述发光层中。特别优选三层体系,即具有三个发光层的体系,其中所述三个层显示蓝色、绿色和橙色或红色发光(对于基本结构,参见例如WO2005/011013)。应注意到,为产生白色光,代替多种有色发光的发光体化合物,单独使用的在宽波长范围内发光的发光体化合物也可以是合适的。
可用于本发明的有机电致发光器件的空穴注入或空穴传输层或电子阻挡层中或电子传输层中的合适的电荷传输材料例如是在Y.Shirota等,Chem.Rev.(化学评论)2007,107(4),953-1010中公开的化合物,或者如根据现有技术用于这些层中的其它材料。
用于电子传输层的材料可以是根据现有技术用作电子传输层中的电子传输材料的任何材料。特别合适的是铝络合物例如Alq3,锆络合物例如Zrq4,苯并咪唑衍生物,三嗪衍生物,嘧啶衍生物,吡啶衍生物,吡嗪衍生物,喹喔啉衍生物,喹啉衍生物,二唑衍生物,芳族酮,内酰胺,硼烷,二氮磷杂环戊二烯衍生物和氧化膦衍生物。此外合适的材料是上述化合物的衍生物,如JP 2000/053957、WO 2003/060956、WO 2004/028217、WO 2004/080975和WO 2010/072300中所公开的。
作为空穴传输材料,特别优选可用于空穴传输、空穴注入或电子阻挡层中的材料,即茚并芴胺衍生物(例如根据WO 2006/122630或WO2006/100896)、EP 1661888中公开的胺衍生物、六氮杂苯并菲衍生物(例如根据WO 01/049806)、含有稠合芳族体系的胺衍生物(例如根据US5,061,569)、WO 95/09147中公开的胺衍生物、单苯并茚并芴胺(例如根据WO 08/006449)、二苯并茚并芴胺(例如根据WO 2007/140847)、螺二芴胺(例如根据WO 2012/034627或尚未公开的EP 12000929.5)、芴胺(例如根据尚未公布的申请EP 12005369.9、EP12005370.7和EP12005371.5)、螺二苯并吡喃胺(例如根据尚未公开的申请EP 11009127.9)和二氢吖啶衍生物(例如根据尚未公开的EP 11007067.9)。
所述电子器件的优选阴极是具有低逸出功的金属、金属合金或多层结构,其由不同金属例如碱土金属、碱金属、主族金属或镧系元素(例如Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm等)组成。另外合适的是由碱金属或碱土金属和银组成的合金,例如由镁和银组成的合金。在多层结构情况下,除所述金属之外,也可使用具有相对高逸出功的其它金属例如Ag或Al,在这种情况下,通常使用金属的组合,例如Ca/Ag、Mg/Ag或Ba/Ag。也可以优选在金属阴极和有机半导体之间引入具有高介电常数的材料的薄中间层。可用于这个目的的材料的实例是碱金属氟化物或碱土金属氟化物,以及相应的氧化物或碳酸盐(例如LiF、Li2O、BaF2、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs2CO3等)。也可以将羟基喹啉锂(LiQ)用于这个目的。这个层的层厚度优选为介于0.5和5nm之间。
优选的阳极是具有高逸出功的材料。优选地,所述阳极具有相对于真空大于4.5eV的逸出功。首先,具有高氧化还原电势的金属,例如Ag、Pt或Au适于这个目的。其次,也可以优选金属/金属氧化物电极(例如Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)。对于一些应用,电极中的至少一个必须是透明的或部分透明的,以实现有机材料的辐射(有机太阳能电池)或发光(OLED、O-LASER)。此处优选的阳极材料是导电性混合金属氧化物。特别优选氧化铟锡(ITO)或氧化铟锌(IZO)。此外优选导电性掺杂有机材料,特别是导电性掺杂聚合物。此外,所述阳极也可由两个或更多个层构成,例如ITO的内层和金属氧化物、优选氧化钨、氧化钼或氧化钒的外层构成。
在制造过程中,所述电子器件被适当地(根据应用)结构化,接触连接并且最后被密封,因为本发明器件的寿命在水和/或空气存在下缩短。
在一个优选的实施方式中,本发明的电子器件的特征在于,借助于升华方法涂布一个或多个层。在这种情况下,在真空升华系统中,在小于10-5毫巴、优选小于10-6毫巴的初始压力下通过气相沉积施加所述材料。然而,在这种情况下,所述初始压力在此也可甚至更低,例如小于10-7毫巴。
同样优选的是如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于通过OVPD(有机气相沉积)方法或借助于载气升华来涂布一个或多个层。在这种情况下,在10-5毫巴至1巴的压力下施加所述材料。这种方法的特别例子是OVJP(有机蒸气喷印)方法,其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加并且因此是结构化的(例如M.S.Arnold等,Appl.Phys.Lett.(应用物理学快报)2008,92,053301)。
此外优选的是如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于从溶液中,例如通过旋涂,或借助于任何印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、喷嘴印刷或平版印刷,但是更优选LITI(光引发热成像,热转印)或喷墨印刷,来产生一个或多个层。对于这种目的,需要可溶性的式(1)化合物。可通过所述化合物的合适取代实现高的溶解性。本发明化合物另外可从溶液中施加,并且通过后续的在聚合物网络中的交联或固定而固定在相应的层中。
此外优选的是,通过从溶液中施加一个或多个层和通过升华方法施加一个或多个层来制造本发明的有机电致发光器件。
因此,本发明还提供用于制造本发明的电子器件的方法,其特征在于通过气相沉积或从溶液中施加至少一个有机层。
根据本发明,包含一种或多种式(1)化合物的电子器件可以用于显示器中,用作照明应用中的光源和用作医疗和/或美容应用(例如光疗法)中的光源。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物或至少一种上述组合物和至少一种溶剂的制剂。
合适且优选的溶剂例如是甲苯,苯甲醚,邻二甲苯、间二甲苯或对二甲苯,苯甲酸甲酯,均三甲苯,萘满,邻二甲氧基苯,THF,甲基-THF,THP,氯苯,二烷,苯氧基甲苯,特别是3-苯氧基甲苯,(-)-葑酮,1,2,3,5-四甲基苯,1,2,4,5-四甲基苯,1-甲基萘,2-甲基苯并噻唑,2-苯氧基乙醇,2-吡咯烷酮,3-甲基苯甲醚,4-甲基苯甲醚,3,4-二甲基苯甲醚,3,5-二甲基苯甲醚,苯乙酮,α-萜品醇,苯并噻唑,苯甲酸丁酯,异丙苯,环己醇,环己酮,环己基苯,十氢化萘,十二烷基苯,苯甲酸乙酯,茚满,苯甲酸甲酯,NMP,对甲基异丙基苯,苯乙醚,1,4-二异丙基苯,二苄醚,二乙二醇丁基甲基醚,三乙二醇丁基甲基醚,二乙二醇二丁基醚,三乙二醇二甲基醚,二乙二醇单丁基醚,三丙二醇二甲基醚,四乙二醇二甲基醚,2-异丙基萘,戊苯,己苯,庚苯,辛苯,1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷,或这些溶剂的混合物。
包含所述式(1)化合物的器件能够以多种方式使用。例如,可以在电视、移动电话、计算机和摄像机的显示器中使用包含一种或多种式(1)化合物的电致发光器件。所述器件可以可选地用于照明应用中。此外,电致发光器件可以例如用于包含至少一种式(1)化合物的OLED或OLEC中,在医学或美容中用于光疗法。因此可治疗多种病症(银屑病、异位性皮肤炎、炎症、痤疮、皮肤癌等)或避免和减少皮肤皱纹、皮肤发红和皮肤衰老的形成。此外,所述发光器件可用于保持饮料或食物新鲜,或为了将装置(例如医疗装置)消毒。
因此,本发明提供包含至少一种式(1)化合物的电子器件、优选地有机电致发光器件、非常优选地OLED或OLEC、最优选地OLED,所述器件用于医学中的光疗法。
此外,本发明优选地涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物的电子器件、优选地有机电致发光器件、非常优选地OLED或OLEC、最优选地OLED,所述器件用于皮肤疾病的光疗法治疗。
此外,本发明非常优选地涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物的电子器件、优选地有机电致发光器件、非常优选地OLED或OLEC、最优选地OLED,所述器件用于银屑病、异位性皮肤炎、炎症性病症、白癜风、伤口愈合和皮肤癌的光疗法治疗。
此外,本发明涉及包含至少一种式(1)化合物的电子器件、优选地有机电致发光器件、非常优选地OLED或OLEC、最优选地OLED在美容中,优选地用于痤疮、皮肤老化和脂肪团的治疗中的用途。
本发明的化合物和本发明的有机电致发光器件,相比于现有技术的特征在于以下令人惊讶的优点:
1.本发明的化合物非常好地适用于发光层中,并且相比于来自现有技术的化合物展现改进的性能数据。
2.本发明的化合物具有相对低的升华温度和高的热稳定性,并且因此可以在无分解或残余物的情况下升华。此外,它们具有高氧化稳定性和高玻璃化转变温度,这对于例如从溶液中或从气相的可加工性以及在电子器件中的使用是有利的。
3.本发明化合物在电子器件中的使用,尤其是用作基质材料,以及用作电子传输、电子阻挡或电子注入材料、空穴传输材料或空穴阻挡材料,导致高效率、低工作电压和长寿命。
应当指出,本发明的范围涵盖本发明中描述的实施方式的变体。除非明确排除,否则本发明中公开的任何特征可替换为提供相同目的或者等效或类似目的的替代特征。因此,除非另外说明,否则本发明中公开的任何特征应该被视为通用系列的实例或者视为等效或类似的特征。
除非特定的特征和/或步骤相互排斥,否则本发明的所有特征可彼此以任何方式组合。本发明的优选特征尤其如此。同样,可独立地(而非组合)使用非必要组合的特征。
此外应当指出,本发明的许多特征,特别是优选实施方式的那些特征本身是创造性的,而不应仅视为本发明的一些实施方式。对于这些特征,除了任何目前要求保护的发明或作为任何目前要求保护的发明的替代,可寻求独立的保护。
可对本发明公开的技术教导进行提取并与其它实施例组合。
通过以下实施例详细地说明本发明,而无意由此对其进行限制。
实施例
除非另外说明,否则在干燥溶剂中在保护性气体气氛下进行以下合成。反应物可来自Aldrich(对甲苯磺酸、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、苯硼酸、三(邻甲苯基)膦、磷酸钾、乙酸钯(II))。可通过文献方法[J.Org.Chem.(有机化学杂志),1985,50,1486-1496]制备8,8‘-二羟基-1,1‘-联萘。根据文献已知的化合物的方括号中的数字是CAS编号。
实施例1
二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯的合成
在2小时过程中,向24.4g的8,8‘-二羟基-1,1‘-联萘(85.2毫摩尔)于500mL甲苯中的沸腾溶液中以小份添加17.8g(190毫摩尔)的对甲苯磺酸。然后将混合物搅拌1小时。在反应混合物已经冷却后,添加25.9g(187.5毫摩尔)的K2CO3于25mL水中的溶液,并且将混合物搅拌1小时。移出有机相,用100mL水洗涤,用Mg2SO4干燥并且然后浓缩。产率:19.8g(73.8毫摩尔),理论的87%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
实施例2
4,4‘-二溴二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯的合成
将19.6g(73.0毫摩尔)的二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯溶解在200mL二甲基甲酰胺中,向其中添加27.3g(178.0毫摩尔)的N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺,并且将反应混合物加热至40℃。30分钟后,使混合物冷却并且过滤出沉淀的黄色固体并用40mL乙醇洗涤两次。产率:31.1g(63.4毫摩尔),理论的87%;根据1H NMR纯度为约99%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
实施例3
4-溴二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯的合成
将30mg(0.11毫摩尔)的二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯溶解在5mL氯仿中,向其中添加40mg(0.22毫摩尔)的N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺,并且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌6小时。其后,用5mL二氯甲烷扩充反应混合物,添加水并且分离出有机相。柱色谱纯化得到25.3mg的产率(0.07毫摩尔,理论的65.2%)。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
实施例4
二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯-4-硼酸的合成
向93.6g(270毫摩尔)的4-溴二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯于1500mL二乙醚中的冷却至-78℃的溶液中逐滴添加110mL(276毫摩尔)的正丁基锂(2.5M于己烷中)。将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。使混合物达到室温并再次冷却至-78℃,然后快速添加40mL(351毫摩尔)的硼酸三甲酯于50mL二乙醚中的混合物。在升温至-10℃后,用135mL的2N盐酸实现水解。移出有机相,用水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩至干。将残余物溶于300mL正庚烷中,并且利用抽吸过滤出无色固体,用正庚烷洗涤并减压干燥。产率:77.6g(248毫摩尔),理论的92%。
以类似方式,可以使用0.5当量的溴化物来获得以下化合物:
实施例5
4,4'-二苯基二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯的合成
将35g(82.1毫摩尔)的4,4‘-二溴二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯、22.0g(180.7毫摩尔)的苯硼酸和38.3g(180.7毫摩尔)的磷酸钾悬浮在500mL甲苯、250mL 1,4-二烷和120mL水中。向混合物中添加1.3g(4.1毫摩尔)的三(邻甲苯基)膦和然后添加461mg(2毫摩尔)的乙酸钯(II),并且将反应混合物在回流下加热48小时。在冷却后,移出有机相,用每次100mL的水洗涤三次并浓缩。在通过柱色谱法(SiO2,正庚烷/二氯甲烷3:1)纯化后,将所得泡沫物溶解在二氯甲烷中并利用乙醇沉淀。使残余物从甲苯中和从二氯甲烷中重结晶并且最终在高真空(p=5×10-5毫巴)下升华。产率:18.2g(43.2毫摩尔),理论的53%。纯度:根据HPLC为约99.9%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
实施例6
4-萘-2-基二苯基二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯的合成
将61g(177毫摩尔)的4-溴二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯、25.5g(180.7毫摩尔)的2-萘基硼酸和38.3g(180.7毫摩尔)的磷酸钾悬浮在500mL甲苯、250mL的1,4-二烷和120mL水中。向混合物中添加1.3g(4.1毫摩尔)的三(邻甲苯基)膦和然后添加461mg(2毫摩尔)的乙酸钯(II),并且将反应混合物在回流下加热48小时。在冷却后,移出有机相,用每次100mL的水洗涤三次并浓缩。在通过柱色谱法(SiO2,正庚烷/二氯甲烷3:1)纯化后,将所得泡沫物溶解在二氯甲烷中并利用乙醇沉淀。使残余物从甲苯中和从二氯甲烷中重结晶并且最终在高真空(p=5×10-5毫巴)下升华。产率:24g(61.8毫摩尔),理论的59%。纯度:根据HPLC为约99.9%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
实施例7
2,2'-二溴-4,4'-二苯基二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯的合成
将2g(4.8毫摩尔)的4,4‘-二苯基二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯溶解在20mL二甲基甲酰胺中,向其中添加1.8g(10.0毫摩尔)的N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺并且将反应混合物加热至80℃。在1小时后,使混合物冷却并且过滤出沉淀的绿色固体并用各5mL的冷DMF和水洗涤。产率:1.2g(2.1毫摩尔),理论的44%;根据1H NMR纯度为约96%。
实施例8
2,2‘-,4,4‘--四苯基二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯的合成
将5g(8.6毫摩尔)的4,4‘-二溴二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯、2.3g(19.0毫摩尔)的苯硼酸和4.0g(19.0毫摩尔)的磷酸钾悬浮在55mL甲苯、26mL的1,4-二烷和12.5mL水中。向混合物中添加130mg(0.43毫摩尔)的三(邻甲苯基)膦,然后添加48mg(0.21毫摩尔)的乙酸钯(II),并且将反应混合物在回流下加热48小时。在冷却后,移出有机相,用每次50mL的水洗涤三次并浓缩。在柱色谱纯化(SiO2,正庚烷/二氯甲烷3:1)后,使残余物从甲苯中和从二氯甲烷中重结晶并且然后在高真空(p=5×10-5毫巴)下升华。产率:3.2g(5.6毫摩尔),理论的65%。纯度:根据HPLC约99.9%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
实施例9
N,N,N',N'-四(联苯-4-基)二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯-4,4’-二胺的合成
将12.3g(50毫摩尔)的4,4‘-二溴二萘并[1,8-bc:1',8'-ef]氧杂环庚三烯、19.2g(60毫摩尔)的双(联苯-4-基)胺、7.7g(80毫摩尔)的叔丁醇钠、1.4g(5毫摩尔)的三环己胺、561mg(2.5毫摩尔)的乙酸钯(II)和300mL均三甲苯的混合物在回流下加热24小时。在冷却后,添加200mL水,将混合物搅拌另外30分钟,移出有机相并且将后者通过短Celite床过滤并且然后在减压除去溶剂。使残余物从DMF中重结晶五次并且最终分级升华两次(p为约10-6毫巴)。产率:20.9g(23毫摩尔),理论的80%;纯度:根据HPLC为99.9%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
实施例10
8-三甲基甲硅烷基三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯的合成
将4.73g(19.4毫摩尔)的三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯[2688-95-1]和5.86mL(4.57g,39.3毫摩尔,2摩尔%)的四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)溶解在60mL干二乙醚中。然后添加18.7mL的正丁基锂(2.5M于己烷中,46.9毫摩尔,2.4摩尔%),并且然后将反应混合物加热至回流,持续2小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至0℃,添加氯三甲基硅烷(6.0mL,47.4毫摩尔)并且将混合物搅拌过夜,在此过程中使其升温至室温。向反应混合物中添加60mL水并且分离出有机相。用每次30mL二乙醚萃取水相两次,并且将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥并在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩。通过柱色谱法(SiO2,庚烷)纯化所得油状粗产物,并以94%(5.76g,18.2毫摩尔)的产率得到呈无色油形式的8-三甲基甲硅烷基三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯。
实施例11
三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯-1-硼酸(Int-4)的合成
向9.82g(31.03毫摩尔)的8-三甲基甲硅烷基三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯于50mL干二氯甲烷中的初始装料中然后逐渐添加37.2mL的三溴化硼(1M于二氯甲烷中(37.2毫摩尔,1.2摩尔%))。将反应混合物搅拌15小时并且然后添加至冰中。分离出黄色有机相,并且用每次30mL的乙酸乙酯萃取水相两次。将合并的有机相用每次30mL的水和饱和NaCl溶液洗涤并且然后用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。将所得的Int-4的黄色油(8.4g,29.2毫摩尔,94%)在未进一步纯化的情况下进一步转化。
实施例12
6-溴三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯(Int-5)的合成
最初在100mL的干二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中装料10g(41毫摩尔)的三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯以及8mg的N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(45毫摩尔,1.1摩尔%)。将反应混合物加热至120℃,持续24小时,并且然后减压除去溶剂。通过硅胶柱色谱法利用庚烷/DCM(2/1)作为洗脱剂来纯化残余物。以76%(10g,31毫摩尔)的产率获得作为浅黄色固体的Int-5。
实施例13
6,12-二溴三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯(Int-6)的合成
最初在150mL的干二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中装料10g(41毫摩尔)的三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯以及16g的N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(90毫摩尔,2.2摩尔%)。将反应混合物加热至120℃,持续24小时,并且然后减压除去溶剂。通过硅胶柱色谱法利用庚烷/DCM(2/1)作为洗脱剂来纯化残余物。以91%(15g,37毫摩尔)的产率获得作为黄色固体状的Int-6。
实施例14
2-(三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯-8-基)-4,6-二苯基-[1,3,5]三嗪的合成
最初将8.4g(29.2毫摩尔)的三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯-1-硼酸、10.2g的2-氯-4,6-二苯基-[1,3,5]三嗪(37.9毫摩尔,1.3摩尔%)和6.8g的Na2CO3(64.1毫摩尔,2.2摩尔%)装入122mL甲苯、60mL的1,4-二烷和30mL水的混合物中。然后添加1.68g的Pd(PPh3)4(1.46毫摩尔,0.05摩尔%),并且将反应混合物加热至80℃,持续15小时。分离出有机相,用每次100mL的水萃取三次,用Na2SO4干燥并减压浓缩至干。通过柱色谱法(SiO2,庚烷/CH2Cl22/1)纯化粗产物。以63%(8.74g,18.4毫摩尔)的产率获得呈非常微细的浅黄色晶体形式的氧杂环庚三烯。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
以类似方式,可利用0.5当量的相应硼酸获得以下化合物:
实施例15
3-(三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯-6-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑的合成
最初在3.5mL乙二醇二甲醚、3.5mL甲苯和2.5mL脱矿质水的混合物中装料6-溴三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯(Int-5)(132.3mg;0.41毫摩尔)和N-苯基咔唑-3-硼酸(129.3mg;0.45毫摩尔;1.1摩尔%)以及碳酸钾(124.5mg;0.90毫摩尔;2.2摩尔%)。使氩气通过混合物,持续30分钟。其后向混合物中添加三(邻甲苯基)膦(3.37mg;0.011毫摩尔;4摩尔%)和Pd(OAc)2(1.24mg;0.006毫摩尔;2摩尔%)。将反应混合物加热至85℃过夜。在冷却后,分离出有机相并且用50mL的CH2Cl2萃取水相。将合并的有机相用50mL水萃取并用MgSO4干燥。在减压下除去溶剂并且通过硅胶柱色谱法利用庚烷/DCM(2/1)作为洗脱剂来纯化油状残余物。以72%(100.5mg,0.31毫摩尔)的产率获得作为浅黄色固体的目标产物。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
以类似方式,当使用0.5当量的硼酸时可获得以下化合物:
实施例16
2-(12-溴三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯-8-基)-4,6-二苯基-[1,3,5]三嗪的合成
最初在100mL的无水二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中装料5g(10.5毫摩尔)的2-(三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯-8-基)-4,6-二苯基-[1,3,5]三嗪以及2.06g的N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(11.6毫摩尔,110摩尔%)。将反应混合物加热至60℃,持续48小时,并且然后在减压下除去溶剂。通过硅胶柱色谱法利用庚烷/DCM(2/1)作为洗脱剂来纯化残余物。以74%(4.31g;7.78毫摩尔)的产率获得作为无色固体的溴化物。
以类似方式,利用2当量的NBS相应二溴化物可获得以下:
实施例17
3-[10-(4,6-二苯基-[1,3,5]三嗪-2-基)-三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯-6-基]-9-苯基-9H-咔唑的合成
最初在200mL乙二醇二甲醚、200mL甲苯和150mL脱矿质水的混合物中装料5g(9毫摩尔)的2-(12-溴三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯-8-基)-4,6-二苯基-[1,3,5]三嗪和N-苯基咔唑-3-硼酸(2.85g;9.9毫摩尔;110摩尔%)以及碳酸钾(2.74g;19.8毫摩尔;220摩尔%)。使氩气通过混合物,持续30分钟。其后向混合物中添加三(邻甲苯基)膦(274mg;0.90毫摩尔;10摩尔%)和Pd(OAc)2(101mg;0.45毫摩尔;5摩尔%)。将反应混合物加热至85℃过夜。在冷却后,分离出有机相并且用50mL CH2Cl2萃取水相。将合并的有机相用50mL水萃取并用MgSO4干燥。在减压下除去溶剂并且通过硅胶柱色谱法利用庚烷/DCM(2/1)作为洗脱剂来纯化油状残余物。使残余物从甲苯中重结晶并且最终在高真空(p=5×10-6毫巴)下升华。产率:5.62g(7.85毫摩尔),87%;纯度:根据HPLC为99.9%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
实施例18
联苯-4-基-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2-基)-(9-氧杂三苯并[a,c,e]环庚烯-6-基)-胺的合成
将16g(50毫摩尔)的6-溴三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯、21.7g(60毫摩尔)的4-联苯-2-(9,9'-二甲基芴基)胺[897671-69-1]、7.7g(80毫摩尔)的叔丁醇钠、1.4g(5毫摩尔)的三环己胺、561mg(2.5毫摩尔)的乙酸钯(II)和300mL的均三甲苯的混合物在回流下加热24小时。在冷却后,添加200mL水,将混合物搅拌另外30分钟,移出有机相并且将后者通过短Celite床过滤并且然后在减压下除去溶剂。使残余物从DMF中重结晶五次并且最终分级升华两次(p为约10-6毫巴,T=330-340℃)。产率:21.7g(34毫摩尔),72%;纯度:根据HPLC为99.9%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
以类似方式,可以使用0.5当量的二溴化物来获得以下化合物:
实施例19
9-(9-氧杂三苯并[a,c,e]环庚烯-6-基)-9'-苯基-9H,9'H-[3,3']联咔唑的合成
将18.7g(46毫摩尔)的9-苯基-3,3'-联咔唑和14.8g(46毫摩尔)的6-溴三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯溶解在450mL甲苯中并通过引入保护性气体来脱气。这之后添加7mL(7毫摩尔,1M甲苯溶液)的三叔丁基膦、633.8mg(2.82毫摩尔)的Pd(OAc)2和7g(76毫摩尔)的NaOtBu。预先将固体脱气,并且将反应混合物后脱气,然后在回流下搅拌3小时。将温热反应溶液通过Alox B(活性水平1)过滤,用水洗涤,干燥并浓缩。使残余物从甲苯中重结晶并且最终在高真空(p=5×10-6毫巴)下升华。产率:24g(38毫摩尔),83%;纯度:根据HPLC为99.9%。
以类似方式,可获得以下化合物:
以类似方式,可以使用0.5当量的相应二溴化物来获得以下化合物:
实施例20
(2-氯苯基)-(9-氧杂三苯并[a,c,e]环庚烯-6-基)胺的合成
将25.5g(79毫摩尔)的6-溴三苯并[a,c,e]氧杂环庚三烯、10mL(95毫摩尔)的2-氯苯胺、36.3g(111毫摩尔)的碳酸铯、0.89g(3.9毫摩尔)的乙酸钯(II)和3.9g(6毫摩尔)的2,2’-双(二苯基膦基)-[1,1']联萘溶解在500mL甲苯中并在回流下搅拌5小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,用甲苯扩充并通过Celite过滤。在减压下浓缩滤液并且使残余物从甲苯/庚烷中重结晶。分离出作为无色固体的产物。产率:22g(61毫摩尔),理论的78%。
实施例21
环化
将36.7g(102毫摩尔)的(2-氯苯基)-(9-氧杂三苯并[a,c,e]环庚烯-6-基)-胺、32g(268毫摩尔)的碳酸钾、0.6g(2.7毫摩尔)的乙酸钯(II)和4.2mL(4.2毫摩尔)的三叔丁基膦悬浮在350mL二甲基乙酰胺中并在回流下搅拌6小时。在反应混合物已经冷却后,添加300mL水和400mL乙酸乙酯。将混合物搅拌另外30分钟,分离出有机相并且通过短Celite床过滤,然后在减压下除去溶剂。利用甲苯对粗产物进行热萃取并从甲苯中重结晶。通过色谱法分离异构体。产率:30g(91毫摩尔),理论的92%。
实施例22
芳基化
将35g(106毫摩尔)的化合物21a、17.9g(114毫摩尔)的溴苯和30.5g NaOtBu悬浮在1.5L对二甲苯中。向这种悬浮液中添加0.5g(2.11毫摩尔)的Pd(OAc)2和6mL的1M三叔丁基膦(1M甲苯溶液)。将反应混合物在回流下加热16小时。在冷却后,用每次200mL水洗涤三次并且然后浓缩至干。将残余物用甲苯热萃取,从甲苯中重结晶并且最终在高真空下升华;纯度为99.9%,产率为29g(73毫摩尔;69%)。
以类似方式,可制备以下化合物:
实施例23
OLED的制造
通过根据WO 04/058911的一般方法制造本发明的OLED和根据现有技术的OLED,此处将该方法调整以适应所述情形(层厚度的改变,材料)。
在以下实施例(参见表1和表2)中,呈现各种OLED的数据。所用的基底是已涂布有厚度为50nm的结构化ITO(氧化铟锡)的玻璃板。
所述OLED基本上具有以下层结构:基底/中间层(IL)/空穴注入层(HIL)/电子阻挡层(EBL)/发光层(EML)/电子传输层(ETL)/电子注入层(EIL)和最后的阴极。通过由Liq构成的2nm厚层的气相沉积获得EIL。所述阴极由厚度为100nm的铝层形成。所述OLED的确切结构可见于表1中。所述OLED的制造所需的材料示于表3中。
通过在真空室中的热气相沉积来施加所有材料。在这种情况下,发光层总是由至少一种基质材料(主体材料)和发光掺杂剂(发光体)构成,通过共蒸发将所述发光掺杂剂以特定的体积比例添加至所述一种或多种基质材料。以诸如H1:D1(95%:5%)的形式给出的细节在此处是指材料H1以95体积%的比例存在于该层中并且SEB1以5体积%的比例存在于该层中。类似地,所述电子传输层也可由两种材料的混合物构成。
以标准方式表征所述OLED。为此目的,确定电致发光光谱、电流效率(以cd/A测量)、功率效率(以lm/W测量)和外量子效率(EQE,以百分比测量),其作为亮度的函数从呈现朗伯发射特征的电流-电压-亮度特征线(IUL特征线)计算,以及确定寿命。在1000cd/m2的亮度下测定电致发光光谱,并且自其计算CIE 1931x和y颜色坐标。在1000cd/m2下的参数EQE是指在1000cd/m2的工作亮度下的外量子效率。在100mA/cm2或60mA/cm2下的LD80是当OLED在100mA/cm2或60mA/cm2的电流下工作时,所述OLED已经降至起始强度的80%时的寿命。对于发绿光的OLED,选择100mA/cm2的起始辉度,并且对于发蓝光的OLED,选择60mA/cm2的起始辉度。表2中整理了各种OLED的数据。
本发明化合物在绿色或蓝色荧光OLED中作为基质材料、作为发光体和作为电子传输材料的用途
本发明化合物尤其适合在OLED中作为基质材料、掺杂剂或者作为电子传输材料。它们适合作为单独的层,以及作为EML或ETL内的混合组分。
相比于参比组分(C1或C4),所有包含本发明化合物的试样都在绿色或蓝色或绿色荧光OLED中展现较高的效率、较低的工作电压和/或明显改进的寿命。包含本发明化合物INV-3的组件C5相比于参比组件C4展现深的多的颜色。
实施例24
OLED的制造
在以下实施例I1至I27(表4和表5)中,呈现各种OLED的数据。向用于改进加工的涂布有厚度为50nm的结构化ITO(氧化铟锡)的清洁玻璃板(在实验室洗涤器中清洁,MerckExtran洗涤剂)涂布20nm的PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧基噻吩)聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯),作为CLEVIOSTM P VP AI 4083购自德国贺利氏贵金属公司(Heraeus Precious Metals GmbHDeutschland),从水溶液旋涂)并在180℃下烘烤10分钟。这些涂布玻璃板形成了要施加OLED的基底。
所述OLED基本上具有以下层结构:基底/空穴传输层(HTL)/中间层(IL)/电子阻挡层(EBL)/发光层(EML)/任选的空穴阻挡层(HBL)/电子传输层(ETL)/任选的电子注入层(EIL)和最后的阴极。所述阴极由厚度100nm的铝层形成。所述OLED的确切结构可见于表4中。表格中诸如“INV-10”的名称涉及本发明材料,所述材料的结构示于表6中。
通过在真空室中进行热气相沉积来施加所有材料。在这种情况下,发光层总是由至少一种基质材料(主体材料)和发光掺杂剂(发光体)构成,通过共蒸发将所述发光掺杂剂以特定的体积比例添加至所述一种或多种基质材料。以诸如IC1:INV-7:TEG2(59%:29%:12%)的形式给出的细节在此处是指材料IC1以59体积%的比例存在于该层中,INV-7以29体积%的比例存在于该层中,并且TEG2以12体积%的比例存在于该层中。类似地,所述电子传输层也可由两种材料的混合物构成。
以标准方式表征所述OLED。为此目的,确定电致发光光谱、电流效率(以cd/A测量)、功率效率(以lm/W测量)和外量子效率(EQE,以百分比测量),其作为亮度的函数从呈现朗伯发射特征的电流-电压-亮度特征线(IUL特征线)计算。在1000cd/m2的亮度下测定电致发光光谱,并且自其计算CIE 1931x和y颜色坐标。表5中的参数U1000是指1000cd/m2的亮度所需的电压。CE1000和PE1000分别是指在1000cd/m2下达到的电流和功率效率。最后,EQE1000是指在1000cd/m2的工作亮度下的外量子效率。表5中整理了各种OLED的数据。观测到,利用本发明的材料,当它们被用作空穴传输材料,用作磷光发光体的基质材料时,以及当它们被用作电子传输材料时,可以达到优异的性能数据。
表4:OLED的结构
表5:OLED的数据
表6:用于OLED的材料的结构式
Claims (14)
1.一种电子器件,所述电子器件包含至少一种根据通式(10a)、(10d)或(17)的化合物
其中的符号和标记是:
V
是O;
R1
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且选自H,具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有10至40个芳族环原子的二芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团;同时,两个相邻的R1基团一起可形成单环或多环的含有1至40个碳原子的脂族环系或含有6至60个碳原子的芳族环系或含有1至59个碳原子的杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代;
R2
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且是H,或具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有10至40个芳族环原子的二芳基氨基基团、二杂芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团;
条件是,所述R1基团中的至少一个不是H。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子器件,其特征在于所述电子器件包含至少一种根据式(18)的化合物,其中R1和V具有权利要求1中限定的含义:
。
3.一种组合物,其包含至少一种根据通式(10a)、(10d)或(17)的化合物和至少一种另外的化合物,所述另外的化合物选自荧光发光体、磷光发光体、主体材料、基质材料、电子传输材料、电子注入材料、空穴导体材料、空穴注入材料、电子阻挡材料和空穴阻挡材料、n型掺杂剂或p型掺杂剂,
其中的符号和标记是:
V
是O;
R1
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且选自H,具有5至60个芳族环原子并且在每种情况下可被一个或多个R2基团取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有10至40个芳族环原子的二芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团;同时,两个相邻的R1基团一起可形成单环或多环的含有1至40个碳原子的脂族环系或含有6至60个碳原子的芳族环系或含有1至59个碳原子的杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个R2基团取代;
R2
在每次出现时是相同或不同的并且是H,或具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,或具有10至40个芳族环原子的二芳基氨基基团、二杂芳基氨基基团或芳基杂芳基氨基基团;
条件是,所述R1基团中的至少一个不是H。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于所述另外的化合物是磷光发光体。
5.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于所述另外的化合物是主体或基质材料。
6.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于所述另外的化合物是磷光发光体和主体或基质材料。
7.根据权利要求3至6中的任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于所述另外的化合物具有2.5eV或更大的带隙。
8.一种制剂,其包含至少一种根据权利要求3至6中的任一项所述的组合物和至少一种溶剂。
9.根据权利要求1至2中的任一项所述的电子器件,所述电子器件是有机电致发光器件。
10.一种电子器件,其在发光层、电子传输层中或在电子阻挡层中包含至少一种如权利要求1至2中的任一项中所述的化合物或至少根据权利要求3至6中的任一项所述的组合物。
11.根据权利要求1至2中的任一项所述的电子器件,其特征在于所述电子器件选自有机集成电路(OIC)、有机场效应晶体管(OFET)、有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)、有机太阳能电池(OSC)、有机光检测器、有机感光器。
12.根据权利要求1至2中的任一项所述的电子器件,其特征在于所述电子器件是选自如下的有机电致发光器件:有机发光晶体管(OLET)、有机场猝熄器件(OFQD)、有机发光电化学电池、有机激光二极管(O-laser)和有机发光二极管(OLED)。
13.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的电子器件的方法,其特征在于通过气相沉积或从溶液施加至少一个有机层。
14.一种化合物,所述化合物选自:
。
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US10374170B2 (en) | 2019-08-06 |
CN105793246A (zh) | 2016-07-20 |
US20190280218A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 |
WO2015082046A3 (de) | 2015-07-30 |
EP3077382A2 (de) | 2016-10-12 |
KR20160095081A (ko) | 2016-08-10 |
US11917913B2 (en) | 2024-02-27 |
KR102380808B1 (ko) | 2022-03-30 |
WO2015082046A2 (de) | 2015-06-11 |
US20160308146A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
JP6585048B2 (ja) | 2019-10-02 |
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EP3077382B1 (de) | 2018-12-26 |
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