CN105308318A - 轴向活塞泵 - Google Patents

轴向活塞泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105308318A
CN105308318A CN201480029158.XA CN201480029158A CN105308318A CN 105308318 A CN105308318 A CN 105308318A CN 201480029158 A CN201480029158 A CN 201480029158A CN 105308318 A CN105308318 A CN 105308318A
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China
Prior art keywords
swash plate
pipe
axial piston
axis
piston pump
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CN201480029158.XA
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Inventor
R·博施
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He Deke Transmission Centered Finite Co
Hydac Drive Center GmbH
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He Deke Transmission Centered Finite Co
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Priority claimed from DE102013008681.7A external-priority patent/DE102013008681A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008677.9A external-priority patent/DE102013008677A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008676.0A external-priority patent/DE102013008676A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008678.7A external-priority patent/DE102013008678A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008629.9A external-priority patent/DE102013008629A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008679.5A external-priority patent/DE102013008679A1/de
Application filed by He Deke Transmission Centered Finite Co filed Critical He Deke Transmission Centered Finite Co
Publication of CN105308318A publication Critical patent/CN105308318A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/26—Control
    • F04B1/30—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks
    • F04B1/32—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B1/328—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block by changing the inclination of the axis of the cylinder barrel relative to the swash plate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/10—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto
    • F01B3/103—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto for machines with rotary cylinder block
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/10—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto
    • F01B3/103—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto for machines with rotary cylinder block
    • F01B3/106—Control of working-fluid admission or discharge peculiar thereto for machines with rotary cylinder block by changing the inclination of the swash plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0602—Component parts, details
    • F03C1/0605—Adaptations of pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/122—Details or component parts, e.g. valves, sealings or lubrication means
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/122—Details or component parts, e.g. valves, sealings or lubrication means
    • F04B1/124—Pistons
    • F04B1/126—Piston shoe retaining means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2035—Cylinder barrels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2064—Housings
    • F04B1/2071—Bearings for cylinder barrels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2078—Swash plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2078—Swash plates
    • F04B1/2085—Bearings for swash plates or driving axles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/26—Control
    • F04B1/30—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks
    • F04B1/303—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by turning the valve plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/26—Control
    • F04B1/30—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks
    • F04B1/32—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/26—Control
    • F04B1/30—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks
    • F04B1/32—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B1/324—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block by changing the inclination of the swash plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B11/00—Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counteracting cavitation
    • F04B11/0091—Equalisation of pulses, e.g. by use of air vessels; Counteracting cavitation using a special shape of fluid pass, e.g. throttles, ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/08—Regulating by delivery pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
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    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0082—Details
    • F01B3/0085—Pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
    • F04B19/20—Other positive-displacement pumps
    • F04B19/22—Other positive-displacement pumps of reciprocating-piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878—Pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/30—Alloys based on one of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, indium, e.g. materials for providing sliding surfaces
    • F16C2204/34—Alloys based on tin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/46—Coating surfaces by welding, e.g. by using a laser to build a layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种斜盘结构型式的轴向活塞泵，其尤其是用于液压系统，包括在泵壳体(7)中围绕轴线(15)能被旋转驱动的缸筒(1)，活塞(21)可轴向运动地设置在该缸筒中，这些活塞借助其能从缸筒(1)之外接近的操作端部(31)至少间接地支撑在一个斜盘(3)上，该斜盘为了调整活塞(21)的行程和因此调整通过这些活塞产生的流体系统压力而能相对于轴线(15)枢转到希望的倾斜角中，所述斜盘(3)为了其枢转运动通过斜盘支承部(39、41)支承在泵壳体(7)上，其特征在于，设有供应装置(5)，处于系统压力下的流体借助该供应装置至少到达斜盘支承部(39、41)。

Description

轴向活塞泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种斜盘结构型式的轴向活塞泵，其尤其是用于液压系统，包括在泵壳体中围绕轴线能被旋转驱动的缸筒，活塞可轴向运动地设置在该缸筒中，这些活塞借助其能从缸筒之外接近的操作端部至少间接地支撑在一个斜盘上，该斜盘为了调整活塞的行程和因此通过这些活塞产生的流体系统压力而能相对于轴线枢转到希望的倾斜角中，所述斜盘为了其枢转运动通过斜盘支承部支承在泵壳体上。
背景技术
斜盘结构型式的轴向活塞泵属于现有技术。其广泛应用于消耗器、如工作缸、液压马达等的压力介质供应。与同样已知的具有固定斜盘的轴向活塞泵相比，开头所提类型的、斜盘相对于轴线的倾斜度可调的轴向活塞泵突出之处在于在运行中更好的能量平衡。具有固定斜盘的泵作为恒定泵在给定的驱动转速下始终输送恒定的流体体积流，即使被压力介质操作的机组未要求能量，并且因此即使在空载时也必须克服液压回路中的流动阻力，为此消耗的驱动能量未提供任何有用的能量，而通过斜盘倾斜度的可调整性能够将输送体积调整为零并且可使驱动能量需求最小化。开头所提类型的轴向活塞泵在文献DE4415510C1中公开。
DE2531616A描述了一种具有壳体的轴向活塞机，在该壳体中支承有一个被驱动的轴，该轴与缸筒不可相对旋转地连接。在缸筒中可轴向运动地设有活塞，这些活塞在一个斜盘上分别借助一个设置在操作端部上的滑座支撑。压板确保滑座始终贴靠在斜盘上。平面的斜盘是摇架的一部分，该摇架可枢转地贴靠在支承套上。摇架通过对压力介质压力的控制而枢转到两个设置在摇架下方的、相对置的压力腔中，由此能够调整活塞的行程。两个沿轴向在周边相对置地设置在壳体内部的支撑管具有用于将压力介质引导到摇架下方的压力腔中的内部通道，各自的支撑管被一个盘形弹簧组压紧到由摇架支撑部件上的球阀构成的支座上。由此确保流体被可靠地供应到压力腔中或被可靠地从压力腔中排出。
发明内容
从该现有技术出发，本发明提出的任务在于提供一种轴向活塞泵，其具有可调整到希望的倾斜角中的斜盘，该轴向活塞泵的突出之处在于即使在长期运行中也具有特别高的运行可靠性。
根据本发明的一个方面，该任务根据权利要求1以下述方式被解决：设有供应装置，处于系统压力下的流体借助该供应装置至少到达斜盘支承部。由此，用流体、例如在液压系统中使用的液压油为斜盘支承部提供压力润滑，所述流体可通过构造在斜盘中的孔和通道被供应给支承部的相应的在运行中承受负荷的区域。因此，即使在具有大量斜盘调整周期和/或斜盘枢转运动以高频率进行的长期运行中也确保完好的支承和相应高的运行可靠性。
根据本发明的另一方面，所提出的发明任务根据权利要求2以下述方式被解决：设有使斜盘保持贴靠在斜盘支承部上的压紧装置。当泵运行，并且斜盘调整到一枢转位置中，在该枢转位置中产生体积流和相应的系统压力时，系统压力便通过活塞作用于斜盘，从而斜盘被固定在其支承部中。在无压力的系统中，当泵不运行或斜盘未相对于轴线枢转、也就是说处于零位中并且不存在系统压力时，没有基于压力的力通过活塞作用于斜盘。通过根据本发明设置的压紧装置，即使在这些运行情况下斜盘也被防止从其支承部中掉出，从而泵也可在调整到零位输送时可靠运行。
在特别有利的实施例中，供应装置形成压紧装置的组成部分并且具有管，该管形成在泵壳体的引导系统压力的流体路径和斜盘之间的流体连接。由此，借助适合的构造在斜盘中的润滑剂通道可实现希望的向有关支承位置的润滑剂供应。
特别有利地，压紧装置可以具有蓄能器、优选弹簧装置形式的蓄能器，用于产生使斜盘保持在斜盘支承部上的贴靠力。
在特别有利的实施例中，所述管与斜盘通过允许该斜盘相对于管枢转运动并且形成流体连接的铰接装置连接。由此，管无需可枢转运动地与泵壳体连接，从而能够在结构上简单地设计管与壳体的连接。
特别有利地，可在管的背离斜盘的端部和泵壳体的引导系统压力的部分之间设置有盘形弹簧组，该盘形弹簧组用作蓄能器并且预压紧管靠向铰接装置以便传递贴靠力，该铰接装置设置在斜盘和管的相配的另一端部之间的过渡处。
铰接装置可构造成球铰的形式并且包括位于管端部上的球头和位于斜盘上的连接件，在该连接件中形成有容纳球头的球窝，在该球窝中设有延续管的流体路径的流体通路。
特别有利地，在此可以这样设置：所述管在缸筒旁平行于轴线延伸，并且带有容纳球头的球窝的连接件设置在斜盘的侧向的凸出部(Ansatz)处。
附图说明
下面参考附图中所示的实施例详细说明本发明。附图如下：
图1示出示意性简化图，在其中以侧视图仅示出按照本发明的轴向活塞泵的一种实施例的缸筒、斜盘和一个用作供应和压紧装置的铰接管；
图2示出轴向活塞泵的该实施例的纵剖视图；
图3示出用作供应和压紧装置的铰接管的放大且分解透视性的斜视图；和
图4示出该实施例的单独示出的斜盘的透视性斜视图。
具体实施方式
图1以简化图仅示出待说明的实施例的一个旋转缸筒1以及相配的可枢转的斜盘3和一个设置在缸筒1旁的铰接管5，该铰接管形成供应和压紧装置。在图2中以7表示的泵壳体在图1中被省略。在该图1中示出斜盘3处于相应于最大输送体积和相应高的系统压力的枢转角度中。如图2所示，泵壳体7包括一个在附图中位于上方的上部分9和一个下部分11。缸筒1的驱动轴13为了围绕以15表示的轴线转动运动而以圆柱滚子轴承16支承在上部分9中并且借助滑动轴承17支承在下部分11中。缸筒1的各缸室19连同在其中被引导的活塞21(在图2的剖面中仅可见一个缸室19)在附图中的下缸端部与一控制环23接触，该控制环贴靠在壳体下部分11上并且具有控制口25，这些控制口形成来自吸入侧27的流体入口并且形成通向压力侧29的出口。
在缸筒1转动运动时，活塞21通过滑座31在位于斜盘3下侧上的滑动面33上滑动。滑座31与活塞上侧球铰状地连接，从相应缸室19连续通向滑动面33的油孔35允许流体、如液压油进入以便润滑滑动面33。
为了调节输送体积，斜盘3可围绕枢转轴线37调整，该枢转轴线处于斜盘3的滑动面33的平面中。该枢转轴线37通过在斜盘3和上部分9之间形成的斜盘支承部定义。该斜盘支承部在上部分9上包括塑料支承套39，斜盘3借助截球形的滑动面41在该塑料支承套上被引导。在滑动面41中，为了使驱动轴13穿过，在斜盘3中形成有向上锥形变宽的通孔43，尤其是参见图4。在孔43两侧旁设有从滑动面41伸出的导轨45作为斜盘支承部的一部分。为了斜盘3围绕枢转轴线37枢转运动，斜盘3的在图2中位于左边的侧面与一个摇杆47用螺纹连接，该摇杆在缸筒1旁平行于轴线15延伸并且可在其在图2中的下端部49上沿垂直于图平面延伸的方向运动，以便引起斜盘3围绕枢转轴线37的相应枢转运动。摇杆47在斜盘3的相配的侧面上借助位于孔51中的内螺纹用螺纹连接。
铰接管5连同其所属的构件在图3中单独示出并且形成供应和压紧装置的组成部分。如图1和图2所示，该铰接管沿平行于轴线15延伸的方向设置在缸筒1旁边。铰接管5借助其在图1和2中的下端部支承在壳体下部分11上的连接座55中的容纳部53(参见图1)内，容纳部53允许铰接管5的轴向移动。座55包括通向压力侧29的连接通道57(图1)，该连接通道通入铰接管5的容纳部53中。铰接管5的上端部通过连接件58与斜盘3铰接连接，该连接件沿侧向在滑动面33之外设置在斜盘3的下侧上。铰接连接通过球铰形式实现并且在铰接管5的上端部上具有一个球头59，该球头容纳于连接件58的球窝61中。铰接管5经由连接件58被压紧靠向斜盘3。为此目的，在铰接管5的下端部和容纳部53的底部之间设置有一个盘形弹簧组63。密封环65(参见图3)形成铰接管5的外侧与容纳部53之间的密封。连接件58中的流体通路67将在压力侧29的流体连接越过球头59上的管口延续至斜盘3。在连接件58和斜盘3之间的螺纹连接通过密封环69(图3)密封。在连接件58的通路67上连接有构造在斜盘3之内的润滑通道71、73、75，这些润滑通道中的竖直的通道75(参见图2和4)通向滑动面41的用于为枢转盘支承部供应润滑剂的有关位置。通过为枢转盘支承部供应作为润滑剂的流体而产生的泄漏体积流通常通过泄漏油管从泵壳体7排出、例如排向油箱。
当泵在斜盘的一枢转位置中运行，在该枢转位置时输送体积流且产生系统压力时，斜盘3通过经由活塞21作用于斜盘3的系统压力固定在斜盘支承部中。
当斜盘3向回枢转，以致泵在零位输送时空载运行并且不产生系统压力时，或者当泵静止时，便没有基于压力的力作用于斜盘3。因此在泵的竖直安装位置中存在斜盘3可能从斜盘支承部中掉出的危险。在本发明中，该危险通过下述措施避免：铰接管5除了为斜盘支承部供应润滑剂的功能外还借助由盘形弹簧组63产生的预紧形成压紧装置，该压紧装置将斜盘3在贴靠力作用下固定在枢转支承部上。

Claims (10)

1.斜盘结构型式的轴向活塞泵，尤其是用于液压系统，包括在泵壳体(7)中围绕轴线(15)能被旋转驱动的缸筒(1)，活塞(21)可轴向运动地设置在该缸筒中，这些活塞借助其能从缸筒(1)之外接近的操作端部(31)至少间接地支撑在一个斜盘(3)上，该斜盘为了调整活塞(21)的行程和因此调整通过这些活塞产生的流体系统压力而能相对于轴线(15)枢转到希望的倾斜角中，所述斜盘(3)为了其枢转运动通过斜盘支承部(39、41)支承在泵壳体(7)上，其特征在于，设有供应装置(5)，处于系统压力下的流体借助该供应装置至少到达斜盘支承部(39、41)。
2.斜盘结构型式的轴向活塞泵，尤其是用于液压系统，包括在泵壳体(7)中围绕轴线(15)能被旋转驱动的缸筒(1)，活塞(21)可轴向运动地设置在该缸筒中，这些活塞借助其能从缸筒(1)之外接近的操作端部(31)至少间接地支撑在一个斜盘(3)上，该斜盘为了调整活塞(21)的行程和因而调整通过这些活塞产生的流体系统压力而能相对于轴线枢转到希望的倾斜角中，所述斜盘(3)为了其枢转运动通过斜盘支承部(39、41)支承在泵壳体(7)上，其特征在于，设有使斜盘(3)保持贴靠在斜盘支承部(39、41)上的压紧装置(5)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴向活塞泵，其特征在于，所述供应装置形成压紧装置的组成部分并且具有管(5)，该管形成在泵壳体(7)的引导系统压力的流体路径(57)和斜盘(3)之间的流体连接并且将使该斜盘保持在斜盘支承部(39、41)上的贴靠力传递到斜盘(3)上。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的轴向活塞泵，其特征在于，所述压紧装置(5)具有蓄能器、优选弹簧装置(63)形式的蓄能器，用于产生使斜盘(3)保持在斜盘支承部(39、41)上的贴靠力。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的轴向活塞泵，其特征在于，所述管(5)与斜盘(3)通过允许该斜盘相对于管(5)枢转运动的并且形成流体连接的铰接装置(59、61)连接。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的轴向活塞泵，其特征在于，在管(5)的背离斜盘(3)的端部和泵壳体(7)的引导系统压力的部分(55)之间设置有盘形弹簧组(63)，该盘形弹簧组预压紧管(5)靠向铰接装置(59、61)以便传递贴靠力，该铰接装置设置在斜盘(3)和管(5)的相配的另一端部之间的过渡处。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的轴向活塞泵，其特征在于，所述铰接装置构造成球铰的形式并且包括位于管(5)端部上的球头(59)和位于斜盘(3)上的连接件(58)，在该连接件中构造有容纳球头(59)的球窝(61)，在该球窝中设有延续管(5)的流体路径的流体通路(67)。
8.根据上述权利要求之一所述的轴向活塞泵，其特征在于，所述管(5)在缸筒(1)旁平行于轴线(15)延伸，并且带有容纳球头(59)的球窝(61)的连接件(58)设置在斜盘(3)的位于滑动面(33)侧旁的部分上。
9.根据上述权利要求之一所述的轴向活塞泵，其特征在于，为了使斜盘(3)围绕枢转轴线(37)枢转运动，斜盘(3)的一侧与摇杆(37)连接，该摇杆平行于缸筒(1)的轴线(15)延伸并且能在其一个端部(49)上沿垂直于轴线(15)的方向运动。
10.根据上述权利要求之一所述的轴向活塞泵，其特征在于，设置使斜盘(3)保持贴靠在斜盘支承部(39、41)上的压紧装置(5)。
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