CN105074520A - 光波导 - Google Patents

光波导 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105074520A
CN105074520A CN201480006872.7A CN201480006872A CN105074520A CN 105074520 A CN105074520 A CN 105074520A CN 201480006872 A CN201480006872 A CN 201480006872A CN 105074520 A CN105074520 A CN 105074520A
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optical waveguide
light transmitting
transmitting material
bodies according
extraction part
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CN105074520B (zh
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库尔特·S·威尔考克斯
约翰·W·德基
克雷格·D·罗利
约瑟夫·P·霍博特
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Cree Lighting USA LLC
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Cree Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0045Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
    • G02B6/0046Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21KNON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/23Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21KNON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F21K9/61Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using light guides
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/002Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
    • G02B6/0021Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces for housing at least a part of the light source, e.g. by forming holes or recesses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0028Light guide, e.g. taper
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/00362-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/004Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles
    • G02B6/0041Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles provided in the bulk of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/004Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles
    • G02B6/0043Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles provided on the surface of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0058Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0058Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
    • G02B6/0061Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide to provide homogeneous light output intensity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0081Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
    • G02B6/0086Positioning aspects
    • G02B6/009Positioning aspects of the light source in the package
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0081Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
    • G02B6/0086Positioning aspects
    • G02B6/0088Positioning aspects of the light guide or other optical sheets in the package

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

一种光波导包括耦合光学部件和波导本体。根据一个实施方式,波导本体包括:弯曲的第一表面,该弯曲的第一表面在输入表面与端部表面之间延伸;以及第二表面,该第二表面与第一表面相对。输入表面具有设置在第一表面与第二表面之间的第一厚度,并且端部表面具有设置在第一表面与第二表面之间的第二厚度,该第二厚度小于第一厚度。

Description

光波导
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年1月30日提交的题为“光波导(OpticalWaveguide)”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/758,660的权益,并且是于2013年3月15日提交的题为“光波导(OpticalWaveguides)”的美国专利申请序列号13/842,521的部分继续,这两个申请均由本申请的受让人拥有,并且其公开内容通过引用结合于此。
关于联邦政府资助的研究或开发的引用
不适用。
顺序列表
不适用。
本发明的技术领域
本发明的主题涉及光波导,更具体地涉及用于通用照明的光波导。
本发明的背景技术
光波导混合并导向由一个或多个光源(例如,一个或多个发光二极管(LED))发射的光。典型的光波导包括三个主要元件:一个或多个耦合部件、一个或多个分布部件以及一个或多个提取部件(extractionelements,取出部件)。耦合元件将光导向到分布部件内,并对光进行调节以与后续元件相互作用。一个或多个分布部件控制光是如何穿过波导的,并取决于波导几何结构和材料。提取部件通过控制光离开波导的位置和方向来确定如何去除光。
在设计耦合光学部件时,首先考虑的是:使光从光源传输到波导中的效率最大;控制射入波导中的光的位置;并且控制光在耦合光学部件中的角度分布。控制射入的光的空间和角度传播的一种方法是使每个光源配备专用透镜。这些透镜可设置有在透镜与耦合光学部件之间的气隙(airgap,间隙),或者可由限定波导的分布部件的相同材料块制成。离散的耦合光学部件允许具有多个优点,例如更高效的耦合、光源的光通量的受控的叠加、以及如何对射入的光与波导的剩余部件相互作用进行角度控制。离散的耦合光学部件使用折射、全内反射以及表面散射或体积散射来控制射入波导中的光的分布。
在光耦合到波导内之后,必须将光引导并调节到提取的位置。最简单的实例是光纤线缆,光线线缆设计为将光从线缆的一端输送到另一端,同时在两端之间具有最小的损失。为了实现这个目标,光纤线缆仅是逐渐弯曲的,并在波导内避免尖锐的弯曲。根据众所周知的全内反射的原理,如果入射光相对于表面不超过临界角,那么穿过波导的光从波导的外表面被反射回波导内。
为了使提取部件从波导去除光,光必须首先与包括提取部件的零件(feature)接触。通过使波导表面适当地成形,人们可控制光穿过提取零件的传播。具体而言,提取零件的间距、形状和其他特性的选择影响了波导的外观、波导导致的分布以及效率。
赫尔斯(Hulse)的美国专利第5,812,714号公开了一种波导弯曲部件,该波导弯曲部件构造成将光的传播方向从第一方向改变成第二方向。波导弯曲部件包括收集器部件,收集器部件收集从光源中发射的光并且将光导向到波导弯曲部件的输入面内。沿着外表面在内部反射进入弯曲部件内的光,并且光在输出面处离开该部件。外表面包括斜角表面或弯曲表面,该斜角表面或弯曲表面定向为在内部反射进入弯曲部件的大部分光,直到光到达输出面。
帕克(Parker)等人的美国专利第5,613,751号公开了一种发光面板组件,该组件包括具有光输入表面、光转换区以及一个或多个光源的透明发光面板。光源优选地嵌入或粘合在光转换区内以消除任何气隙,从而减少光损耗并且尽可能增大发射的光。光转换区可包括在每个光源周围和后面的反射表面和/或折射表面,以使光通过光转换区更有效地反射和/或折射并且聚焦到发光面板的光输入表面中。可在面板构件的一侧或两侧上提供光提取畸变的类型或面板表面的形状或几何结构的任何改变和/或致使部分光发射的涂层。畸形可变的类型可使光线散射以使得一部分光线的内反射角足够大从而使光线射出面板或者通过面板反射回并从另一侧射出。
位于伊利诺斯州奈尔斯市的A.L.P.LightingComponents(A.L.P.照明部件)公司制造了一种具有楔形形状的波导,该波导具有厚端、窄端以及位于其间的两个主面。在这两个主面上形成金字塔形提取零件。楔形波导用作出口标志,以使得该标志的厚端与天花板相邻并使得窄端向下延伸。光在厚端处进入波导中,并且通过金字塔形提取零件使光向下导向并远离波导。
本发明的概要
根据本发明的一个方面,光波导本体包括:弯曲的第一表面,其在输入表面与端部表面之间延伸;以及第二表面,其与所述第一表面相对。所述输入表面具有设置在所述第一表面与第二表面之间的第一厚度,并且所述端部表面具有设置在所述第一表面与第二表面之间的第二厚度,第二厚度小于所述第一厚度。
根据本发明的另一方面,波导本体包括光透射材料的本体,该光透射材料的本体具有输入表面以用于光沿着光路进入所述光透射材料的本体内。所述光透射材料的本体是弯曲的并具有横向于所述光路延伸的曲折区域。
根据本发明的又一方面,波导本体包括光透射材料的本体,该光透射材料的本体具有输入表面以用于光沿着光路进入所述光透射材料的本体内,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是弯曲的并具有多个曲折区域。
根据本发明的又一方面,波导包括光透射材料的本体。多个LED围绕所述光透射材料的本体间隔,以使得由多个LED形成的光被导向通过所述光透射材料的本体的输入边缘表面。由光透射材料的本体承载的提取零件设置成将由多个LED形成的光导向出所述光透射材料的本体。
根据本发明的又一方面,耦合光学部件包括耦合光学部件本体,该耦合光学部件本体包括多个输入腔,每个输入腔由壁限定,其中,突出部设置在每个输入腔内。此外,凹部设置在每个突出部内,并且每个突出部的凹部适于接收相关联的LED。
根据以下详细的描述和附图,本发明的其他方面和优点将变得显而易见。
附图的简要说明
图1是波导的第一实施方式的等距视图;
图2是波导的第一实施方式的侧视图;
图3A是图1的波导的平面图;
图3B是图1的波导的前视图;
图4是图1的波导本体的前视图,波导本体显示为平面以示出提取零件;
图5是图3的区域5-5的放大片段图;
图6是图3的区域6-6的放大片段图;
图7是具有提取零件的规则阵列的波导本体的第二实施方式的侧等距视图;
图8是总体上沿着图7的线8-8截取的截面图;
图9是沿着图8中的线9-9截取的放大的截面的片段以及等距的视图;
图10是总体上沿着图8的线10-10截取的放大的截面的片段以及等距的视图;
图11是图8的提取零件的部分的放大的片段平面图;
图12是具有阶梯轮廓的波导本体的第三实施方式的片段的等距视图;
图13是图12的波导本体的平面图;
图14是总体上沿着图13的线14-14截取的截面图;
图15是更详细地示出图12至图14的波导本体的片段的放大截面图;
图15A是与图15相似的示图,示出了可替代的波导本体;
图16是具有开槽的提取零件的波导本体的截面图;
图16A是与图16相似的示图,示出了分段式开槽的提取零件;
图17A至图17C分别是未涂覆的提取零件、涂覆的提取零件以及覆盖的提取零件的截面图;
图18是波导本体的另一实施方式的等距视图;
图19是图18的波导本体的平面图;
图20是图18的波导本体的侧视图;
图21是另一波导本体的侧视图;
图22是图21的波导本体的平面图;
图23是又一波导本体的侧视图;
图24至图27分别是又一波导本体的上部等距视图、下部等距视图、侧视图以及后视图;
图28至图30是另一波导本体的等距视图、侧视图以及前视图;
图31至图46是更进一步的波导的等距视图;
图44A是图44的波导本体的截面图;
图45A是空心波导本体的等距视图;
图47和图48分别是另一波导本体的平面图和侧视图;
图49是由线49-49示出的图48的波导本体的一部分的放大片段图;
图50和图51是又一波导本体的平面图和片段截面图;
图52是在二维中弯曲的另一波导本体的等距视图;
图53至图55是另一波导本体的前视图、底视图以及侧视图;
图56是可替代的提取零件的等距视图;
图57是使用图56的至少部分提取零件的波导本体的等距视图;
图58是耦合光学部件的片段等距视图;
图59是图58的耦合光学部件的片段放大等距视图;
图60是另一波导本体的示意性平面图;
图61是总体上沿着图60的线61-61截取的截面图;
图62是又一波导本体的示意性平面图;
图63是总体上沿着图62的线63-63截取的截面图;
图64是又一波导本体的等距视图;
图65是图64的波导本体的截面图;
图66是又一波导本体的截面图;
图67是又一波导本体的等距视图,该波导本体沿着穿过该波导本体的光路具有拐点;
图68是总体上沿着图67的线68-68截取的截面图;以及
图69是总体上沿着图67的线69-68截取的侧视图。
优选实施方式的详细说明
通常,波导本体的曲率和/或其他形状和/或提取零件的形状、尺寸和/或间距确定特定的光提取分布。所有这些选择影响了从波导的一端到另一端的视觉均匀性。例如,具有光滑表面的波导本体可在其弯曲部分处发射光。弯曲越尖锐,提取的光就越多。沿着弯曲提取光还取决于波导本体的厚度。光没有达到临界角就可以穿过薄波导本体的急转弯曲,然而,穿过厚波导本体的光更可能以大于临界角的角度穿透表面并且逸出。
使波导本体成锥形促使光沿着波导本体的长度在内部反射,同时增大入射角。最后,该光以足够尖锐的角度穿透一侧以逸出。相反的实例(即,在波导本体长度上逐渐变厚的波导本体)致使光沿着长度准直,并与波导本体壁的相互作用越来越少。这些反作用可以用于提取和控制波导内的光。在与专用提取零件相结合时,锥形允许人们改变在一系列的结构上的入射角分布。这控制提取多少光以及在哪个方向提取光。因此,弯曲、锥形表面以及提取零件的选择组合可以实现期望的照明和外观。
此外,本文预计的波导本体由任何合适的光透射材料制成,例如,丙烯酸材料、硅树脂、聚碳酸酯、玻璃材料、环烯烃共聚物(cyclicolefincopolymer)、空气或其他合适的材料或它们的组合,以实现期望的效果和/或外观。
如图1至图3B中所示,波导50的第一实施方式包括耦合光学部件52,耦合光学部件附接至主波导本体54。至少一个光源56(例如一个或多个LED)设置为与耦合光学部件52相邻。光源56可以是白光LED,或者可以包括多个LED,多个LED包括单独的涂覆有磷光体的LED,或者包括与彩色LED(例如绿色LED等)相结合的涂覆有磷光体的LED。在要产生柔和的白光照明的情况下,光源56通常包括蓝变黄LED以及红色LED。在本领域中已知的是使用其他LED组合可以产生不同的色温和外观。在一个实施方式中,光源56包括任何LED,例如,结合由作为本申请的受让人的克利公司开发和制造的TrueLED技术的MT-GLED。
波导本体54包括由第一表面58和第二表面60形成的弯曲的锥形形状。从光源56发射的光离开耦合光学部件52的输出表面62并且在波导本体54的第一端部66处进入输入表面64。光被发射通过第一表面58,并且沿着第二表面60穿过波导本体54的整个长度在内部被反射。在光穿过波导本体54时,波导本体54设计为从第一表面58发射的所有光或几乎所有光。任何剩余的光可以在位于与第一端部66相对的第二端部68处的端部表面70处离开波导54。可替代地,端部表面70可以涂有反射材料(例如,白色或镀银材料)以在必要时将任何剩余的光反射回波导本体54内。
波导本体54的第一表面58的曲率允许光逸出,而波导本体54的第二表面60的曲率通过全内反射防止光逸出。具体而言,全内反射是指光线在表面处的入射角小于称为临界角的阈值时在波导本体内发生的光的内部反射。临界角取决于构成波导本体的材料以及与波导本体相邻的材料的折射率(N)。例如,如果波导本体是折射率大约是1.5的丙烯酸材料并且由空气包围,那么临界角θc如下:
θc=arcsin(Nacrylic/Nair)=arcsin(1.5/1)=41.8°
在第一实施方式中,由于波导本体的曲率,所以光被部分地发射通过波导本体54的第一表面58。
如图1和图2中所示,波导本体54的锥形在输入表面64与端部表面70之间是线性的。根据一个实施方式,在输入表面64处的第一厚度是6mm,并且端部表面的第二厚度是2mm。第一表面58的曲率半径大约是200mm,并且第二表面60的曲率半径大约是200mm。
此外,在波导本体上的可选择的提取零件的数量、几何结构以及空间阵列影响发射的光的均匀性和分布。如在图3A、图3B以及图4至图6中的波导本体54的第一实施方式中所示,具有可变的提取零件尺寸的离散提取零件72的阵列用于获得光的均匀的分布或几乎均匀的分布。具体而言,提取零件72布置成行和列,其中,在每行内的结构从左向右延伸,并且在每列内的结构从上到下延伸,如图3A和3B中所示。最接近光源的提取零件72通常可以更小和/或更宽地间隔以便在波导本体54的长度尺寸中大部分光穿过这种结构以在波导本体54的后续部分处被提取。这造成在波导本体54的长度上逐渐提取光。虽然必要时这种间距是可变的,但是在每行中的提取零件72的中心间距优选地恒定。本文预期的提取零件72可以由注射成型、凸雕、激光切割、砑光轧制(calenderrolling)形成,或者可以通过薄膜将提取零件添加至波导本体54。
参照图3A和图3B,在波导本体54的第一表面58上的提取零件72允许光线离开波导本体54,这是因为光线在提取零件72的表面上的入射角大于临界角。在波导本体54的长度上的提取零件72的尺寸(和可选择地,间距)的变化造成从波导本体54发射的光在波导本体的长度和宽度上具有均匀的分布或几乎均匀的分布。优选地,如图4和图5中所示,最接近光源56的提取零件72具有大约0.5mm的宽度乘以0.5mm的长度和0.5mm的深度。还优选地,在该位置处的提取零件具有大约2mm的中心间距。此外,如图4和图6中所示,离光源56最远的提取零件72优选地是大约1.4mm(宽度)乘以1.4mm(长度)乘以1.4mm(深度)。此外,在该位置处的提取零件72也间隔大约2mm(在中心之间测量)。虽然提取零件72示出为沿着波导本体54具有恒定的间距,但是这些结构可以具有可变的间距,如上所述。因此,例如结构之间的间距可以随着与光源56的距离而减小。在图6中示出的提取零件72的更大尺寸(以及可能地,密度)允许发射与在图5中示出的更小的提取零件72相同量的光。虽然在第一实施方式中需要光的均匀分布,但是可以使用不同阵列的提取零件来预期和获得光的其他分布。
接下来,参照图7至图11,显示了波导本体74的另一实施方式。波导本体74与波导本体54相同,除了提取零件76的尺寸和密度沿着外表面77恒定以外。波导本体74还包括输入表面78、与输入表面78相对的端部表面79以及内表面80,并且该波导本体适于与任何耦合光学部件和一个或多个光源结合使用,例如,本文公开的耦合光学部件和前述实施方式的LED56。波导本体74的尺寸和形状与前述实施方式的尺寸和形状相同。
如图9至图11中所示,每个提取零件76均包括由平整表面81、82形成的V形凹槽。端部表面83、84设置在表面81、82的相对端部上。虽然并非必须,但是端部表面83、84优选地与表面77大体上垂直。在一个实施方式中,如图9中所示,表面81设置为相对于表面77具有角度a1,而表面82设置为相对于表面77具有角度a2。虽然角度a1和a2在图9至图11中示出为彼此相等或几乎相等,但是在一个优选的实施方式中的目标是在单次从输入表面78通过波导本体进入端部表面79期间,提取所有或几乎所有光。因此,光仅穿透表面81,并且几乎没有光穿透表面82。在这个实施方式中,表面81、82设置为相对于表面77具有不同的角度,使得a1几乎等于140度,并且a2几乎等于95度,如图17A中所示。
在图9至图11中示出的提取零件76可以用作第一实施方式的提取零件72,要理解的是,提取零件的尺寸和间距可以在表面58上变化,如上所述。相同或不同的提取零件可以单独地或者相结合地用于在本文中公开的任何实施方式中,如在后文中更详细地所述。
参照图12至图15,波导本体90的第三实施方式在波导本体90的表面98上使用具有多个离散阶梯94的形式的提取零件92。波导本体90具有输入表面91和端部表面93。阶梯94从波导本体90的一侧延伸到另一侧,其中,输入表面91的厚度大于端部表面93的厚度。任何耦合光学部件(例如本文公开的任何耦合光学部件)可以供波导本体90使用。光在每个阶梯94处折射或者通过全内反射在内部反射。波导本体90可以是平坦的(即,几乎平面)或弯曲的任何形状、可以是光滑的或具有纹理的,和/或在该波导本体上应用辅助光学折射涂层或反射涂层。虽然必要时表面96可以与相邻的表面98垂直,但是每个阶梯94还可以成例如在图15中由锥形表面96所示的角度。
图15A示出了一个实施方式,其中,提取零件92包括相对于相邻的表面98形成锐角的表面96,与图15的实施方式相反。在这个实施方式中,从包括表面96、98(如图15所示的与下表面(如在图14和15A中所示)99相对的)的表面提取出从左到右运行的光线(如图15A中所示)。
在图47至图49中示出了图12至图15的实施方式的又一修改,其中,锥形波导本体90包括提取零件92,该提取零件具有通过中间阶梯表面95彼此间隔的表面96。波导本体90从在输入表面91处的第一厚度到在端部表面93处的第二更小的厚度成锥形。光被导向出下表面99。
此外,阶梯94可以与设置在表面98内或者甚至设置在每个阶梯94内的提取零件76相结合地使用。这个组合允许一系列等距隔开的提取零件72实现均匀的光分布。厚度的变化允许发射的光的分布,而不影响波导的表面外观。
提取零件还可以用于在内部反射光并且防止光不受控制地逸出。例如,如图17A中所示,与典型的提取零件76的表面81接触的一部分光不受控制地逸出。图16示出了具有开槽的提取零件110的波导本体108,该提取零件重新导向通常射回波导本体108内的至少一部分光。开槽的提取零件110包括平行边凹槽,该凹槽具有第一侧表面111和第二侧表面112。一部分光以足够光通过第一侧表面111逸出的高的入射角穿透开槽的提取零件110。然而,大部分逸出的光通过第二侧表面112重新进入波导本体108内。然后,光从波导本体108的外表面反射并且保持在波导本体108内部。开槽的提取零件110的表面光洁度和几何结构影响重新射回波导本体108内的光的量。必要时,开槽的提取零件110可设置在波导本体108的上表面和下表面内。此外,虽然在图16中示出了平坦的凹槽,但是也能够具有弯曲的或分段式凹槽。例如,图16A示出了包括凹槽部分114a、114b的弯曲的和分段式凹槽。具有平行凹槽的提取零件可以形成在波导内以及形成在波导本体的表面上,例如在图16中的113处所示。本文公开的任何提取零件可以用于本文公开的任何波导本体内或波导本体上。提取零件在波导本体内和/或波导本体上可以具有相等的或不等的大小、形状和/或间距。
除了提取零件72、76、94、110、113和/或114以外,通过使用离散的镜面反射,可以控制光。旨在通过全内反射来反射光的提取零件被限制,这是因为以大于临界角的角度穿透表面的任何光会不受控制地逸出,而非在内部反射。虽然由于吸收镜面反射会造成损失,但是镜面反射不受这样的限制。在图17A至图17C中示出了光线与具有以及没有镜面发射表面的提取零件102的相互作用。图17A示出了没有反射表面的典型的提取零件76。图17B示出了在提取零件上直接形成离散的反射表面115的典型提取零件76。在每个提取零件76上形成的离散的反射表面115将通常通过提取零件76逸出的任何光导向返回波导本体74内。图17C示出了具有离散的反射表面116的提取零件76,在反射表面与提取零件之间具有气隙117。在这个实施方式中,光从表面81反射回波导本体74内或者从表面81折射出。在穿过气隙117之后,反射表面116将折射的光重新导向回波导本体74内。使用位于提取点处的不连续的反射表面降低了反射材料的成本,从而降低了波导的总成本。通过沉积、粘合、与提取零件共挤压、嵌入成型、真空金属喷镀等可以制造镜面反射表面。
参照图18至图20,波导本体120的另一实施方式包括由第一表面122和第二表面124形成的弯曲的锥形表面。与波导54的第一实施方式相似,光在波导120的第一端部128处进入输入表面126。光被发射通过第一表面122并在波导本体120的整个长度中沿着第二表面124在内部反射。波导本体120设计为在光穿过波导本体120时从第一表面122发射所有或几乎所有光。因此,在与第一端部128相对的端部表面132上,发出很少的光或者不发出光。
图20示出了沿着波导本体的宽度截取的波导本体120的横截面。在第一表面与第二表面122、124之间的距离134是沿着宽度恒定的。第一表面和第二表面122、124具有变化的轮廓,轮廓包括线性部分136和弯曲部分138。根据需要,波导本体120具有多个提取零件140,多个提取零件在表面122上均匀或不等距地间隔和/或具有相同的或不同的尺寸和/或形状。如在后文中更详细地所述,图18至图20的实施方式具有多个曲折区域(inflectionregions),多个曲折区域通过输入表面126横向于一般光路延伸。此外,与本文公开的所有实施方式中一样,该波导本体由丙烯酸材料、硅树脂、聚碳酸酯、玻璃材料等制成。
图21和图22示出了又一实施方式,其中,一系列平行的等尺寸的线性提取零件198以在波导本体202的输入表面200之间变化的距离设置在表面199中。每个提取零件198均可以是V形的和细长的,以便提取零件198从波导本体202的一侧延伸到另一侧。提取零件198之间的间距随着与输入表面200的距离而减小以使得提取零件在与端部表面204相邻处最接近。光被提取出与表面199相对的表面206。
图23示出了与图21和图22相同的实施方式,除了波导结构198是均匀间隔的并且随着与输入表面200的距离而变得更大以外。必要时,波导结构198可以在输入表面与端部表面200、204之间等距地间隔。与在图21和图22的实施方式中一样,光被提取出表面206。
图24至图27示出了具有输入表面242、端部表面244以及设置在表面242、244之间的J形体246的波导本体240的又一实施方式。波导本体240可以具有恒定的厚度,如在图24至图27中所示,或者可以具有锥形厚度,以使得输入表面242比端部表面244更厚。此外,图24至图27的实施方式优选地在波导本体240的宽度上具有恒定的厚度,尽管必要时该厚度可以沿着宽度变化。虽然应注意的是波导本体的曲率造成射入波导本体240内的光通过表面248从该波导本体240中逸出,但是必要时可以在外表面248和/或内表面250上设置一个或多个提取零件。
图28至图30示出了包括输入表面262的波导260的又一实施方式。波导本体260还包括平行的第一表面和第二表面264、266以及在线272处相交的倾斜表面268、270。进入输入表面262的光通过表面268、270逸出。
另一实施方式包括图31的弯曲的波导本体274。进入输入表面275的光穿过波导本体274,并且被导出与内表面277相对的外表面276。与本文公开的任何实施方式一样,表面276、277可以是完全光滑的,和/或可以包括如本文公开的一个或多个提取零件。此外,波导本体可以始终具有恒定的厚度(即,在表面276、277之间的尺寸),或者可以根据需要在输入表面275与端部表面278之间具有锥形的厚度。从图31的观察中应显而易见,波导本体274不仅在一个平面内弯曲,而且从上到下向内成锥形(即,横向于波导本体274的弯曲的平面)。
在圆弧具有恒定半径的情况下,在圆弧的开始处提取大部分的光,而剩余的光沿着外表面跳过。如果弯曲随着沿波导本体的距离而变得尖锐,那么在光沿着外表面跳过时,一部分光被提取。通过使圆弧向内恒定地呈螺旋形,可以沿着弯曲从圆弧的外表面等距地提取出光。这个实施方式由图32的螺旋形波导本体280示出(箭头282示出了进入波导本体280的光的一般方向以及在示图中显示的实施方式)。这些相同的原理适用于S弯曲以及在两个方向弯曲的圆弧,例如螺旋形(corkscrew,螺旋形开塞钻)。例如,在图33中示出了S形波导本体290,并且在图34中示出了螺丝锥形波导本体300。这两个波导本体中的一个或两个从输入表面到端部表面具有恒定的横截面厚度,或者在这种表面之间成锥形。表面可以是光滑的和/或可以包括如本文公开的提取零件。这些形状的优点在于,产生配合的新几何结构、产生形成光分布的新方法以及产生影响在波导形状与任何提取零件之间的相互作用的新方法。
图35至图46分别示出了波导本体310、320、330、340、350、360、370、380、390、400以及410的进一步实施方式,其中,轮廓的曲率发生改变和/或横截面形状以及厚度发生改变以产生多个效应。虽然并非必须,但是波导本体310优选地具有矩形横截面并且具有与平面314相对的弯曲表面312。弯曲表面312具有限定凸形表面312a和凹形表面312b的多个曲折区域。表面312、314均可以是光滑的和/或可以具有设置在表面内的提取零件316(与本文公开的实施方式的所有表面一样)。参照图36和图37,虽然并非必须,但是波导本体320、330优选地具有矩形横截面并且可以包括两个区段322、324(图36)或包括以相对于彼此的角度设置的三个或多个区段332、334、336(图37)。图38示出了具有一个基底部分342以及远离基底部分342延伸的3个弯曲部分344a至344c的波导本体340。虽然并非必须,但是基底部分342和弯曲部分344的横截面优选地是矩形。
图39和图40分别示出了包括基底部分352、362的波导本体350和360。图39的波导本体350包括分叉区段354a、354b,分叉区段具有远离基底部分352延伸的以凸出的方式向外弯曲的外表面356a、356b。图40的波导本体360包括分叉区段364a、364b,分叉区段具有以凸出和凹入的方式向外弯曲的外表面366a、366b。
图41至图43的波导本体370、380以及390均具有圆形或椭圆形的横截面。波导本体370、380具有两个区段372、374(图41)或三个或多个区段382、384、386(图42)。虽然并非必须,但是图43的波导本体390优选地具有圆形或椭圆形横截面形状,并且如本文公开的任何波导本体一样(或本文公开的任何波导本体的任何区段或部分)从输入表面392到输出表面394成锥形。
图44和图44A的波导本体400的横截面大体上是蘑菇形的,包括横截面可以是圆形的基底区段402以及圆形盖体区段404。提取零件406可以位于盖体区段404内。可以从盖体表面408中发射光。
图45和图46示出了横截面形状可以根据需要进一步变化。因此,例如,横截面形状可以是由波导本体410示出的三角形或任何其他形状。必要时,任何波导本体可以是空心的,如在图45A中示出的波导本体412所示,这与图45的波导本体410相同,除了三角形凹槽414完全延伸穿过其中以外。图46示出了限定复杂横截面形状的大体正弦外表面422、424。
图50示出了波导本体440,虽然并非必须,但是该波导本体优选地是平坦的并且始终具有恒定的厚度。光由第一光源和第二光源56a、56b被导向到相对的输入表面442a、442b内并且横向穿过波导本体440,每个光源均包括例如一个或多个LED并且分别包括共同形成波导的耦合光学部件52a、52b。可以与提取零件76或本文公开的任何其他提取零件相似或相同的提取零件444设置在表面446中。如图51中所示,由光源56a、56b形成的光被导向出与表面446相对的表面448。如图50中所示,提取零件444的密度和/或尺寸在接近输入表面442a、442b的区域处较低,并且密度和/或尺寸在中间区域450处较大。可替代地或者此外,提取零件的形状可以在表面446上变化。从而获得期望的光分布,例如均匀的光分布。
与在其他实施方式中一样,提取零件可以根据需要设置在其他位置处,例如设置在表面448中。
图52示出了二维弯曲的波导本体460。具体而言,波导本体460不仅沿着输入表面462与端部表面464之间的长度弯曲,而且沿着端部表面466、468之间的宽度弯曲。优选地,虽然并非必须,但是波导本体还在输入表面462与端部表面464之间成锥形,并且示出为具有光滑的表面,虽然可以在相对的表面470、472中的一个或两个上设置一个或多个提取零件。
图53至图55示出了还在多维中弯曲的波导本体490。输入表面492设置在第一端部处,并且光传播到第一和第二(或更多)区段493、494中。每个区段493、494均成锥形,并且沿着区段的长度和宽度弯曲。光被向下导向出波导本体490,如在图53中所示。
图56示出了多种可替代的提取零件形状。具体而言,提取零件550、552分别包括凸圆形和凹圆形结构。提取零件554、556分别包括向外延伸和向内延伸的三角形形状(提取零件556与上述提取零件76相似或相同)。提取零件558、560分别包括向外延伸和向内延伸的倒三角形形状。图57示出了包括任意或所有提取零件550-560的波导本体570。提取零件的尺寸和/或密度根据需要可以是恒定的或可变的。
可替代地或者此外,提取零件可以具有题为“光波导及结合该光波导的发光体(OpticalWaveguideandLuminaireIncorporatingSame)”的共同审理的美国专利申请序列号13/840,563的任何形状,该申请由本申请(代理人案号P2025US1)的受让人拥有并且与本申请同时提交,其公开内容明确通过引用结合于此。
必要时,一个或多个提取零件可以完全延伸穿过本文描述的任何波导本体,例如图17D中所示。具体而言,提取零件76可以具有有限的横向范围(以便不损害波导本体的物理整体性),并且还可完全延伸穿过波导本体74。这种提取零件在本文描述的任何波导本体的端部表面处或附近可以特别有用。
接下来参照图60和图61,另一实施方式包括波导本体580和多个光源,多个光源可以包括LED582a至582d。虽然示出了4个LED,但是可以使用任何数量的LED来代替。LED582将光径向导向到波导本体580内。在示出的实施方式中,波导本体580是圆形的,但是波导本体580可以是例如本文所述的任何其他形状的,例如方形、矩形、弯曲的等。如在图61中所示,并且与在前述实施方式中一样,波导本体580包括一个或多个提取零件583,这些提取零件围绕LED设置在同心和同轴区段583a-583d内以辅助光提取。提取零件与题为“光波导及结合该光波导的发光体(OpticalWaveguideandLuminaireIncorporatingSame)”的共同审理的美国专利申请序列号13/840,563(代理人案号P2025US1)的提取零件相似或相同,该申请通过引用结合于此。可以从相对的表面584、586中的一个或多个中发生光提取。此外,根据需要,表面586可以成锥形的,并且表面584可以是平直的,或者这两个表面584、586可以成锥形或者具有另一种形状。
图62和图63示出了又一波导本体590和多个光源,这些光源可以包括LED592a-592d。虽然示出了4个LED,但是可以使用任何数量的LED来代替。在示出的实施方式中,虽然波导本体590是圆形的,但是可以是包括本文公开的形状的任何其他形状。由LED形成的光被轴向向下导向,如图63中所示。向下导向的光被波导本体590的倾斜表面594通过全内反射径向向内转移。波导本体590包括一个或多个提取零件595,这些提取零件与图60和图61的提取零件相似或相同并且相对于LED592a-592d设置在同心和同轴部分595a-595d内,也与图62和图63的实施方式中一样。光被提取零件595导向出相对的表面596、598中的一个或多个。必要时,根据需要表面598可以与表面596一起成锥形,和/或表面596可以是平直的。
在图64和图65中示出了波导本体600的又一实施方式。波导本体600具有基底部分602以及向外张开的主发光部分604。基底部分可以具有选择的内耦合腔606,内耦合腔包括盲孔,盲孔中设置了一个或多个LED610的形式的一个或多个光源(图65)。必要时可以省略内耦合腔606,并且由LED610形成的光可以通过气隙被导入到平坦的或其他形状的输入表面614内。波导本体600由任何合适的光透射材料制成,与在前述实施方式中一样。由LED形成的光穿过主发光部分604并且从射出内弯曲表面616。
图66示出了与图64和图65相同的实施方式,除了以下内容以外:内耦合腔包括完全延伸穿过基底部分602的孔617,并且包括一个或多个LED610的一个或多个光源从与在图64和图65中示出的外端相对的内端延伸到孔617内。此外,包括高度反射的锥形插头构件618的光分流器设置在孔617的外端内。插头构件618可以包括基底凸缘619,该凸缘由任何合适的装置(例如粘合剂)固定至波导本体600的外表面,以使得锥形部分620延伸到孔617内。必要时,可以省略基底凸缘619,并且插头构件618的外径可以略微大于孔617的直径,从而插头构件618可以压入配合或摩擦配合到孔617内和/或由粘合剂或其他方式固定。此外,必要时锥形插头构件618可以与波导本体600成为一体,而非与波导本体分开。此外,必要时一个或多个LED610可以与波导本体600成为一体。在示出的实施方式中,插头构件618可以由白色聚碳酸酯或任何其他合适的材料制成,例如丙烯酸、模制的硅树脂、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、乙酰树脂。使用任何合适的应用方法(例如气相沉积工艺),该材料可以涂有反光银或其他金属或材料。
由一个或多个LED形成的光在锥形部分620上入射并且通过基底部分602横向转移。然后,光穿过主发光部分604并且射出内弯曲表面616。在题为“光波导及结合该光波导的发光体(OpticalWaveguideandLuminaireIncorporatingSame)”的共同审理的美国专利申请序列号13/840,563(代理人案号P2025US1)中,提供关于光透射和提取的额外细节,该申请通过引用结合到本文中。
在图64至图66中示出的任一实施方式中,本文公开的额外的提取零件可以设置在波导本体600的任何或所有表面上。
波导本体和提取零件能够具有其他形状。使这些形状组合,叠加了这些形状的效果,并且进一步改变了波导本体光分布。通常,本文公开的波导本体形状可以包括一个或多个拐点或区域,其中,表面的曲率半径突然改变或者逐渐地改变。在波导本体具有多个曲折区域的情况下,曲折区域可以横向于通过波导本体的光路(例如图18-20中所示)、沿着通过波导本体的光路(例如图33中所示)或者包括这两者(例如,由图67至图69的波导本体640示出或者通过组合具有曲折区域的波导本体)。此外,连续的曲折区域可以在正方向与负方向之间倒转(例如可以在凸表面与凹表面之间过渡)。本发明预期具有单个曲折区域和多个曲折区域的各种组合,其中,曲折区域沿着通过这个波导本体或多个波导本体的光路或者横向于该光路。
再次参照图1和图3A,由一个或多个LED56形成的光透射通过耦合光学部件52。必要时,气隙设置在LED56与耦合光学部件52之间。可以提供任何合适的设备以将光源56与耦合光学部件52安装成期望的关系。耦合光学部件52尽可能接近光源56地对光进行混合以提高效率,并控制从光源56到波导本体内的光分布。在使用如上所述的弯曲的波导本体时,耦合光学部件52可以控制光线透射弯曲表面的角度,这造成在弯曲表面处受控制的内部反射或提取。
可替代地或者此外,必要时光可以通过至少部分或完全包围每个或所有LED的镜面反射器传播到耦合光学部件52内。
如图58和图59中所示,示出了具有耦合光学部件本体601的耦合光学部件600的另一实施方式。耦合光学部件适于与任何合适类型的至少一个并且优选地多个LED一起使用。耦合光学部件本体601包括多个输入腔602a、602b、…...、602N,每个输入腔与多个LED(在图58和图59中未示出,但是与图1的LED56相同或相似)相关联并且从多个LED中接收光。输入腔602彼此相同并且在耦合光学部件600的宽度上彼此相邻地设置成一线。如图59中所示,每个输入腔602(例如输入腔602b)包括分别由弧形上下边缘表面608a、608b包围的近似跑道形的壁606。弯曲表面610在耦合光学部件600的上边缘表面608a与平坦的上表面612之间成锥形。与弯曲表面610相同的另一弯曲表面在耦合光学部件600的下边缘表面608b与平坦的下表面之间成锥形。
中心突出部614设置在由壁606限定的凹部616内。中心突出部614由弯曲的壁区段617a-617d限定。另一近似跑道形的壁618设置在突出部614的中心部分内并在基底表面620处终止,以形成另一凹部622。与输入腔602b相关联的LED以任何合适的方式相对于输入腔602b安装,以便LED延伸到另一凹部622内,在LED与基底表面620之间具有气隙。LED布置成使得由LED发射的光被导向到耦合光学部件600中。必要时,反射器(未示出)可以设置在LED之后和/或周围以提高耦合效率。此外,根据需要,任何表面可以涂有或者另外形成有反射表面。
例如在多于一个LED连接至波导本体的实施方式(例如图58和图59中示出的实施方式)中,耦合光学部件600可以减少LED的光锥之间的盲区。耦合光学部件600还可以控制光锥叠加的方式,这在使用不同颜色的LED时尤其重要。光混合被有利地实现以便尽可能减少点光源的外观。
如图1和图12中所示,耦合光学引导件52将由光源56发射的光引入波导54中。光源56设置为与具有锥形的耦合光学部件82相邻以引导光穿过耦合光学引导件52。将耦合光学部件82放置在耦合光学引导件52内,抵靠形成在与耦合光学引导件52的输出表面62相对的正面86上的弯曲的凹口84。将光源56放置在弯曲的凹口84内的耦合光学引导件52的外面。在光源56与凹口84之间的气隙85允许在光进入耦合光学部件82之前混合光。两个成角度的侧面88、正面86以及输出表面62可以由塑料材料制成,并且涂有反射材料。耦合光学引导件52是空心的并且填充有空气。
本文特别地包括本公开的其他实施方式,包括每个上述实施方式和实例的单独的特征的所有可能不同的以及各种组合。
工业实用性
本文描述的波导元件可以单独使用或者相结合地使用。具体而言,具有或没有离散的提取零件的平直的、弯曲的或者其他形状的波导本体可以与本文描述的任何耦合光学部件和光源相结合。在任何情况下,可以获得期望的光输出分布。
鉴于以上描述,对于本领域的技术人员,本公开的多个修改显而易见。因此,本说明书仅理解为说明性的,并且提供本说明书以用于允许本领域的技术人员做出并使用本公开并且教导执行本公开的最佳模式的目的。

Claims (96)

1.一种光波导本体,所述光波导本体包括:
第一弯曲表面,所述第一弯曲表面在输入表面与端部表面之间延伸;
第二表面,所述第二表面与所述第一表面相对;
其中,所述输入表面具有设置在所述第一表面与所述第二表面之间的第一厚度;并且
其中,所述端部表面具有设置在所述第一表面与所述第二表面之间的第二厚度,所述第二厚度小于所述第一厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,其中,光被发射通过所述第一表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光波导本体,其中,光沿着所述第一表面和所述第二表面在内部反射。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,其中,所述第一厚度是大约6mm,所述第二厚度是大约2mm,并且所述第一表面具有大约200mm的曲率半径。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光波导具有介于所述输入表面与所述端部表面之间的长度,并具有横向于所述长度的宽度,其中,所述第一表面与所述第二表面之间的距离沿着所述宽度是恒定的,并且其中,所述第二表面是弯曲的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还包括至少一个提取零件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光波导本体,其中,所述至少一个提取零件位于所述本体内。
8.根据权利要求6所述的光波导本体,其中,所述至少一个提取零件位于所述本体的外表面上。
9.根据权利要求6所述的光波导本体,其中,所述至少一个提取零件是具有平行边的成角度的凹槽。
10.根据权利要求6所述的光波导本体,还包括反射表面。
11.根据权利要求10所述的光波导本体,其中,所述反射表面设置为与所述至少一个提取零件相邻。
12.根据权利要求6所述的光波导本体,其中,所述提取零件包括阶梯状零件。
13.根据权利要求12所述的光波导本体,其中,所述阶梯状零件形成在所述第一表面上。
14.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还包括位于所述第一表面上的提取零件的阵列。
15.根据权利要求14所述的光波导本体,其中,所述提取零件具有在所述第一表面上变化的尺寸。
16.根据权利要求14所述的光波导本体,还包括与至少一个提取零件相邻的至少一个反射表面。
17.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,与耦合光学部件相结合。
18.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还与光源相结合。
19.根据权利要求18所述的结合,其中,所述输入表面包括凹口,并且其中,所述光源与所述凹口之间设置有气隙。
20.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在所述第一表面上的不等距地间隔的提取零件。
21.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在所述第一表面上的具有不同尺寸的提取零件。
22.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在所述第一表面上的具有不同形状的提取零件。
23.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在所述第一表面上的等距地间隔的提取零件。
24.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在所述第一表面上的具有相同尺寸的提取零件。
25.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在所述第一表面上的具有相同形状的提取零件。
26.根据权利要求1所述的光波导本体,其中,所述本体由选自包括丙烯酸材料、硅树脂、聚碳酸酯以及玻璃材料的组的材料制成。
27.一种波导本体,所述波导本体包括:
光透射材料的本体,所述光透射材料的本体具有输入表面以用于光沿着光路进入所述光透射材料的本体内,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是弯曲的并且具有横向于所述光路延伸的曲折区域。
28.根据权利要求27所述的波导本体,其中,所述材料的本体还包括沿着所述光路延伸的额外的曲折区域。
29.根据权利要求27所述的波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体从所述输入表面到与所述输入表面相对的端部表面成锥形。
30.根据权利要求27所述的波导本体,还包括横向于所述光路延伸的额外的曲折区域。
31.根据权利要求27所述的波导本体,还包括设置在所述光透射材料的本体上的多个提取零件。
32.根据权利要求27所述的波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体弯曲并在所述输入表面与和所述输入表面相对的端部表面之间成锥形。
33.根据权利要求32所述的光波导本体,其中,所述本体由选自包括丙烯酸材料、硅树脂、聚碳酸酯以及玻璃材料的组的材料制成。
34.一种波导本体,所述波导本体包括:
光透射材料的本体,所述光透射材料的本体具有输入表面以用于光沿着光路进入所述光透射材料的本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是弯曲的并且具有多个曲折区域。
35.根据权利要求34所述的波导本体,其中,所述多个曲折区域横向于所述光路延伸。
36.根据权利要求34所述的波导本体,其中,所述多个曲折区域沿着所述光路延伸。
37.根据权利要求34所述的波导本体,其中,第一数量的所述多个曲折区域横向于所述光路延伸,并且第二数量的所述多个曲折区域沿着所述光路延伸。
38.根据权利要求34所述的波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体弯曲并在所述输入表面与和所述输入表面相对的端部表面之间成锥形。
39.根据权利要求34所述的波导本体,还包括设置在所述光透射材料的本体上的提取零件。
40.根据权利要求34所述的波导本体,还包括设置在所述光透射材料的本体内的提取零件。
41.根据权利要求34所述的波导本体,还包括由所述光透射材料的本体承载的提取零件。
42.根据权利要求41所述的波导本体,其中,提取零件包括具有平行边的凹槽。
43.根据权利要求42所述的波导本体,其中,所述平行边是线性的。
44.根据权利要求41所述的波导本体,其中,提取零件包括具有曲边的凹槽。
45.根据权利要求41所述的波导本体,其中,提取零件包括分段式凹槽。
46.根据权利要求41所述的波导本体,其中,提取零件完全延伸穿过所述光透射材料的本体。
47.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在从所述输入表面延伸的表面上的不等距地间隔的提取零件。
48.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在从所述输入表面延伸的表面上的具有不同尺寸的提取零件。
49.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在从所述输入表面延伸的表面上的具有不同形状的提取零件。
50.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在从所述输入表面延伸的表面上的等距地间隔的提取零件。
51.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在从所述输入表面延伸的表面上的具有相同尺寸的提取零件。
52.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,还包括设置在从所述输入表面延伸的表面上的具有相同形状的提取零件。
53.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体在平面内弯曲并且在横向于弯曲的平面的方向上成锥形。
54.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是螺旋形的。
55.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是S形的。
56.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是螺丝锥形的。
56.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体包括凸表面和凹表面。
57.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体包括相对于彼此以角度设置的至少两个区段。
58.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体包括相对于彼此以角度设置的至少三个区段。
59.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体包括基底部分以及远离所述基底部分延伸的另外的区段。
60.根据权利要求59所述的光波导本体,其中,所述另外的区段是弯曲的。
61.根据权利要求59所述的光波导本体,其中,所述另外的区段向外延伸。
62.根据权利要求59所述的光波导本体,其中,所述另外的区段彼此分叉。
63.根据权利要求59所述的光波导本体,其中,所述另外的区段以凸和凹的方式向外弯曲。
64.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体的横截面是圆形的。
65.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体的横截面是椭圆形的。
66.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体的横截面是三角形的。
67.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是空心的。
68.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是蘑菇形的。
69.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体具有正弦形外表面。
70.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体在二维中弯曲。
71.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体包括基底部分和向外张开的主发光部分。
72.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,其中,所述光透射材料的本体由选自包括丙烯酸材料、硅树脂、聚碳酸酯以及玻璃材料的组的材料制成。
73.根据权利要求34所述的光波导本体,与耦合光学部件相结合。
74.根据权利要求73所述的结合,与设置在所述耦合光学部件的近端处的多个LED相结合。
75.根据权利要求74所述的结合,其中,所述耦合光学部件包括多个相同的输入腔,每个输入腔均与LED相关联。
76.根据权利要求75所述的结合,其中,每个输入腔由近似跑道形的壁限定。
77.根据权利要求76所述的结合,其中,每个输入腔还由设置在所述近似跑道形的壁内的中心突出部限定。
78.根据权利要求77所述的结合,其中,在所述中心突出部内由另一近似跑道形的壁限定另一凹部。
79.根据权利要求78所述的结合,其中,在所述另一凹部内设置有相关联的LED。
80.根据权利要求79所述的结合,其中,在所述LED与还限定所述另一凹部的基底表面之间设置有气隙。
81.一种波导,所述波导包括:
光透射材料的本体;
多个LED,所述多个LED围绕所述光透射材料的本体间隔,以使得由所述多个LED形成的光被导向通过所述光透射材料的本体的输入边缘表面;以及
提取零件,所述提取零件由所述光透射材料的本体承载以用于将由所述多个LED形成的光导向到所述光透射材料的本体外。
82.根据权利要求81所述的波导,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是矩形的。
83.根据权利要求82所述的波导,其中,所述LED形成由每个LED导向而横向地通过所述光透射材料的本体的光。
84.根据权利要求83所述的波导,其中,所述提取零件的密度在所述光透射材料的本体的外边缘处相对低并且在所述光透射材料的本体的中间区域处相对大。
85.根据权利要求84所述的波导,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是大体上平坦的。
86.根据权利要求81所述的波导,其中,所述光透射材料的本体是圆形的。
87.根据权利要求86所述的波导,其中,所述提取零件设置在第一表面内,并且光被导向到所述光透射材料的本体的第二表面外。
88.根据权利要求87所述的波导,其中,所述LED形成由每个LED径向地导向而横向地通过所述光透射材料的本体的光。
89.根据权利要求87所述的波导,其中,所述LED形成由每个LED轴向地导向并由锥形表面反射而通过所述光透射材料的本体的光。
90.一种耦合光学部件,所述耦合光学部件包括:
耦合光学部件本体,所述耦合光学部件本体包括多个输入腔,每个输入腔由壁限定,其中,在每个输入腔内设置有突出部,并且其中,在每个突出部内设置有凹部,
其中,每个突出部的凹部适于接收相关联的LED。
91.根据权利要求90所述的耦合光学部件,与设置在所述耦合光学部件的近端处的多个LED相结合。
92.根据权利要求91所述的结合,其中,所述每个凹部均由基底表面限定,并且在LED与所述基底表面之间设置有气隙。
93.根据权利要求90所述的耦合光学部件,其中,所述输入腔彼此相同。
94.根据权利要求93所述的耦合光学部件,其中,每个输入腔由近似跑道形的壁限定。
95.根据权利要求94所述的耦合光学部件,其中,所述凹部由另一近似跑道形的壁限定在中心突出部内。
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