CN104871312A - 半导体装置 - Google Patents

半导体装置 Download PDF

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CN104871312A
CN104871312A CN201280077788.5A CN201280077788A CN104871312A CN 104871312 A CN104871312 A CN 104871312A CN 201280077788 A CN201280077788 A CN 201280077788A CN 104871312 A CN104871312 A CN 104871312A
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semiconductor substrate
diode
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electrode
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亀山悟
木村圭佑
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Abstract

本发明公开一种半导体装置,其为IGBT区域和二极管区域被形成在同一半导体基板上的半导体装置。IGBT区域具备集电层、IGBT漂移层、体层、栅电极、发射层。二极管区域具备阴极层、二极管漂移层、阳极层、沟槽电极、阳极接触层。二极管区域通过栅电极或沟槽电极而被划分为单位二极管区域。在与IGBT区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在俯视观察半导体基板的表面时,阳极层与阳极接触层混合地被配置,并且至少在隔着栅电极而与发射层对置的位置处配置有阳极接触层。

Description

半导体装置
技术领域
本说明书中记载的技术涉及一种半导体装置。
背景技术
在日本专利公开公报2012-43890号中,公开了一种IGBT(InsulatedGate Bipolar Transistor,绝缘栅双极型晶体管)区域与二极管区域被形成在同一半导体基板上的半导体装置。在半导体基板的表面上设置有表面电极,在半导体基板的背面上设置有背面电极。IGBT区域具备:第一导电型的集电层,其与背面电极相接;第二导电型的IGBT漂移层,其相对于集电层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧;第一导电型的体层,其相对于IGBT漂移层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且与表面电极相接;栅电极,其被配置于从半导体基板的表面起到达至IGBT漂移层的沟槽的内部,并且通过绝缘膜而与半导体基板和表面电极绝缘;第二导电型的发射层,其局部地设置在体层与表面电极之间,并且与栅电极的绝缘膜和表面电极相接。二极管区域具备:较高的第二导电型的阴极层,其与背面电极相接;第二导电型的二极管漂移层,其相对于阴极层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且杂质浓度与阴极层相比较低;第一导电型的阳极层,其相对于二极管漂移层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且与表面电极相接;沟槽电极,其被配置于从半导体基板的表面起到达至二极管漂移层的沟槽的内部,并且通过绝缘膜而与半导体基板绝缘;第一导电型的阳极接触层,其被设置在阳极层与表面电极之间,并与表面电极相接,且杂质浓度与阳极层相比较高。二极管区域通过栅电极或沟槽电极,而被划分为单位二极管区域。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
当在二极管区域中阳极接触层被形成为较广时,在二极管动作时,从阳极接触层向二极管漂移层的空穴注入量将变多,从而开关元件损耗将增大。因此,为了改善二极管动作时的开关元件损耗,而优选降低在二极管区域中阳极接触层所占的比例。但是,若单纯地缩小阳极接触层,则在二极管动作时,由于栅极干扰而引起的正向电压的变动将会变大。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明公开了一种IGBT区域和二极管区域被形成在同一半导体基板上的半导体装置。在半导体基板的表面上设置有表面电极,在半导体基板的背面上设置有背面电极。IGBT区域具备:第一导电型的集电层,其与背面电极相接;第二导电型的IGBT漂移层,其相对于集电层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧;第一导电型的体层,其相对于IGBT漂移层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且与表面电极相接;栅电极,其被配置于从半导体基板的表面起到达至IGBT漂移层的沟槽的内部,并且通过绝缘膜而与半导体基板和表面电极绝缘;第二导电型的发射层,其局部地设置在体层与表面电极之间,并且与栅电极的绝缘膜和表面电极相接。二极管区域具备:较高的第二导电型的阴极层,其与背面电极相接;第二导电型的二极管漂移层,其相对于阴极层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且杂质浓度与阴极层相比较低;第一导电型的阳极层,其相对于二极管漂移层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且与表面电极相接;沟槽电极,其被配置于从半导体基板的表面起到达至二极管漂移层的沟槽的内部,并且通过绝缘膜而与半导体基板绝缘;第一导电型的阳极接触层,其局部地被设置在阳极层与表面电极之间,并与表面电极相接,且杂质浓度与阳极层相比较高。二极管区域通过栅电极或沟槽电极而被划分为单位二极管区域。在与IGBT区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在俯视观察半导体基板的表面时,阳极层与阳极接触层混合地被配置,并且至少在隔着栅电极而与发射层对置的位置处被配置有阳极接触层。
在上述的半导体装置中,在与IGBT区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,阳极接触层并没有全面地被形成,而是局部地被形成。通过采用这种的结构,从而减少了二极管动作时的从阳极接触层向二极管漂移层的空穴的注入量。从而能够提升二极管区域的反向恢复特性,进而降低开关元件损耗。
另外,根据上述的半导体装置,能够抑制二极管动作时的栅极干扰的影响。即,即使在二极管动作时,栅极电压被施加在IGBT区域的栅电极上,而在栅电极的附近形成连接发射层和IGBT漂移层的沟道的情况下,由于在与IGBT区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在隔着栅电极而与发射层对置的位置处形成有阳极接触层,因此能够抑制因沟道的形成而引起的空穴的减少。由此,能够抑制二极管动作时的因栅极干扰而引起的正向电压的变动。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所涉及的半导体装置的俯视图。
图2为图1的Ⅱ-Ⅱ线剖视图。
图3为图1的Ⅲ-Ⅲ线剖视图。
图4为改变例所涉及的半导体装置的俯视图。
图5为改变例所涉及的半导体装置的俯视图。
图6为改变例所涉及的半导体装置的俯视图。
图7为改变例所涉及的半导体装置的俯视图。
具体实施方式
本说明书所公开的半导体装置能够构成为,在与IGBT区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在俯视观察半导体基板的表面时,在栅电极延伸的方向上,阳极接触层与阳极层交替地被配置。
根据上述的半导体装置,能够在与IGBT区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在隔着栅电极而与发射层对置的位置处使阳极接触层存留,并且在单位二极管区域中减少阳极接触层所占的比例。
本说明书所公开的半导体装置能够构成为,在与IGBT区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在俯视观察半导体基板的表面时,在与栅电极延伸的方向正交的方向上,在栅电极的附近配置有阳极接触层,在单位二极管区域的中央配置有阳极层。
根据上述的半导体装置,能够在与IGBT区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在隔着栅电极而与发射层对置的位置处使阳极接触层存留,并且在单位二极管区域中减少阳极接触层所占的比例。
实施例
图1~图3中所示的半导体装置2为,IGBT与二极管被形成在同一半导体基板4上的RC-IGBT(反向导通型绝缘栅双极型晶体管)。另外,图1所示的俯视图中省略了被形成在半导体基板4的表面上的表面电极6的图示,而图示了半导体基板4的表面。此外,半导体装置2中,多个IGBT区域与多个二极管区域交替地被配置,并具有多个IGBT区域与二极管区域的边界。图1~图3图示了多个IGBT区域与二极管区域的边界中的一个,半导体装置2的多个边界均具有与图1~图3相同的结构。
半导体装置2具备:半导体基板4;形成于半导体基板4的表面侧的虚设栅8、绝缘栅10以及表面绝缘膜12;与半导体基板4的表面相接的表面电极6;与半导体基板4的背面相接的背面电极14。虚设栅8与绝缘栅10以大致固定的间隔被形成于半导体基板4中。半导体基板4具备二极管区域16与IGBT区域18。
如图2以及图3所示,二极管区域16中形成有:由杂质浓度较高的p型半导体构成的阳极接触层20;由p型半导体构成的阳极层22;由杂质浓度较低的n型半导体构成的漂移层24;由n型半导体构成的缓冲层26;由杂质浓度较高的n型半导体构成的阴极层28。阳极接触层20、阳极层22在半导体基板4的表面上露出,并与表面电极6接触。阳极接触层20局部地被形成在阳极层22的表层部分。漂移层24被形成在阳极层22的背面上。缓冲层26被形成在漂移层24的背面上。阴极层28被形成在缓冲层26的背面上。阴极层28在半导体基板4的背面上露出,并与背面电极14接触。
在IGBT区域18中形成有:由杂质浓度较高的p型半导体构成的体接触层30;由杂质浓度较高的n型半导体构成的发射层32;由p型半导体构成的体层34;由杂质浓度较低的n型半导体构成的漂移层24;由n型半导体构成的缓冲层26;由杂质浓度较高的p型半导体构成的集电层36。体接触层30、发射层32、体层34在半导体基板4的表面上露出,并与表面电极6接触。体接触层30以及发射层32局部地被形成在体层34的表层部分。漂移层24被形成于体层34的背面上。缓冲层26被形成于漂移层24的背面上。集电层36被形成于缓冲层26的背面上。集电层36在半导体基板4的背面上露出,并与背面电极14接触。
在半导体装置2中,二极管区域16的漂移层24(也称为二极管漂移层)与IGBT区域18的漂移层24(也称为IGBT漂移层)作为共同的层而被形成。在半导体装置2中,二极管区域16的缓冲层26与IGBT区域18的缓冲层26作为共同的层而被形成。此外,在半导体装置2中,二极管区域16的阳极层22与IGBT区域18的体层34作为共同的层而被形成。换言之,二极管区域16的阳极层22与IGBT区域18的体层34的、距半导体基板4的表面的深度和杂质浓度相同。
虚设栅8在二极管区域16中,从半导体基板4的表面侧起贯穿阳极层22并到达漂移层24的内部。虚设栅8具备:虚设栅绝缘膜40,其形成于在半导体基板4的表面侧所形成的沟槽38的内侧;虚设栅电极42,其被虚设栅绝缘膜40覆盖并被填充在沟槽38内。虚设栅电极42与表面电极6相接触,并与表面电极6电连接。
绝缘栅10在IGBT区域18中,从半导体基板4的表面侧起贯穿体层34,并到达漂移层24的内部。绝缘栅10具备:栅绝缘膜46,其被形成于在半导体基板4的表面侧所形成的沟槽44的内壁上;栅电极48,其被栅绝缘膜46覆盖并被填充在沟槽44内。栅电极48通过表面绝缘膜12而与表面电极6隔离。栅电极48与未图示的栅电极端子电连接。
二极管区域16由通过虚设栅8的沟槽38或绝缘栅10的沟槽44而被划分出的多个单位二极管区域构成。IGBT区域18由通过绝缘栅10的沟槽44而被划分出的多个单位IGBT区域构成。下面,特别地,将与IGBT区域18邻接的单位二极管区域标记为单位二极管区域16a,并将与单位二极管区域16a邻接的单位IGBT区域标记为单位IGBT区域18a。
下面,对如图1所示那样从俯视观察半导体基板4时的配置的特征进行陈述。在IGBT区域18中,发射层32在被并列配置的两个绝缘栅10之间,以在相对于绝缘栅10延伸的方向(图中的Y方向)而正交的方向(图中的X方向)上从一个绝缘栅10延伸至另一个绝缘栅10的方式而被配置。俯视观察半导体基板4时,体层34通过绝缘栅10和发射层32而被划分为矩形的范围,体接触层30被配置于所划分出的体层34的中央附近。在二极管区域16中,阳极接触层20仅被配置在靠近绝缘栅10或虚设栅8的区域中。阳极接触层20仅被配置于在IGBT区域18中发射层32延伸的方向的延长线上。即,在与IGBT区域18邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,阳极接触层20被配置在隔着绝缘栅10而与邻接于单位二极管区域16a的单位IGBT区域18a的发射层32对置的位置处。在本实施例中,在与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,在绝缘栅10的附近,在绝缘栅10延伸的方向(图中的Y方向)上,阳极接触层20与阳极层22交替地被配置。另外,在本实施例中,在与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,在与绝缘栅10延伸的方向正交的方向(图中的X方向)上,在绝缘栅10的附近配置有阳极接触层20,在单位二极管区域16a的中央配置有阳极层22。
将阳极接触层20作为阳极层22的一部分而把握时,在与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,隔着绝缘栅10而与发射层32对置的位置处的阳极层22的杂质浓度与该单位二极管区域16a中的阳极层22的平均的杂质浓度相比较高。或者,在绝缘栅10延伸的方向(Y方向)上,与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中的阳极层22的杂质浓度在隔着绝缘栅10而与发射层32对置的位置处具有极大值。
在本实施例的半导体装置2中,在与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,隔着绝缘栅10而与发射层32对置的位置处,形成有阳极接触层20。通过设为这样的结构,从而能够防止在半导体装置2进行IGBT动作,IGBT区域18从导通被切换至断开时,蓄积在单位二极管区域16a的漂移层24中的空穴集中向单位IGBT区域18a的体接触层30流通的情况。通过抑制单位IGBT区域18a切断时的向体接触层30的空穴电流,从而抑制因发射层32而引起的闭锁(latch up),由此能够提高半导体装置2的RBSOA(reverse bias operating area,反向偏置安全工作区)耐量。
另外,在本实施例的半导体装置2中,能够抑制二极管动作时的栅极干扰的影响。即,即使在二极管动作时,栅极电压被施加在单位IGBT区域18a的栅电极48上,而在绝缘栅10的附近形成连接发射层32与漂移层24的沟道的情况下,由于在单位二极管区域16a的隔着绝缘栅10而与发射层32对置的位置处形成有阳极接触层20,因此能够抑制因沟道的形成而引起的空穴的减少。由此,能够抑制二极管动作时的因栅极干扰而导致的正向电压的变动。
在本实施例的半导体装置2中,在与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,阳极接触层20并没有全面地被形成,而是局部地被形成。通过设为这种结构,从而减少了二极管动作时的从阳极接触层20向漂移层24的空穴的注入量。由此能够提高二极管区域16的反向恢复特性,进而降低开关元件损耗。
(改变例)
二极管区域16中的阳极接触层20的配置并不限定于上述的实施例。例如,也可以如图4所示的改变例的半导体装置50那样,阳极接触层20以在与绝缘栅10或虚设栅8延伸的方向(图中Y方向)正交的方向(图中的X方向)上延伸的方式被配置。在图4所示的改变例中,阳极接触层20仅被配置于在IGBT区域18中发射层32延伸的方向的延长线上。在图4所示的改变例中,在与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,在绝缘栅10延伸的方向(图中的Y方向)上,阳极接触层20与阳极层22交替地被配置。
或者,也可以如图5所示的改变例的半导体装置52那样,阳极接触层20被形成为具有局部的开口的梯子状。在图5所示的改变例中,在与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,在单位二极管区域16a的中央,在绝缘栅10延伸的方向(图中的Y方向)上,阳极接触层20与阳极层22交替地被配置。此外,在图5所示的改变例中,在与单位IGBT区域18a邻接的单位二极管区域16a中,在与绝缘栅10延伸的方向正交的方向(图中的X方向)上,在绝缘栅10的附近配置有阳极接触层20,在单位二极管区域16a的中央配置有阳极层22。
IGBT区域18中的发射层32的配置并不限定于上述的实施例。例如,也可以如图6所示的改变例的半导体装置54那样,发射层32被配置为格子状。或者,也可以如图7所示的改变例的半导体装置56那样,发射层32被配置为具有局部的开口的梯子状。在图6所示的改变例中,二极管区域16的阳极接触层20被配置在隔着绝缘栅10而与发射层32对置的位置处。在图7所示的改变例中,二极管区域16的阳极接触层20在靠近绝缘栅10或虚设栅8的位置处,以与绝缘栅10或虚设栅8延伸的方向(Y方向)平行地延伸的方式而被配置。
参照附图对本发明的代表性且非限定性的具体示例进行了详细说明。该详细说明只是旨在将用于实施本发明的优选示例的详细内容向本领域技术人员示出,而并非旨在对本发明的范围进行限定。此外,被公开的追加特征以及发明能够与其他的特征和发明分开或一起使用,以提供进一步被改善的半导体装置。
此外,在上述的详细说明中被公开的特征和工序的组合并不是在最广泛的意义上实施本发明时所必须的,而只不过是用于特别地对本发明的代表性的具体示例进行说明而被记载的。另外,上述的代表性的具体示例的各种特征以及权利要求书中所记载的各种特征,在提供本发明的追加的且有用的实施方式时,并非必须如在此所记载的具体示例那样或者如被列举的顺序那样来进行组合。
本说明书以及/或权利要求书中所记载的所有特征旨在独立于实施例以及/或权利要求书中所记载的特征的结构,作为对申请原始的公开以及权利要求书中所记载的特定事项的限定,而单独地且相互独立地被公开。另外,关于所有数值范围以及组或集合的记载作为对申请原始的公开以及权利要求中所记载的特定事项的限定,而具有将这些数值范围以及组或集合的中间内容的结构公开的意图。
以上,虽然对本发明的具体示例进行了详细说明,但这些只不过是示例,而并不对权利要求书进行限定。在权利要求书所记载的技术中,包括对上文所例示的具体示例进行了各种的变形、变更的内容。在本说明书或附图中所说明的技术要素以单独或各种组合的方式来发挥技术上的有用性,并不限定于申请时权利要求所记载的组合。此外,本说明书或附图所例示的技术能够同时实现多个目的,并且实现其中一个目的本身也具有技术上的有用性。

Claims (3)

1.一种半导体装置,其为绝缘栅双极型晶体管区域和二极管区域被形成在同一半导体基板上的半导体装置,其中,
在半导体基板的表面上设置有表面电极,在半导体基板的背面上设置有背面电极,
绝缘栅双极型晶体管区域具备:
第一导电型的集电层,其与背面电极相接;
第二导电型的绝缘栅双极型晶体管漂移层,其相对于集电层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧;
第一导电型的体层,其相对于绝缘栅双极型晶体管漂移层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且与表面电极相接;
栅电极,其被配置于从半导体基板的表面起到达至绝缘栅双极型晶体管漂移层的沟槽的内部,并且通过绝缘膜而与半导体基板和表面电极绝缘;
第二导电型的发射层,其局部地设置在体层与表面电极之间,并且与栅电极的绝缘膜和表面电极相接,
二极管区域具备:
较高的第二导电型的阴极层,其与背面电极相接;
第二导电型的二极管漂移层,其相对于阴极层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且杂质浓度与阴极层相比较低;
第一导电型的阳极层,其相对于二极管漂移层而被设置于半导体基板的表面侧,并且与表面电极相接;
沟槽电极,其被配置于从半导体基板的表面起到达至二极管漂移层的沟槽的内部,并且通过绝缘膜而与半导体基板绝缘;
第一导电型的阳极接触层,其局部地设置在阳极层与表面电极之间,并与表面电极相接,且杂质浓度与阳极层相比较高,
二极管区域通过栅电极或沟槽电极而被划分为单位二极管区域,
在与绝缘栅双极型晶体管区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在俯视观察半导体基板的表面时,阳极层与阳极接触层混合地被配置,并且至少在隔着栅电极而与发射层对置的位置处配置有阳极接触层。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其中,
在与绝缘栅双极型晶体管区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在俯视观察半导体基板的表面时,在栅电极延伸的方向上,阳极接触层与阳极层交替地被配置。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的半导体装置,其中,
在与绝缘栅双极型晶体管区域邻接的单位二极管区域中,在俯视观察半导体基板的表面时,在与栅电极延伸的方向正交的方向上,在栅电极的附近配置有阳极接触层,在单位二极管区域的中央配置有阳极层。
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CN103765582B (zh) 2011-08-30 2016-08-24 丰田自动车株式会社 半导体装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109075211A (zh) * 2016-04-25 2018-12-21 三菱电机株式会社 半导体装置
CN112563321A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2021-03-26 三菱电机株式会社 半导体装置及其制造方法
CN113451391A (zh) * 2020-03-26 2021-09-28 三菱电机株式会社 半导体装置

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CN104871312B (zh) 2017-06-16
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WO2014097454A1 (ja) 2014-06-26
US10074719B2 (en) 2018-09-11

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