CN1046763C - 抗除草剂的嵌合基因 - Google Patents

抗除草剂的嵌合基因 Download PDF

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CN1046763C
CN1046763C CN89101778A CN89101778A CN1046763C CN 1046763 C CN1046763 C CN 1046763C CN 89101778 A CN89101778 A CN 89101778A CN 89101778 A CN89101778 A CN 89101778A CN 1046763 C CN1046763 C CN 1046763C
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伯纳德·雷诺克斯
伯纳德·佩利西耶
米歇尔·勒布伦
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Abstract

本发明涉及使植物对除草剂具有抗性的基因。使植物对3,5-二卤代-4-羟基苄腈类除草剂具有抗性的嵌合基因,它包括至少一种能编码抗这类除草剂的基因,一种外来启动子和选择性地,一个多聚腺苷化信号区,其中启动于来自于在植物细胞中自然表达的基因;它选自由花椰菜镶嵌病毒(Ca MV 35 S)的35S RNA的启动子和向日葵(Helianthus annuus)核酮糖-1,5-双磷酸羧酶/加氧酶(Rubis CO)的小亚基(SSU)的启动子所组成的组及其农业上的应用。

Description

抗除草剂的嵌合基因
本发明涉及能够使植物对于3,5-二卤代-4-羟基苄腈类除草剂具有抗性的一种新的嵌合基因,以及涉及用该基因转化植物细胞的方法和由这类细胞再生的转化植物。
业已知道,第229,042号欧洲专利申请揭示了通过将一种编码可专一地降解这类除草剂的腈水解酶的基因导入植物的基因组,从而产生对上述除草剂,尤其是对3,5-二溴-4-苄腈或溴苯腈具有抗性的植物。尽管该技术取得了有效的结果,但为了增加成功的机会和增强经济效果,它还需要进行改进,尤其是在植物中的表达水平和相应的植物抗这些除草剂的能力方面。
在本说明书中,“植物”可理解为能进行光合作用的任何分化型多细胞有机体,“植物细胞”意指来自植物的、能够形成不分化的组织(如胼胝体或胚胎)或分化的组织(如植物的部分或植物或种子)的任何细胞。
本发明的目的是满足这种需要。
本发明涉及能够使植物对3,5-二卤代-4-羟基苄腈类除草剂具有抗性的嵌合基因,它包括至少一种使植物对这类除草剂产生抗性的腈水解酶的基因,一种外源启动子或者,一个多聚腺苷化信号区,其中启动子来源于在植物细胞中自然表达的基因,它选自由花椰菜镶嵌病毒(CaMV35S)的35SRNA的启动子和向日葵(Helianthus annuus)核酮糖-1,5-双磷酸羧酶/加氧酶(Rubis CO)的小亚基(SSU)的启动子所组成的组。
本发明的嵌合基因的启动子来源于在植物中自然表达的基因,即非植物型,如病毒型,诸如花椰菜镶嵌病毒(CaMV35S),或者较佳地是植物型,如单子叶或双子叶植物,尤其是向日葵(Helianthus annuus)核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧酶/加氧酶(Rubis CO)的小亚基。单独地或结合地使用这些启动子都是可能的。其选择依赖于所要转化的单或双子叶植物的性质。因此,使用用于双子叶植物转化的向日葵小亚基Rubis CO更好。
每个启动子按下列方法获得:
(1)花椰菜镶嵌病毒(CaMV35S)的35S RNA的启动子:
该启动子的分离如Odell等人(1985)所述。含有转录启始位点上游约850bp(碱基对)的克隆(P J05-2)被选出用以上述构造。将分离到的EcoRⅠ-HindⅢ片段,用Klenoa聚合酶将其末端补平,并克隆到载体pUC19的HincⅡ位点上(Yannishperron等人,1985)中。用XbaⅠ和PstⅠ消化该克隆,月噬菌体T4聚合酶处理所得到的片段以使其末端补平(blunt)。将该片段克隆进用SmaⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切并用Klenow聚合酶处理的pUC19Cm(Buckley,1985)中,由此而得到的克隆命名为pRPA-BL145。将用Klenow聚合酶处理的3′末端AccⅠ位点,与位于该启动子下游片段中用Klenow聚合酶处理过的EcoRⅠ位点相连接,重新形成EcoRⅠ位点并由此而获得顺序,从转录启始位点开始呈如下形式:
ACACGCTGACAAGCTGACTCAGCTAGAGTCGAATTC
EcoRⅠ
2)向日葵(Helianthus annuus)核酮糖-1,5-双磷酸羧酶/加氧酶(Rubis CO)的小亚基的启动子。
含有该启动子的基因已经由Wacksmon等人(1987)分离出来了。将含有该基因启动子的EcoRⅠ片段克隆进mp18,该启动子的3′部分直接处于该载体的多聚接头(linker)的上游。然后,用BstⅪ线性化并用Bal31核酸外切酶处理该克隆。先用SalⅠ,然后用Klenow聚合酶处理由此所获得的片段的混合物,最后,在低的DNA浓度下进行连接。对经过该操作而得到的克隆测序,选择具有位于所推定的转录启始位点下游的下列顺序的一种:
…5′ATTGGATTC3′…
将ClaⅠ接头(ATCGAT)引入该克隆的PstⅠ位点。这样,通过用Klenow聚合酶处理该CalⅠ位点,并将其与位于该启动子下游的片段上的用Klenow聚合酶处理过的EcoRⅠ位点相连接,重新形成了EcoRⅠ位点,并由此得到从所推定的转录启始位点起呈下列形式的顺序:
ATTGGATTCTCGACCATCGAATTC
                   EcoRⅠ
本发明的另一个特点是,嵌合基因含有位于编码基因和启动子之间的非转译的中间区(接头),它可从包含下列接头的组中选择:
-一方面,pUC19的接头,通过克隆而修饰,并具有下列顺序:
GAATTCGAGCTCGGTACCCCATGG
EcoRⅠ             NcoⅠ
-另一方面,玉米Rubis CO的小亚基的非转译区,该区来源于由Lebrun等人(1987)所描述的与该基因相应的cDNA。它是一种具有下列顺序的EcoRⅠ-NcoⅠ片段:
GAATTCCAGCAAGCAAGCAGCGAGT
EcoRⅠACATACATACTAGGCAGCCAGGCAGCCATGNcoⅠ
-另一方面,向日葵Rubis CO的小亚基的非转译区:该区来自于由Waksman和Freyssinet(1987)所分离的cDNA。该区尚未如此分离过,它总是被发现在向日葵Rubis CO的转移肽的前面。该顺序如下:
GAATTCCGAAAGACAAAGATTATCG
EcoRⅠ
TAATG
Met
本发明的嵌合基因选择性地包含一个多聚腺苷化区或位点,它们可以是,例如:
1)pTi37(Bevan等人,1983)的蓝曙红合成酶基因的多聚腺苷化位点。该位点包含于260bp的MboⅠ片段(Fraley等人,1983,PCT专利中请,No,84/02913)中,为了将BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ位点分别引入5′和3′端,该片段已用Klenow聚合酶处理,并克隆入M13mp18的SmaⅠ位点。由Vigna radila核酸酶处理BamHⅠ位点,并克隆到pUC19的用Klenow聚合酶处理过的SalⅠ位点。现在,该片段在其5′末端含有HindⅢ位点,它可以连接到腈水解酶基因的3′末端。
2)玉米Rubis CO的小亚基的基因的多聚腺苷化位点:该位点被分离成如Lebrun等人(1987)所述基因的540个bp的SmaⅠ-BglⅡ片段的形式。将一个ClaⅠ接头(ATCGAT)引入SmaⅠ位点。在用ClaⅠ酶切和用Klenow聚合酶填补后,将该片段克隆进用PstⅠ酶切并用噬菌体T4聚合酶处理及BamHⅠ再酶切的pUC19中。该操作可将HindⅢ位点引入至多聚腺苷化位点的5′末端。所得到的顺序如下:
5′AAGCTTGCATGCCCGATGGGCAG…
HindⅢ              1/SmaⅠ
本发明的又一个特点是,嵌合基因可以选择性地和较佳地包含在中间区和腈水解酶基因之间的转移肽编码区,该编码区可选自包含玉米Rubis CO的小亚基和向日葵小亚基的转移肽编码区的组中。在天然的基因中转移肽的作用是可使Rubis CO小亚基进入叶绿体的基质中。在它们被引入上述中间区和腈水解酶的结构基因之间的情况下,它们也应当同样地将腈水解酶直接引入该基质中:
1)玉米Rubis CO小亚基的转移肽:该片段来自与Lebrun等人(1987)所描述的基因相应的cDNA。它是141个bp的NcoⅠ-SphⅠ片段,NcoⅠ位点覆盖转译启始密码子和SphⅠ位点即转移肽的切割位点。通过用噬菌体T4聚合酶处理该片段的SphⅠ末端,将其与用Klenow聚合酶处理的腈水解酶基因的NcoⅠ末端相连接,重新构造了一个顺序,它允许在叶绿体的基质中产生未经修饰的腈水解酶。
2)向日葵Rubis CO小亚基的转移肽:该片段来自由Waksman和Freyssinel(1987)所分离出来的cDNA。该顺序最初在转移肽的切割位点上不具有SphⅠ位点。该顺序在此处是如下形式的:
5′CAATGCATGA*AG3′
通过定向诱变将带星号的A进行AC置换,由此形成了一个SphⅠ位点。为了进行该操作,可采用Zoller和Smith(1984)的方法。将270bp的EcoRⅠ-SalⅠ片段克隆进M13mp19am4。从M13mp19衍生的该载体在基因4,在5327碱基位置上具有琥珀(ambre)突变,在不具有抑制这种类型突变的抑制基因的菌株中不能增殖。纯化这个重组噬菌体的单链形式后,用三种寡核苷酸分别进行杂交。这种磷酸化的寡核苷酸的顺序如下:
        SphⅠ
1:5′GTTCAATGCATGCAGGTGTGGCCAC3′
2:5′AAGAGTCTGTCCATCAC3′
3:5′GTAAAACGACGGCCAGT3′
它们分别产生如下的可能性:
1:在转移肽的切割位点上片段突变,
2:琥珀突变的矫正。
3.诱变片段上游顺序的引物
Klenow聚合酶在四种核苷酸存在下和噬菌体T4连接酶同时作用后,将获得的混合物转化到菌株HB2154中,然后涂布在含菌株HB2151平板(Carter等人,1985)上。为了验证该结构,将所得到的克隆中具有附加的SphⅠ位点的那些克隆进行测序,其中之一被用于形成嵌合基因。在转移肽的切割位点的地方,现在顺序如下:
5′CAATGCATGC
该片段的使用与用与编码玉米Rubis CO小亚基的转移肽的片段的方法相同。
嵌合基因的构建根据图1-4的途径,用上述的元素而进行。这样所形成的不同的基因被安置于1或2种载体中,每一个构建产物都给予一个参考号。这样所产生的不同的载体在下面表1中描述:
                  表1
含有抗溴苯腈的嵌合基因的不同的TDNAs的构建
pRPA-BL名称 载 体 启动子     接头区 玉米 转移肽向日葵 BR-XN  NOS多聚脾苷酸 玉米SSH多聚腺普酸
CaMV35S  向日葵SSU   玉米5′  接头  向日葵5′
230 150A 1  +   +  +   +
204 150A 1  +   +   -   +  +   +
207 150A 1   +   +  +   +
208 150A 1   +   +   +  +   +
217 150A 1  +   +  +   +
218 150A 1  +   +   +  +   +
221 150A 1   +   +  +   +
222 150A 1   +  +   +
235 142  +   +  +   +
236 142  +   +  +   +
237 142   +   +  +   +
230 142   +   +  +   +
240 142  +   +  +    +
250 142  +  +  +    +
251 142   +   +  +    +
252 142   +  +  +    +
447 142   +   +   +  +    +
所用的载体:
产生显示于图1-4中的载体pRPA-BL-142和pRPA-BL-150A α1的不同的嵌合结构通过Agrobaclerium lumefacients转移系统而引入植物中。为此目的而构造的转移载体具有下列的性质:
-从pBR322衍生的复制和转移起点,
-用于细菌筛选的基因,如对庆大霉素的抗性基因,
-从λ-噬菌体中衍生的一个COS位点,
-pTi A6 T DNA的左右边缘,
-选择性地,诸如抗卡那霉素的真核选择基因,
-选择性地,含有pUC18的lac α互补基因的片段。pRPA-BL-142的构建(图1-4):
首先,将pTi A6的左T DNA的右边缘和左边缘(图1)进行克隆:
-右边缘:
将在Barker等人(1983)的计数系统中从13774延伸到16202的BamHⅠ-EcoRⅠ片段克隆进pGEM1(Promega Biolech)中相应的位点,得到pBL-17。用NruⅠ(14276和14475)和EcoRⅠ(16202)酶切该质粒,并用Klemow聚合酶处理,将NruⅠ位点与补平的EcoRⅠ位点连接,在14276处重新产生了EcoRⅠ位点,得到质粒pBL-19。
-左边缘
将在Barke等人(1983)的系统中从602延伸到3390的HindⅢ片段克隆到pGEM1中相应的位点,得到pBL-21,其中,左边缘是在多聚接头相对的一边。用AccⅠ(1161-2687)消化该质粒,并在连接前用Klenow聚合酶处理。所得到的质粒pBL-26含有插入于HindⅢ和XbaⅠ位点之间的从602延伸到1161的片段。
TDNA的形成:
通过将pBL-19的EcoRⅠ-BamHⅠ片段插入pBL-26中相应的位点,则重新形成了具有pTiA6的右边缘和左边缘(以它们的天然的方向)的TDNA。所得到的质粒命名为pBL-70。
将TDNA引入pBR322(图2):
用HindⅢ酶切pBL-70后,用Klenow聚合酶处理该位点,并用EcoRⅠ再酶切该质粒。将所得到的片段克隆进用Pru-Ⅱ-EcoRⅠ酶切的pBR322。所得到的克隆命名为pRPA-BL-112。抗庆大霉素的基因的克隆(图3):
从pPH1 J1Ⅰ(Hirsh和Bringer,1984)中得到抗庆大霉素的基因。用BamHⅠ和HindⅢ消化该质粒,将收集的片段克隆进用同样的酶切的pUC19。在氨苄青霉素+庆大霉素上选择后,分离出几个含有2.45kbp(千碱基对)片断的克隆。选出来进行随后的操作的克隆被命名为pRPA-BL-133。在该克隆的BamHⅠ位点,插入从pHC79(Hohn和Collins,1980)中分离出来并含有入-噬菌体的COS位点的1.6kbpBglⅡ片段。将该片段双向插入,就能获得pRPA-BL-134和pRPA-BL-135两个克隆。综合载体的制备(图3):
为了将上述不同的部分结合在一个且是共同的载体上,用SmaⅠ和HindⅢ消化pRPA-BL-134和pRPA-BL-135,并用Klenow聚合酶处理含有抗庆大霉素的基因和λ-噬菌体的COS位点的插入部分。用PstⅠ和EcoRⅠ消化质粒pRPA-BL-112并用噬菌体T4聚合酶处理。将两个片段连接起来,选择同时具有抗庆大霉素,COS位点,TDNA和pBR322复制起点的克隆。质粒pRPA-BL-134产生出pRPA-BL-141和pRPA-BL-142,而pRPA-BL-135则产生出pRPA-143和pRPA-144。pRPA-BL-142被选出以将欲转移的嵌合基因导入植物中。由这个载体,就得到了含有标记基因NOS-NPTⅡ-NOS(图4)的结构。用XbaⅠ消化质粒pRPA-BL-142,并通过Vignaradiata核酸酶的作用处理其末端。而pEND4K(Klee等人,1985)则用EcoRⅠ消化并用Klenow聚合酶处理。分离含有卡那霉素的嵌合基因的1,6kbp的片段,并将其插入pRPA-BL-142。这种连接产物被命名为pRPA-BL-150A,它被选出进行随后的操作。为了便于克隆该载体,含有分离自pUC18(Yannish-Perron等人,1985)的lacα-互补基因的并用噬菌体T4聚合酶处理过的HacⅡ片段被插入用Vigna radiata核酸酶处理过的BamHⅠ位点。所获得的二种载体被命名为pRPA-BL-150Aα1和pRPA-BL-150Aα2。pRPA-BL-150Aα1是用作为将基因导入植物的基础载体。
p-RPA-BL-142和pRPA-BL-150Aα1的应用
这些载体本身在土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)中不能维持。为了达到维持的目的,必须将它们通过简单的重组而整合于在该细菌中的质粒中。这可以通过一利片段(如位于cosmids,如pVK102等上),或用于具有这些顺序的pBR322的片段而进行。对于菌株GV3850(Zambryski等人,1983)的Ti质粒来说就是这种情况,该质粒也是pRPA-BL-142和pRPA-BL-150Aα1的宿主。使用pBR322的复制起点,就可通过Ditte等人(1980)所描述的三部系统将这些质粒转移到土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)中。植物材料的转化
为了测试这些嵌合基因的功效,后者根据下面所描述的过程而转移到植物中:
A-转化过程
1.烟草
将载体导入携带cosmidpTVK291(Komari等人,1986)的土壤杆菌EHA101(Hood等人,1987)的非致癌基因菌株中。转化技术是采用Horsh等人(1985)的过程。下面将描述再生工业烟草PBD6(来源:SETA,法国)的过程。
从人工培养叶中再生烟草PBD6是在含有30克蔗糖/升的Murashige和Skoog(MS)基础培养基中进行的。人工培养叶是从栽培于暖房或离体培养的植物中得到的,转化是根据三个连续阶段的叶盘技术(Science1985,V01,227,1229-1231页)进行的。
第一阶段包括在含有0.05mgNAA和2mg/lBAP的MS+30克蔗糖的培养基上15天的苗的诱导。
第二阶段要使在第一阶段中所长成的苗继续长大;它是在不含任何激素的MS+30克庶糖/升的培养基中进行10天。
第三阶段要使苗逐个地移出,并长根。长根培养基含有盐、维生素和糖,稀释二倍。它不含激素。10-15天后,将植入的苗移到土壤中。激素平衡的测定
通过测试25种激素平衡BAP0.2-0.5-1-1.5-2和NAA-0.5-0.05,观察到1.5和2mg/l的BAP和0.05和0.1mg/l的NAA,可获得最佳的再生频率。采用0.05NAA和2mg/lBAP的混合物。
2.其它的双子叶植物
采用携带与用表2所列的植物材料相应载体相关的cosmidpTVK291的土壤杆菌A281的致癌基因菌株转化表2中所列出的双子叶植物。B-抗溴苯腈性的测定
1.烟草
抗性的离体测定是在以辛盐形式存在的溴苯腈(20mg/l)的存在下,通过测定愈伤组织的生长而进行的,在体内则是以10倍于大田处理时所用的剂量的溴苯腈或碘苯腈喷洒叶子而进行的。所得到的结果概括于表1a中。
2.其它双子叶植物
抗性的离体测定是在每升培养基10mg溴苯腈(以辛盐的形式)存在下,测定愈伤组织的生长而进行的。在所有的情况下,结果均呈阳性(表2)。
                   表1a
        经转化的烟草对于溴苯腈的抗性
名称           烟草的抗性pRPA-BL       胼胝体           植物
203            +               +
204            +               +
207            +               +
208            +               +
217            +               +
218            +               +
221            +               +
222            +               +
235            +               +
236            +               +
237            +               +
238            +               +
249            +               +
250            +               +
251            +               +
252            +               +
             表2
  各种双子叶植物对于溴苯腈的抗性
          植物材料      pRPA-BL植物                   203   235    249食用番茄植物    胚轴    +     +      +茄属            块茎    +     +      +大豆属          胚轴    +     +      +甜菜            根      +     +      +向日葵属    胚轴      +    +    +琬豆属      结间部    +    +    +油菜        胚轴      +    +    +胡萝卜      根        +    +    +菜豆        胚轴      +         +

Claims (7)

1.一种转化植物从而赋于其抗溴苯腈和/或碘苯腈除草剂性能的方法,其特征在于,借助于嵌合基因构建物将嵌合基因引入植物细胞,其中,该嵌合基因含有至少一种编码抗溴苯腈和/或碘苯腈除草剂的基因,一个外源启动子和一个可用可不用的多聚腺苷酸化信号区,其中启动子来源于天然地在植物细胞中表达的基因,而且选自花椰菜镶嵌病毒的35S RNA启动子(CamV35S)和向日葵(He-lianthus annuus)核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(RuBisCO)的小亚基(SSU)的启动子。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于嵌合基因包括位于启动子和编码抗除草剂的基因之间的非转译中间区(接头),所说的非转译中间区选自:通过克隆而修饰的pUC19的非转译区,玉米RuBisCO的小亚基的非转译区和向日葵RuBisCO的小亚基的非转译区。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于嵌合基因还含有位于中间区和抗除草剂的编码区之间的编码一个能够将蛋白质引入欲转化的植物的叶绿体中的转移肽的编码区。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述的转移肽编码区是玉米RuBisCO的小亚基的转移肽编码区。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述的转移肽编码区是向日葵RuBisCO的小亚基的转移肽编码区。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的多聚腺苷酸化区来自于蓝曙红合成酶基因。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的多聚腺苷酸化区来自于玉米RuBisCO的小亚基的基因。
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ATE188250T1 (de) 2000-01-15
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US5773698A (en) 1998-06-30
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IL89614A (en) 1996-01-19
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