CN104571688A - 用于模拟材料的触摸表面 - Google Patents
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- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
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- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
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- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
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Abstract
本公开至少一个方面涉及用于模拟材料的触摸表面。一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的系统包括：触摸表面、致动器和/或温度控制设备、及控制单元。所述控制单元控制所述致动器或所述温度控制设备以使得所述触摸表面的至少一部分模拟一种材料。所述控制可以包括利用所述致动器振动所述表面以模拟质地的触感。这类控制还可以包括利用温度控制设备(诸如珀耳帖设备)来控制所述表面的所述温度，以模拟某种材料的热导率。在某些情况下，温度控制可以利用温度传感器执行，以调节表面的温度。在各种情况下，所述振动和/或温度可以随时间变化，例如响应于使用一个或多个触摸传感器检测到的一个或多个触摸。
Description
技术领域
本公开一般地涉及触摸表面,尤其涉及用于模拟材料的触摸表面。
背景技术
电子设备可以具有包括用于接收来自一个或多个用户的输入和/或向其提供输出的触摸表面的触摸设备。这些触摸设备可以包括触摸屏、跟踪垫、按钮元件和/或其他这类触摸设备。在某些情况下，触摸设备可以具有检测触摸(诸如用户身体部分的触摸、指示笔、和/或其他这类触摸)并将该触摸解释作为输入的能力。这类触摸检测可以包括对触摸的出现、触摸位置、触摸力度、触摸持续时间、触摸表面上与该触摸相关的移动、和/或该触摸的其他这类特征的检测。在各种情况下，触摸设备可以具有提供输出(诸如触觉反馈和/或输出)的能力。
典型地，触摸表面是由各类塑料、金属或玻璃构造的平滑表面。这些触摸表面的触知特征会受到构造这些表面的材料的物理特征的限制。
发明内容
本发明公开了使用触摸表面模拟材料的系统和方法。在一个或多个实施例中，一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的系统可以包括：至少一个触摸表面、至少一个致动器或至少一个温度控制设备、以及至少一个控制单元。所述控制单元可以控制所述致动器或所述温度控制设备以使得所述触摸表面的至少一部分模拟某种材料。
这类控制可以包括利用所述致动器振动所述触摸表面的至少一部分。所述振动可以模拟质地的触感。在某些情况下，所述振动可以随时间变化，例如响应于使用一个或多个触摸传感器检测到的一个或多个触摸。
这类控制还可以包括利用温度控制设备(诸如珀耳帖设备)来控制所述触摸表面的至少一部分的温度，以模拟某种材料的热传导的触感。在某些情况下，所述温度控制可以利用来自一个或多个温度传感器的数据调整所述触摸表面的温度来执行。在某些情况下，所述温度可以随时间变化，例如响应于使用一个或多个触摸传感器检测到的一个或多个触摸。
在各种实现中，可以使整个触摸表面模拟所述材料。然而，在其他实现中，所述触摸表面可以包括分别可控的多个区域。在某些情况下，所述多个区域中的每一个可以包括一个或多个致动器、温度控制设备、触摸传感器和/或温度传感器。进一步地，在各种情况下，所述多个区域中的每一个可以同时可控以模拟不同于一个或多个其他区域的材料。
在某些实现中，所述触摸表面可以包括钻石材料层。所述钻石材料可以是化学气相沉积的钻石层，诸如碳气相沉积的钻石层。这类钻石层可以提供极高的导热率、极高的机械硬度、和/或光宽带的光学透明度。
在某些实施例中，一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的方法可以包括：确定要使用触摸表面模拟的至少一种材料，并且控制至少一个致动器和至少一个温度控制设备中的至少一个以使得所述至少一个触摸表面模拟至少一种材料。
在各种实施例中，一种触摸设备可以包括：至少一个触摸表面、至少一个致动器或至少一个温度控制设备、以及至少一个控制单元。所述控制单元可以控制所述致动器或所述温度控制设备以使得所述触摸表面的至少一部分模拟一种材料。
将会理解的是，在前的一般性描述和随后的详细描述都是出于举例和解释的目的，而非对本公开的必然限制。并入说明书并作为其一部分的附图例示了本公开的主题。描述和附图一并用于解释本公开的原理。
附图说明
图1A是一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的示例性系统的等比视图。
图1B是沿图1中线段1B获得的图1中示例性系统的横截面前视图。
图1C是例示出图1中示例性系统的触摸设备系统各部件之间的示例性功能关系的框图。
图2是图1A的示例性系统的一部分的替换实施例的底视图。
图3是例示出一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的方法的流程图。该方法可由图1A-1C或图2的系统所执行。
具体实施方式
随后的描述包括具体化本公开各元件的示例系统、方法和计算机程序产品。然而，应该理解的是，所描述的公开能够以在此描述的形式之外的多种形式实践。
随后的描述包括具体化本公开各元件的示例系统、方法和计算机程序产品。然而，应该理解的是，所描述的公开能够以在此描述的形式之外的多种形式实践。
本发明公开了使用触摸表面模拟材料的系统和方法。一种触摸设备可以包括至少一个触摸表面、至少一个致动器或至少一个温度控制设备、以及至少一个控制单元。所述控制单元可以控制所述致动器或所述温度控制设备以使得所述触摸表面的至少一部分模拟一种材料。
这类控制可以包括利用所述致动器进行垂直和/或水平移动，以振动所述触摸表面的至少一部分。所述振动可以模拟质地的触感。更粗糙表面可以通过产生比那些产生以模拟更平滑表面的振动更强的振动来模拟。如同触摸表面本身那样平滑的材料的模拟可以包括不利用致动器产生振动。
在某些情况下，振动可以随时间变化，例如响应于使用一个或多个触摸传感器(诸如位置传感器、力传感器、电容传感器和/或能够检测触摸的一个或多个特征的其他传感器)检测到的一个或多个触摸。例如，所述振动可以响应于对在所述触摸表面上移动的触摸的检测而随时间变化，由此来模拟木材表面的纹理。
这类控制还可以包括：利用所述温度控制设备来控制所述触摸表面的至少一部分的温度。这类温度控制设备可以包括至少一个珀耳帖设备。所述温度控制可以模拟某种材料的热导率的触感。例如，玻璃表面可被控制以具有相对较冷的金属材料的温度和/或相对较暖的木质材料的温度。在某些情况下，所述温度控制可以利用来自检测所述触摸表面温度的一个或多个温度传感器的数据来执行。在这类情况下，可以基于所述数据来调节所述温度控制设备，以调节所述触摸表面的温度。
在某些情况下，所述温度可以随时间变化，例如响应于使用一个或多个触摸传感器检测到的一个或多个触摸。例如，金属材料会在被触摸时响应于来自用户手指的热量而升温。为了模拟这类金属材料，触摸表面的温度可以在用户触摸持续时随时间增加。
在各种实现中，可以控制所述一个或多个致动器和/或一个或多个温度控制设备以使得整个接触表面模拟所述材料。然而，在其他实现中，所述触摸表面可以包括分别可控以模拟一种或多种材料的多个区域。在某些情况下，所述多个区域中的每一个可以包括一个或多个致动器、温度控制设备、触摸传感器和/或温度传感器。进一步地，在各种情况下，所述多个区域中的每一个可以同时可控以模拟不同于一个或多个其他区域的材料。
在某些实现中，所述触摸表面可以包括钻石材料层。所述钻石材料可以是化学气相沉积的钻石层，诸如碳气相沉积的钻石层。这类钻石层可以提供极高的导热率(可以超过铜的大约5倍)、极高的机械硬度(提供优越的耐磨性)、和/或光宽带的光学透明度(大致从紫外到远红外透明)。
图1A是一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的示例性系统100的等比视图。该系统可以包括电子设备101和触摸设备102。该触摸设备可由诸如一种或多种金属、塑料、玻璃和/或任何其他这类合适材料的各种不同材料形成。
如图所示，电子设备101是膝上型计算设备。然而，应该理解这只是一个例子。在各种实现中，该电子设备可以是包括触摸设备102和/或不背离本公开范围的任何触摸表面的任何电子设备。例如，这类电子设备可以是桌上型计算设备、移动计算设备、平板计算设备、膝上型计算设备、数字媒体播放器、厨房设施、显示设备、蜂窝电话、智能电话、可穿戴设备、车辆、和/或任何其他类型的电子设备。
进一步地，如图所示，触摸设备102是触摸垫。然而，应该理解这只是一个例子。在各种实现中，触摸设备可以是不背离本公开范围的任何类型的触摸面板。例如，该触摸设备可以是跟踪垫、触摸屏、按钮元件和/或任何其他类型的触摸表面。
图1B是沿图1中线段1B获得的图1中示例性系统100的横截面前视图。如图所示，该触摸设备102可以是触摸设备系统112的一部分。该触摸设备系统可以包括：一个或多个温度控制设备104(诸如一个或多个珀耳帖设备)、温度传感器105、致动器106(诸如一个或多个机电致动器)、触摸传感器107(诸如一个或多个位置传感器、力传感器、电容传感器和/或能够检测接触的一个或多个特征的其他传感器)、驱动电路108、控制单元109(诸如一个或多个处理单元)、传感电路110、和/或基底111(诸如一个或多个印刷电路板)。
控制单元109、驱动电路108和感测电路110可被安装在基底111上。驱动电路可以可通信地耦接至致动器106和/或温度控制设备104，并且感测电路可以耦接至触摸传感器107和/或温度传感器105。控制单元可以可通信地耦接至驱动电流和/或感测电路以接收来自触摸传感器和/或温度传感器的数据，和/或控制致动器和/或温度控制设备以模拟一种或多种材料。
致动器106可以操作性地移动(诸如水平地或垂直地)以经由触摸设备102提供一种或多种振动。这类振动可被提供作为触知输出和/或反馈。这类振动还可被提供用于模拟材料质地的触感。传感器可以振动触摸设备的全部，也可以仅振动触摸设备的一个或多个部分。
例如，控制单元109可以使得致动器106振动以模拟比实际制成触摸设备102的材料(例如塑料)更为粗糙的材料(例如，木材)。控制单元可以使得致动器振动的更多以模拟更粗糙的材料，和振动的更少以模拟更平滑的材料。当模拟同实际制成触摸设备的材料一样平滑或比其更平滑的材料时，控制单元可以不引起致动器振动。
控制单元109可以改变由致动器106引起的振动以使其随时间变化。在某些情况下，振动可以基于触摸传感器107检测到的一个或多个触摸而变化。例如，控制单元可以响应于触摸传感器检测到用户手指正在触摸设备102上移动而增加由致动器提供的振动，由此模拟木质材料的纹理。另举一例，控制单元可以响应于触摸传感器检测到用户手指正以增加的力按压触摸设备102而增加由致动器提供的振动，由此模拟以增加的力向材料施加。
温度控制设备104可以操作性地控制触摸设备102的温度(例如，通过增加、减少和/或保持温度)。这一控制可以通过加热、冷却、散热、热扩散或耗散、激活风扇或其他冷却机制等来实现。这类温度控制可以模拟某种材料的热导率的触感。温度控制设备可以控制该触摸设备的全部的温度，或是仅控制该触摸设备的一个或多个部分的温度。
例如，控制单元109可以使得温度控制设备104降低触摸设备102的温度，以模拟比实际制成该触摸设备的材料(诸如玻璃)相对更凉的材料(诸如金属)。另举一例，控制单元可以使得温度控制设备增加触摸设备的温度，以模拟比实际制成该触摸设备的材料(诸如金属)相对更暖的材料(诸如木材)。
控制单元109可以改变由温度控制设备104引起的温度以控制其随时间变化。在某些情况下，温度可以基于触摸传感器107检测到的一个或多个触摸而变化。例如，控制单元可以响应于触摸传感器检测到用户手指正触摸该触摸设备102的特定部分达延长时间段而增加该部分的温度，以模拟响应于对来自用户手指的持续热暴露而导致的金属材料的变暖。
图1C是例示出图1B中示例性系统100的触摸设备系统112各部件之间的示例性功能关系的框图。如图所示，控制单元109可以可通信地耦接至驱动电路108和/或感测电路110，该驱动电路可以可通信地耦接至温度控制设备104和/或致动器106，和/或该感测电路可以可通信地耦接至触摸传感器107和/或温度传感器105。
在某些实现中，触摸设备系统112可以包括未示出的额外部件。例如，在某些实现中，触摸设备系统可以包括一个或多个非暂态存储介质(未示出)，其可以采用而又不限于如下形式：磁性存储介质；光学存储介质；磁光存储介质；只读存储器；随机存取存储器；可擦除可编程存储器；闪存等。这类非暂态存储介质可以包括指定要模拟的一种或多种材料、如何判定要模拟哪种材料、评估在何时和模拟何种材料的条件、如何模拟某种特定材料的说明等的一种或多种设置(诸如，用户定义设置、默认设置、系统配置设置等)。
虽然致动器106和温度控制设备104作为分开的部件被示出并描述，但是应该理解这只是一个例子。在各种实现中，这些部件可以是分开的部件、同一部件的各部分(诸如响应于电荷在改变形状的同时还产热的压电致动器)、组合部件(诸如层压或以其他方式附接在致动器顶部的温度控制设备)等。
进一步地，在某些情况下，致动器106的使用会产生不期望的热量。例如，在操作期间产热的致动器会为了产生模拟水泥质感的足够振动而导致触摸表面的温度比水泥表面的温度更暖。为了改善这一发热，可以通过一个或多个温度冷却设备来冷却(或散热或以其他方式进行热耗散或扩散)触摸表面，以避免质感模拟导致触摸表面的温度属性不那么像要模拟材料通常的属性。
在各种实现中，可以控制所述一个或多个致动器和/或一个或多个温度控制设备以使得整个接触表面模拟所述材料。然而，在其他实现中，所述触摸表面可以包括分别可控以模拟一种或多种材料的多个区域。例如，图2是图1的示例性系统100的一部分的替换实施例的底视图。如图所示，在此实施例中，触摸设备102包括连接至一个或多个控制线路204的多个区域203。
在某些情况下，控制线路204可以连接至温度控制设备104，并且可以在温度控制设备的引导下操作性地控制区域203的温度。在其他情况下，这些区域可以各自包括致动器106，并且控制线路可以将该致动器连接至驱动电路108，以针对特定区域控制相应的致动器。
在又一些情况下，区域203可以各自包括一个或多个温度控制设备104、温度传感器105、致动器106和/或触摸传感器107。由此，控制线路204可以连接至驱动电路108和/或感测电路110中的一个或多个，以使得控制单元109能够独立控制每个区域的振动和/或温度。
在各种情况下，诸如塑料的触摸表面可具有独立可控的多个区域，并且可以包括独立可控的致动器和/或温度控制设备。例如，这些区域可以是独立可控的，以使得一个区域可被控制为模拟木材的更粗糙质感并被加热以模拟木材的相对更暖的温度，同时另一区域可被控制为模拟金属更平滑的质感并被冷却(或散热或以其他方式进行热耗散或扩散)以模拟金属相对更凉的温度。以此方式，可以利用单个触摸表面来同时模拟多种不同的材料。
另举一例，这些区域可被独立控制以模拟材料更为复杂的性态。可以增加玻璃触摸表面被接触部分的温度以模拟响应于触摸热量而温度增加的金属材料。然而，归因于玻璃触摸表面的温度属性，来自上述加热的温度会扩散至周围区域而使得周围区域具有比表面实际是金属情况下更高的温度。由此，除了加热对应于触摸的部分之外，还会冷却(或散热或以其他方式进行热耗散或扩散)周围部分以使得周围部分的温度更真实地模拟金属中来自触摸的热耗散。
回到图1B，在某些实现中，所述触摸表面可以包括钻石材料层103。所述钻石材料可以是化学气相沉积的钻石层，诸如碳气相沉积的钻石层。这类钻石层可以提供极高的导热率(可以超过铜的大约5倍)、极高的机械硬度(提供优越的耐磨性)、和/或光宽带的光学透明度(大致从紫外到远红外透明)。
图3是例示出一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的方法300的流程图。该方法可由图1A-1C和/或图2的系统100执行。
该流程可以从框301开始并且行进至控制单元109确定要模拟的材料的框302。该流程随后行进至框303，其中控制单元控制致动器106和温度控制设备104中的至少一个以使用触摸表面模拟材料。该流程随后行进至框304。
在框304，控制单元109判定是否继续使用触摸表面模拟该材料。这类继续可以包括基于一个或多个检测到的温度、一个或多个检测到的触摸、经过时间、规定如何控制模拟的一个或多个设置等而对控制的更新。
如果继续，则该处理返回至框303，其中控制单元继续控制致动器106和温度控制设备104中的至少一个以继续使用触摸表面模拟该材料。否则，该处理行进至框305并结束。
如上文所讨论并在附图中示出的，本公开包括了使用触摸表面模拟材料的系统和方法。一种触摸设备可以包括至少一个触摸表面、至少一个致动器或至少一个温度控制设备、以及至少一个控制单元。所述控制单元可以控制所述致动器或所述温度控制设备以使得所述触摸表面的至少一部分模拟一种材料。
在本公开中，公开的方法可被实现为设备可读的一组指令或软件。进一步地，应该理解公开方法中各步骤的具体顺序或层级只是样本方法的例子。在其他实施例中，可以在所公开主题的范围内重新安排该方法中各步骤的具体顺序或层级。所附的方法以样本次序声明了各步骤的当前要素，而非必然限制为呈现的具体次序或层级。
所描述的公开可被提供作为计算机程序产品或软件，其可以包括具有存储其上的指令的非暂态机器可读介质，所述指令则可被用于编程计算机系统(或其他电子设备)以执行根据本公开的处理。一种非暂态机器可读介质包括用于以可由机器(例如，计算机)读取的形式(例如，软件、处理应用)存储信息的任何机制。该非暂态机器可读介质可以采取的形式包括但不限于：磁性存储介质(例如，软盘、视频磁带盒等)；光学存储介质(例如，CD-ROM)；磁光存储介质；只读存储器(ROM)；随机存取存储器(RAM)；可擦除可编程存储器(例如EPROM和EEPROM)；闪存；等。
相信本公开及其许多附加优点将会通过在前描述而被理解，并且显而易见的是可以对部件形式、构造和安排做出各种改变而不背离所公开的主题或是牺牲所有这些材料优点。所描述的形式仅仅是示例性的，并且所附权利要求旨在涵盖并包括这个改变。
虽然已经参考各种实施例描述了本公开，但是将会理解的是，这些实施例是示例性的并且本公开的范围不限于此，许多变化、修改、附加和改进都是可能的。更具体地，已经在本上下文和特定实施例中描述了根据本公开的各实施例。可以在本公开各实施例中或以不同技术描述的实施例中以的模块不同地分离或组合各功能。这些和其他变化、修改、附加和改善将落在所附权利要求限定的本公开的范围之内。
Claims (20)
1.一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的系统，包括：
用于电子设备的触摸表面；
如下中的至少一个：
至少一个致动器，操作为振动所述触摸表面的至少一部分；
至少一个温度控制设备，操作为控制所述触摸表面的所述至少一部分的温度；以及
至少一个控制单元，控制所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个，以使得所述触摸表面的所述部分模拟一种材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个包括：所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备两者。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个包括：所述至少一个温度控制设备，并且所述至少一个温度控制设备包括至少一个珀耳帖设备。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个包括：所述至少一个温度控制设备，所述系统还包括至少一个温度传感器，其中所述至少一个控制单元至少基于由所述至少一个温度传感器检测到的所述触摸表面的温度来控制所述至少一个温度控制设备。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，还包括检测在所述触摸表面上的至少一个触摸的至少一个特征的至少一个触摸传感器。
6.如权利要求5所述的系统，其中所述至少一个控制单元至少基于所述至少一个特征来控制所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中所述至少一个特征包括以下中的至少一个：所述至少一个触摸的至少一个位置、所述至少一个触摸的至少一个持续时间、与所述至少一个触摸相关联的至少一个移动、以及所述至少一个触摸的至少一个力。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述至少一个控制单元至少基于来自所述至少一个触摸传感器的数据来随时间改变对所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个的控制。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个包括所述至少一个致动器，并且所述至少一个控制单元控制所述至少一个致动器，以增加振动从而使得所述触摸表面的所述部分模拟更粗糙材料、和降低振动从而使得所述触摸表面的所述部分模拟更平滑材料。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个包括所述至少一个致动器，并且所述至少一个控制单元控制所述至少一个致动器以模拟所述材料的质地。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个包括所述至少一个温度控制设备，并且所述至少一个控制单元控制所述至少一个温度控制设备以模拟所述材料的温度。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述触摸表面包括多个部分，每一个部分分别由所述至少一个控制单元可控以模拟所述材料。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述至少一个控制单元控制所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个，以使得所述触摸表面的所述部分模拟另外的一种材料。
14.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述触摸表面包括以下至少一种：触摸屏、跟踪垫和按钮元件。
15.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述触摸表面包括以下至少一种：玻璃、塑料和金属。
16.如权利要求1所述的系统，还包括在所述触摸表面上的钻石材料层。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统，其中所述钻石材料层包括化学气相沉积层。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统，其中所述化学气相沉积层包括碳气相沉积层。
19.一种使用触摸表面模拟材料的方法，所述方法包括：
判定要使用触摸表面模拟的至少一种材料；以及
控制至少一个致动器和至少一个温度控制设备中的至少一个，以使得所述至少一个触摸表面模拟所述至少一种材料。
20.一种用于电子设备的触摸设备，包括：
用于电子设备的触摸表面；
如下的至少一个：
至少一个致动器，操作为振动所述触摸表面的至少一部分；和
至少一个温度控制设备，操作为控制所述触摸表面的所述至少一部分的温度；以及
至少一个控制单元，控制所述至少一个致动器和所述至少一个温度控制设备中的所述至少一个以使得所述触摸表面的所述部分模拟一种材料。
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| HK1208938A1 (zh) | 2016-03-18 |
| US10459521B2 (en) | 2019-10-29 |
| US9317118B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
| US20160216766A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
| CN104571688B (zh) | 2017-11-07 |
| US20150109215A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
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