CN103140287A - 使用混合盐乙酰丙酮化物催化剂的酯交换方法 - Google Patents
使用混合盐乙酰丙酮化物催化剂的酯交换方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103140287A CN103140287A CN2011800373995A CN201180037399A CN103140287A CN 103140287 A CN103140287 A CN 103140287A CN 2011800373995 A CN2011800373995 A CN 2011800373995A CN 201180037399 A CN201180037399 A CN 201180037399A CN 103140287 A CN103140287 A CN 103140287A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- phenyl
- catalyst
- metal
- ester
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- -1 carbon atom carboxylic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Natural products C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005359 phenoxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003884 phenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazolidine Chemical compound C1COCN1 WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006350 alkyl thio alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004966 cyanoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 62
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 12
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Natural products CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229960004217 benzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 9
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 7
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 6
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UJVBZCCNLAAMOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNSC2=C1 UJVBZCCNLAAMOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WHJQJCCPKCLSOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N BBCBC Chemical compound BBCBC WHJQJCCPKCLSOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical class COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl laurate Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241001448862 Croton Species 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J kaolinite Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])=O CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical group CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940007550 benzyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001030 gas--liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical group CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过酯交换反应生产各种酯,尤其丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯-基酯的高活性和选择性的通用催化剂。在包含金属1,3-二羰基络合物(优选乙酰丙酮化锌或乙酰丙酮化铁)和盐,尤其无机盐,优选ZnCl2,LiCl,NaCl,NH4Cl或LiI的组合的催化剂存在下,通过使羧酸或碳酸(尤其饱和或不饱和),典型地,3-4个碳原子的羧酸的酯与醇反应,实现这一目的。由容易获得的起始材料在反应介质内制备这些催化剂,且不需要分离(就地制备)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过催化酯交换反应,生产羧酸酯,聚酯和碳酸酯,尤其含有其他官能团的羧酸酯的改进方法。特别地,本发明涉及使用金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂和盐的混合物作为酯交换反应的催化剂,生产丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的改进方法。
背景技术
酯交换是在数种工业方法中交换有机基团的重要方法。它例如在大规模合成聚酯中使用。在这一应用中,二酯经历与二醇的酯交换,形成大分子。另一实例是通过用短链脂族醇(典型地甲醇或乙醇)酯交换植物油或动物脂肪,生产生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯,FAME)。而且在其他工业方法,例如(i)分子内酯交换导致内酯和大环,(ii)生产特殊活性药物成分(API)(的中间体),(iii)由丙交酯生产聚乳酸(PLA),(iv)由碳酸亚乙酯和甲醇共-合成碳酸二甲酯和乙二醇中,酯交换是关键的步骤。
通常在催化剂存在下进行酯交换反应,所述催化剂尤其包括无机酸,金属氢氧化物,金属氧化物,金属醇盐(异丙醇铝,四烷氧基钛,有机锡烷氧化物等),非离子碱(胺,二甲基氨基吡啶,胍等)和脂酶(J.Otera和J.Nishikido,Esterification,p.52-99,Wiley2010)。然而,在各酯或醇反应物内的不饱和键,胺,额外的羟基或其他官能团存在下,这些常规催化剂的活性可能受到妨碍。强无机酸,例如硫酸或甲磺酸例如通常导致缓慢的反应速度,和所得酯交换产物典型地伴随着形成高浓度副产物。所述高浓度副产物通常来自于醇脱水,得到最终污染产物的烯烃和醚。在丙烯酸酯情况下,在最终反应混合物内也发现迈克尔加成产物(醇加成到C=C双键上)和显著量的聚合物产物。
类似于酸催化剂,碱金属醇盐催化剂(例如,甲醇钠或叔丁醇钾)促进非所需的副反应,而且它们因反应溶液中存在水而失活。因此,催化剂应当连续加入到反应混合物中,同时随后必须除去它,以避免在蒸馏或其他热处理产物过程中醇盐-促进的聚合或降解,特别是若产物是不饱和酯,例如丙烯酸酯的话。
钛(Ti)和锡的醇盐通常具有较高的选择性,但遭受特定的缺点。钛酸酯催化剂尤其对水敏感(通常在含有大于500ppm水的混合物中失活),从而使得添加更多的催化剂到反应中的相同需求变得必要。另外,在所得产物储存过程中,Ti化合物可导致非所需的变色(泛黄),所述变色因包括除了Ti(IV)化合物以外还存在Ti(III)化合物,和/或钛倾向于形成络合物在内的因素而引起。还意识到,锡化合物是人类潜在的致癌物质,因此它们在最终产物内的存在是非所需的。因此,强烈地除去是重要的和应当有效地弃置残渣。
由于采用常规催化剂具有这些问题,因此,需要在其他官能团存在下,具有高活性和选择性且对水具有降低的敏感性的改进的酯交换催化剂。
现有技术中通过使用金属乙酰丙酮化物催化剂用以生产各种酯化合物,进行了满足这一需求的已有步骤。如此制备的酯的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸酯(US4202990,US7071351,US2004/0249191)或更具体的甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(WO2009003746),(甲基)丙烯酸异戊二烯酯(DE102008043810),甲基丙烯酸乙基硫代乙酯(FR2707290)。也公开了生产脂族低聚碳酸酯多羟基化合物(US7060778,US2006/0052572,US6350895),α-酮基羧酸酯(US6222063),蜡单体(US5856611),双(3-羟丙基)对苯二甲酸酯单体(US5840957)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯树脂(US3528946,US3528945)。
优选的金属主要是锆(US4202990,WO2009003746,US7071351,US2004/0249191,US5856611,FR2707290),而且还公开了其他金属,例如镱(III)(US7060778,US2005/006539),钇/钐化合物(US6350895),镧(US5840957,EP1064247),铪(IV)(US5037978),铈和铅(US3532671)。
仅仅偶尔提及使用Zn(II)或Fe(III)的乙酰丙酮化物。实例是通过使(甲基)丙烯酸酯与2-甲基-2-羟基-1-丙醇在乙酰丙酮锌催化剂存在下反应,生产2-甲基-2-羟基-1-丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯的方法(JP2005/132790)。产率高(95%),而其他常用的催化剂,例如钛酸四异丙氧基酯得到较低的产率(57%)。其他实例包括制造(甲基)丙烯酸二烷基氨烷酯(JP02017155),和由低级烷基酯为起始,制备高级烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯(JP53105417,EP236994)。在可生物降解的乙交酯/L-丙交酯共聚物的合成中公开了乙酰丙酮铁(III)(Polymer(2002),43(9),2595-2601)。
我们已发现,1,3-二羰基Zn或Fe的络合物和无机盐的结合物显示出预料不到地高的活性。因此,可在由金属1,3-二羰基络合物,尤其1,3-二羰基Zn或Fe的络合物组成的盐的混合物,更特别地,1,3-二羰基Zn(II)或Fe(III)络合物和无机盐存在下,采用合适的醇,实现低级烷基酯的酯交换的酯产物的较高转化速率。
发明内容
本发明涉及通过酯交换反应生产各种酯,尤其丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯-基酯的高活性和选择性的通用催化剂。在由金属1,3-二羰基络合物,更特别地在Zn(II)或Fe(III)的1,3-二羰基络合物和盐,尤其无机盐组成的催化剂存在下,通过使羧酸或碳酸(尤其饱和或不饱和),典型地,3-4个碳原子的羧酸的酯与醇反应,实现这一目的。由容易获得的起始材料在反应介质内制备这些催化剂(就地制备)。与目前可获得的催化剂相比且不同的是,不需要事先制备催化剂,并且在实际的酯交换反应中使用之前分离。在反应之后,也可通过过滤或者利用催化剂离子性能的分离技术,除去催化剂。除了前述结合物提高的催化活性以外,就地制备催化剂和方便地分离的这一能力增加了本发明的商业优势。
具体实施方式
正如前面已经提及的,本发明涉及在由金属1,3-二羰基络合物和盐组成的催化剂存在下,使用醇,酯交换羧酸或碳酸的酯的方法。
当使用羧酸酯作为起始材料时,通常可通过下述反应列出酯交换方法(流程1):
在前述反应流程中,羧酸酯起始材料用化学式RCOOR'表示,且可以是饱和或不饱和脂族或芳族羧酸的烷基,环烷基,芳基,芳烷基或烷芳基酯,其中R是所述羧酸的饱和或不饱和的脂族或芳族残基,和其中R'是烷基,环烷基,芳基,芳烷基或烷芳基;或其中R和R'与它们连接到其上的原子一起成为环的一部分,例如在通过开环聚合(ROP)生产聚(乳酸(PLA))中使用的丙交酯等的一部分。正因为如此,可在本发明的酯交换反应中使用的合适的羧酸酯包括烷基,环烷基,不饱和脂族,脂环族和芳基酯。烷基酯的实例包括甲酸甲酯,甲酸乙酯,甲酸丙酯,甲酸丁酯,甲酸戊酯,甲酸己酯,甲酸庚酯,甲酸辛酯,甲酸壬酯,甲酸癸酯,乙酸甲酯,乙酸乙酯,乙酸丙酯,乙酸丁酯,乙酸戊酯,乙酸己酯,乙酸庚酯,乙酸辛酯,乙酸壬酯,乙酸癸酯,丙酸甲酯,丙酸乙酯,丙酸丙酯,丙酸丁酯,丙酸戊酯,丙酸己酯,丙酸庚酯,丙酸辛酯,丙酸壬酯,丙酸癸酯,丁酸甲酯,丁酸乙酯,丁酸丙酯,丁酸丁酯,丁酸戊酯,丁酸己酯,丁酸庚酯,丁酸辛酯,丁酸壬酯,丁酸癸酯等;环烷基酯,例如甲酸环戊酯,甲酸环己酯,甲酸环庚酯,甲酸环辛酯,乙酸环戊酯,乙酸环己酯,乙酸环庚酯,乙酸环辛酯,丙酸环戊酯,丙酸环己酯,丙酸环庚酯,丙酸环辛酯,丁酸环戊酯,丁酸环己酯,丁酸环庚酯,丁酸环辛酯等;不饱和脂族酯,例如甲酸乙烯酯,甲酸烯丙酯,甲酸甲基烯丙酯,甲酸巴豆酯,乙酸乙烯酯,乙酸烯丙酯,乙酸甲基烯丙酯,乙酸巴豆酯,丙酸乙烯酯,丙酸烯丙酯,丙酸甲基烯丙酯,丙酸巴豆酯,丁酸乙烯酯,丁酸烯丙酯,丁酸甲基烯丙酯,丁酸巴豆酯等;不饱和酯,例如丙烯酸甲酯,巴豆酸甲酯,油酸甲酯,丙烯酸烯丙酯等;环烯基酯,例如甲酸环戊烯酯,甲酸环己烯酯,甲酸环庚烯酯,甲酸环辛烯酯,乙酸环戊烯酯,乙酸环己烯酯,乙酸环庚烯酯,乙酸环辛烯酯,丙酸环戊烯酯,丙酸环己烯酯,丙酸环庚烯酯,丙酸环辛烯酯,丁酸环戊烯酯,丁酸环己烯酯,丁酸环庚烯酯,丁酸环辛烯酯等;芳基酯,例如甲酸苄酯,乙酸苄酯,丙酸苄酯,丁酸苄酯,苯甲酸苄酯等。还要理解,此处列举的酯仅仅是可使用的酯族类的代表,和本发明不必然限制至此。
当使用碳酸酯作为起始材料时,通常可用下述反应表示该酯交换过程(流程2)
流程2
碳酸酯起始材料用化学式ROCOOR'表示,且可以是碳酸的烷基,芳烷基(或对应于这些的二价基团,例如亚烷基)酯,其中R和R'各自独立地是烷基,环烷基,芳基,芳烷基或烷芳基。可在本发明的酯交换反应中使用的碳酸酯的实例包括,但不限于碳酸亚乙酯,碳酸二乙酯,碳酸亚丙酯和碳酸二甲酯。
在前述两个反应流程中,合适的起始醇用化学式R"OH表示,其中R"是烷基(即,是指任选地被一个或更多个独立地选自下述中的取代基取代的直链或支链饱和无环烃单价基团:羟基,氨基,卤素,例如氟化和全氟化醇,烯基,单-或二-烷基-氨基,磺酸酯基,四烷基铵,氰基,烷硫基和杂环,其中包括饱和,不饱和和部分饱和的杂环,例如吗啉代或呋喃)或环烷基(即,含碳和氢原子的单环或多环的饱和环)。环烷基的实例包括,但不限于,(C3-C7)环烷基,例如环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基和环庚基,和饱和环状和双环萜烯类。环烷基可以未取代或者被一个,两个或更多个合适的取代基取代。优选地,环烷基是单环或双环,例如含有3-20个碳原子的低级烷基和环状低级烷基。在进一步的实施方案中,R"也可以是烷氧基烷基;烷基多烷氧基烷基;烷基苯氧基烷基;烷基多苯氧基烷基;苯基烷基;烷基苯基烷基;烷基吗啉代烷基;烷基哌啶基烷基;卤代烷基;氰烷基;烷硫基烷基;烷基咪唑啉酮;单-或二-烷基-氨烷基,例如二甲基氨乙基,噁唑烷;羟烷基,例如羟乙基,羟丁基和类似物,例如由乙二醇(例如聚乙二醇),丁二醇,聚氧亚乙基醇,和类似物衍生的那些。在特别的实施方案中,R"选自烷基,取代烷基(即,具有独立地选自下述中的一个或更多个取代基:氨基,卤素,例如氟化和全氟化醇;烯基;单-或二-烷基-氨基,例如二甲基-氨乙基;磺酸酯基;四烷基铵;氰基;烷硫基;和杂环,其中包括饱和,不饱和和部分饱和的杂环,例如吗啉代,噁唑烷,四氢咪唑或呋喃);环烷基;烷氧基烷基;烷基多烷氧基烷基;烷基苯氧基烷基;烷基多苯氧基烷基;苯基烷基;烷基苯基烷基;烷基吗啉代烷基;烷基哌啶子基烷基;羟烷基,例如羟乙基,羟丁基和类似物,例如由乙二醇(例如聚乙二醇),丁二醇,聚氧亚乙基醇和类似物衍生的那些。在更特别的实施方案中,R"选自烷基;环烷基;烷氧基烷基;烷基多烷氧基烷基;烷基苯氧基烷基;烷基多苯氧基烷基;苯基烷基;烷基苯基烷基;烷基吗啉代烷基;烷基哌啶子基烷基;卤代烷基;氰烷基;烷硫基烷基;烷基咪唑啉酮;单-或二-烷基-氨烷基,例如二甲基-氨乙基;烷基噁唑烷;羟烷基,例如羟乙基,羟丁基和类似物,例如由乙二醇(例如聚乙二醇),丁二醇,聚氧亚乙基醇和类似物衍生的那些。
优选其中在上述化合物中所述的烷基部分是具有2-20个碳原子的低级烷基的那些醇。醇的实例包括丁醇,戊醇,聚氧亚乙基的异癸基、月桂基、鲸蜡基、硬脂基、烷基醚,二甲基氨基乙醇,2-(N-噁唑烷基)乙基,2-(N-吗啉代)乙基,二环戊烯基氧基乙基和类似物。
用于酯交换反应的醇的合适性的通用要求是,它是具有比替代的低级烷基醇(R'OH)高的正常沸点,且对反应的相对温和的条件稳定。在使用之前,通过常规方法,例如通过共沸脱水,使含有相对高水含量(>1000ppm)的醇脱水,尽管发现本发明的催化剂容易耐受水含量为200-500ppm的醇且活性没有显著下降,这与现有技术的许多其他催化剂相反。
本发明的催化剂由用下述通式(I)表示的金属乙酰丙酮化物和盐M′m+[Xp-]n的混合物组成。
化学式I
其中n=1,2,3或4,且R1和R3各自独立地为C1-C4烷基或苯基,R2是氢,C1-C4烷基,苯基或取代苯基,例如对甲基苯基,对羟基苯基,和类似基团。金属的合适的螯合剂化合物包括例如乙酰丙酮化物,2,4-己二酮化物,3,5-庚二酮化物,3-苯基乙酰丙酮化物,2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮化物或1,3-二苯基丙酮化物。
M可以是铝,碱金属和碱土金属,例如锂,钠,钾,镁,钡和钙,或过渡金属,例如铟,锡,钪,钇,镧,铪,钛,锆,铬,锰,钴,镍,铜,锌或铁。优选的这一组成员是乙酰丙酮化锌(Zn(acac)2)和乙酰丙酮化铁(III)(Fe(acac)3)。
盐M`m+[XP-]n可含有无机或有机阳离子,即具有m+作为电荷的M`m+(即m是介于1-6的整数),优选Zn2+,Li+,Na+,NH4 +;和任何无机或有机阴离子,即具有P-作为电荷的XP-(即p是介于1-6的整数),例如卤根,碳酸根(CO3 2-),碳酸氢根(HCO3 -),磷酸根(PO4 3-),磷酸氢根(HPO4 2-),磷酸二氢根(H2PO4 -),硫酸根(SO4 2-),亚硫酸根(SO3 2-)和羧酸根;和其中n表示匹配阳离子电荷所需的阴离子数量。优选的阴离子是卤根,例如CI-,Br-和I-。优选的盐M`m+XP- n的成员是ZnCl2,LiCl,NaCl,NH4Cl,LiI。
金属乙酰丙酮化物和盐的摩尔比通常为1:1-10:1,和优选2:1-1:2。
可通过混合合适的乙酰丙酮化物盐与无机盐,在酯交换混合物或溶液中就地制备催化剂。本发明关键的方面是,在催化剂的制备中使用的单一盐在酯交换催化中不那么有效。
本发明的催化剂的使用量为约0.01-约5.0mol%,基于起始引入的醇,尤其约1.0-约5.0mol%;更尤其约1.25mol%。可使用较大用量的催化剂,但通常不需要。催化剂典型地在反应物结合开始时存在,且在整个反应期间保持存在。
在生产(甲基)丙烯酸酯的情况下,起始的(甲基)丙烯酸酯可用作共沸溶剂,以便有助于除去产物醇并驱动反应完成。其他合适的溶剂,例如己烷,环己烷,庚烷,甲苯也可用于这些目的。
饱和、芳族或不饱和(例如,(甲基)丙烯酸的)酯与醇的起始摩尔比通常为1:1-10:1,和优选2:1-5:1。
在大气压或减压条件下进行反应。合适的反应温度范围为约20℃-约140℃,更典型地约80℃-约120℃。
可在有机溶剂或其混合物内或者在没有添加溶剂的情况下,进行反应。合适的有机溶剂例如是叔醇,优选叔丁醇,叔戊醇,吡啶,聚-C1-C4-亚烷基二醇-C1-C4-烷基醚,优选均匀以及多相混合物内的1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,二甘醇二甲醚,聚乙二醇二甲醚500,C1-C4-亚烷基碳酸酯,尤其碳酸亚丙酯,C3-C6-烷基乙酸,尤其叔丁基乙酸,THF,甲苯,1,3-二噁烷,丙酮,异丁基甲基酮,乙基甲基酮,1,4-二噁烷,叔丁基甲醚,环己烷,甲基环己烷,甲苯,己烷,二甲氧基甲烷,1,1-二甲氧基乙烷,乙腈。
通常在催化剂存在下,使起始材料回流,同时产物醇从体系中共沸,这通过过量的起始酯促进。
起始材料在反应介质内或者溶解或者以固体形式悬浮或者乳液形式存在。
可例如在管状反应器内或者在串联反应器内连续或者不连续地发生反应。
对于这一转化来说,全部可在合适的反应器内发生转化。这些反应器是本领域技术人员已知的。优选的反应器是搅拌罐式反应器。
对于反应的混合来说,可使用常见的方法。不要求特别的搅拌器。可例如借助喂入气体,例如含氧气的气体(优选使用它),发生混合。反应介质可以在单相或多相内,和可溶解、悬浮或乳化该反应物。
在反应过程中,温度设定在所需的数值下,且可在反应工艺过程中视需要增加或降低。
使用本发明的催化剂,酯交换的反应时间通常为30分钟-24小时,优选1小时-12小时。
一旦反应完成,则可视需要通过采用过滤,电滤(electricalfiltration),吸附,离心滗析或用活性炭、中性氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化硅/氧化铝和类似物处理产物混合物,从产物中除去催化剂。
然而,如本发明前面发明内容已经提及的,不需要从反应介质中除去催化剂,因为催化剂的存在对最终的酯交换产物没有有害的影响,且不可能干扰后处理步骤,例如随后聚合不饱和产物,或者在许多饱和、芳族或不饱和产物的其他应用。
若从反应介质中除去催化剂,则这可例如简单地通过过滤或蒸发反应产物来实现(催化剂,即盐络合物保留)。它们可在没有显著丧失活性的情况下,在随后的轮次中使用。
正因为如此,本发明的催化剂络合物遵守催化剂候选物通常要求的能力:
-催化剂应当显示出高的活性,即在有限的时间段以内,活跃地且有效地促进酯交换反应。根据下文例举的部分显而易见的是,本发明的催化剂络合物对酯交换的转化速率具有显著的影响;
-催化剂应当显示出高选择性。再者且根据下文的例举部分显而易见的是,本发明的催化剂络合物导致高的酯交换产率;
-在占主导的操作条件下,催化剂应当显示出充足的稳定性,能回收和再用于酯交换反应中且没有丧失其活性和选择性。正如此处广泛地描述的,可从反应介质中容易地循环本发明的催化剂络合物且没有显著丧失活性;和
-催化剂还应当便宜地生产。考虑到在反应混合物中就地制备催化剂且在酯交换反应过程中不需要从反应介质中除去最终的试剂残渣和进一步的反应产物的可能性,本发明的催化剂的操作便宜(不要求预合成和分离)。
根据本发明的酯交换的反应条件是温和的。由于低温和其他温和的条件,因此,当使用(甲基)丙烯酸酯时,因非所需的自由基聚合导致副产物的形成受到抑制。在其他情况下,仅仅可通过添加显著量的自由基抑制剂来防止这一聚合。这种自由基抑制剂的实例包括氢醌,氢醌单甲醚,苯并噻嗪,二乙基羟胺,酚类,例如2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,6-叔丁基-2,4-二甲基苯酚,儿茶酚类,例如二叔丁基儿茶酚,TEMPO衍生物,例如4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基或4-氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基。这些抑制剂的使用量通常为50-2000ppm。另外,也可发现,在抑制剂存在下,氧气有益地抑制聚合,并将其通常以含氧气的气体,优选空气形式引入到反应体系中,其用量使得在反应混合物上方的气相保持低于爆炸极限。
在丙烯酸酯类的情况下,酯交换反应的最终产物在分散体,例如丙烯酰基类分散体的制备中用作单体或共聚单体,例如在可自由基固化的涂料中或者在色料中,以及在造纸工业,化妆品工业,药物工业,农业,纺织品工业和产油应用用分散体中,用作反应性溶剂。
在进一步的方面中,本发明提供在羧酸或碳酸的酯的酯交换反应中使用的催化剂,所述催化剂的特征在于它由金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂和盐的结合物组成。
在特别的实施方案中且在前面已经说明过,盐优选选自ZnCl2,LiCl,NaCl,NH4Cl,和LiI;和在前述结合物中的金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂用下式表示:
其中n=1、2、3或4;R1是C1-C4烷基,苯基或取代苯基;R2是氢,C1-C4烷基,苯基或取代苯基;R3是C1-C4烷基,苯基或取代苯基;M表示金属阳离子,它典型地选自贱金属(poor metal),例如铝;碱金属和碱土金属,例如锂,钠,钾,镁,钡和钙;和过渡金属,例如铟,锡,钪,钇,镧,铪,钛,锆,铬,锰,钴,镍,铜,锌或铁。在本发明的一个特别的实施方案中,盐选自LiCl,LiI,ZnCl2或Cs2CO3;更特别地选自LiCl,LiI,或ZnCl2;和在前述结合物中的金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂用下式表示:
其中n=1、2、3或4;R1是C1-C4烷基,苯基或取代苯基;R2是氢,C1-C4烷基,苯基或取代苯基;R3是C1-C4烷基,苯基或取代苯基;和其中M表示选自锌或铁中的金属阳离子,;更特别地金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂的特征在于n=1、2、3或4;R1和R3各自独立地为C1-C4烷基(优选甲基);R2是氢;和M表示选自锌或铁中的金属阳离子。甚至更特别地,金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂选自乙酰丙酮化锌(Zn(acac)2)或乙酰丙酮化铁(Fe(acac)3)。
已经概括地描述了本发明,以下为了阐述本发明的目的,提供更加具体的实施例。
实施例1
混合盐对典型反应(纯粹)的影响
向Corning管中引入2ml乙酸乙酯(20.47mmol;17当量),0.125ml苄醇(1.20mmol;1当量)和催化剂。在80℃下加热该混合物。通过气相色谱法分析样品。表1中概述了结果。
表1:在80℃下形成的%乙酸苄酯
实施例2混合盐在溶剂中的影响
将0.216ml苄醇(2.09mmol;1当量)和0.204ml乙酸乙酯(2.09mmol;1当量)溶解在2ml甲苯(18.82mmol;9当量)中。在催化剂存在下,在80℃下加热该混合物。通过气相色谱法分析样品。表2中概述了结果。:
表2:在80℃下形成的%乙酸苄酯
实施例3在与碳酸二甲酯的反应中,混合的Zn和Fe的acac盐的影响
在Corning管中一起混合2ml碳酸二甲酯(23.73mmol;17当量),0.144ml苄醇(1.40mmol;1当量)和催化剂。在搅拌下加热混合物到80℃。通过气相色谱法分析产物分布。表3中列出了所得结果。
表3:在80℃下形成的%苄基甲基碳酸酯
实施例4苄醇与碳酸二甲酯反应(放大规模)
向500ml烧瓶中装载160g碳酸二甲酯(1.78mol),48g苄醇(0.44mol),5.9g乙酰丙酮锌(22.2mmol)和3g碘化锂(22.2mmol)。该烧瓶配有搅拌器,温度计和分馏柱。在大气压下将该混合物加热至回流,同时从分馏柱的上端部分中除去DMC和甲醇的共沸混合物。按照这一方式继续反应3小时,同时在柱顶的温度为约63℃,和油浴的温度为130℃。通过真空过滤,回收催化剂,并减压除去过量DMC。GC-分析表明苄醇完全转化成两种产物的混合物:78%苄基甲基碳酸酯和22%碳酸二苄酯。
实施例5采用回收的催化剂,苄醇与碳酸二甲酯反应(放大规模)
向装有160g新鲜的碳酸二甲酯和48g新鲜的苄醇的500ml烧瓶中添加来自实施例4的回收催化剂,即乙酰丙酮锌与碘化锂的结合物。该烧瓶配有搅拌器,温度计和分馏柱。在大气压下将该混合物加热至回流,同时从分馏柱的上端部分中除去DMC和甲醇的共沸混合物。按照这一方式继续反应3小时,同时在柱顶的温度为约63℃,和油浴的温度为130℃。GC-分析表明回收的催化剂维持了其活性(表4)。
表4:催化剂的回收:%转化的DMC
催化剂的使用# | 2h | 3h |
第一次使用 | 94% | 100% |
第二次使用 | 95% | 100% |
实施例6异戊二烯醇(即异戊二烯基醇)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应
在50ppm苯并噻嗪,500ppm氢醌单甲醚和催化剂存在下,在65℃下加热甲基丙烯酸甲酯(3ml;28.17mmol;5当量)和异戊二烯醇(0.572ml;5.63mmol;1当量)的混合物。利用气相色谱法测定转化率。表5中示出了结果。
表5:在65℃下形成的产物(%)
实施例7异戊二烯醇与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应(规模放大)
将188g甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA;1.88mol),35g异戊二烯醇(0.40mol),1.24g乙酰丙酮锌(4.7mmol),0.2g LiCl(4.7mmol),0.9g苯并噻嗪(4.5mmol)和0.7g氢醌单甲醚(5.6mmol)加入到配有搅拌器、温度计和分馏柱的500ml烧瓶中。在大气压下加热回流该混合物,同时在柱顶除去MMA和甲醇的共沸混合物。2小时之后完成反应。在反应过程中柱顶处的温度为65℃,同时反应容器内的温度为130℃。减压(100mbar)除去过量MMA。通过真空蒸馏分离产物与催化剂和抑制剂。获得61g(99.0%产率)透明无色的液体。气-液色谱(GLC)分析表明异戊二烯醇99.7%转化成95%纯度的甲基丙烯酸异戊二烯酯。
实施例8异戊二烯醇与丙烯酸甲酯反应
在苯并噻嗪(8.8mg;1mol%)、氢醌单甲醚(8.3mg;1.5mol%)和催化剂存在下,在65℃下加热丙烯酸甲酯(2ml;22.22mmol;5当量)和异戊二烯醇(0.451ml;4.44mmol;1当量)的混合物。利用气相色谱法测定转化率。表6中示出了结果。
表6:在65℃下形成的产物(%)
实施例9苯甲酸甲酯与1-丁醇反应
通过添加216g苯甲酸甲酯(1.59mol),132g正丁醇(1.78mol),21g乙酰丙酮锌(0.08mol),5.4g ZnCl2(0.04mol)和100ml环己烷到配有搅拌器、温度计、分馏柱和Dean & Stark分水器的1升烧瓶中,进行苯甲酸丁酯的制备。加热该溶液至大气下回流,同时在柱顶处除去环己烷和甲醇的共沸混合物。按照这一方式继续反应约7小时。反应混合物的分析表明苯甲酸甲酯94%转化成苯甲酸丁酯。
实施例10对苯二甲酸二甲酯与1,3-丙二醇反应
向配有搅拌器和蒸馏柱的250ml烧瓶中引入58.5g对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)和45.7g1,3-丙二醇,其中1,3-丙二醇:DMT的摩尔比为2:1。然后用氮气吹扫烧瓶,并加热烧瓶的内容物。当烧瓶内部的温度达到约150℃且所有DMT熔融时,添加4g无水乙酰丙酮锌和0.3g氯化锂。通过添加催化剂,放出甲醇。通过蒸馏除去甲醇。在150℃下保持该温度,并且取收集的甲醇量作为反应进展的量度。表7中示出了收集的甲醇的累积量对应于时间。在80分钟内收集总计23.5ml甲醇。完全酯交换的理论甲醇量为24.4ml。一些甲醇可保持在反应混合物内,并且在缩聚过程中通过施加真空而被除去。
表7:甲醇的放出对应于时间
时间(分钟) | MeOH(ml) |
0 | 0 |
5 | 10 |
8 | 15 |
17 | 18 |
25 | 20 |
35 | 21 |
46 | 22 |
60 | 23 |
80 | 23.5 |
实施例11甲基丙烯酸甲酯与1-癸醇反应
向配有搅拌器、温度计和Vigreux分馏柱的1升烧瓶中添加188g(1.88mol)甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),59.4g(0.376mol)正癸醇,1.25mol%乙酰丙酮锌,1.25mol%LiCl和0.75g苯并噻嗪和0.62g氢醌自由基聚合抑制剂。在大气压下加热该混合物至回流,同时从分馏柱的上端部分中除去MMA和甲醇的共沸混合物。按照这一方式继续反应约5小时。在真空过滤催化剂和抑制剂之后,真空除去过量MMA,并分离所得甲基丙烯酸正癸酯(DMA)(84.3grams,99.1%产率)和分析。气-液色谱(GLC)分析表明1-癸醇99%转化成98%纯度的DMA。
实施例12采用回收的催化剂,使甲基丙烯酸甲酯与1-癸醇反应
向配有搅拌器、温度计和Vigreux分馏柱的1升烧瓶中添加188g新鲜MMA,59.4g新鲜1-癸醇和实施例11的回收的催化剂与抑制剂。在大气压下加热该混合物至回流,同时从分馏柱的上端部分中除去MMA和甲醇的共沸混合物。按照这一方式继续反应约5小时。GC-分析表明1-癸醇完全转化成DMA,这证明回收的催化剂仍然具有活性。
实施例13月桂酸甲酯与丁醇反应
向配有搅拌器和蒸馏柱的500ml烧瓶中引入62.5g(0.29mol)月桂酸甲酯,162g(2.19mol)正丁醇,3.8g(15mmol)Zn(acac)2和1g(7.5mmol)LiI。在大气压下加热该混合物至回流,同时从分馏柱的上端部分中除去甲醇。油浴的温度保持在130℃下,和按照这一方式继续反应5小时。一旦反应完成,则蒸馏掉过量丁醇,并获得透明黄色的油状物。气-液色谱分析表明月桂酸甲酯完全转化成月桂酸丁酯。
实施例142-乙基-1,3-己二醇与乙酸乙酯反应,证明对伯和仲醇的选择性(流程3)
在5mol%Zn(acac)2(0.06mmol)和5mol%LiCl(0.06mmol)存在下,混合17当量乙酸乙酯(2.015mL;20.5mmol)和1当量2-乙基-1,3-己二醇(0.185mL;1.2mmol)。在密封的小瓶中,在80℃下搅拌该混合物。在1,4,6和24小时之后,从反应混合物中取出样品以供GC-分析(表8)。
流程3
表8:在80℃下形成的产物(%)
根据表9,显而易见的是,使用本发明的催化剂,实际上在没有形成二酯的情况下,选择性形成单酯。
表9:在80℃下的单/二-酯之比(%)
实施例153-甲基-1,3-丁二醇与乙酸乙酯反应,证明相对于叔醇,伯醇的选择性(流程4)
在5mol%Zn(acac)2(0.06mmol)和5mol%LiCl(0.06mmol)存在下,混合17当量乙酸乙酯(2.015mL;20.5mmol)和1当量3-甲基-1,3-丁二醇(0.130mL;1.2mmol)。在密封的小瓶中,在80℃下搅拌该混合物。在1,4,6和24小时之后,从反应混合物中取出样品以供GC-分析(表10)。
流程4
根据表11,显而易见的是,使用本发明的催化剂,实际上在没有形成二酯的情况下,选择性形成单酯。
表10:在80℃下形成的产物(%)
表11:在80℃下的单/二-酯之比(%)
实施例162-甲基-2,4-戊二醇与乙酸乙酯反应,证明相对于叔醇,仲醇的选择性(流程5)
在5mol%Zn(acac)2(0.06mmol)和5mol%LiCl(0.06mmol)存在下,混合17当量乙酸乙酯(2.015mL;20.5mmol)和1当量2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇(0.155mL;1.2mmol)。在密封的小瓶中,在80℃下搅拌该混合物。在1,4,6和24小时之后,从反应混合物中取出样品以供GC-分析(表12)。
流程5
根据表13,显而易见的是,使用本发明的催化剂,实际上在没有形成二酯的情况下,选择性形成单酯。
表12:在80℃下形成的产物(%)
表13:在80℃下的单/二-酯之比(%)
实施例17L-乳酸乙酯与苄醇反应,证明选择性(流程6)
在5mol%Zn(acac)2(0.0005mmol)和5mol%LiCl(0.0005mmol)存在下,混合1当量L-乳酸乙酯(1.140ml;0.001mmol)和1当量苄醇(1.035ml;0.001mmol)。在密封的小瓶中,在80℃下搅拌该混合物。在1,4,6和24小时之后,从反应混合物中取出样品以供GC-分析(表14)。
流程6
采用这些试剂,并利用标准催化剂,人们典型地获得形成显著部分的二酯,其中形成苄酯是所需的。根据表13,显而易见的是,使用本发明的催化剂,形成苄酯的选择性显著提高。
表14在80℃下形成的苄酯/二酯(%)之比
仅仅通过阐述列出了本发明的前述说明。对于本领域的技术人员来说,容易显而易见的是,可在没有脱离以上描述和下述权利要求中体现的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,容易地利用其他变化和改性。
Claims (18)
1.用于羧酸或碳酸的酯的酯交换的酯交换方法,该方法包括在催化剂存在下,使用醇,其特征在于催化剂由金属1,3-二羰基络合物和盐组成。
2.权利要求1的酯交换方法,该方法包括:
在催化剂存在下,用化学式2的醇处理化学式1的羧酸的烷基酯,其中在化学式1中,R是所述羧酸的饱和或不饱和脂族或芳族残基,和其中R'是烷基,环烷基,芳基,芳烷基或烷芳基;或其中R和R'与它们连接的原子一起为环的一部分,其中在化学式2中,R″是被独立地选自下述中的一个或更多个取代基任选取代的烷基:羟基,氨基,卤素,例如氟化和全氟化醇,烯基,单-或二-烷基-氨基,磺酸酯基,叔烷基铵,氰基,烷硫基和杂环,其中包括饱和、不饱和和部分饱和的杂环,例如吗啉代或呋喃;烷氧基烷基;烷基多烷氧基烷基;烷基苯氧基烷基;烷基多苯氧基烷基;苯基烷基;烷基苯基烷基;烷基吗啉代烷基;烷基哌啶子基烷基;卤代烷基;氰烷基;烷硫基烷基;烷基咪唑啉酮;单-或二-烷基-氨烷基;噁唑烷;或羟烷基,其特征在于催化剂由金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂和盐的混合物组成。
3.权利要求1的酯交换方法,该方法包括:
在催化剂存在下,用化学式2的醇处理化学式3的碳酸酯,其中在化学式3中,R和R'各自独立地为烷基,环烷基,芳基,芳烷基或烷芳基;其中在化学式2中,R″是被独立地选自下述中的一个或更多个取代基任选取代的烷基:羟基,氨基,卤素,例如氟化和全氟化醇,烯基,单-或二-烷基-氨基,磺酸酯基,四烷基铵,氰基,烷硫基和杂环,其中包括饱和、不饱和和部分饱和的杂环,例如吗啉代或呋喃;烷氧基烷基;烷基多烷氧基烷基;烷基苯氧基烷基;烷基多苯氧基烷基;苯基烷基;烷基苯基烷基;烷基吗啉代烷基;烷基哌啶子基烷基;卤代烷基;氰烷基;烷硫基烷基;烷基咪唑啉酮;单-或二-烷基-氨烷基;噁唑烷;或羟烷基,其特征在于催化剂由金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂和盐的混合物组成。
4.权利要求2或3的酯交换方法,其中R″是烷基;取代烷基;环烷基;烷氧基烷基;烷基多烷氧基烷基;烷基苯氧基烷基;烷基多苯氧基烷基;苯基烷基;烷基苯基烷基;烷基吗啉代烷基;烷基哌啶子基烷基;卤代烷基;氰烷基;烷硫基烷基;烷基咪唑啉酮;单-或二-烷基-氨烷基,例如二甲基-氨乙基;烷基噁唑烷;羟烷基,例如羟乙基,羟丁基;由乙二醇,丁二醇,聚氧亚乙基醇和类似物衍生的那些。
5.权利要求1-3任何一项的酯交换方法,其中醇(R″OH)选自丁醇,戊醇,聚氧亚乙基的异癸基、月桂基、鲸蜡基、硬脂基、烷基醚,二甲基氨基乙醇,2-(N-噁唑烷基)乙基,2-(N-吗啉代)乙基,二环戊烯基氧基乙基和类似物。
7.权利要求1-5任何一项的方法,其中盐含有任何无机或有机阳离子和无机或有机阴离子。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中盐含有选自Zn2+,Li+,Na+,NH4 +和类似物中的任何无机或有机阳离子。
9.权利要求7的方法,其中盐含有选自下述中的任何无机或有机阴离子:卤根,碳酸根(CO3 2-),碳酸氢根(HCO3 -),磷酸根(PO4 3-),磷酸氢根(HPO4 2-),磷酸二氢根(H2PO4 -),硫酸根(SO4 2-),亚硫酸根(SO3 2-)和羧酸根;尤其卤根,例如Cl-,Br-和I-。
11.权利要求1-10任何一项的方法,其中催化剂由金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂和盐的混合物组成,其中各自的摩尔比为1:20-10:1,尤其各自的摩尔比为2:1-1:2。
12.权利要求1-11任何一项的方法,其中催化剂与高级醇的摩尔比范围为约0.0001-约0.10:1。
13.权利要求6的方法,其中n=1、2、3或4;R1和R3各自独立地为C1-C4烷基或苯基;和R2是氢,C1-C4烷基,苯基或取代苯基,例如对甲基苯基,对羟基苯基和类似基团。
14.在酯交换方法中使用的催化剂,所述催化剂包括金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂和盐的结合物。
16.权利要求14的催化剂,其中盐含有选自Zn2+,Li+,Na+,NH4 +和类似物中的无机或有机阳离子;和选自卤根,碳酸根(CO3 2-),碳酸氢根(HCO3 -),磷酸根(PO4 3-),磷酸氢根(HPO4 2-),磷酸二氢根(H2PO4 -),硫酸根(SO4 2-),亚硫酸根(SO3 2-)和羧酸根中的无机或有机阴离子。
17.权利要求14的催化剂,其中盐选自ZnCl2,LiCl,NaCl,NH4Cl,和LiI。
18.权利要求14的催化剂,其中金属1,3-二羰基螯合剂和盐的摩尔比为约1:20-10:1,尤其约2:1-1:2。
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CN107406363A (zh) * | 2015-03-10 | 2017-11-28 | 东亚合成株式会社 | (甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法 |
CN107428664A (zh) * | 2015-03-12 | 2017-12-01 | 株式会社可乐丽 | (甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物的制造方法 |
CN105330537A (zh) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-17 | 抚顺东联安信化学有限公司 | 丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯的制备方法 |
CN109890483A (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2019-06-14 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 氧吸收剂 |
TWI742189B (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2021-10-11 | 日商可樂麗股份有限公司 | 氧吸收劑 |
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CN109890483B (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2022-03-01 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 氧吸收剂 |
CN109748826A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-14 | 京博农化科技有限公司 | 一种茚虫威中间体肼基甲酸苄酯的合成方法 |
CN109748826B (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-09-21 | 京博农化科技有限公司 | 一种茚虫威中间体肼基甲酸苄酯的合成方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20140002591A (ko) | 2014-01-08 |
JP2013533861A (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
EP2582453B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
MX341537B (es) | 2016-08-24 |
JP5916722B2 (ja) | 2016-05-11 |
CN103140287B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
GB201009969D0 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
EP2582453A2 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
US20130090492A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
US8865931B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
BR112012031918B1 (pt) | 2019-07-02 |
MX2012014722A (es) | 2013-04-11 |
KR101863154B1 (ko) | 2018-07-04 |
WO2011157645A3 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
BR112012031918A2 (pt) | 2016-11-08 |
RS55808B1 (sr) | 2017-08-31 |
WO2011157645A2 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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