CN102986511A - Dendrobium officinale cultivation method - Google Patents
Dendrobium officinale cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986511A CN102986511A CN2012103809790A CN201210380979A CN102986511A CN 102986511 A CN102986511 A CN 102986511A CN 2012103809790 A CN2012103809790 A CN 2012103809790A CN 201210380979 A CN201210380979 A CN 201210380979A CN 102986511 A CN102986511 A CN 102986511A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Dendrobium officinale cultivation method, which comprises the steps of matrix preparation, transplanting stock selection and treatment, field planting, post-planting management, harvest and the like. In the planting process, the Dendrobium officinale substantially does not suffer from diseases and pests, and the use of pesticide is not needed, thus greatly improving the edible safety of the Dendrobium officinale. The input-output ratio of the Dendrobium officinale obtained by the cultivation method is 1.35-1.56 times higher than that of the Dendrobium officinale obtained by other Dendrobium officinale cultivation methods, thus realizing safe and high-efficiency cultivation of Dendrobium officinale, being beneficial to protection of the wild Dendrobium officinale resource which is in danger of extinction, but also promoting the development of enterprises of traditional Chinese medicines with Dendrobium officinale as a raw material, and bringing about good ecological effect, economic benefit and social effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum is traditional rare Chinese medicine, is considered to since ancient times the treasure of enriching yin help.In Shennong's Herbal before more than 1400 years and the ancient books such as Compendium of Material Medica before more than 400 year, just there is dendrobium candidum to have the record of the effects such as Yin-nourishing and body fluid promoting.Utilize modern medical means to confirm that also dendrobium candidum contains alkaloid and the compositions such as methine stem of noble dendrobium element, stem of noble dendrobium quinone, volatile oil and polysaccharide such as dendrobine, the stem of noble dendrobium time alkali.Dendrobium candidum mainly is distributed in the mountain valley of height above sea level 600-2500m and partly sets on upper or the border rock in the dark and damp woods, and the ecotope of requirement is more special, and the dendrobium candidum fruit-setting rate is low, and seed is difficult for germinateing, and the natural propagation rate is extremely low; Yin Senlin wrecks again, and living environment worsens, and adds long-term the excavating of people, and wild dendrobium candidum resource is more and more rare, and provenance has been faced exhaustion, is in endangered condition.In " Chinese Plants Red Data Book " (publishing in 1991), be listed in endangered species.Therefore the artificial cultivation that develops dendrobium candidum becomes the road of protecting and utilizing the certainty of dendrobium candidum resource.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method; both be conducive to the wild dendrobium candidum protection of resources to disappearance in imminent danger; promote again the development with the traditional Chinese medicine enterprise of dendrobium candidum raw material, can bring good ecological effect, economic benefits and social effect.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
Adopt cow dung, bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag to mix as matrix according to the ratio of 2-3:1-2:1:1, bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag all need behind high-temp sterilizing before using, be placed in the Chinese herbal medicine fluid and soak 20-24h in the immersion, wherein, described modification paulownia sawdust prepares by the following method: add the nano-sized carbon of 1-2%, the ammonium molybdate of 2-3%, the aluminium hydroxide of 5-6%, the brown sugar of 2-3%, the alcohol effluent of 5-6% in the paulownia sawdust, mix mixing;
(2) selection of transplanting stock and processing
Select life in 1 year or life in 2 years and robust growth, color and luster is light green, sprouting is many, well developed root system, do kind of a strain without the plant of damage by disease and insect, cut off long fibrous root and the old stem more than 3 years, stay 2-3 centimetre, the strain clump is cut, be divided into Xiao Cong, then the strain of every Cong Liuyou 3-5 root band base of leaf is put into Chinese herbal medicine fluid with transplanting stock and is soaked 10-20min, in case group training shoot root rots;
(3) field planting
The field planting time was advisable in annual 3-6 month, be chosen under the more dark and damp woods, cow dung is inserted in the hollow brick after mixing with bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag, make the cavity be built into wall towards both sides, both sides all can be planted, with 1 clump of plantation of 3 strains, root system is unfolded naturally, matrix is covered root be advisable, with cow dung or wooden peg fixed race shoot root, water sufficient normal root water;
(4) plant rear management
1. temperature and Illumination adjusting
The dendrobium candidum optimum growth temperature is 20-32 ℃, when summer temperature is too high, take to shade and the measure such as the little spray humidification of lowering the temperature, winter temperature is crossed when hanging down, should note antifreeze, preferably remain on more than 0 ℃, when temperature is low, bedding one deck straw around, the optimal light intensity of Growth of Dendrobium candidum is 5000-10000lux,, shading in summer 40-50%, shading at noon in autumn 20-30%, not shading in winter, the illumination deficiency should suitably increase intensity of illumination, avoids causing leaf growth weak because illumination is not enough
2. water and apply fertilizer
New cultivation seedling will be strengthened moisture control, keep matrix to be in moisture state, relative moisture is controlled at 70-80%, and overdrying affects survival rate, crosses wet easily mashed root, water once 5-7 days early spring, 4-5 month temperature gos up, and sprouting begins the vigorous growth increase and waters the water yield, waters once in every 3-4 days, 1-2 days summer once, want the cloth cascade when xeothermic, spraying is watered and was carried out before 10 o'clock every days to increase air humidity, cultivation can be sprayed foliage fertilizer in every 10-15 days after surviving January afterwards, when new root grows 10-15cm, can mix fertilizer thoroughly with river silt and stick with paste at root, help it to grow up strong and sturdy, stop fertilising winter
3. prune and weeding
In conjunction with gather old stem wipe out withered stem clump in when germinateing annual spring, and except preventing or cure a disease stem and the overstocked weak stem of growing, promote the sprouting growth, answers weeding 2-3 time every year, Clear and Bright and carrying out in the Beginning of Winter of around extremely in the annual Spring Equinox, removes weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves,
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest
The insect pest of dendrobium candidum main diseases is the common anthracnose of orchid, snail, slug etc., and the principle of control is that anti-overweighting controlled, and therefore before also serious damage by disease and insect not occuring, can spray the plant resource biological insecticides per ten days one time;
(5) gather
Dendrobium candidum plantation 2-3 can gather, suitable harvest period be after the Beginning of Winter to the Clear and Bright, when gathering with scissors cut always stay tender, in order to continue results.
Described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 20-30 part kuh-seng, 10-20 part Herba Carpesii macrocephali, 20-30 part root of langdu, 15-20 part Mikania micrantha, 10-15 part root of Beijing euphorbia, 10-20 part Artemisia scoparia, 20-30 part French marigold, 10-20 part fig are made through steps such as pulverizing, soak, filter, be concentrated.
Described foliage fertilizer is doubly formed by the superphosphate liquid of 30-40%, the urea of 20-30%, the ash leachate of 10-20%, the humic acid of 5-10%, the magnesium sulfate of 1-2%, the zinc sulphate of 1-2%, the borax of 0.5-1%, the rear dilute with water 200-300 of ammonium molybdate mixing of 0.5-1%.
Described fertilizer is that the rice straw by the vinasse of the colza cake of the peanut press pulp of the dung polluted water of 20-30%, 20-30%, 10-20%, 5-10%, 10-15% forms through ferment mushroom heap fermentation.
Described plant resource biological insecticides are the raw materials by following weight portion: 10-20 part henbane, 10-15 part Tobacco Leaf, 10-15 part Chinese cassia tree, 10-20 part Celastrus angulatus, 5-8 part Rhododendron molle, 5-8 part grass-leaved sweetflag, 10-12 part derris root are made through decocting, concentrating.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention is by adopting Chinese herbal medicine fluid that immersion, the prevention of plant resource biological insecticides of matrix and transplanting stock are sprayed, can greatly reduce the damage by disease and insect of dendrobium candidum, purified the growing environment of dendrobium candidum, in the invention process planting process, dendrobium candidum there is no the generation damage by disease and insect, need not to use agricultural chemicals, greatly improved the edible safety of dendrobium candidum.The input-output ratio of the inventive method gained dendrobium candidum is compared with the input-output ratio of other officinal dendrobium stem plantation method gained and is exceeded 1.35-1.56 doubly; realized the safe and efficient cultivation of dendrobium candidum; both be conducive to the wild dendrobium candidum protection of resources to disappearance in imminent danger; promote again the development with the traditional Chinese medicine enterprise of dendrobium candidum raw material, can bring good ecological effect, economic benefits and social effect.
Embodiment
Embodiment
A kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
Adopt cow dung, bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag to mix as matrix according to the ratio of 2:2:1:1, bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag all need behind high-temp sterilizing before using, be placed in the Chinese herbal medicine fluid and soak 24h in the immersion, wherein, described modification paulownia sawdust prepares by the following method: add 2% nano-sized carbon, 3% ammonium molybdate, 5% aluminium hydroxide, 2% brown sugar, 6% alcohol effluent in the paulownia sawdust, mix mixing;
(2) selection of transplanting stock and processing
Select life in 2 years and robust growth, color and luster is light green, sprouting is many, well developed root system, do kind of a strain without the plant of damage by disease and insect, cut off long fibrous root and the old stem more than 3 years, stay 3 centimetres, the strain clump is cut, be divided into Xiao Cong, then the strain of 5 bands of every Cong Liuyou base of leaf is put into Chinese herbal medicine fluid with transplanting stock and is soaked 15min, in case group training shoot root rots;
(3) field planting
The field planting time is selected in annual May, be chosen under the more dark and damp woods, cow dung is inserted in the hollow brick after mixing with bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag, make the cavity be built into wall towards both sides, both sides all can be planted, with 1 clump of plantation of 3 strains, root system is unfolded naturally, matrix is covered root be advisable, with cow dung or wooden peg fixed race shoot root, water sufficient normal root water;
(4) plant rear management
1. temperature and Illumination adjusting
The dendrobium candidum optimum growth temperature is 20-32 ℃, when summer temperature is too high, takes to shade and the measure such as the little spray humidification of lowering the temperature, winter temperature is crossed when low, should note antifreezely, preferably remains on more than 0 ℃, when temperature is low, bedding one deck straw around, the optimal light intensity of Growth of Dendrobium candidum is 5000-10000lux,, summer, shading 50%, and noon in autumn, shading 30%, not shading in winter, the illumination deficiency should suitably increase intensity of illumination, avoids causing leaf growth weak because illumination is not enough
2. water and apply fertilizer
New cultivation seedling will be strengthened moisture control, keep matrix to be in moisture state, relative moisture is controlled at 70-80%, and overdrying affects survival rate, crosses wet easily mashed root, water once 7 days early springs, 4-5 month temperature gos up, and sprouting begins the vigorous growth increase and waters the water yield, waters once in per 4 days, 2 days summers once, want the cloth cascade when xeothermic, spraying is watered and was carried out before 10 o'clock every days to increase air humidity, cultivation can be sprayed foliage fertilizer in per 12 days after surviving January afterwards, when new root grows 12cm, can mix fertilizer thoroughly with river silt and stick with paste at root, help it to grow up strong and sturdy, stop fertilising winter
3. prune and weeding
In conjunction with gather old stem wipe out withered stem clump in when germinateing annual spring, and except preventing or cure a disease stem and the overstocked weak stem of growing, promote the sprouting growth, answers weeding every year 3 times, in the annual Spring Equinox to Clear and Bright with carry out in the Beginning of Winter of around, remove weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves,
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest
The insect pest of dendrobium candidum main diseases is the common anthracnose of orchid, snail, slug etc., and the principle of control is that anti-overweighting controlled, and therefore before also serious damage by disease and insect not occuring, can spray the plant resource biological insecticides per ten days one time;
(5) gather
Dendrobium candidum plantation can be gathered in 3 years, suitable harvest period be after the Beginning of Winter to the Clear and Bright, when gathering with scissors cut always stay tender, in order to continue results.
Described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 26 parts of kuh-sengs, 15 parts of Herba Carpesii macrocephalis, 22 parts of roots of langdu, 18 parts of Mikania micranthas, 12 parts of roots of Beijing euphorbia, 16 parts of Artemisia scoparias, 28 parts of French marigolds, 16 parts of figs are made through steps such as pulverizing, soak, filter, be concentrated.
300 times of dilute with waters formed after described foliage fertilizer was mixed by 36% superphosphate liquid, 30% urea, 18% ash leachate, 10% humic acid, 2% magnesium sulfate, 2% zinc sulphate, 1% borax, 1% ammonium molybdate.
Described fertilizer is to be formed through ferment mushroom heap fermentation by 30% dung polluted water, 28% peanut press pulp, 18% colza cake, 10% vinasse, 14% rice straw.
Described plant resource biological insecticides are the raw materials by following weight portion: 18 portions of henbanes, 12 parts of Tobacco Leafs, 15 portions of Chinese cassia trees, 16 parts of Celastrus angulatus, 7 parts of Rhododendron molles, 8 parts of grass-leaved sweetflags, 12 parts of derris roots are made through decocting, concentrating.
Compare with traditional cultivation, the input-output ratio information slip of cultivation method of the present invention is as follows:
By reality plantation contrast proof, utilize the dendrobium candidum input-output ratio of cultivation method gained of the present invention to be better than the traditional cultivation method.Output improves more than 20% than conventional method.
Claims (5)
1. officinal dendrobium stem plantation method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
Adopt cow dung, bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag to mix as matrix according to the ratio of 2-3:1-2:1:1, bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag all need behind high-temp sterilizing before using, be placed in the Chinese herbal medicine fluid and soak 20-24h in the immersion, wherein, described modification paulownia sawdust prepares by the following method: add the nano-sized carbon of 1-2%, the ammonium molybdate of 2-3%, the aluminium hydroxide of 5-6%, the brown sugar of 2-3%, the alcohol effluent of 5-6% in the paulownia sawdust, mix mixing;
(2) selection of transplanting stock and processing
Select life in 1 year or life in 2 years and robust growth, color and luster is light green, sprouting is many, well developed root system, do kind of a strain without the plant of damage by disease and insect, cut off long fibrous root and the old stem more than 3 years, stay 2-3 centimetre, the strain clump is cut, be divided into Xiao Cong, then the strain of every Cong Liuyou 3-5 root band base of leaf is put into Chinese herbal medicine fluid with transplanting stock and is soaked 10-20min, in case group training shoot root rots;
(3) field planting
The field planting time was advisable in annual 3-6 month, be chosen under the more dark and damp woods, cow dung is inserted in the hollow brick after mixing with bark, modification paulownia sawdust, slag, make the cavity be built into wall towards both sides, both sides all can be planted, with 1 clump of plantation of 3 strains, root system is unfolded naturally, matrix is covered root be advisable, with cow dung or wooden peg fixed race shoot root, water sufficient normal root water;
(4) plant rear management
1. temperature and Illumination adjusting
The dendrobium candidum optimum growth temperature is 20-32 ℃, when summer temperature is too high, take to shade and the measure such as the little spray humidification of lowering the temperature, winter temperature is crossed when hanging down, should note antifreeze, preferably remain on more than 0 ℃, when temperature is low, bedding one deck straw around, the optimal light intensity of Growth of Dendrobium candidum is 5000-10000lux,, shading in summer 40-50%, shading at noon in autumn 20-30%, not shading in winter, the illumination deficiency should suitably increase intensity of illumination, avoids causing leaf growth weak because illumination is not enough
2. water and apply fertilizer
New cultivation seedling will be strengthened moisture control, keep matrix to be in moisture state, relative moisture is controlled at 70-80%, and overdrying affects survival rate, crosses wet easily mashed root, water once 5-7 days early spring, 4-5 month temperature gos up, and sprouting begins the vigorous growth increase and waters the water yield, waters once in every 3-4 days, 1-2 days summer once, want the cloth cascade when xeothermic, spraying is watered and was carried out before 10 o'clock every days to increase air humidity, cultivation can be sprayed foliage fertilizer in every 10-15 days after surviving January afterwards, when new root grows 10-15cm, can mix fertilizer thoroughly with river silt and stick with paste at root, help it to grow up strong and sturdy, stop fertilising winter
3. prune and weeding
In conjunction with gather old stem wipe out withered stem clump in when germinateing annual spring, and except preventing or cure a disease stem and the overstocked weak stem of growing, promote the sprouting growth, answers weeding 2-3 time every year, Clear and Bright and carrying out in the Beginning of Winter of around extremely in the annual Spring Equinox, removes weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves,
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest
The insect pest of dendrobium candidum main diseases is the common anthracnose of orchid, snail, slug etc., and the principle of control is that anti-overweighting controlled, and therefore before also serious damage by disease and insect not occuring, can spray the plant resource biological insecticides per ten days one time;
(5) gather
Dendrobium candidum plantation 2-3 can gather, suitable harvest period be after the Beginning of Winter to the Clear and Bright, when gathering with scissors cut always stay tender, in order to continue results.
2. officinal dendrobium stem plantation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 20-30 part kuh-seng, 10-20 part Herba Carpesii macrocephali, 20-30 part root of langdu, 15-20 part Mikania micrantha, 10-15 part root of Beijing euphorbia, 10-20 part Artemisia scoparia, 20-30 part French marigold, 10-20 part fig are made through steps such as pulverizing, soak, filter, be concentrated.
3. officinal dendrobium stem plantation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described foliage fertilizer is doubly formed by the superphosphate liquid of 30-40%, the urea of 20-30%, the ash leachate of 10-20%, the humic acid of 5-10%, the magnesium sulfate of 1-2%, the zinc sulphate of 1-2%, the borax of 0.5-1%, the rear dilute with water 200-300 of ammonium molybdate mixing of 0.5-1%.
4. officinal dendrobium stem plantation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fertilizer is that the rice straw by the vinasse of the colza cake of the peanut press pulp of the dung polluted water of 20-30%, 20-30%, 10-20%, 5-10%, 10-15% forms through ferment mushroom heap fermentation.
5. officinal dendrobium stem plantation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described plant resource biological insecticides are the raw materials by following weight portion: 10-20 part henbane, 10-15 part Tobacco Leaf, 10-15 part Chinese cassia tree, 10-20 part Celastrus angulatus, 5-8 part Rhododendron molle, 5-8 part grass-leaved sweetflag, 10-12 part derris root are made through decocting, concentrating.
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