CN102986510B - Economical high-yield greenhouse Dendrobium officinale cultivation technique - Google Patents
Economical high-yield greenhouse Dendrobium officinale cultivation technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an economical high-yield greenhouse Dendrobium officinale cultivation technique. The technique comprises the steps of matrix preparation, cultivation bed preparation, field planting, greenhouse condition management, harvest and the like. In the planting process, the Dendrobium officinale substantially does not suffer from diseases and pests, and the use of pesticide is not needed, thus greatly improving the edible safety of the Dendrobium officinale. The input-output ratio of the Dendrobium officinale obtained by the cultivation method is 1.25-1.45 times higher than that of the Dendrobium officinale obtained by other Dendrobium officinale cultivation methods, thus realizing safe and high-efficiency cultivation of Dendrobium officinale, being beneficial to protection of the wild Dendrobium officinale resource which is in danger of extinction, but also promoting the development of enterprises of traditional Chinese medicines with Dendrobium officinale as a raw material, and bringing about good ecological effect, economic benefit and social effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum is traditional rare Chinese medicine, is considered to since ancient times the treasure of enriching yin help.In Shennong's Herbal before more than 1400 years and the ancient books such as Compendium of Material Medica before more than 400 year, just there is dendrobium candidum to there is the record of the effects such as Yin-nourishing and body fluid promoting.Utilize modern medical means also to confirm that dendrobium candidum contains alkaloid and the compositions such as methine stem of noble dendrobium element, stem of noble dendrobium quinone, volatile oil and polysaccharide such as dendrobine, the stem of noble dendrobium time alkali.Dendrobium candidum mainly is distributed in the mountain valley of height above sea level 600-2500m and partly sets on upper or border rock in dark and damp woods, and the ecotope of requirement is more special, and the dendrobium candidum fruit-setting rate is low, and seed is difficult for germinateing, and the natural propagation rate is extremely low; Yin Senlin wrecks again, and living environment worsens, and adds long-term the excavating of people, and wild dendrobium candidum resource is more and more rare, and provenance has been faced exhaustion, in endangered condition.Be listed in endangered species in " Chinese Plants Red Data Book " (publishing in 1991).Therefore the artificial cultivation that develops dendrobium candidum becomes the road of protecting and utilizing the certainty of dendrobium candidum resource.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology; both be conducive to the protection to the wild dendrobium candidum resource of disappearance in imminent danger; promote again the development with the traditional Chinese medicine enterprise of dendrobium candidum raw material, can bring good ecological effect, economic benefits and social effect.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
Adopt peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, liver moss to mix as matrix according to the ratio of 3-4:2-3:1:1, before using, peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, liver moss all need after high-temp sterilizing, be placed in Chinese herbal medicine fluid and soak 20-24h in immersion, wherein, prepared by the following method by described improved wood chaff: add the nano-sized carbon of 1-2%, the wintergreen of 2-3%, the aluminium hydroxide of 4-5%, the brown sugar of 2-3%, the methane waste liquor of 4-5% in wooden chaff, be uniformly mixed and mix;
(2) preparation of cultivation bed
Cultivation bedside 1.2-1.5m, long 25-30m, liftoff high 80-90cm, the passage of being furnished with 1-1.5m between bed and bed, so that the cultivation operation, cultivation bed bottom adopts steel wire to lay, for matrix is not spilt between space, lay one deck 40-50 purpose fly net on steel wire, peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, the liver moss that then will soak Chinese herbal medicine fluid fall in the cultivation bed above according to the above ratio, and thickness is 15-20cm;
(3) field planting
Before cultivation, after candidum tissue culturing seedling is placed on to indoor hardening 20-25 days, clean the medium on group training shoot root with clear water, with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 500-600 times liquid disinfectant, then group training seedling is put into Chinese herbal medicine fluid and is soaked 10-20min, in case group training shoot root rots, during cultivation, press the seeding row spacing plantation of 15cm * 20cm, with 1 clump of plantation of 3 strain, during plantation, make root system naturally unfold, matrix is covered to root and be advisable, carry gently seedling, shoot root system can fully be contacted with matrix, water sufficient normal root water, planting time was advisable in annual 3-6 month;
(4) greenhouse experiment management
1. illumination
Before at 10 o'clock in the morning, with direct light, irradiated, need there be the scattered light of 20-30% all the other times, adopt the movable shading screen of 70-80% at green house, suitably increase obscurity summer, avoid crossing by force the blade face flavescence being come off because of light, should suitably increase intensity of illumination winter, avoids causing leaf growth weak because illumination is not enough, the optimal light intensity of Growth of Dendrobium candidum is 5000-10000lux
2. the temperature, humidity
In booth, day temperature remains on 25-30 ℃, night 15-20 ℃, low temperature is not lower than 8 ℃, high temperature is not higher than 35 ℃, humidity is controlled at 60-80%, if the summer high-temperature low humidity, can take to shade and the measure such as the micro-spray humidification of being lowered the temperature, but will note ventilating in insulation, summer high-temperature weather particularly, more to note circulation of air, prevent the generation of damage by disease and insect
3. moisture
In just field planting in complete 1-2 week, keep matrix in moisture state, water spray is only for increasing air humidity, prevents that blade face moisture is excessively rising and causes wilting, after new root is sprouted, watered with wet principle between dry, after once watering foot, watered again after turning white in the matrix top layer, can not water and partly hang water, 1-2 days summer once, but 5-7 days winter once
4. fertilising
After new root is sprouted, can start to spray Liquid Fertilizer, within 7-9 days, spray once, after 1-2 month, treat that transplanted seedling adapts to new environment gradually, when new root has grown 10-12cm, can apply the slow granular fertilizer, help it to grow up strong and sturdy,
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest
The insect pest of dendrobium candidum main diseases is the common anthracnose of orchid, snail, slug etc., and the principle of control is that anti-overweighting controlled, and therefore, before also serious damage by disease and insect not occurring, can spray the plant resource biological insecticides per ten days one time;
(5) gather
Dendrobium candidum plantation 2-3 can gather, suitable harvest period be after the Beginning of Winter to before Clear and Bright, while gathering with scissors cut always stay tender, in order to continue results.
Described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 20-30 part Asian puccoon, 10-20 part rose of Sharon, 20-30 part golden cypress, 20-30 part frutus cnidii, 30-40 part bletilla striata, 10-20 part crowndaisy chrysanthemum, 20-30 part granatum, 10-20 part tarragon are made through steps such as pulverizing, soak, filter, be concentrated.
After described Liquid Fertilizer is mixed by the alcohol effluent of the methane waste liquor of the humic acid of the urea of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 30-40%, 20-30%, 10-20% people and animals urine, 4-6%, 5-10%, 5-10%, dilute with water 100-150 doubly forms.
Described slow granular fertilizer is boron magnesium slow granular fertilizer.
Described plant resource biological insecticides are the raw materials by following weight portion: 10-20 part derris root, 10-15 part radix sophorae, 10-15 part tobacco waste, 10-20 part Celastrus angulatus, 5-8 part chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, 5-8 part cubeb litsen tree, 10-12 part forest gray gum leaf are made through decocting, concentrating.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention is by adopting Chinese herbal medicine fluid seed soaking, the prevention of plant resource biological insecticides to spray, can greatly reduce the damage by disease and insect of dendrobium candidum, purified the growing environment of dendrobium candidum, in the invention process planting process, dendrobium candidum there is no the generation damage by disease and insect, without using agricultural chemicals, greatly improved the edible safety of dendrobium candidum.The input-output ratio of the inventive method gained dendrobium candidum is compared and is exceeded 1.25-1.45 times with the input-output ratio of other officinal dendrobium stem plantation method gained; realized the safe and efficient cultivation of dendrobium candidum; both be conducive to the protection to the wild dendrobium candidum resource of disappearance in imminent danger; promote again the development with the traditional Chinese medicine enterprise of dendrobium candidum raw material, can bring good ecological effect, economic benefits and social effect.
Embodiment
Embodiment
A kind of dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
Adopt peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, liver moss to mix as matrix according to the ratio of 4:2:1:1, before using, peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, liver moss all need after high-temp sterilizing, be placed in Chinese herbal medicine fluid and soak 24h in immersion, wherein, prepared by the following method by described improved wood chaff: add 1% nano-sized carbon, 3% wintergreen, 5% aluminium hydroxide, 2% brown sugar, 5% methane waste liquor in wooden chaff, be uniformly mixed and mix;
(2) preparation of cultivation bed
Cultivation bedside 1.5m, long 25m, liftoff high 80cm, the passage of being furnished with 1.2m between bed and bed, so that the cultivation operation, cultivation bed bottom adopts steel wire to lay, for matrix is not spilt between space, lay one deck 40 purpose fly nets on steel wire, peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, the liver moss that then will soak Chinese herbal medicine fluid fall in the cultivation bed above according to the above ratio, and thickness is 18cm;
(3) field planting
Before cultivation, candidum tissue culturing seedling was placed on to indoor hardening after 25 days, clean the medium on group training shoot root with clear water, with 500 times of liquid disinfectants of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, then group training seedling is put into Chinese herbal medicine fluid and is soaked 20min, in case group training shoot root rots, during cultivation, press the seeding row spacing plantation of 15cm * 20cm, with 1 clump of plantation of 3 strain, during plantation, make root system naturally unfold, matrix is covered to root and be advisable, carry gently seedling, shoot root system can fully be contacted with matrix, water sufficient normal root water, planting time was advisable in annual 3-6 month;
(4) greenhouse experiment management
1. illumination
Before at 10 o'clock in the morning, with direct light, irradiated, need there be 25% scattered light all the other times, adopt 70% movable shading screen at green house, suitably increase obscurity summer, avoid crossing by force the blade face flavescence being come off because of light, should suitably increase intensity of illumination winter, avoids causing leaf growth weak because illumination is not enough, the optimal light intensity of Growth of Dendrobium candidum is 5000-10000lux
2. the temperature, humidity
In booth, day temperature remains on 25 ℃, at 20 ℃ of nights, low temperature is not lower than 8 ℃, and high temperature is not higher than 35 ℃, humidity is controlled at 75%, if the summer high-temperature low humidity, can take to shade and the measure such as the micro-spray humidification of being lowered the temperature, but will note ventilating in insulation, summer high-temperature weather particularly, more to note circulation of air, prevent the generation of damage by disease and insect
3. moisture
In just field planting in complete 1 week, keep matrix in moisture state, water spray is only for increasing air humidity, prevents that blade face moisture is excessively rising and causes wilting, after new root is sprouted, watered with wet principle between dry, after once watering foot, watered again after turning white in the matrix top layer, can not water and partly hang water, 1 day summer once, winter can 7 days once
4. fertilising
After new root is sprouted, can start Liquid Fertilizer, within 7 days, spray once, after 2 months, treat that transplanted seedling adapts to new environment gradually, when new root has grown 12cm, can apply the slow granular fertilizer, help it to grow up strong and sturdy,
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest
The insect pest of dendrobium candidum main diseases is the common anthracnose of orchid, snail, slug etc., and the principle of control is that anti-overweighting controlled, and therefore, before also serious damage by disease and insect not occurring, can spray the plant resource biological insecticides per ten days one time;
(5) gather
Dendrobium candidum plantation can be gathered in 3 years, suitable harvest period be after the Beginning of Winter to before Clear and Bright, while gathering with scissors cut always stay tender, in order to continue results.
Described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 25 portions of Asian puccoons, 16 portions of rose of Sharons, 28 portions of golden cypresses, 22 parts of frutus cnidiis, 38 portions of bletilla striatas, 15 portions of crowndaisy chrysanthemums, 25 parts of granatums, 16 portions of tarragons are made through steps such as pulverizing, soak, filter, be concentrated.
After described Liquid Fertilizer is mixed by 40% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25% urea, 15% people and animals' urine, 6% humic acid, 8% methane waste liquor, 6% alcohol effluent, 150 times of dilute with waters form.
Described slow granular fertilizer is boron magnesium slow granular fertilizer.
Described plant resource biological insecticides are the raw materials by following weight portion: 18 parts of derris roots, 12 parts of radix sophoraes, 10 parts of tobacco wastes, 15 parts of Celastrus angulatus, 8 parts of chrysanthemum cinesariaefoliums, 6 portions of cubeb litsen trees, 10 parts of forest gray gum leafs are made through decocting, concentrating.
With traditional greenhouse cultivation, compare, the input-output ratio information slip of cultivation method of the present invention is as follows:
Plant the contrast proof by reality, utilize the dendrobium candidum input-output ratio of greenhouse cultivation method gained of the present invention to be better than other greenhouse cultivation method.Output improves more than 20%.
Claims (5)
1. a dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of matrix
Adopt peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, liver moss to mix as matrix according to the ratio of 3-4:2-3:1:1, before using, peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, liver moss all need after high-temp sterilizing, be placed in Chinese herbal medicine fluid and soak 20-24h, wherein, prepared by the following method by described improved wood chaff: add the nano-sized carbon of 1-2%, the wintergreen of 2-3%, the aluminium hydroxide of 4-5%, the brown sugar of 2-3%, the methane waste liquor of 4-5% in wooden chaff, be uniformly mixed and mix;
(2) preparation of cultivation bed
Cultivation bedside 1.2-1.5m, long 25-30m, liftoff high 80-90cm, the passage of being furnished with 1-1.5m between bed and bed, so that the cultivation operation, cultivation bed bottom adopts steel wire to lay, for matrix is not spilt between space, lay one deck 40-50 purpose fly net on steel wire, peat soil, perlite, improved wood chaff, the liver moss that then will soak Chinese herbal medicine fluid fall in the cultivation bed above according to the above ratio, and thickness is 15-20cm;
(3) field planting
Before cultivation, after candidum tissue culturing seedling is placed on to indoor hardening 20-25 days, clean the medium on group training shoot root with clear water, with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 500-600 times liquid disinfectant, then group training seedling is put into Chinese herbal medicine fluid and is soaked 10-20min, in case group training shoot root rots, during cultivation, press the seeding row spacing plantation of 15cm * 20cm, with 1 clump of plantation of 3 strain, during plantation, make root system naturally unfold, matrix is covered to root and be advisable, carry gently seedling, shoot root system can fully be contacted with matrix, water sufficient normal root water, planting time was advisable in annual 3-6 month;
(4) greenhouse experiment management
1. illumination
Before at 10 o'clock in the morning, with direct light, irradiated, need there be the scattered light of 20-30% all the other times, adopt the movable shading screen of 70-80% at green house, suitably increase obscurity summer, avoid crossing by force the blade face flavescence being come off because of light, should suitably increase intensity of illumination winter, avoids causing leaf growth weak because illumination is not enough, the optimal light intensity of Growth of Dendrobium candidum is 5000-10000lux
2. the temperature, humidity
In booth, day temperature remains on 25-30 ℃, night 15-20 ℃, low temperature is not lower than 8 ℃, high temperature is not higher than 35 ℃, humidity is controlled at 60-80%, if the summer high-temperature low humidity, can take to shade and the measure such as the micro-spray humidification of being lowered the temperature, but will note ventilating in insulation, summer high-temperature weather particularly, more to note circulation of air, prevent the generation of damage by disease and insect
3. moisture
In just field planting in complete 1-2 week, keep matrix in moisture state, water spray is only for increasing air humidity, prevents that blade face moisture is excessively rising and causes wilting, after new root is sprouted, watered with wet principle between dry, after once watering foot, watered again after turning white in the matrix top layer, can not water and partly hang water, 1-2 days summer once, but 5-7 days winter once
4. fertilising
After new root is sprouted, can start to spray Liquid Fertilizer, within 7-9 days, spray once, after 1-2 month, treat that transplanted seedling adapts to new environment gradually, when new root has grown 10-12cm, can apply the slow granular fertilizer, help it to grow up strong and sturdy,
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest
The insect pest of dendrobium candidum main diseases is the common anthracnose of orchid, snail, slug etc., and the principle of control is that anti-overweighting controlled, and therefore, before also serious damage by disease and insect not occurring, can spray the plant resource biological insecticides per ten days one time;
(5) gather
Dendrobium candidum plantation 2-3 can gather, suitable harvest period be after the Beginning of Winter to before Clear and Bright, while gathering with scissors cut always stay tender, in order to continue results.
2. dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Chinese herbal medicine fluid is by the raw material of following weight portion: 20-30 part Asian puccoon, 10-20 part rose of Sharon, 20-30 part golden cypress, 20-30 part frutus cnidii, 30-40 part bletilla striata, 10-20 part crowndaisy chrysanthemum, 20-30 part granatum, 10-20 part tarragon through pulverizing, soak, filter, concentrated making.
3. dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after described Liquid Fertilizer is mixed by the alcohol effluent of the methane waste liquor of the humic acid of the urea of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 30-40%, 20-30%, 10-20% people and animals urine, 4-6%, 5-10%, 5-10%, dilute with water 100-150 doubly forms.
4. dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described slow granular fertilizer is boron magnesium slow granular fertilizer.
5. dendrobium candidum economized high yield greenhouse cultivation technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described plant resource biological insecticides are the raw materials by following weight portion: 10-20 part derris root, 10-15 part radix sophorae, 10-15 part tobacco waste, 10-20 part Celastrus angulatus, 5-8 part chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, 5-8 part cubeb litsen tree, 10-12 part forest gray gum leaf are made through decocting, concentrating.
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