CN103782886B - A kind of greenhouse gardening method of dendrobium candidum and application - Google Patents
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of dendrobium candidum and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782886B CN103782886B CN201410049369.1A CN201410049369A CN103782886B CN 103782886 B CN103782886 B CN 103782886B CN 201410049369 A CN201410049369 A CN 201410049369A CN 103782886 B CN103782886 B CN 103782886B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of greenhouse gardening method and application of dendrobium candidum, belong to field of plant growing technology.The method comprises the following steps: a, preparation matrix; B, preparation cultivation bed; C, field planting; D, greenhouse management; E, to water; F, fertilising; G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: survival rate is high, damage by disease and insect is few and residue of pesticide are few.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of greenhouse gardening method and application of dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
The stem of noble dendrobium is the orchid family Dendrobium herbaceos perennial, belongs to epiphytic orchid class.Before 1980, China only finds 57 kinds of Dendrobium Sws, and investigation afterwards finds and named 19 kinds of Dendrobium Sws, has enriched the stem of noble dendrobium germ plasm resource of China, has now had 76 kinds, accounted for about 5% of whole world stem of noble dendrobium kind.The stem of noble dendrobium is conventional traditional Chinese medicine, particularly famous and precious dendrobium candidum, and in history, the prostatitis in the world is all walked in medicinal development and utilization.
Due to effect that dendrobium candidum is distinguished, China coast and the south east asia such as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is regional, Japanese and American-European Chinese gather area, all adopt the stem of noble dendrobium (maple bucket) to use for tea or Baoshang material, have wide market prospects.
In the implantation methods of existing dendrobium candidum, there is survival rate low, serious by damage by disease and insect invasion and attack, the shortcoming that residue of pesticide are higher.Cause primarily of following several respects: the harm 1, effectively can not stopping pathogen in ground insect or soil, cause Pesticide use amount larger; 2, use matrix too much; 3, matrix is directly placed on ground, and the phenomenon of matrix ponding is difficult to thorough solution, causes the root of dendrobium candidum in process of growth, occur the phenomenon of rotten.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of dendrobium candidum greenhouse gardening method that survival rate is high, damage by disease and insect is few and residue of pesticide are few.
The technical solution used in the present invention is a kind of greenhouse gardening method of dendrobium candidum, and the method comprises the following steps:
A, preparation matrix: by weight, take the pine bark after high-temp sterilizing 3 ~ 4 parts and 2 ~ 3 parts, sheep excrement, as matrix after mixing;
B, prepare cultivation bed: arranging in booth is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 80 ~ 90cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, then place described matrix cultivating on bed, for subsequent use;
C, field planting: after being carried out disinfection by candidum tissue culturing seedling, put into nutrient solution and soak, and plants subsequently by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm, makes root system naturally unfold during plantation, fully contacts with described matrix, waters sufficient normal root water;
D, greenhouse management: booth employing activity shade net, make intensity of illumination be 5000 ~ 10000Lux, day temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 20 DEG C, and humidity is 60% ~ 80%;
E, to water: within 1 ~ 2 week of field planting, keep described matrix to be in moisture state; After new root is sprouted, within every 1 ~ 2 day when summer, water a water, within time in the winter time every 5 ~ 7 days, water a water;
F, fertilising: after new root is sprouted, spray a Liquid Fertilizer in every 7 ~ 9 days, when new root grows to 10cm ~ 12cm, execute slow granular fertilizer;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: in booth, hang an insect-sticking plate every 1 ~ 3 meter.
As preferably, the temperature of high-temperature sterilization in described step a is 90 ~ 100 DEG C, and sterilizing adopts the mode of Steam Heating or boiling heating to carry out.
As preferably, the bedside of cultivating bed in described step b is 1.2 ~ 1.5m, and bed is long is 25 ~ 30m.
As preferably, the spacing distance often opened in described step b between cultivation bed is 1 ~ 1.5m.
As preferably, the time of field planting in described step c is 3 annual ~ June.
As preferably, employing 80% mancozeb wettable powder of sterilizing in described step c carries out through water dilution 500-600 times of gained solution.
As preferably, the time of soaking in described step c is 10 ~ 20 minutes.
The present patent application also proposes the application of a kind of described greenhouse gardening method in dendrobium candidum plantation.
In the present patent application, nutrient solution used, Liquid Fertilizer and slow granular fertilizer are all purchased from the producer with legal qualification.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: as the matrix of Growth of Dendrobium candidum after (1) the present invention adopts pine bark to ferment, nutriment required for growth both can be provided, compare the harmful substances such as existing employing meeting left drug to the matrix in dendrobium candidum, advantageously in health.(2) the present invention adopts sheep excrement as one of matrix, and one is to adopt organic mode to promote the growth of dendrobium candidum, avoids the poisonous and hazardous fertilization mode of existing employing; Two is to reduce production cost, makes the dendrobium candidum of growth environmental and ecological, is conducive to health.(3) the present invention hangs insect-sticking plate in booth, does not spray insecticide, and effectively can remove damage by disease and insect, can make substantially there is no pesticide residue in dendrobium plant, both be conducive to the growth of the stem of noble dendrobium, and be conducive to the edible of stem of noble dendrobium later stage, reach the effect of environmental protection, environmental health.
Embodiment
For making those skilled in the art understand production technology of the present invention and technique effect in detail, introduce application of the present invention and technique effect further with concrete production instance below.
Embodiment 1
By weight, the pine bark after high-temp sterilizing 3 parts and 3 parts, sheep excrement is taken, as matrix after mixing; The temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 90 DEG C, and sterilizing adopts steam-heated mode to carry out.
Arranging in booth is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 85cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, and then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use; The bedside of its cultivation bed is 1.4m, and bed is long is 28m; Carry out operating and keep the desired moisture level of dendrobium candidum, nutrient sufficient for convenience of personnel, the spacing distance often opened between cultivation bed is 1.2m.
In April, candidum tissue culturing seedling 80% mancozeb wettable powder is diluted after 500 times of gained solution carry out disinfection through water, put into commercially available for promoting that the nutrient solution of root growth carries out immersion 15 minutes, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, root system is made naturally to unfold during plantation, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
Booth employing activity shade net, make the intensity of illumination in booth be 8000Lux, day temperature is 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C, and humidity is 70%; After 1 week of field planting, described matrix is kept to be in moisture state; After new root is sprouted, within every 1 or 2 day when summer, water a water, within time in the winter time every 5 days, water a water; After new root is sprouted, within every 8 days, spray once commercially available Liquid Fertilizer, when new root grows to 10cm ~ 12cm, use commercially available slow granular fertilizer; An insect-sticking plate is hung every 2 meters in booth.
Embodiment 2
By weight, the pine bark after high-temp sterilizing 4 parts and 2 parts, sheep excrement is taken, as matrix after mixing; The temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 100 DEG C, and sterilizing adopts the mode of boiling heating to carry out.
Arranging in booth is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 80cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, and then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use; The bedside of its cultivation bed is 1.2m, and bed is long is 30m; Carry out operating and keep the desired moisture level of dendrobium candidum, nutrient sufficient for convenience of personnel, the spacing distance often opened between cultivation bed is 1m.
In June, candidum tissue culturing seedling 80% mancozeb wettable powder is diluted after 600 times of gained solution carry out disinfection through water, put into commercially available for promoting that the nutrient solution of root growth carries out immersion 10 minutes, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, root system is made naturally to unfold during plantation, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
Booth employing activity shade net, the intensity of illumination in booth can be made to be 5000Lux, and day temperature is 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15 DEG C, and humidity is 60%; After 2 week of field planting, described matrix is kept to be in moisture state; After new root is sprouted, within every 2 days when summer, water a water, within time in the winter time every 7 days, water a water; After new root is sprouted, within every 7 days, spray once commercially available Liquid Fertilizer, when new root grows to 10cm ~ 12cm, use commercially available slow granular fertilizer; An insect-sticking plate is hung every 3 meters in booth.
Embodiment 3
By weight, the pine bark after high-temp sterilizing 3 parts and 2 parts, sheep excrement is taken, as matrix after mixing; The temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 95 DEG C, and sterilizing adopts the mode of boiling heating to carry out.
Arranging in booth is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 90cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, and then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use; The bedside of its cultivation bed is 1.5m, and bed is long is 25m; Carry out operating and keep the desired moisture level of dendrobium candidum, nutrient sufficient for convenience of personnel, the spacing distance often opened between cultivation bed is 1.5m.
In March, candidum tissue culturing seedling 80% mancozeb wettable powder is diluted after 600 times of gained solution carry out disinfection through water, put into commercially available for promoting that the nutrient solution of root growth carries out immersion 20 minutes, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, root system is made naturally to unfold during plantation, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
Booth employing activity shade net, the intensity of illumination in booth can be made to be 10000Lux, and day temperature is 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 20 DEG C, and humidity is 80%; After 2 week of field planting, described matrix is kept to be in moisture state; After new root is sprouted, when summer, every day waters a water, within time in the winter time every 5 days, waters a water; After new root is sprouted, within every 9 days, spray once commercially available Liquid Fertilizer, when new root grows to 10cm ~ 12cm, use commercially available slow granular fertilizer; An insect-sticking plate is hung every 3 meters in booth.
Embodiment 4
By weight, the pine bark after high-temp sterilizing 4 parts and 3 parts, sheep excrement is taken, as matrix after mixing; The temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 90 DEG C, and sterilizing adopts the mode of boiling heating to carry out.
Arranging in booth is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 90cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, and then on cultivation bed, places described matrix, for subsequent use; The bedside of its cultivation bed is 1.5m, and bed is long is 25m; Carry out operating and keep the desired moisture level of dendrobium candidum, nutrient sufficient for convenience of personnel, the spacing distance often opened between cultivation bed is 1.4m.
In May, candidum tissue culturing seedling 80% mancozeb wettable powder is diluted after 600 times of gained solution carry out disinfection through water, put into commercially available for promoting that the nutrient solution of root growth carries out immersion 18 minutes, plant by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm subsequently, root system is made naturally to unfold during plantation, fully contact with described matrix, water sufficient normal root water.
Booth employing activity shade net, the intensity of illumination in booth can be made to be 9000Lux, and day temperature is 26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C, and humidity is 70%; After 1 week of field planting, described matrix is kept to be in moisture state; After new root is sprouted, when summer, every day waters a water, within time in the winter time every 6 days, waters a water; After new root is sprouted, within every 8 days, spray once commercially available Liquid Fertilizer, when new root grows to 10cm ~ 12cm, use commercially available slow granular fertilizer; An insect-sticking plate is hung every 3 meters in booth.
Embodiment 5-8
Except respectively the sheep excrement in embodiment 1 being changed to horsehit, cow dung, pig manure and human excrement, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 9-12
Except respectively the pine bark in embodiment 1 being changed to pine, eucalyptus barks, willow bark and cypress skin, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 13
Omit the high-temp sterilizing in embodiment 1, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 14-19
Except the cultivation bed will arranged in booth in embodiment 1 respectively, overhead highly become 40cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm, 100cm, 110cm, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 20
The candidum tissue culturing seedling omitted in embodiment 1 after sterilization puts into the step that nutrient solution soaks, and all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 21-24
Except changing intensity of illumination in embodiment 1 into 3000Lux, 4000Lux, 11000Lux, 12000Lux respectively, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 25-29
Except changing day temperature in embodiment 1 into 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 24 DEG C, 32 DEG C and 35 DEG C respectively, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 30-34
Except changing nocturnal temperature in embodiment 1 into 10 DEG C, 12 DEG C, 14 DEG C, 22 DEG C and 25 DEG C respectively, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 35
Omit the step e in embodiment 1, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 36
Omit the step f in embodiment 1, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
Embodiment 37
Omit the step g in embodiment 1, all the other planting patternss identical with embodiment 1 plant dendrobium candidum.
The various embodiments described above to the comparison of dendrobium candidum survival rate, month growing way, two months growing ways, three months growing ways, 6 months growing ways, damage by disease and insect and residue of pesticide, in table 1.
Table 1
| Embodiment | Survival rate | January growing way | February growing way | March growing way | June growing way | Damage by disease and insect | Residue of pesticide |
| 1 | 96% | Very well | Very well | Very well | Very well | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 2 | 98% | Very well | Very well | Very well | Very well | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 3 | 97% | Very well | Very well | Very well | Very well | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 4 | 98% | Very well | Very well | Very well | Very well | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 5-8 | 86% | Good | Difference | Difference | Very poor | Have | Detect |
| 9-12 | 88% | Good | Difference | Difference | Difference | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 13 | 61% | Difference | Very poor | Very poor | Very poor | Have | Do not detect |
| 14-19 | 90% | Very well | Good | Good | Difference | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 20 | 76% | Good | Difference | Very poor | Very poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 21-24 | 82% | Good | Difference | Difference | Difference | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 25-29 | 79% | Good | Difference | Difference | Difference | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 30-34 | 76% | Good | Difference | Difference | Difference | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 35 | 63% | Difference | Difference | Very poor | Very poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 36 | 57% | Difference | Difference | Very poor | Very poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
| 37 | 65% | Difference | Difference | Very poor | Very poor | Nothing | Do not detect |
As can be seen from the above table, adopt the embodiment 1-4 of the inventive method, dendrobium candidum survival rate is high, is more than 95%, and growing way is fine, and without damage by disease and insect, gained dendrobium candidum, through Detecting Pesticide, does not all detect.
Embodiment 5-8, is replaced by other ight soil by sheep excrement, occurs damage by disease and insect, and survival rate is about 86%, and growing way presents the situation of successively decreasing, may with the nutrition condition of ight soil, relevant containing sex pheromone etc. in ight soil.Containing a large amount of sex pheromone in the ight soil of Omnivore, the growth of dendrobium candidum can be had influence on.
Embodiment 9-12, is changed to other material by pine bark, the survival rate of dendrobium candidum is about 88%, and growing way is poor.When adopting pine, eucalyptus barks, willow bark and cypress skin as matrix, rotproofness and water imbibition bad, easily make dendrobium candidum root ponding and bacteria infection, thus survival rate is reduced, growing way is also poor.
Embodiment 13, eliminate the step of pine bark and sheep excrement being carried out high-temp sterilizing, the survival rate of dendrobium candidum is only 61%, compare embodiment 1-4, sharply decline, and growing way is very poor, leaf is sallow, possibility is bacteria infection easily, or (with) because pine bark and sheep excrement be not through the fermentation process of high-temp sterilizing, the reason that fertility is low.
Embodiment 14-19, be adjusted to outside 80-90cm by cultivation bed height overhead, survival rate is about 90%, and growing way is deteriorated month by month, and overhead lower easy trouble insect pest, higher not easily personnel operate.
Embodiment 20, eliminate the step that nutrient solution soaks, survival rate is 76%, and growing way is deteriorated gradually, and root development is bad, can not absorb nutrient well.
Embodiment 21-24, is adjusted to intensity of illumination outside 5000 ~ 10000Lux, and survival rate is 82%, and intensity of illumination is too strong or too weak, all can have influence on the growing way of dendrobium candidum, even causes dendrobium candidum directly dead.
Embodiment 25-29, is adjusted to outside 25-30 DEG C by day temperature, survival rate is 79%, and the higher or lower growing way that all can have influence on dendrobium candidum of temperature, even causes dendrobium candidum directly dead.
Embodiment 30-34, is adjusted to outside 15-20 DEG C by nocturnal temperature, survival rate is 76%, and the higher or lower growing way that all can have influence on dendrobium candidum of temperature, even causes dendrobium candidum directly dead.
Embodiment 35, eliminates step e, and survival rate is 63%, compares embodiment 1-4, sharply declines, illustrate to water between field planting and Xin Gen sprouting period to dendrobium candidum survive and growing way is created a great impression.
Embodiment 36, eliminates step f, and survival rate is 57%, compares embodiment 1-4, sharply declines, illustrate to apply fertilizer after new root is sprouted to dendrobium candidum survive and growing way is created a great impression.
Embodiment 37, eliminates step g, and survival rate is 65%, compares embodiment 1-4, sharply declines, illustrate to hang in booth insect-sticking plate to dendrobium candidum survive and growing way is created a great impression.
Finally it should be noted that, above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only, although with reference to above-described embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those skilled in the art are to be understood that, still can modify to the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in right of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a greenhouse gardening method for dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A, preparation matrix: by weight, take the pine bark after high-temp sterilizing 3 ~ 4 parts and 2 ~ 3 parts, sheep excrement, as matrix after mixing;
B, prepare cultivation bed: arranging in booth is highly overhead the cultivation bed of 80 ~ 90cm, and the bottom of this cultivation bed adopts steel wire to lay, then place described matrix cultivating on bed, for subsequent use;
C, field planting: after being carried out disinfection by candidum tissue culturing seedling, put into nutrient solution and soak, and plants subsequently by the seeding row spacing of 15cm × 20cm, makes root system naturally unfold during plantation, fully contacts with described matrix, waters sufficient normal root water;
D, greenhouse management: booth employing activity shade net, make intensity of illumination be 5000 ~ 10000Lux, day temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 20 DEG C, and humidity is 60% ~ 80%;
E, to water: within 2 week of field planting, keep described matrix to be in moisture state; After new root is sprouted, within every 1 ~ 2 day when summer, water a water, within time in the winter time every 5 ~ 7 days, water a water;
F, fertilising: after new root is sprouted, spray a Liquid Fertilizer in every 7 ~ 9 days, when new root grows to 10cm ~ 12cm, execute slow granular fertilizer;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: in booth, hang an insect-sticking plate every 1 ~ 3 meter;
The temperature of high-temperature sterilization in described step a is 90 ~ 100 DEG C, and sterilizing adopts the mode of Steam Heating or boiling heating to carry out;
The bedside of cultivating bed in described step b is 1.2 ~ 1.5m, and bed is long is 25 ~ 30m;
The spacing distance often opened in described step b between cultivation bed is 1 ~ 1.5m;
The time of field planting in described step c is 3 annual ~ June;
Employing 80% mancozeb wettable powder of sterilizing in described step c carries out through water dilution 500-600 times of gained solution;
The time of soaking in described step c is 10 ~ 20 minutes.
2. one kind based on greenhouse gardening method described in claim 1 dendrobium candidum plantation in application.
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