CN101980725A - 包含可自裂解的连接体的前药 - Google Patents
包含可自裂解的连接体的前药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101980725A CN101980725A CN2009801110881A CN200980111088A CN101980725A CN 101980725 A CN101980725 A CN 101980725A CN 2009801110881 A CN2009801110881 A CN 2009801110881A CN 200980111088 A CN200980111088 A CN 200980111088A CN 101980725 A CN101980725 A CN 101980725A
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- Prior art keywords
- poly
- alkyl
- described prodrug
- prodrug
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- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及包含药物连接体轭合物(conjugate)D-L的前药或其药学上可接受的盐。本发明还涉及包含所述前药的药物组合物及其作为药物的用途。
为了提高药物在体内的物理化学或药代动力学性质,可以将所述药物与载体轭合。
通常,药物递送中的载体以非共价方式与药物通过物理化学方法配制成溶剂-载体混合物来使用,或通过载体试剂共价连接到药物的一个官能团上进行使用。
然而,非共价方法需要高效的药物封装(encapsulation)以防止不受控制的、突发式的药物释放。限制非结合的水溶性药物分子的扩散需要通常由疏水部分介导的强范德华接触力。许多构象敏感药物,例如蛋白质或肽,在封装处理期间和/或在随后的封装药物的贮存期间出现功能障碍。此外,这种含氨基的药物很容易与载体降解产物发生副反应(参见,例如,D.H.Lee等人,J.Contr.Rel.,2003,92,291-299)。而且,当发生生物降解时药物释放机制的依赖性可能引起患者之间的差异。
或者,药物可以通过共价键轭合到载体上。这种方法适用于不同种类的分子,从所谓的小分子经天然产物直到更大的蛋白质。可以将共价药物载体轭合物分为两组。第一组,其中载体和药物之间的共价键在药物作用期间基本都存在(“永久共价键”)的轭合物,即药物的衍生物表现出如该药物已知的药理学效应。第二组,共价键主要预先断裂以释放药物,其可以表现出其已知的药理学效应。在后者情况下,将共价药物载体轭合物称为载体连接的前药或载体前药。
为了确保载体和药物之间的共价键的断裂,要求该键在体内容易离去以释放药物(前药活化)。
前药活化的发生可能通过下述进行:载体和药物分子之间的键的酶裂解或非酶裂解,或者相继的二者的组合,即酶步骤后接着进行非酶重排。
酶诱导的前药活化的特征在于在无酶的体外环境(例如含水缓冲溶液)中例如酯或酰胺的裂解可能发生,但相应的水解速率可能是极其缓慢的,不能用于治疗。在体内环境中,通常存在酯酶和酰胺酶,并且酯酶和酰胺酶可以显著催化加速水解的动力学,从两倍直到数个数量级。因此,裂解主要受酶促反应的控制。
大部分的酶裂解的主要缺点为患者间存在差异。个体之间的酶水平可能显著不同,导致由酶裂解引发的前药活化的生物学变动。酶水平还可以根据给药部位而发生改变。例如已知在皮下注射的情况下,身体的某些区域产生比其他区域更可预测的疗效。为了减少不可预测的效应,非酶裂解或分子内催化是极其有意义的。
因此,优选载体和生物学活性部分(moiety)的不依赖酶的自催化裂解。在大多数情况下,这可通过载体和生物学活性部分之间的适当设计的连接体部分来实现,所述的连接体部分经由共价键直接连接到生物学活性部分的官能团上。
具体的连接体类型为本领域已知的。
Y.Sohma等人,J.Med.Chem.46(2003),4124-4135描述了基于酯的前药,其中载体为水溶性的,生物学活性部分来源于HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂KNI-727。所用的连接体经由酯基连接到生物学活性部分。这种前药系统的机理为通过环状二酰亚胺的形成从而裂解酯键的环化-活化。
然而,由于酯官能团的不稳定性,这是不利的。而且,对于载体或连接体和药物的轭合而言,酯基可能更加不具有化学选择性。
A.J.Garman等人(A.J.Garman,S.B.Kalindjan,FEBS Lett.1987,223(2),361-365,1987)使用PEG5000-马来酸酐对组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活物和尿激酶中的氨基基团进行可逆性修饰。当在pH 7.4缓冲液中孵育通过马来酰胺酸连接(linkeage)的裂解时来自PEG-uPA轭合物的功能酶的再生遵循一级动力学,半衰期为6.1h。马来酰胺酸连接的缺点在于轭合物在较低的pH值下缺少稳定性。这就限制了将马来酰胺酸连接应用于在碱性(高)pH值下稳定的生物学活性物质的适用性,因为生物学活性物质聚合物轭合物的纯化必须在碱性(高pH)条件下进行以防止过早的前药裂解。
在WO-A 2004/108070中,描述了基于N,N-双-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酰胺(N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸(bicine))连接体的前药系统。在该系统中,两个PEG载体分子连接到偶联在药物分子的氨基基团上的N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸分子上。前药活化的两个步骤中的第一步是连接两个PEG载体分子和N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸活化基团的羟基的第一个连接的酶裂解。描述了PEG和N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸之间不同的连接,导致不同的前药活化动力学。前药活化中的第二步是将连接N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸活化基团到药物分子的氨基基团上的第二个连接的裂解。该系统的主要缺点是将聚合物连接到N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸连接体,导致所述的第二个N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸酰胺连接水解速率缓慢(在磷酸盐缓冲液中t1/2>3h)。因而,N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸-修饰的前药中间体的释放可能表现出与原来的母体药物分子不同的药代动力学、免疫原性、毒理学和药效学性质。
在WO-A 2006/136586中描述了另一种基于N,N-二-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸的系统。
因此,需要另外的载体连接的前药,在该前药中连接体允许自催化裂解以释放未修饰形式的药物,且不含有来源于连接体的剩余残基。
因此,本发明的目的是提供如此的药物连接体轭合物,其中连接体经由可裂解的键共价连接到生物学活性部分(代表释放后的药物),并且其中连接体还经由永久键共价连接到载体上(直接地或经由间隔基团(spacer))形成载体连接的前药。
该目的可通过包含药物连接体轭合物D-L的前药或其药学上可接受的盐来实现,其中
-D为含氮的生物学活性部分;且
-L为式(I)所表示的非生物学活性连接体部分-L1,
其中虚线指明通过形成酰胺键与生物学活性部分的氮的连接;
X为C(R4R4a)、N(R4)、O、C(R4R4a)-C(R5R5a)、C(R5R5a)-C(R4R4a)、C(R4R4a)-N(R6)、N(R6)-C(R4R4a)、C(R4R4a)-O或O-C(R4R4a);
X1为C或S(O);
X2为C(R7,R7a)或C(R7,R7a)-C(R8,R8a);
X3为O、S、或N-CN;
R1、R1a、R2、R2a、R3、R3a、R4、R4a、R5、R5a、R6、R7、R7a、R8、R8a独立选自H和C1-4烷基;
任选地,一个或多个R1a/R4a、R1a/R5a、R4a/R5a、R7a/R8a对形成化学键;
任选地,一个或多个R1/R1a、R2/R2a、R4/R4a、R5/R5a、R7/R7a、R8/R8a对与它们所连接的原子一起形成C3-7环烷基或4-7元杂环基;
任选地,R4/R6与它们所连接的原子一起形成饱和的4-7元杂环基;
任选地,一个或多个R1/R4、R1/R5、R1/R6、R4/R5、R4/R6、R7/R8、R2/R3对与它们所连接的原子一起形成环A;
任选地,R3/R3a与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成4-7元杂环;
A选自苯基、萘基、茚基、茚满基、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘基(tetralinyl)、C3-10环烷基、4-7元杂环基和9-11元杂二环基;并且
其中L1被1-4个L2-Z基团取代并任选进一步被取代,前提条件是在式(I)中用星号标记的氢未被取代基替代;其中
L2为单一化学键或间隔基团;且
Z为载体基团。
令人惊奇地发现,通过环状二酰亚胺形成的环化-活化的范围能够从酯扩展到甚至载体连接的酰胺前药,尽管酰胺键在含水条件下的稳定性要大得多。观察到通过一个酰胺键连接到携带亲核基团的部分并且通过第二个酰胺键连接到药物分子上的N,N’-二甲酰胺(biscarboxamides)在可用于前药应用的范围内表现出自动水解。而且,发现可以将连接体设计成包括以如此方式永久连接到N,N’二甲酰胺模体的载体,所述方式致使环状二酰亚胺形成可被用作载体连接的酰胺前药设计中的自活化原理。
所述的优选的环裂解产物的实例为取代的琥珀酰亚胺或戊二酰亚胺环结构。这种环化活化的必要条件是在连接体结构中存在含胺的亲核基团以及另一个酰胺键,这个酰胺键不是酰胺前药键而是被氢原子取代的酰胺键。
在琥珀酰亚胺-活化的或戊二酰亚胺-活化的前药裂解的情况中,含胺的亲核基团作为临近基团用于增强永久酰胺键中含有的氮的亲核性,永久酰胺键中含有的氮进而进攻前药的酰胺羰基基团,从而诱导永久酰胺键的分子内酰化,生成环状二酰亚胺环。
因此优选的连接体结构包含:连至载体的永久连接、含胺的亲核基团和具有与酰胺键的氮连接的氢的永久酰胺键。相应的载体连接的前药包含含有永久连接载体的连接体、含胺的亲核基团和所述的永久酰胺键,以及来自通过可裂解的酰胺键轭合到连接体的药物的含氮的生物学活性部分。
图1显示形成环状二酰亚胺的裂解的实例。生物学活性部分的氮显示为含有氢的胺,其致使生成含有伯胺官能团的药物。但是,例如仲胺也可以为药物的一部分。为简短起见,对1-4个包含载体的必有的取代基L2-Z不予显示。
优选的前药性质为在pH 7.4和37℃下在含水缓冲液中水解的半衰期在1h和3个月之间;在生理条件下在缓冲液和血浆中具有类似的水解速率。
根据本发明的前药可以表现出良好的连接体裂解的体内/体外相互关系、高度的酶不依赖性,并能够在较低的pH条件下贮藏(pH依赖性裂解)。
在本发明的意义内,如下所示使用术语。
“生物学活性部分D”意指药物连接体轭合物的部分,其在裂解后形成具有已知生物活性的药物D-H。
“非活性连接体”意指不具有得自生物学活性剂的药物的药理作用的连接体。
“烷基”意指直链或支链的碳链。烷基碳上的每个氢可被取代基代替。
“C1-4烷基”意指具有1-4个碳原子的烷基链,当出现在分子的末端时,例如:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基;或者当分子的两部分通过烷基基团连接起来时,例如-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH(C2H5)-、-C(CH3)2-。C1-4烷基碳上的每个氢可被取代基代替。
“C1-6烷基”意指含有1-6个碳原子的烷基链,当出现在分子的末端时,例如:C1-4烷基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基;或者当分子的两部分通过烷基基团连接起来时,例如-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH(C2H5)-、-C(CH3)2-。C1-6烷基碳上的每个氢可被取代基代替。
相应地,“C1-18烷基”意指含有1-18个碳原子的烷基链,“C8-18烷基”意指含有8-18个碳原子的烷基链。相应地,“C1-50烷基”意指含有1-50个碳原子的烷基链。
“C2-50烯基”意指含有2-50个碳原子的支链或直链烯基链,当在分子末端出现时,例如:-CH=CH2、-CH=CH-CH3、-CH2-CH=CH2、-CH=CH-CH2-CH3、-CH=CH-CH=CH2;或者当分子的两部分由烯基基团连接起来时,例如-CH=CH-。C2-50烯基碳上的每个氢可被进一步具体说明的取代基代替。相应地,术语“烯基”涉及具有至少一个碳碳双键的碳链。任选地,可能存在一个或多个叁键。
“C2-50炔基”意指含有2-50个碳原子的支链或直链炔基链,当在分子末端出现时,例如:-C≡CH、-CH2-C≡CH、CH2-CH2-C≡CH、CH2-C≡C-CH3;或者,当分子的两部分由炔基基团连接起来时,例如-C≡C-。C2-50炔基碳上的每个氢可被进一步具体说明的取代基代替。相应地,术语“炔基”涉及具有至少一个碳碳叁键的碳链。任选地,可能存在一个或多个双键。
“C3-7环烷基”或“C3-7环烷基环”意指具有3-7个碳原子的环状烷基链,其可以具有碳-碳双键,并且至少是部分饱和的,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基。环烷基碳上的每个氢可被取代基代替。术语“C3-7环烷基”或“C3-7环烷基环”还包括桥接的二环,如降冰片烷(norbonane)或降冰片烯(norbonene)。相应地,“C3-5环烷基”意指具有3-5个碳原子的环烷基。
相应地,“C3-10环烷基”意指具有3-10个碳原子的环烷基,例如C3-7环烷基;环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基。术语“C3-10环烷基”还包括至少部分饱和的碳单环或碳二环。
“卤素”意指氟、氯、溴或碘。一般来讲,优选的卤素为氟或氯。
“4-7元杂环基”或“4-7元杂环”意指具有4、5、6或7个环原子的环,其可以含有至多最大数目的双键(完全饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的芳香环或非芳香环),其中至少1个环原子最多到4个环原子被选自硫(包括-S(O)-、-S(O)2-)、氧和氮(包括=N(O)-)的杂原子代替,且其中该环经由碳原子或氮原子连接到分子的其余部分。4-7元杂环的实例为氮杂环丁烷、氧杂环丁烷、硫杂环丁烷、呋喃、噻吩、吡咯、吡咯啉、咪唑、咪唑啉、吡唑、吡唑啉、唑、唑啉、异唑、异唑啉、噻唑、噻唑啉、异噻唑、异噻唑啉、噻二唑、噻二唑啉、四氢呋喃、四氢噻吩、吡咯烷、咪唑烷、吡唑烷、唑烷、异唑烷、噻唑烷、异噻唑烷、噻二唑烷、环丁砜、吡喃、二氢吡喃、四氢吡喃、咪唑烷、吡啶、哒嗪、吡嗪、嘧啶、哌嗪、哌啶、吗啉、四唑、三唑、三唑烷、四唑烷、二氮杂环庚烷(diazepane)、氮杂或高哌嗪。
“9-11元杂二环基”或“9-11元杂二环”意指具有9-11个环原子的二环杂环系统,其中这两个环共享至少一个环原子,并可以含有直到最大数目的双键(完全饱和、部分饱和或不饱和的芳香环或非芳香环),其中至少1个环原子直到6个环原子被选自硫(包括-S(O)-、-S(O)2-)、氧和氮(包括=N(O)-)的杂原子代替,并且其中该环经由碳原子或氮原子连接到分子的其余部分。9-11元杂二环的实例为吲哚、二氢吲哚、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、苯并唑、苯并异唑、苯并噻唑、苯并异噻唑、苯并咪唑、苯并咪唑啉、喹啉、喹唑啉、二氢喹唑啉、喹啉、二氢喹啉、四氢喹啉、十氢喹啉、异喹啉、十氢异喹啉、四氢异喹啉、二氢异喹啉、苯并氮杂嘌呤或蝶啶。术语9-11元杂二环还包括两个环的螺结构如1,4-二氧杂-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷,或桥接的杂环如8-氮杂-二环[3.2.1]辛烷。
在含有一个或多个酸性或碱性基团的式(I)化合物的情况下,本发明还包括它们相应的药学上或毒理学上可接受的盐,特别是它们的药学上可应用的盐。因此,含有酸性基团的式(I)化合物可以根据本发明进行使用,例如,作为碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或作为铵盐使用。此类盐更具体的实例包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或与氨或有机胺(例如乙胺、乙醇胺、三乙醇胺或氨基酸)形成的盐。含有一个或多个碱性基团(即可以被质子化的基团)的式(I)化合物可以根据本发明以它们与无机酸或有机酸的加成盐形式存在和使用。适当的酸的实例包括氯化氢、溴化氢、磷酸、硫酸、硝酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘二磺酸、草酸、醋酸、酒石酸、乳酸、水杨酸、苯甲酸、甲酸、丙酸、新戊酸、二乙基乙酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、庚二酸、富马酸、马来酸、苹果酸、氨基磺酸、苯基丙酸、葡糖酸、抗坏血酸、异烟酸、柠檬酸、己二酸和本领域技术人员已知的其它酸。如果式(I)化合物在分子中同时含有酸性和碱性基团,除了提到的盐形式外,本发明还包括内盐或内铵盐(两性离子)。根据式(I)的各种盐可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规方法获得,例如,通过使其与有机或无机的酸或碱在溶剂或分散剂中接触,或通过与其它盐进行阴离子交换或阳离子交换来获得。本发明还包括由于生理学相容性低不适于直接在药物中使用但可以例如用作化学反应的中间体或用于制备药学上可接受的盐的式(I)化合物的所有盐。
术语“药学上可接受的”意指由管理机构例如EMEA(欧洲)和/或FDA(US)和/或任何其它国家管理机构批准在动物中优选在人类中使用。
“药物组合物”意指一种或多种活性成分和一种或多种惰性成分以及任何产品,所述的产品为直接或间接得自任何两种或更多种成分的组合、复合或聚集,或得自一种或多种成分的分离(dissociation),或得自一种或多种成分其它类型的反应或相互作用。因此,本发明的药物组合物包括通过混合本发明化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂(药学上可接受的载体)制备的任何组合物。
术语“赋形剂”是指与治疗药物一起施用的稀释剂、辅助剂或载体。所述药物赋形剂可以是无菌的液体,例如水和油,包括石油、动物、植物或合成来源的那些油,包括但不限于花生油、大豆油、矿物油、芝麻油等。当口服施用药物组合物时,水为优选的赋形剂。当静脉内施用药物组合物时,盐水和葡萄糖水溶液为优选的赋形剂。优选使用盐水溶液和葡萄糖水溶液和甘油溶液作为可注射溶液的液体赋形剂。适当的药学赋形剂包括淀粉、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、明胶、麦芽、大米、面粉、天然碳酸钙(chalk)、硅胶、硬脂酸钠、单硬脂酸甘油酯、滑石粉、氯化钠、脱脂奶粉、甘油、丙烯、乙二醇、水、乙醇等。如果需要的话,组合物还可以含有少量的润湿剂或乳化剂,或pH缓冲剂。这些组合物可以采取溶液、悬浮液、乳状液、片剂、丸剂、胶囊、散剂、缓释制剂等形式。组合物可与传统的粘合剂和赋形剂(例如甘油三酯类)一起配制成栓剂。口服制剂可以包含标准赋形剂例如药用级别的甘露醇、乳糖、淀粉、硬脂酸镁、糖精钠、纤维素、碳酸镁等。适当的药学赋形剂的实例描述在由E.W.Martin编写的“Remington′s药物科学(Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences)中。所述组合物含有治疗有效量的治疗药物(优选纯化形式的)和适量的赋形剂,从而提供适当施用至患者的形式。制剂应适合施用方式。
优选地,X3为O。
优选地,X为N(R4),X1为C且X3为O。
优选地,X2为C(R7R7a)。
优选地,L1选自:
其中R为H或C1-4烷基;Y为NH、O、或S;R1、R1a、R2、R2a、R3、R3a、R4、X、X1、X2具有上文所示的含义。
甚至更优选地,L1选自:
其中R具有上文所示的含义。
至少1个(至多4个)氢被L2-Z基团代替。在出现1个以上L2-Z基团的情况下,每个L2和每个Z可被独立地选取。优选地,仅出现1个L2-Z基团,从而得到式D-L1-L2-Z。
一般而言,除了替代式(I)中用星号标记的氢外,L2可以在任何位置连接到L1上。优选地,1-4个由R、R1-R8直接给出的氢或由R和R1-R8的定义给出的C1-4烷基或其它基团和环的氢被L2-Z代替。
此外,L1可以为任选被进一步取代。一般来说,只要裂解原则不受影响,可使用任何取代基。
优选地,一个或多个进一步的任选取代基独立选自卤素、CN、COOR9、OR9、C(O)R9、C(O)N(R9R9a)、S(O)2N(R9R9a)、S(O)N(R9R9a)、S(O)2R9、S(O)R9、N(R9)S(O)2N(R9aR9b)、SR9、N(R9R9a)、NO2、OC(O)R9、N(R9)C(O)R9a、N(R9)S(O)2R9a、N(R9)S(O)R9a、N(R9)C(O)OR9a、N(R9)C(O)N(R9aR9b)、OC(O)N(R9R9a)、T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基或C2-50炔基,其中T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的R10取代,并且其中C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个选自下列的基团间隔:T、-C(O)O-、-O-、-C(O)-、-C(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2N(R11)-、-S(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2N(R11a)-、-S-、-N(R11)-、-OC(O)R11、-N(R11)C(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2-、-N(R11)S(O)-、-N(R11)C(O)O-、-N(R11)C(O)N(R11a)-和-OC(O)N(R11R11a);
R9、R9a、R9b独立选自H、T和C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基或C2-50炔基,其中T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的R10取代,并且其中C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个选自下列的基团间隔:T、-C(O)O-、-O-、-C(O)-、-C(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2N(R11)-、-S(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2N(R11a)-、-S-、-N(R11)-、-OC(O)R11、-N(R11)C(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2-、-N(R11)S(O)-、-N(R11)C(O)O-、-N(R11)C(O)N(R11a)-和-OC(O)N(R11R11a);
T选自苯基、萘基、茚基、茚满基、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘基、C3-10环烷基、4-7元杂环基或9-11元杂二环基,其中T任选被一个或多个R10取代,所述R10是相同的或不同的;
R10为卤素;CN;氧代(=O);COOR12;OR12;C(O)R12;C(O)N(R12R12a);S(O)2N(R12R12a);S(O)N(R12R12a);S(O)2R12;S(O)R12;N(R12)S(O)2N(R12aR12b);SR12;N(R12R12a);NO2;OC(O)R12;N(R12)C(O)R12a;N(R12)S(O)2R12a;N(R12)S(O)R12a;N(R12)C(O)OR12a;N(R12)C(O)N(R12aR12b);OC(O)N(R12R12a);或C1-6烷基,其中C1-6烷基任选被一个或多个卤素取代,所述卤素是相同的或不同的;
R11、R11a、R12、R12a、R12b独立选自H或C1-6烷基,其中C1-6烷基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的卤素取代。
术语“间隔”意指在两个碳原子之间插入一个基团,或在碳链末端碳和氢之间插入一个基团。
L2为单一化学键或间隔基团。在L2为间隔基团的情况下,其优选定义为一个或多个上述定义的任选的取代基,前提是L2被Z取代。
相应地,当L2不为单一化学键时,L2-Z为COOR9、OR9、C(O)R9、C(O)N(R9R9a)、S(O)2N(R9R9a)、S(O)N(R9R9a)、S(O)2R9、S(O)R9、N(R9)S(O)2N(R9aR9b)、SR9、N(R9R9a)、OC(O)R9、N(R9)C(O)R9a、N(R9)S(O)2R9a、N(R9)S(O)R9a、N(R9)C(O)OR9a、N(R9)C(O)N(R9aR9b)、OC(O)N(R9R9a)、T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基或C2-50炔基,其中T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的R10取代,并且其中C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个选自下列的基团间隔:-T-、-C(O)O-、-O-、-C(O)-、-C(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2N(R11)-、-S(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2N(R11a)-、-S-、-N(R11)-、-OC(O)R11、-N(R11)C(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2-、-N(R11)S(O)-、-N(R11)C(O)O-、-N(R11)C(O)N(R11a)-和-OC(O)N(R11R11a);
R9、R9a、R9b独立地选自H、Z、T和C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基或C2-50炔基,其中T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的R10取代,并且其中C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个选自下列的基团间隔:T、-C(O)O-、-O-、-C(O)-、-C(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2N(R11)-、-S(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2N(R11a)-、-S-、-N(R11)-、-OC(O)R11、-N(R11)C(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2-、-N(R11)S(O)-、-N(R11)C(O)O-、-N(R11)C(O)N(R11a)-和-OC(O)N(R11R11a);
T选自苯基、萘基、茚基、茚满基、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘基、C3-10环烷基、4-7元杂环基或9-11元杂二环基,其中t任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的R10取代;
R10为Z;卤素;CN;氧代(=O);COOR12;OR12;C(O)R12;C(O)N(R12R12a);S(O)2N(R12R12a);S(O)N(R12R12a);S(O)2R12;S(O)R12;N(R12)S(O)2N(R12aR12b);SR12;N(R12R12a);NO2;OC(O)R12;N(R12)C(O)R12a;N(R12)S(O)2R12a;N(R12)S(O)R12a;N(R12)C(O)OR12a;N(R12)C(O)N(R12aR12b);OC(O)N(R12R12a);或C1-6烷基,其中C1-6烷基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的卤素取代;
R11、R11a、R12、R12a、R12b独立选自H;Z;或C1-6烷基,其中C1-6烷基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的卤素取代;
前提为R9、R9a、R9b、R10、R11、R11a、R12、R12a、R12b中的一个为Z。
更优选地,L2为C1-20烷基链,其任选被一个或多个独立选自-O-和C(O)N(R3aa)的基团间隔,任选被一个或多个独立选自OH和C(O)N(R3aaR3aaa)的基团取代,并且其中R3aa、R3aaa独立选自:H和C1-4烷基。
优选地,L2具有14g/mol-750g/mol的分子量。
在L2具有所述末端基团的情况下,还优选L2具有14g/mol-500g/mol的分子量(在不计入所述末端基团的情况下)。
优选地,L由式(Ia)表示
其中R4、L2和Z具有上文所示的含义,且其中R3aa、R3aaa独立地选自H和C1-4烷基,或与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成4-7元杂环。优选地,R4为H或甲基。
优选地,L由式(Ib)表示
其中R1、R1a、R4、L2和Z具有上文所示的含义,且其中R3aa为H或C1-4烷基。优选地,R4为H或甲基。
优选地,式(I)中的R1为L2-Z。
优选地,式(I)中的R3为L2-Z。
优选地,式(I)中的R3、R3a与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成4-7元杂环,其中所述杂环被L2-Z取代。
优选地,D-H为小分子生物活性剂或生物聚合物。
优选地,D-H为选自蛋白质类、多肽类、寡核苷酸类和肽核酸类的生物聚合物。
“寡核苷酸类”意指具有优选2-1000个核苷酸的DNA、RNA、单链或双链的、siRNA、miRNA、适体(aptamers)和其任何化学修饰。修饰包括但不限于向核酸配体碱基或整个核酸配体提供引入额外电荷、极化性、氢键、静电作用和立体易变性(fluxionality)的其它化学基团的那些。此类修饰包括但不限于2′位糖修饰、5位嘧啶修饰、8位嘌呤修饰、环外胺的修饰、4-硫脲苷的取代、5-溴或5-碘-尿嘧啶的取代;骨架修饰、甲基化、稀有碱基对组合例如异碱基(异胞苷(isocytidine)和异胍(isoguanidine)等)。修饰也可以包括3′和5′修饰例如加帽和立体化学变化。
优选地,D-H为选自下列多肽的多肽:ACTH、腺苷脱氨酶、阿加糖酶(agalsidase)、α-1抗胰蛋白酶(AAT)、α-1蛋白酶抑制剂(API)、阿替普酶、糊精肽类(amylins)(淀粉素(amylin)、醋酸普兰林肽(symlin))、阿尼普酶、安克洛酶(ancrod)丝氨酸蛋白酶、抗体(单克隆或多克隆,及片段或融合物)、抗凝血酶III、抗胰蛋白酶、抑肽酶、天冬酰胺酶、阿托西班、毕法林(biphalin)、比伐卢定、骨形态发生蛋白、牛胰胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BPTI)、钙粘蛋白片断、降钙素(鲑鱼)、胶原酶、补体C1酯酶抑制剂、芋螺毒素类、细胞因子受体片段、DNA酶、强啡肽A(dynorphine A)、内啡肽类、恩夫韦地、脑啡肽类、促红细胞生成素、Exendins(毒蜥外泌肽类)、因子VII、因子VIIa、因子VIII、因子VIIIa、因子IX、纤溶酶、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、生长激素释放肽2(GHRP2)、融合蛋白、促卵泡激素、短杆菌肽、葛瑞林(ghrelin)、去酰基-葛瑞林(desacyl-ghrelin)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、半乳糖苷酶、胰高血糖素、胰高血糖素样肽、葡糖脑苷酯酶、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、人热休克蛋白(HSP)、磷脂酶激活蛋白(PLAP)、绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、血红蛋白类、乙型肝炎疫苗、水蛭素、人丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、玻璃酸酶、艾杜糖醛酸酶(Idurnonidase)、免疫球蛋白类、流感疫苗、白细胞介素类(1α、1β、2、3、4、6、10、11、12、13、21)、IL-1受体拮抗剂(rhIL-1ra)、胰岛素类、胰岛素样生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(rhIGFBP)、干扰素类(α2a、α2b、α2c、β1a、β1b、γ1a、γ1b)、胞内粘附分子、角质化细胞生长因子(KGF)、P-选择蛋白糖蛋白配体(PSGL)、转化生长因子、乳糖酶、瘦素(leptin)、亮丙瑞林、左甲状腺素、促黄体生成素、莱姆(lyme)疫苗、钠尿肽(ANP、BNP、CNP和片段)、神经肽Y、胰脂肪酶、胰多肽、木瓜酶、甲状旁腺素、PDGF、胃蛋白酶、肽YY、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)、催乳素、蛋白质C、胸腺法新、奥曲肽、胰泌素、舍莫瑞林、可溶性(soluble)肿瘤坏死因子受体(TNFR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、促生长激素(生长激素)、Somatoprim、生长抑素、链激酶、蔗糖酶、特利加压素、破伤风毒素片段、半乳糖苷酶、凝血酶、胸腺素、促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone)、促甲状腺素(thyrotropin)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、TNF受体-IgG Fc、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)、TSH、尿扩张素、尿酸氧化酶、尿激酶、疫苗、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管活性肠肽、加压素、齐考诺肽、凝集素和蓖麻毒蛋白。
优选地,D-H为由重组DNA技术制备的蛋白质。
优选地,D-H为选自下列蛋白质的蛋白质:抗体片段、单链抗原结合蛋白、催化抗体和融合蛋白。
优选地,D-H为小分子生物活性剂,其选自具有至少一个伯胺或仲胺基团的下列物质:中枢神经系统活性剂、抗感染剂、抗变应性物质、免疫调节剂、抗肥胖剂、抗凝血药、抗糖尿病药、抗肿瘤药、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、止痛药、避孕药、抗炎药、甾体药物、血管舒张剂、血管收缩剂和心血管药物。
优选地,D-H为小分子生物活性剂,其选自:阿卡波糖、阿拉丙酯、阿屈膦酸盐、金刚烷胺、阿米卡星、安咪奈丁、氨鲁米特、氨磺必利、氨氯地平、Amotosalen、阿莫沙平、阿莫西林、苯丙胺、两性霉素B、氨苄西林、氨普那韦、氨力农、阿尼利定、安普乐定、安普霉素、阿替卡因、阿替洛尔、托莫西汀、阿维扎封、巴氯芬、贝那普利、苄丝肼、苯佐卡因、倍他洛尔、博来霉素、溴芬酸、溴法罗明、卡维地洛、去甲伪麻黄碱、卡西酮、氨磺丁脲(carbutamid)、Cefalexine、克林沙星、环丙沙星、去铁胺、地拉韦啶、地昔帕明、柔红霉素、右哌甲酯(dexmethylphenidate)、右哌甲酯(dexmethylphenidate)、氨苯砜(diaphenylsulfon)、地佐环平、多巴胺(dopamin)、多巴酚丁胺(dobutamin)、多佐胺、多柔比星、度洛西汀、依氟鸟氨酸、依那普利、肾上腺素、表柔比星、麦角灵、厄他培南、艾司洛尔、依诺沙星、乙胺丁醇、芬氟拉明、非诺多泮、非诺特罗、芬戈莫德(fingolimod)、氟卡尼、氟伏沙明、呋山那韦、夫罗曲坦、呋塞米、氟西汀(fluoexetine)、加巴喷丁、加替沙星、吉米沙星(gemiflocacin)、庆大霉素、格帕沙星、海克卡因、肼屈嗪、氢氯噻嗪、Icofungipen、伊达比星、咪喹莫特、美卡拉明、异丙肾上腺素、伊拉地平、卡那霉素A、氯胺酮(ketamin)、拉贝洛尔、拉米夫定、左布诺洛尔、左旋多巴、左甲状腺素、赖诺普利、洛美沙星、氯碳头孢、马普替林、甲氟喹、美法仑、美金刚、美罗培南、美沙拉嗪、美司卡林、甲基多巴、亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺、美托洛尔、米那普仑、米托蒽醌(mitoxantron)、莫西沙星、去甲肾上腺素、诺氟沙星、去甲替林、新霉素B、制霉菌素、奥塞米韦、帕米膦酸、帕罗西汀、帕珠沙星、培美曲塞、培哚普利、芬美曲秦、苯乙肼、普瑞巴林、普鲁卡因、伪麻黄碱、普罗替林、瑞波西汀、利托君、萨巴比星(sabarubicin)、沙丁胺醇、血清素、舍曲林、西他列汀(sitagliptin)、索他洛尔、大观霉素、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧啶(sulfamerazin)、舍曲林、Sprectinomycin、磺胺林(sulfalen)、磺胺甲唑、他克林、坦索罗辛、特布他林、噻吗洛尔、替罗非班、妥布霉素、妥卡尼、托氟沙星、群多普利、氨甲环酸、反苯环丙胺、三甲曲沙(trimerexate)、曲伐沙星、伐昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、万古霉素、紫霉素、维洛沙秦和扎西他滨。
优选地,Z为至少500Da的聚合物或为C8-18烷基。
优选地,Z选自下列的任选交联的聚合物:聚(丙二醇)、聚(乙二醇)、葡聚糖、壳聚糖、透明质酸、海藻酸盐、木聚糖、甘露聚糖、角叉菜胶、琼脂糖、纤维素、淀粉、羟基烷基淀粉(HAS)、聚(乙烯醇类)、聚(唑啉类)、聚(酐)、聚(原酸酯)、聚(碳酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸乙酯类)、聚(丙烯酸类)、聚(丙烯酰胺类)、聚(丙烯酸酯类)、聚(甲基丙烯酸酯类)、聚(膦腈)(poly(organophosphazenes))、聚唑啉、聚(硅氧烷)、聚(酰胺)、聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮)、聚(氰基丙烯酸酯类)、聚(酯)、聚(亚氨基碳酸酯类)、聚(氨基酸)、胶原、明胶、水凝胶或血浆蛋白,及其共聚物。
优选地,Z为蛋白质。
优选地,Z为选自白蛋白、转铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白的蛋白质。
优选地,Z为直链或支链的聚(乙二醇),其分子量为2,000Da-150,000Da。
甚至更优选的是本发明的前药,其中D-H为GLP-1受体激动剂;L为如上文所示的式(I)表示的L1;且Z为水凝胶。甚至更优选地,在式(I)中,X为N(R4),X1为C且X3为O。甚至更优选地,L用上文所示的式(Ia)表示。
GLP-1为一种摄食后释放到循环系统中的肠内肽激素。当营养(尤其是碳水化合物)被吸收和它们的餐后水平升高时,它能增强餐后胰岛素的释放。GLP-1与位于胰腺β-细胞的GLP-1受体位点相关,并以剂量依赖性方式升高内源性cAMP水平。在离体大鼠胰岛中,在存在超过正常的血糖水平时,GLP-1刺激胰岛素的释放。以前已提出GLP-1在2型糖尿病患者中具有治疗潜能,这是由于这种促胰岛素释放肽具有奇妙效能,其在血糖水平升高时刺激胰岛素分泌且当回复至正常血糖量时停止这种刺激。胰高血糖素样肽-1(7-36)酰胺在正常受试者和糖尿病患者中的抗糖尿病效应例如在N.Engl.J.Med.326(20):1316-1322中进行描述。体外研究和动物实验表明GLP-1会提高胰岛素敏感性且对胰岛β-细胞具有合成代谢作用。在人体中,还报告GLP-1抑制胰高血糖素分泌、减速胃排空和诱导饱腹感,如果施用数周和数月会导致体重减轻。
据报告Exendin-4(毒蜥外泌肽-4)与位于胰腺β-细胞的GLP-1受体相关,其亲和力比GLP-1高2.5倍。在离体大鼠胰岛和β-细胞中,在存在葡萄糖时,Exendin以剂量依赖性模式增强胰岛素的分泌。Exendin-4为高效的激动剂和截短的Exendin-(9-39)-酰胺,一种在胰岛素-分泌β-细胞的胰高血糖素样肽1-(7-36)-酰胺受体的拮抗剂(参见J.Biol.Chem.268(26):19650-19655)。在2型糖尿病啮齿类动物中进行的研究揭示在降低血糖水平方面Exendin-4的效力比GLP-1高5530倍。而且,Exendin-4单次施用后降低葡萄糖作用的持续时间显著长于GLP-1(参见例如糖尿病(Diabetes)48(5):1026-1034)。据描述,人体中Exendin-4的血浆半衰期仅为26分钟。在健康志愿者中,Exendin-4降低空腹和餐后葡萄糖,并减少能量摄入(参见例如Am.J.Physiol.Endocrinol.Metab.281(1):E155-61)。
因此,在甚至更优选的实施方案中,GLP-1受体激动剂为Exendin-4。
待使用的水凝胶为本领域中已知的。可以使用在WO-A 2006/003014中进行描述的适当的水凝胶。因此,可以将水凝胶定义为三维的、能够吸收大量水分的亲水或两亲的聚合网状构造(network)。该网状构造由同聚物或共聚物组成,由于存在共价化学或物理(离子相互作用、疏水相互作用、缠结)交叉连接,它是不可溶的。这种交叉连接提供网状结构和物理完整性。水凝胶表现出与水的热力学相容性,其能允许它们在水介质中溶胀。以此种模式连接网状构造的链,致使存在孔,且这些孔的基本部分(substantialfraction)大小在1nm-1000nm之间。
本发明的另一个目的是药物组合物,该药物组合物包含本发明的前药或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
且本发明的另一个目的是本发明的前药或本发明的药物组合物,其用用作药物。
且本发明的另一个目的是在需要治疗一种或多种疾病的哺乳动物患者中治疗、控制、延迟或预防的方法,该方法包括对所述的患者施用治疗有效量的本发明前药或本发明的药物组合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的另一个目的是式Act-L的前药前体,其中L具有上文所示的含义,且Act为离去基团。
优选地,Act为氯化物、溴化物、氟化物、硝基苯氧基、咪唑基、N-羟基琥珀酰亚氨基、N-羟基苯并三唑基、N-羟基偶氮苯丙三唑基(N-hydroxyazobenzotriazolyl)、五氟苯氧基、2-硫代-噻唑烷基(2-thiooxo-thiazolidinyl)或N-羟基磺基琥珀酰亚氨基(N-hydroxysulfosuccinimidyl)。
实施例
材料和方法
材料:在Rink酰胺树脂上的侧链保护的Exendin-4(J.Eng等人,J.Biol.Chem.1992,267,11,7402-7405)、在氯三苯甲基树脂上的侧链保护的BNP-32a(人,Cys10和Cys26交换为Ala)、在氯三苯甲基树脂上的在Lys14上具有ivDde侧链保护基团的侧链保护的BNP-32b(人,Cys10和Cys26交换为Ala)和在Rink酰胺树脂上的侧链保护的人生长激素释放因子片段1-29酰胺(GRF(1-29))(每一个通过Fmoc-策略合成)获自PeptideSpecialty Laboratories GmbH,Heidelberg,德国。使用标准侧链保护基团,除了Exendin-4的Lys27和GRF(1-29)的Lys21外,其中使用Mmt侧链保护基团。
40kDa甲氧基聚(乙二醇)马来酰亚氨基-丙酰胺(PEG40kDa-马来酰亚胺)得自Chirotech Technology Ltd,Cambridge,UK。
如果无其它说明,2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂、Sieber酰胺树脂和氨基酸来自Merck Biosciences GmbH,Schwalbach/Ts,德国。Fmoc-D-高半胱氨酸(Trt)-OH和S-三苯甲基-3-巯基丙酸(Trt-MPA)获得自Bachem AG,Bubendorf,瑞士。O-(N-Fmoc-2-氨基乙基)-O′-(2-羧基乙基)-十一乙二醇(Fmoc-Pop-OH)获自Polypure AS,Oslo,挪威。
Fmoc-4-(2-氨基乙基)-1-羧基甲基-哌嗪(Fmoc-Acp-OH)购自NeoMPSSA,Strasbourg,法国。顺式-环己烷-1,2-二羧酸酐获得自Alfa Aesar GmbH&Co KG,Karlsruhe,德国。
所有其它化学制品均来自Sigma-ALDRICH Chemie GmbH,Taufkirchen,德国。
固相合成在载量为1.3mmol/g的2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂或在载量为0.55mmol/g的Sieber酰胺树脂上进行。使用配有聚丙烯釉料(frits)的注射器作为反应容器。
根据生产厂家的说明对树脂进行首个氨基酸的上载。
Fmoc脱保护:
为了除去Fmoc保护基团,用2/2/96(v/v/v)哌啶/DBU/DMF搅动树脂(两次,每次10min),并用DMF洗涤(10次)。
ivDde脱保护:
为了除去ivDde保护基团,用98/2(v/v)DMF/水合肼搅动树脂(3次,每次10min),并用DMF洗涤(10次)。
Boc保护:
通过用30当量(eq)的(boc)2O和60当量的吡啶在DCM溶液搅动树脂对肽的N端进行boc-保护。1h后,用DCM洗涤树脂(10次)。
酸的标准偶联条件:
酸(脂肪族酸、Fmoc-氨基酸)与树脂上游离的氨基基团的偶联通过在室温下在DMF中将树脂与相对于树脂上的游离氨基基团(基于树脂的理论载量计算的)的3当量酸、3当量PyBOP和6当量DIEA一起搅动来实现。1h后,用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。
3-马来酰亚氨基丙酸偶联:
3-马来酰亚氨基丙酸与树脂上游离氨基基团的偶联通过在室温下在DMF中将树脂与相对于游离氨基基团的2当量酸、2当量DIC和2当量HOBt一起搅动来实现。30min后,用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。
用于在树脂上合成脲的标准方案:
通过在室温下在DCM/ACN 1/1中将树脂与相对于游离氨基基团的2.5当量双(五氟苯基)碳酸酯、5当量DIEA和0.25当量DMAP一起搅动来实现在树脂上合成脲。15min后,用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。将5当量的胺溶解在DMF中。将混合物加入到树脂中,在室温下搅动60min。用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。
Sieber酰胺树脂的裂解方案:
当合成完成时,将树脂用DCM洗涤(10次),在真空中干燥并用97/2/1(v/v)DCM/TES/TFA反复处理(5次,每次15分钟)。合并洗脱物,在氮气流下除去挥发物,经RP-HPLC纯化产物。将含有产物的HPLC流份合并并冻干。
2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂的裂解方案:
当合成完成时,将树脂用DCM洗涤,在真空中干燥并用6/4(v/v)DCM/HFIP处理两次(30分钟)。合并洗脱物,在氮气流下除去挥发物,经RP-HPLC纯化产物。将含有产物的HPLC流份合并并冻干。
Rink酰胺树脂的裂解方案:
当合成完成时,将树脂用DCM洗涤,在真空中干燥并在室温下每100mg树脂用2ml TFA裂解混合物(TFA/TES/水/DTT 95/2/2/1)处理60分钟。在氮气流下除去挥发物。通过从乙醚中沉淀肽来除去非极性的副产物和保护基。将沉淀物在真空中干燥,溶解在ACN/水1/1中,经RP-HPLC纯化。
使用离子交换树脂(Discovery DSC-SAX,Supelco,USA),将以TFA盐形式得到的含胺产物转化为相应的HCl盐。在预期残留的TFA会干扰例如后面的偶联反应的情况下进行本步骤。
RP-HPLC纯化:
RP-HPLC在连接到Waters 600 HPLC系统和Waters 2487吸收度检测器的100×20或100×40mm C18 ReproSil-Pur 300 ODS-3 5μ柱(Dr.Maisch,Ammerbuch,德国)上进行。使用溶液A(0.1%TFA的H2O溶液)和溶液B(0.1%TFA的乙腈溶液)的线性梯度。将含有产物的HPLC流份冻干。
分析:电喷雾离子化质谱(ESI-MS)在Waters ZQ 4000 ESI仪上进行,必要时,波谱由Waters软件MaxEnt进行解释。
如无其它说明,使用配有Superdex200 10/300柱(AmershamBioscience/GE Healthcare)的Amersham Bioscience AEKTAbasic系统进行分子排阻色谱法(SEC)。使用10mM磷酸钠、140mM NaCl、pH 7.4,3mMEDTA作为流动相。
对于阳离子交换色谱法,Amersham Bioscience AEKTAbasic系统配有Source 15S填充的HR16/10柱(Amersham Bioscience/GE Healthcare)。
使用配有HiPrep 26/10脱盐柱的Amersham Bioscience AEKTAbasic系统进行脱盐处理,0.1%醋酸水溶液作为流动相。
体外的连接体水解和药物释放:将化合物溶解在缓冲液A(10mM磷酸钠、140mM NaCl、pH 7.4,3mM EDTA)或缓冲液B(0.1M醋酸盐(Acetat)3mM EDTA,pH 4.0)中,将溶液通过0.2μm过滤器过滤,在37℃下进行孵育。经时间间隔采集样品,并经RP-HPLC在215nm下和ESI-MS进行分析。对与释放的药物分子相关的UV-信号进行积分,并相对于孵育时间进行绘图。在前药和药物的保留时间相同的情况下,使用质量信号比来测定释放动力学。
对于水凝胶轭合物,将化合物混悬在缓冲液A中,在37℃下进行孵育。将混悬液离心后采集样品,用RP-HPLC在215nm下进行分析。对与释放的药物分子相关的UV-信号进行积分,并相对于孵育时间进行绘图。
应用曲线拟合软件来估算相应的释放半衰期。
实施例1
脂肪酸载体(1)的合成
1是在sieber酰胺树脂(477mg,0.262mmol)上经如上面所述以及在“材料和方法”中所述的Fmoc-Lys(ivDde)-OH偶联、fmoc脱保护、十二烷酸偶联、ivDde脱保护、Fmoc-Pop-OH偶联、fmoc脱保护、3-马来酰亚氨基丙酸偶联、从树脂上裂解和纯化来合成的。
产量(yield):128mg(0.119mmol)。
MS:m/z 1101.0=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=1078.4g/mol)。
实施例2
连接体试剂(2)的合成
连接体试剂2是在3-氯三苯甲基氯树脂(300mg,0.39mmol)上,经如上面所述以及在“材料和方法”中所述的用Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH上载树脂、fmoc脱保护、和使用N,N-二甲基-乙二胺作为胺进行树脂上的脲形成、从树脂上裂解而合成的。对于RP-HPLC分离,使用0.01%HCl水溶液作为溶液A,使用0.01%HCl乙腈溶液作为溶液B。
产量:82mg HCl盐(0.16mmol)。
MS:m/z 478.2=[M+H]+(计算的MW=477.6g/mol)。
实施例3
Exendin-4连接体中间体(3)的合成
将2(14mg,0.027mmol)、PyBOP(14mg,0.027mmol)和DIEA(17μl,0.10mmol)溶解在0.2ml无水DMF中。将混合物加入到22mg在树脂上的侧链保护的Exendin-4(0.1mmol/g,2.2μmol),并在室温下搅动30min。将树脂用DMF(10次)和DCM(10次)洗涤。如在“材料和方法”中所述那样,将3从树脂上裂解下来,并经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:1.7mg为TFA盐的3(0.38μmol)。
MS:m/z 1468.7=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4403g/mol)。
实施例4
脂肪酸-PEG-连接体-Exendin-4轭合物(4)的合成
将3(1.7mg,0.38μmol)和1(0.6mg,0.58μmol)溶解在500μl乙腈/水7/3(v/v)中。加入40μl 0.5M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.4),然后将混合物在室温下孵育10min。将轭合物4用RP-HPLC纯化。
MS:m/z 1828.7=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=5480g/mol)。
实施例5
连接体中间体(5a)的合成
将Fmoc-Acp-OH·2HCl(100mg,0.21mmol)混悬在400μlDMF/DMSO 1/1(v/v)中。加入S-三苯甲基半胱胺·HCl(75mg,0.21mmol)、PyBOP(109mg,0.21mmol)和DIEA(146μl,0.86mmol),将混合物在室温下搅动60min。通过加入75μl哌啶和25μl DBU除去Fmoc基团。15min后将混合物水解和酸化(AcOH),将化合物用RP-HPLC纯化。冻干后,得到98mg(0.14mmol,二TFA盐)。
MS:m/z 511.6=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=488.7g/mol)。
顺-环己烷二甲酸阿莫沙平单酰胺(5b)的合成
将阿莫沙平(200mg,0.64mmol)和顺-环己烷-1,2-二甲酸酐(108mg,0.70mmol)溶解在700μl无水DMF中。加入吡啶(130μl,1.6mmol),将混合物在室温下搅拌60min。将混合物用2ml乙腈/乙酸/水(1/1/1)淬灭,经RP-HPLC纯化。冻干后,得到344mg(0.49mmol,二TFA盐)5b。
MS:m/z 468.5=[M+H]+(计算的MW=468.0g/mol)。
连接体-阿莫沙平轭合物(5c)的合成
将5b(7mg,0.010mmol)通过用PyBOP(12.5mg,0.024mmol)和DIEA(5μl,0.03mmol)在200μl无水DMF中在室温下孵育45min进行预活化。加入5a(20mg,0.028mmol)和DIEA(15μl,0.09mmol),将混合物再孵育60min。将混合物用0.5ml乙腈/乙酸/水(1/1/1)淬灭,经RP-HPLC纯化。冻干后得到3mg(0.0026mmol,二TFA盐)5c。
MS:m/z 939.3=[M+H]+(计算的MW=938.6g/mol)。
对于三苯甲基脱保护而言,将冻干物在1ml HFIP和3μl TES中孵育30min。蒸发混合物,用RP-HPLC纯化硫醇。冻干后得到2mg(2.2μmol,二TFA盐)阿莫沙平-连接体轭合物5c。
MS:m/z 697.1=[M+H]+(计算的MW=696.3g/mol)。
脂肪酸-PEG-阿莫沙平轭合物(5)的合成
将阿莫沙平-连接体轭合物5c(2mg,2.2μmol)和1(3.5mg,3.2μmol)溶解在900μl乙腈/水7/3(v/v)中。加入60μl 0.5M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.4),将混合物在室温下孵育10min。将5用RP-HPLC纯化。
MS:m/z 1774.9=[M+H]+(计算的MW=1774.7g/mol)。
实施例6
连接体试剂(6)的合成
将Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-OH(411mg,1mmol)、HOBt(153mg,1mmol)和DIC(160μl,1mmol)溶解在2ml DMF中,在室温下孵育10min。加入N,N-二甲基乙二胺(160μl,1.5mmol),在室温下搅拌30min。加入乙酸(300μl),将Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-NH-(CH2)2-N(CH3)2用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:220mg(0.46mmol)
MS Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-NH-(CH2)2-N(CH3)2:m/z 504.6=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=481.6g/mol)。
将Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-NH-(CH2)2-N(CH3)2(220mg,0.46mmol)溶解在3ml 98/2(v/v)TFA/TES中。30min后,在氮气流下除去溶剂,使用0.01%HCl水溶液作为溶剂A和0.01%HCl乙腈溶液作为溶剂B,用RP-HPLC纯化6。
产量:146mg(0.32mmol,HCl盐)
MS:m/z 426.5=[M+H]+(计算的MW=425.5g/mol)。
实施例7
连接体试剂7a和7b的合成
7a的合成:
将Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-OH(300mg,0.73mmol)、HOBt(1112mg,0.73mmol)和DIC(117μl,0.73mmol)溶解在2ml DMF中,并在室温下孵育10min。加入Boc-乙二胺(230mg,1.44mmol),在室温下搅拌30min。加入乙酸(300μl),并将Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-NH-(CH2)2-NH-boc用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:205mg(0.37mmol)
MS中间体:m/z 576.6=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=553.7g/mol)。
将Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-NH-(CH2)2-NH-boc(205mg,0.37mmol)溶解在3ml98/2(v/v)TFA/TES中。30min后,在氮气流下除去溶剂,并将Fmoc-Asp(H)-NH-(CH2)2-NH2用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:140mg(0.27mmol,TFA盐)
MS中间体:m/z 398.8=[M+H]+(计算的MW=397.4g/mol)。
将Fmoc-Asp(H)-NH-(CH2)2-NH2(140mg,0.27mmol,TFA盐)溶解在1ml DMF中,加入DIEA(140μl,0.81mmol)和boc2O(100mg,0.46mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌15min,然后用乙酸(300μl)酸化。用RP-HPLC纯化7a。
产量7a:120mg(0.24mmol)
MS 7a:m/z 520.5=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=497.6g/mol)。
除了在第一步中使用H2N-(CH2)2-N(CH3)-boc代替boc-乙二胺外,如上面所述那样合成7b。
产量7b:115mg
MS 7b:m/z 534.5=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=511.6g/mol)。
实施例8
Exendin-连接体轭合物8a、8b和8c的合成
8a:R1=H,R2=H
8b:R1=H,R2=CH3
8c:R1=CH3,R2=CH3
8a的合成:
将7a(30mg,60μmol)、HOBt(9mg,60μmol)、DIEA(12μl,70μmol)和DIC(10μl,63μmol)溶解在200μl DMF中,立即加入到在树脂上的侧链保护的Exendin-4(40mg,4μmol)中,在室温下孵育1h。将树脂用DMF洗涤10次,然后用500μl 1/1/2乙酸酐/吡啶/DMF孵育5min。将树脂用DMF洗涤10次,除去fmoc基团。偶联三苯甲基-巯基丙酸(Trt-mercaptopropionic acid),将8a从树脂上裂解下来,用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:3.6mg
MS 8a:m/z 1108.5=[M+4H]4+;1477.8=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4432g/mol)。
除了使用7b代替7a外,如上文对8a所述的那样合成8b。
产量:3.5mg
MS 8b:m/z 1112.5=[M+4H]4+;1482.5=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4446g/mol)。
除了使用6代替7a外,如上文对8a所述的那样合成8c。
产量:3.2mg
MS 8c:m/z 1116.2=[M+4H]4+;1487.8=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4460g/mol)。
实施例9
PEG40kDa-连接体-Exendin轭合物9a、9b和9c的合成
9a:R1=H,R2=H
9b:R1=H,R2=CH3
9c:R1=CH3,R2=CH3
9a的合成:
将8a(3.6mg)溶解在300μl 2/1水/乙腈中,加入50mg PEG40kDa-马来酰亚胺。加入100μl 0.25M磷酸钠缓冲液(pH 7),5min后用50μl乙酸酸化溶液。
使用10mM柠檬酸钠(pH 3)作为溶剂A,10mM柠檬酸钠(pH 3)和1MNaCl作为溶剂B,并使用不连续梯度(0-40%B)经离子交换色谱法纯化9a。将含有9a的流份脱盐并冻干:
产量:14mg
除了使用8b外,如上所述那样合成9b。
产量:15mg
除了使用8c外,如上所述那样合成9c。
产量:13mg
实施例10
脂肪酸-连接体-Exendin轭合物10的合成
将8c(1mg)溶解在100μl 1/1乙腈/水中,加入1(1mg)的100μl 3/1乙腈/水溶液。加入100μl 0.25M磷酸钠缓冲液,将反应物搅拌5min,之后用RP-HPLC纯化10。
产量:1.3mg
MS 10:m/z 1385.9=[M+4H]4+;1846.3=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=5528.3g/mol)。
实施例11
NHS-活化的连接体试剂11的合成
将7b(20mg,40μmol)、N,N′-二环己基碳二亚胺(10mg,48μmol)和NHS(8mg,70μmol)溶解在300μl无水DCM中,在室温下搅拌1h。在氮气流下除去溶剂,用RP-HPLC纯化11,并冻干。
产量:22mg(36μmol)
MS:m/z 631.5=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=608.7g/mol)。
实施例12
连接体-Exendin(荧光素)轭合物(12a)和连接体-GRF(1-29)(荧光素)轭合物(12b)的合成
12a:R=Exendin(εK27-荧光素)
12b:R=GRF(1-29)(εK21-荧光素)
将6(60mg,130μmol HCl盐)、HOBt(20mg,130μmol)、DIEA(40μl,230μmol)和DIC(20μl,126μmol)溶解在700μl DMF中,立即加入到在树脂上的侧链保护的Exendin-4(120mg,12μmol)中,并在室温下孵育1h。将树脂用DMF洗涤10次,然后用1ml 1/1/2(v/v/v)乙酸酐/吡啶/DMF孵育5min。将树脂用DMF洗涤10次,除去fmoc基团。根据标准偶联方法偶联三苯甲基-巯基丙酸,将树脂用DMF洗涤5次,用DCM洗涤10次。通过将树脂在2ml 9/1(v/v)DCM/HFIP中孵育5min(孵育5次)来除去Lys27上的Mmt保护基团。将树脂用DCM洗涤5次,用DMF洗涤5次,将5,6-羧基-荧光素-NHS酯(20mg,42μmol)和DIEA(20μl,115μl)的300μl DMF溶液加入到树脂中,孵育30min。将12a从树脂上裂解下来,用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:12mg
MS 12a:m/z 1205.9=[M+4H]4+;1607.0=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4818.3g/mol)。
除了使用树脂上的GRF(1-29)(120mg,12μmol)外,如对12a所述那样合成12b。
产量:11mg
MS 12b:m/z 998.6=[M+4H]4+;1330.5=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3989.6g/mol)。
巯丙酰-Exendin(荧光素)(12c)和巯丙酰-GRF(1-29)(荧光素)(12d)的合成
12c:R=Exendin(εK27-荧光素)
12d:R=GRF(1-29)(εK21-荧光素)
根据标准偶联方法将三苯甲基-巯基丙酸偶联到树脂上的侧链保护的Exendin-4(120mg,12μmol)。如对12a所述那样进行Lys27的Mmt保护基团脱除和5,6-羧基-荧光素-NHS酯偶联。将12c从树脂上裂解下来,用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:13mg
MS 12c:m/z 1545.6=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4633g/mol)。
除了使用在树脂上的GRF(1-29)(120mg,12μmol)外,如对12c所述那样合成12d。
产量:11mg
MS 12d:m/z 1269.1=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3804.3g/mol)。
实施例13
可逆的(reversible)PEG40kDa-连接体-Exendin(荧光素)轭合物(13a)
和可逆的PEG40kDa-连接体-GRF(1-29)(荧光素)轭合物(13b)的合成
13a:R=Exendin(εK27-荧光素)
13b:R=GRF(1-29)(εK21-荧光素)
将12a(12mg)溶解在500μl 1/1乙腈/水中,加入120mg PEG40kDa-马来酰亚胺的1ml 1/1乙腈/水溶液。加入300μl 0.25M磷酸钠缓冲液(pH7.0),10min后用300μl乙酸酸化溶液。用阳离子交换色谱法纯化13a,脱盐,然后冻干。
产量:51mg
除了使用12b代替12a外,如对13a所述那样合成13b。
产量:46mg
永久的PEG40kDa-Exendin(荧光素)轭合物(13c)和永久的PEG40kDa-GRF(1-29)(荧光素)轭合物(13d)的合成
13c:R=Exendin(εK27-荧光素)
13d:R=GRF(1-29)(εK21-荧光素)
除了使用12c代替12a外,如对13a所述那样合成13c。
产量:55mg
除了使用12d代替12a外,如对13a所述那样合成13d。
产量:45mg
实施例14
连接体-GRF(1-29)轭合物14的合成
除了使用在树脂上的侧链保护的GRF(1-29)外,如对8c所述那样合成14。
产量:10mg
MS 14:m/z 908.2=[M+4H]4+;1211.2=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3631.3g/mol)。
实施例15
PEG40kDa-连接体-GRF(1-29)轭合物(15)的合成
除了使用14且在阳离子交换色谱法中使用10mM柠檬酸钠(pH 4)作为溶剂A及10mM柠檬酸钠(pH 4)和1M氯化钠作为溶剂B外,如对9c所述那样合成15。
产量:11mg
实施例16
连接体中间体16的合成
将N,N-二甲基乙二胺(198μL,1.8mmol)和NaCNBH3(58mg,0.9mmol)溶解在甲醇(5mL)中,通过加入AcOH(250μL)调到pH 5.5。加入2,4,6,-三甲氧基苯甲醛(294mg,1.5mmol)的EtOH(5mL)混悬液,在室温下将反应物搅拌1h。加入5N HCl(0.5mL),将混合物再搅拌12h。在减压下除去溶剂;将残留物溶解在饱和的NaHCO3溶液中,用DCM萃取3次。将合并的有机相经NaSO4干燥,在减压下蒸发溶剂。
产量:303mg(1.13mmol)
MS:m/z 269.3=[M+H]+(计算的MW=268.4g/mol)
实施例17
连接体17a和17b的合成
17a的合成:
将Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH(322mg,0.78mmol)、Tmob-保护的二胺16(150mg,0.56mmol)、HATU(255mg,0.67mmol)和DIEA(290μL,1.68mmol)溶解在DMF(1.5mL)中。将混合物搅拌30min,用AcOH酸化,再经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:463mg(5.97mmol,TFA盐,约90%纯度)
MS Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-N(TMOB)CH2CH2N(CH3)2:m/z 662.5=[M+H]+(计算的MW=661.8g/mol)
将Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-N(Tmob)CH2CH2N(CH3)2(225mg,0.29mmol)溶解在哌啶(50μL)和DBU(15μL)的DMF(1.5mL)溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌1.5h。加入AcOH,将H-Asp(OtBu)-N(TMOB)CH2CH2N(CH3)2用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:114mg(0.21mmol,TFA盐)
MS H-Asp(OtBu)-N(Tmob)CH2CH2N(CH3)2:m/z 462.4=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=439.6g/mol)
将H-Asp(OtBu)-N(Tmob)CH2CH2N(CH3)2(114mg,0.21mmol)的TFA盐溶解在饱和的NaHCO3(10mL)中,用DCM萃取3次(3×10mL)。将合并有机层经NaSO4干燥,在减压下除去溶剂。将残渣溶解在DMF(1.0mL)中,加入6-三苯甲基巯基己酸(121mg,0.31mmol)、HATU(118mg,0.31mmol)和DIEA(108μL,0.62mmol)。将混合物搅拌30min。加入AcOH(200μL),将TrtS(CH2)5CONH-Asp(OtBu)-N(Tmob)CH2CH2N-(CH3)2用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:95mg(0.10mmol,TFA盐)
MS TrtS(CH2)5CONH-Asp(OtBu)-N(Tmob)CH2CH2N(CH3)2:m/z812.64=[M+H]+(计算的MW=812.1g/mol)
将TrtS(CH2)5CONH-Asp(OtBu)-N(Tmob)CH2CH2N(CH3)2(95mg,0.10mmol)溶解在3∶1MeOH/H2O混合物(1.0mL)中,加入LiOH(7.4mg,0.31mmol),将混合物在60℃下搅拌5h。加入AcOH(100μL),将17a用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:64mg(0.07mmol,TFA盐)
MS 17a:m/z 756.5=[M+H]+(计算的MW=756.0g/mol)
除了在第一步中使用Fmoc-NMe-Asp(OtBu)-OHFmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH外,如上所述那样合成17b。
产量17b:16mg(18μmol,TFA盐)
MS 17b:m/z 770.5=[M+H]+(计算的MW=770.0g/mol)
实施例18
连接体-BNP轭合物18a和18b的合成
18a的合成:
将17a(8.0mg,0.01mmol)、PyBOP(5.2mg,10μmol)和DIEA(7μL,40μmol)溶解在DMF(400μL)中,立即加入到树脂连接的、侧链保护的BNP-32a(50mg,5μmol)中。在室温下孵育2h后,将树脂用DMF洗涤10次,用DCM洗涤10次,然后在真空中干燥。将产物从树脂上裂解下来,经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:10.6mg
MS 18a:m/z 930.4=[M+4H]4+;1240.1=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3717.2g/mol)
除了使用17b代替17a外,如上文所述那样合成18b。
产量:4.7mg
MS 18b:m/z 933.9=[M+4H]4+;1244.7=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3731.0g/mol)
实施例19
PEG40kDa-连接体-BNP轭合物19a和19b的合成
将18a(5.2mg)溶解在含有0.1%TFA的1∶1H2O/乙腈(200μL)中。加入PEG40kDa-马来酰亚胺(70mg)的1∶1H2O/乙腈(1.5mL)和磷酸盐缓冲液(30μL,pH 7.4,0.5M)溶液。将溶液在室温下孵育,5min后加入AcOH(30μL)。将19a用阳离子交换色谱法纯化,脱盐并冻干。
产量:19.2mg
除了使用18b代替18a外,如对19a所述那样合成19b。
实施例20
连接体20的合成
将Fmoc-Asp(OH)OtBu(100mg,0.24mmol)、H2N-(CH2)2-N(CH3)-boc(36μL,0.20mmol)、HATU(92mg,0.24mmol)和DIEA(105μL,0.60mmol)溶解在1mL DMF中。将混合物在室温下搅拌1h,用AcOH(100μL)酸化,经HPLC纯化。
产量:91mg(0.13mmol)
MS Fmoc-Asp(NH(CH2)2N(CH3)-boc)OtBu:590.3=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=567.7g/mol)
将Fmoc-Asp(NH(CH2)2N(CH3)-boc)OtBu(91mg,0.13mmol)溶解在DMF(1.0mL)中,加入哌啶(50μL)和DBU(15μL),将混合物在室温下搅拌45min。加入AcOH(100μL),将NH2-Asp(NH(CH2)2N(CH3)-boc)OtBu经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:39mg(0.09mmol,TFA盐)
MS NH2-Asp(NH(CH2)2N(CH3)-boc)OtBu:m/z 368.1=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=345.4g/mol)
将NH2-Asp(NH(CH2)2N(CH3)-boc)OtBu(36mg,0.09mmol)溶解在DMF(0.5mL)中,加入6-三苯甲基巯基己酸(55mg,0.14mmol)、HATU(53mg,0.14mmol)和DIEA(49μL,0.28mmol)。将混合物搅拌45min。加入AcOH(100μL),将TrtS(CH2)5CONH-Asp(NH(CH2)2N(CH3)-boc)OtBu经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:41mg(0.06mmol)
MS TrtS(CH2)5CONH-Asp(NH(CH2)2N(CH3)-boc)OtBu:m/z 740.6=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=718.0g/mol)
将TrtS(CH2)5CONH-Asp(NH(CH2)2N(CH3)-boc)OtBu(41mg,0.06mmol)溶解在1∶1二氧六环/H2O(1.0mL)中,加入LiOH(4.1mg,0.17mmol),将混合物在60℃下搅拌1h。加入AcOH(50μL),用RP-HPLC纯化20。
产量:31mg(0.05mmol)
MS 20:m/z 684.5=[M+Na]+(计算的MW=661.9g/mol)
实施例21
连接体-Exendin轭合物21的合成
首先将在Lys27上具有Mmt保护基团的树脂连接的、侧链保护的Exendin(50mg,5μmol)在N-端进行boc-保护(参见材料和方法),然后用2mL 9/1(v/v)DCM/HFIP孵育5次(5min)以从Lys27上除去Mmt保护基团。将20(6.6mg,10μmol)、PyBOP(5.2mg,10μmol)和DIEA(7μL,40μmol)溶解在DMF(400μL)中,立即加入到树脂中。在室温下孵育3h,用10×DMF、10×DCM洗涤树脂,并在真空中干燥。将产物从树脂上裂解下来,并经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:2.4mg
MS 21:m/z 1497.2=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4488.0g/mol)
实施例22
脂肪酸-连接体-Exendin轭合物22的合成
将21(2.6mg)溶解在200μl 1/1乙腈/水中,加入在400μl 7/3乙腈/水中的1(0.8mg)。加入100μl 0.25M磷酸钠缓冲液,将反应物搅拌5min之后,将22用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:2.4mg
MS 22:m/z 1388.3=[M+4H]4+;1857.1=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=5566.4g/mol)。
实施例23
前体23的合成
将6-三苯甲基巯基己酸(200mg,0.51mmol)、(PfpO)2CO(202mg,0.51mmol)和可力丁(340μL,2.65mmol)溶解在DMSO(1mL)中,在室温下搅拌30min。将混合物加入到Fmoc-Lys-OH(170mg,0.46mmol)的H2O/吡啶/tBuOH(3∶3∶1,6mL)溶液中。在60℃下将反应物加热2h,用EtOAc稀释,用0.1M H2SO4萃取2次,用盐水萃取2次,经Na2SO4干燥。在减压下蒸发溶剂,残留物用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:109mg
MS 23:m/z 741.3[M+H]+(计算的MW=741.0g/mol)
实施例24
连接体24a-24c的合成
24a:R1=H,R2=boc
24b:R1=Me,R2=boc
24c:R1=R2=Me
将23(186mg,0.25mmol)和DIEA(160μL,0.92mmol)溶解在DCM(2mL)中,加入到2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂(312mg,1.3mmol/g)中,并在室温下搅动45min。加入MeOH(0.6mL),将树脂再孵育15min。将树脂用DCM(10×)和DMF(10×)洗涤。根据一般方法(参见材料和方法)通过与N-boc-乙二胺(57μL,0.34mmol)反应完成Fmoc-脱保护和脲形成,将产物从树脂上裂解下来,并经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:14mg
MS 24a:m/z 705.4[M+H]+,727.3[M+Na]+(计算的MW=704.9g/mol)
除了使用N-boc-N-甲基乙二胺代替N-boc-乙二胺外,如对24a所述那样合成24b。
产量:21mg
MS 24b:m/z 719.3[M+H]+,741.4[M+Na]+(计算的MW=719.0g/mol)
除了使用N,N-二甲基乙二胺代替N-boc-乙二胺外,如对24a所述那样合成24c。
产量:10mg
MS 24c:m/z 633.2[M+H]+(计算的MW=632.9g/mol)
实施例25
Exendin-连接体轭合物25a-25c的合成
将24a(7.0mg,0.01mmol)、PyBOP(5.2mg,10μmol)和DIEA(7μL,40μmol)溶解在DMF(250μL)中,立即加入到树脂连接的、侧链保护的Exendin(50mg,5μmol)中,并在室温下孵育2h。用DMF(10×)、DCM(10×)洗涤树脂,并在真空中干燥。将产物从树脂上裂解下来,并经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:1.6mg
MS 25a:m/z 1511.8=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4530.8g/mol)
除了使用24b代替24a外,如对25a所述那样合成25b。
产量:4.3mg
MS 25b:m/z 1516.3=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4544.8g/mol)
除了使用24c代替24a外,如对25a所述那样合成25c。
产量:1.3mg
MS 25c:m/z 1520.4=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4558.8g/mol)
实施例26
脂肪酸-连接体轭合物26a-26c的合成
将25a(1.6mg)溶解在200μl 1/1乙腈/水中,并加入在200μl 7/3乙腈/水中的1(0.11mg)。加入30μl 0.25M磷酸钠缓冲液,将反应物搅拌5min,然后用RP-HPLC纯化26a。
MS 26a:m/z 1870.0=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=5609.2g/mol)。
除了使用25b代替25a外,如对26a所述那样合成26b。
MS 26b:m/z 1875.9=[M+3H]3+,1406.7=[M+4H]4+(计算的MW=5623.2g/mol)
除了使用25c代替25a外,如对26a所述那样合成26c。
MS 26c:m/z 1879.4=[M+3H]3+,1410.5=[M+4H]4+(计算的MW=5637.2g/mol)
实施例27
20KDa-PEG-连接体-Exendin轭合物27a-27c的合成
将25a(2.0mg)溶解在含有0.1%TFA的1∶1 H2O/MeCN(200μl)中。加入PEG40KDa-马来酰亚胺(18mg)的1∶1 H2O/MeCN(1ml)和磷酸盐缓冲液(15μl,pH 7.4,0.5M)溶液。在室温下孵育溶液,5min后加入AcOH(20μl),将27a经阳离子交换色谱法纯化,脱盐并冻干。
除了使用25b代替25a外,如对27a所述那样合成27b。
除了使用25c代替25a外,如对27a所述那样合成27c。
实施例28
连接体28的合成:
将6-溴己酰氯(46μl,0.31mmol)溶解在0.2ml CH2Cl2中,加至H2N-CH2-CH2-STrt(100mg,0.28mmol)、DIEA(97μl,0.56mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.8ml)溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌2h。用AcOH(50μl)酸化反应混合物,在真空中除去溶剂。将残留物经硅胶(庚烷/EtOAc=1∶1)纯化,得到Br-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:137mg(0.276mmol,98%)
MS Br-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:518.9=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=496.5g/mol)
将N-Boc-乙二胺(81μl,0.51mmol)加入到Br-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(230mg,0.46mmol)和Na2CO3(196mg,1.85mmol)的DMF(0.8ml)溶液中。在70℃下将反应混合物搅拌10h。冷却至室温后,用4ml(MeCN/H2O=25∶75,含0.1%TFA)稀释混合物,经RP-HPLC纯化,得到Boc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:189mg(0.27mmol,59%,TFA-盐)
MS Boc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:576.5=[M+H]+,(计算的MW=575.5g/mol)
将Boc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(189mg,0.27mmol)和HCHO(35%水溶液,113μl)溶解在MeCN(1.5ml)中,加入NaCNBH3(34mg,0.54mmol)。在室温下将反应混合物搅拌5h。完成反应后(MS),用H2O(5ml)稀释溶液,用CH2Cl2(3×5ml)萃取。将合并有机层经MgSO4干燥,过滤,并在真空中除去溶剂。残留物经RP-HPLC纯化得到Boc-NH-(CH2)2-N(CH3)-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:62.8mg(0.11mmol,39%)
MS Boc-NH-(CH2)2-N(CH3)-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:590.6=[M+H]+,(计算的MW=589.0g/mol)
将Boc-NH-(CH2)2-N(CH3)-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(62.8mg,0.11mmol)溶解在THF(6ml)中,加入HCl的二氧六环溶液(130μl,4M溶液)。在室温下将反应混合物搅拌12h。加入200μl HCl的二氧六环溶液,在真空中除去溶剂。将残留物用RP-HPLC纯化,得到H2N-(CH2)2-N(CH3)-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt,和未消耗的起始原料Boc-NH-(CH2)2-N(CH3)-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:32.8mg(0.062mmol,44%,HCl-盐)28和14.7mg(0.025mmol,23%,TFA-盐)起始原料
MS 28:490.5=[M+H]+,(计算的MW=489.0g/mol)
实施例29
用于合成羧酸取代的BNP前体29a和29b的一般方法
将顺-环己烷-1,2-二甲酸酐(231mg,1.5mmol)和吡啶(271μl,2mmol)溶解在DCM(2ml)中,加入到树脂连接的、侧链保护的BNP-32a(300mg)中。在室温下孵育1h,用DCM洗涤10次,在真空中干燥。
将在Lys14上携带ivDde保护基团的树脂连接的、侧链保护的BNP-32b首先在N-端进行boc-保护,在Lys14位置脱保护(参见材料和方法),然后如上文对29a所述那样与顺-环己烷-1,2-二甲酸酐反应。
实施例30
BNP-连接体-硫醇30a和30b的合成
将H2N-(CH2)2-N(CH3)-(CH2)5-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt 28(5.2mg,0.01mmol)、PyBOP(5.2mg,0.01mmol)和DIEA(7.0μl,0.04mmol)溶解在DMF(300μl)中,并加入到树脂连接的、侧链保护的BNP 29a(50mg,0.005mmol)中。在室温下孵育2h,用DMF(10×)、DCM(10×)洗涤树脂,并在真空中干燥。将产物从树脂上裂解下来,并经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:9.8mg
MS 30a:m/z 947.6=[M+4H]4+,1263.1=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3786.3g/mol)
除了使用树脂连接的BNP衍生物29b代替29a外,如上所述那样合成30b。
产量:7.4mg
MS 30b:m/z 947.5=[M+4H]4+,1263.0=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3786.3g/mol)
实施例31
40KDa-PEG-连接体-BNP轭合物31a和31b的合成
将30a(4mg)溶解在含有0.1%TFA 1∶1 H2O/MeCN(200μl)中。加入PEG40KDa-马来酰亚胺(42.2mg)的1∶1 H2O/MeCN(1ml)和磷酸盐缓冲液(15μl,pH 7.4,0.5M)溶液。在室温下孵育溶液,5min后加入AcOH(20μl),并将31a经阳离子交换色谱法纯化、脱盐和冻干。
产量:2.0mg
除了使用30b代替30a外,如对31a所述那样合成31b。
产量:16.8mg
实施例32
连接体32的合成
将3-溴丙酰氯(62.5μl,0.62mmol)溶解在0.5ml CH2Cl2中,并加入到H2N-CH2-CH2-STrt(200mg,0.56mmol)、DIEA(196μl,1.1mmol)的CH2Cl2(1ml)溶液中。在室温下搅拌混合物1h。用AcOH(100μl)酸化反应混合物,在真空中除去溶剂。将残留物经硅胶(庚烷/EtOAc=1∶1)纯化,得到Br-(CH2)2CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:223mg(0.49mmol,87%)
MS Br-(CH2)2CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:478.7=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=454.7g/mol)
将N-Alloc-乙二胺HCl-盐(43.5mg,0.24mmol)和DIEA(38μl,0.22mmol)加入到Br-(CH2)2CONH-(CH2)-STrt(100mg,0.22mmol)和Na2CO3(93mg,0.87mmol)的DMF(1ml)溶液中。将反应混合物在70℃下搅拌10h。冷却至室温后,用4ml(MeCN/H2O=25∶75,含0.1%TFA)稀释反应混合物,经HPLC纯化后得到Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:61mg(0.096mmol,44%,TFA盐)
MS Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:540.8=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=517.8.g/mol)
将Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(60.9mg,0.096mmol)溶解在CH2Cl2中,加入Boc2O(42mg,0.19mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌20h。完成后,通过加入70μl AcOH淬灭反应,在真空中除去溶剂。用4ml MeCN/H2O(25∶75,含0.1%TFA)稀释残留物,并用RP-HPLC纯化,得到Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-N(Boc)-(CH2)2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:53.3mg(0.086mmol,89%)
MS Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-N(Boc)-(CH2)2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:640.6=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=617.9.g/mol)
将Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-N(Boc)-(CH2)2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(48.3mg,0.078mmol)溶解在THF中,加入甲酸三乙胺盐(triethylammoniumformat)(62μl)和Pd(PPh3)4(16mg)。在室温下搅拌溶液12h,经MS监测。完成后在真空中除去溶剂。将残留物溶解在MeCN/H2O(50∶50,含0.1%TFA)中,经RP-HPLC纯化得到H2N-(CH2)2-N(Boc)-(CH2)2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(31)。
产量:20.1mg(0.031mmol,40%,TFA-盐)
MS 31:534.6=[M+H]+,556.6=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=533.5g/mol)
实施例33
BNP-连接体-硫醇33a和33b的合成
除了使用32代替28外,如对30a所述那样合成33a。
产量:8.0mg
MS 33a:m/z 933.5=[M+4H]4+,1244.3=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3729.9g/mol)
除了使用32代替28外,如对30b所述那样合成33b。
产量:5.0mg
MS 33b:m/z 933.5=[M+4H]4+,1244.3=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3715.9g/mol)
实施例34
40KDa-PEG-连接体-BNP轭合物34a和34b的合成
将33a(4.3mg)溶解在含有0.1%TFA的1∶1 H2O/MeCN(200μl)中。加入PEG40KDa-马来酰亚胺(46.8mg)的1∶1 H2O/MeCN(1ml)和磷酸盐缓冲液(20μl,pH 7.4,0.5M)溶液。在室温下孵育溶液,5min后,加入AcOH(20μl),将34a用阳离子交换色谱法纯化、脱盐并冻干。
产量:9.7mg
除了使用33b代替33a外,如对34a所述那样合成34b。
产量:11.5mg
实施例35
连接体35的合成
将溴乙酰溴(54μl,0.62mmol)溶解在0.5ml CH2Cl2中,加入到含有H2N-CH2-CH2-STrt(200mg,0.56mmol)和DIEA(196μl,1.1mmol)的CH2Cl2(1ml)溶液中。在室温下搅拌混合物1h。用AcOH(100μl)酸化反应混合物,在真空下除去溶剂。将残留物经硅胶(庚烷/EtOAc=1∶1)纯化得到产物Br-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:245mg(0.55mmol,99%)
MS Br-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:462.4=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=440.4g/mol)
将N-Alloc-乙二胺HCl-盐(45mg,0.25mmol)和DIEA(79μl,0.45mmol)加入到Br-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(100mg,0.23mmol)的DMF(1ml)溶液中。在70℃下将反应混合物搅拌10h。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用H2O/Et2O(1∶1,40ml)稀释,分离各层。将水层用Et2O萃取数次。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤,在真空中除去溶剂。将残留物经硅胶(DCM/MeOH=95∶5)纯化得到Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:94mg(0.186mmol,82%,含有残留的DMF)
MS Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:526.8=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=503.8.g/mol)
将Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-NH-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(94mg,0.186mmol,含DMF))溶解在CH2Cl2中,加入Boc2O(81mg,0.37mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌20h。完成后,通过加入100μl AcOH淬灭反应,在真空中除去溶剂。将残留物用4ml MeCN/H2O(25∶75,含0.1%TFA)稀释,并用RP-HPLC纯化,得到Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-N(Boc)-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt。
产量:34.7mg(0.057mmol,26%)
MS Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-N(Boc)-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt:603.9=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=603.9.g/mol)
将Alloc-NH-(CH2)2-N(Boc)-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt(34.7mg,0.048mmol)溶解在THF中,加入甲酸三乙胺盐(38μl)和Pd(PPh3)4(5mg),将溶液在室温下搅拌12h,并通过MS监测。完成后在真空中除去溶剂。将残留物溶解在MeCN/H2O(50∶50,含0.1%TFA)中,经RP-HPLC纯化,得到H2N-(CH2)2-N(Boc)-CH2-CONH-(CH2)2-STrt 35。
产量:12.6mg(0.019mmol,42%,TFA-盐)
MS 35:520.1=[M+H]+,542.2=[M+Na]+,(计算的MW=519.2g/mol)
实施例36
BNP-连接体-硫醇36a和36b的合成
除了使用35代替28外,如对30a所述那样合成36a。
产量:9.1mg
MS 36a:m/z 930.0=[M+4H]4+,1239.6=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3715.9g/mol)
除了使用35代替28外,如对30b所述那样合成36b。
产量:8.0mg
MS 36b:m/z 929.9=[M+4H]4+,1239.5=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=3715.9g/mol)
实施例37
40KDa-PEG-连接体-BNP轭合物37a和37b的合成
将36a(4.2mg)溶解在含有0.1%TFA的1∶1 H2O/MeCN(200μl)中。加入PEG40KDa-马来酰亚胺(68mg)的在1∶1 H2O/MeCN(1ml)和磷酸盐缓冲液(20μl,pH 7.4,0.5M)中的溶液。在室温下孵育该溶液,5min后加入AcOH(20μl),将37a用离子交换色谱法纯化,脱盐并冻干。
产量:16mg
除了使用36b代替36a外,如对37a所述那样合成37b。
产量:18.5mg
实施例38
连接体-Exendin轭合物的合成
根据一般合成方法A、B、C、D、E或F合成连接体-Exendin轭合物。
方法A
合成:将二酸酐(0.2mmol)和吡啶(0.2mmol)溶解在0.3ml无水DMF中。将混合物加至在树脂上的侧链保护的Exendin-4(2μmol)中,并在室温下搅动30min。用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。将PyBOP(0.1mmol)和二胺(0.1mmol)溶解在0.3ml无水DMF中。将混合物加至树脂中,在室温下搅动30min。将树脂用DMF洗涤(10次)。
如“材料和方法”中所述,将Exendin-连接体轭合物裂解,并用RP-HPLC纯化。
方法B
合成:如对方法A所述那样进行合成,除了将二酸酐和吡啶替换为二酸(0.2mmol)、HOBt(0.2mmol)、DIC(0.2mmol)和可力丁(0.4mmol)。
方法C
合成:将二胺(0.6mmol)溶解在1ml无水DCM中,加入二酸酐(0.4mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌60min。除去DCM,将残留物溶解在ACN/水/AcOH中,将氨基酸用RP-HPLC纯化,并冻干。
将氨基酸(0.1mmol)、HOBt(0.1mmol)、DIC(0.1mmol)和可力丁(0.2mmol)溶解在0.3ml无水DMF中。将混合物加入到树脂上的Exendin-4(2μmol)中,并在室温下搅动30min。用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。
如“材料和方法”中所述,将Exendin-连接体轭合物裂解,并用RP-HPLC纯化。
方法D
合成:将二酸酐(0.2mmol)和吡啶(0.2mmol)溶解在0.3ml无水DMF中。将混合物加入到树脂上的Exendin-4(2μmol)中,并在室温下搅动30min。将树脂用DMF洗涤10次。将PyBOP(0.1mmol)、HOBt(0.1mmol)和可力丁(0.4mmol)溶解在0.3ml无水DMF中。将混合物加至树脂中,并在室温下搅动30min。将树脂用DMF洗涤10次。将二胺(0.1mmol)和DIEA(0.3mmol)溶解在0.4ml DMF和0.4ml EtOH的混合物中。将混合物加入到树脂中,并在室温下搅动30min。将树脂用DMF洗涤10次。
如“材料和方法”中所述,将Exendin-连接体轭合物裂解,并用RP-HPLC纯化。
方法E
合成:将Fmoc氨基酸(0.1mmol)、PyBOP(0.1mmol)和DIEA(0.2mmol)溶解在0.3ml无水DMF中。将混合物加入到在树脂上的Exendin-4(2μmol)中,并在室温下搅动30min。通过在DMF/哌啶4/1(v/v)中孵育树脂2×10min除去Fmoc保护基团。用DMF(10次)和DCM(10次)洗涤树脂。将氯甲酸对硝基苯基酯(0.1mmol)溶解在0.3ml无水THF和DIEA(0.2mmol)中。将混合物加入到树脂中,并在室温下搅动30min。用DCM洗涤树脂(10次)。将二胺(0.1mmol)溶解在0.3ml DMF中。将混合物加入到树脂中,并在室温下搅动30min。用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。
如“材料和方法”中所述,将Exendin-连接体轭合物裂解,并用RP-HPLC纯化。
方法F
合成:如对方法A所述那样进行,随后进行fmoc-脱保护和乙酰化:通过在DMF/哌啶4/1(v/v)中孵育树脂2×10min,除去Fmoc保护基团。用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。通过用乙酸酐/吡啶/DMF 1/1/2(v/v/v)孵育树脂30min进行乙酰化。用DMF洗涤树脂(10次)。
如“材料和方法”中所述,将Exendin-连接体轭合物裂解,并用RP-HPLC纯化。
关于化合物编号、起始原料、合成方法、分子量(MW)和MS数据的进一步详细内容在图2中给出。
实施例39
水凝胶-连接体-Exendin轭合物39的合成
按照EP 1625856A1中所述的方法合成马来酰亚胺-功能化的水凝胶微粒。
使30mg马来酰亚胺-衍生的水凝胶微粒(载量40μmol/g,1.2μmol)与6mg化合物25a(1.32μmol,1.1当量)在600μl 20/80(v/v)乙腈/50mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.4)中反应10min,得到Exendin-连接体上载的水凝胶微粒39。将上载的水凝胶39用50/50(v/v)乙腈/水洗涤5次,并用水洗涤3次。
实施例40
连接体40的合成
将Fmoc-Ala-OH(250mg,0.8mmol)和DIEA(170μL,1,0mmol)溶解在DCM(2mL)中,加入到2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂(312mg,1.3mmol/g)中,并在室温下搅动45min。加入甲醇(0.6mL),将树脂再孵育15min。用DCM(10×)和DMF(10×)洗涤树脂。根据一般方法(参见材料和方法)通过与连接体中间体5a反应实现Fmoc-脱保护和脲形成,将产物从树脂上裂解下来,并用RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:53mg
MS 40:m/z 604,4[M+H]+(计算的MW=603,8g/mol)
实施例41
Exendin-连接体轭合物41的合成
将40(HCl盐,14.0mg,0.02mmol)、PyBOP(10.2mg,0.02mmol)和DIEA(17μL,0.1mmol)溶解在DMF(300μL)中,立即加入到树脂连接的侧链保护的Exendin(100mg,10μmol)中,并在室温下孵育4h。将树脂用DMF(10×)、DCM(10×)洗涤,在真空中干燥。将产物从树脂上裂解下来,并经RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:5.4mg
MS 40:m/z 1510.9=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4530.1g/mol)
实施例42
脂肪酸-连接体轭合物42的合成
将41(1.6mg)溶解在200μl 3/1乙腈/水中,加入在200μl 3/1乙腈/水中的1(0.11mg)。加入30μl 0.25M磷酸钠缓冲液,将反应物搅拌5min,之后将42用RP-HPLC纯化。
MS 42:m/z 1870.2=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=5608.4g/mol)。
实施例43
水凝胶-连接体-Exendin轭合物43的合成
除了使用41代替25a外,如对39所述那样合成43。
实施例44
连接体44的合成
除了使用28代替5a外,如对40所述那样合成44。
产量:74mg
MS 44:m/z 605,4[M+H]+(计算的MW=604,8g/mol)
实施例45
Exendin-连接体轭合物45的合成
除了使用44代替40外,如对41所述那样合成45。
产量:6.0mg
MS 45:m/z 1511.3=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4531.1g/mol)
实施例46
脂肪酸-连接体轭合物46的合成
除了使用45代替41外,如对42所述那样合成46。
MS 46:m/z 1870.5=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=5609,5g/mol).
实施例47
连接体中间体47的合成
将三苯甲基硫醚(Tritylsulfide)(247mg,0.89mmol)混悬在1ml DMSO中。加入DBU(152μl,1.02mmol)和6-溴己烷-1-醇(173mg,0.96),将混合物在室温下搅拌5min。将反应混合物溶解在20ml乙酸乙酯中,并用1N H2SO4(2×)和盐水(3×)洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层,并在真空中除去挥发物。将产物经硅胶快速色谱法(庚烷/AcOEt 1/1)纯化。
得到283mg(S-三苯甲基)-6-巯基己烷-1-醇
将(S-三苯甲基)-6-巯基己烷-1-醇(466mg,1.24mmol)溶解在3.5mlDCM、0.5ml DMSO和0.6ml NEt3中,并在冰浴中冷却。将SO3-吡啶(408mg,2.57mmol)混悬在0.5ml DMSO中,并加入到反应混合物中。除去冰浴,在室温下将反应物搅拌60min。将反应混合物溶解在20ml Et2O中,并用1N H2SO4(2×)和盐水(3×)萃取。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层,并在真空中除去挥发物。将产物经硅胶快速色谱法(庚烷/AcOEt 1/1)纯化。
产量:390mg(S-三苯甲基)-6-巯基己烷-1-醛47
MS 47:m/z 243,1=[Trt]+,413.1=[M+K]+(计算的MW=374.4g/mol)
实施例48
连接体48的合成
将Fmoc-Ala-OH(250mg,0.8mmol)和DIEA(170μL,1,0mmol)溶解在DCM(2mL)中,加入到2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂(312mg,1.3mmol/g)中,并在室温下搅动45min。加入甲醇(0.6mL),将树脂再孵育15min。用DCM(10×)和DMF(10×)洗涤树脂。根据一般方法(参见材料和方法)通过与乙二胺反应完成Fmoc-脱保护和脲形成。对于还原烷基化,将47(299mg,0.8mmol)和Na(OAc)3BH(340mg,1.6mmol)溶解在0,5mL DMF、0.5mlMeOH和10μL AcOH中,加入到树脂中,并在室温下搅动2h。用DMF(10×)和DCM(10×)洗涤树脂。通过在boc酸酐(218mg,1.0mmol)和DIEA(170μL,1.0mmol)的DCM溶液中搅动树脂进行Boc保护。用DCM洗涤树脂(10×),将产物从树脂上裂解下来,并通过RP-HPLC纯化。
产量:34mg
MS 48:m/z 634.2[M+H]+(计算的MW=633.9g/mol)
实施例49
Exendin-连接体轭合物49的合成
除了使用48代替40外,如对41所述那样合成49。
产量:4.8mg
MS 49:m/z 1487.3=[M+3H]3+(计算的MW=4460.0g/mol)
实施例50
水凝胶-连接体-Exendin轭合物50的合成
除了使用49代替25a外,如对39所述那样合成50。
实施例51
体外释放动力学
来自38a-38z、38aa-38ab、4、5、9a、9b、9c、10、13a、15、19a、19b、22、26a-26c、31a、31b、34a、34b、37a、37b、42、43、46和50的药物分子释放如“材料和方法”中所述那样通过在缓冲液中在pH 7.4和37℃下或在pH 4和37℃下水解来进行。
化合物 t1/2缓冲液A t1/2缓冲液B
(pH 7.4) (pH 4.0)
38a <1h 13h
38b 20h 72d
38c >3m >3m
38d 58d n.d.
38e 41d n.d.
38f 23h 114d
38g 19d 无(none)
38h 47d 无
38i 69h 108d
38j 16d n.d.
38k 40min 6d
38l 16h n.d.
38m 17h 66d
38n 18d n.d.
38o 11-12h 22d
38p 26d 178d
38q 26d 210d
38r 26h 47d
38s 80min 80h
38t 96min 67h
38u 51d 无
38v 47d 无
38w 8d 3,2a
38x 72d n.d.
38y 11-14h 105d
38z 11d 1,6a
38aa 40h 65d
38ab 20h 20d
38ac 14h n.d.
38ad 18h n.d.
4 15d n.d.
5 22h n.d.
9a 340h n.d
9b 360h n.d
9c 120h n.d
10 130h n.d
13a 120h n.d
13b 160h n.d.
15 160h n.d
19a 31h n.d.
19b 18h n.d.
22 40d n.d.
26a 34d n.d.
26b 40d n.d.
26c 18d n.d.
31a 22h n.d.
31b 95h n.d.
34a 42h n.d.
34b 205h n.d.
37a 138h n.d.
37b 639h n.d.
42 10d n.d.
43 17d n.d.
46 13d n.d.
50 35d n.d.
实施例52
体内释放动力学-体外/体内相关性
体内释放动力学通过静脉注射至大鼠后比较13a和13c的药代动力学以及比较13b和13d的药代动力学来测定。在Heidelberg Pharma AG,Heidelberg,德国进行动物研究。
将13a(27mg)溶解在3.5ml PBS中,将500μl所得的溶液分别静脉注射到六只大鼠中。使用体重大约为270g的SD雄性大鼠。在t=0、2h、24h、32h、48h、72h、96h、120h和168h时采集血样,制备血浆,使用Perkin-Elmer LS 50B光谱仪对血浆进行荧光素荧光分析。
如对13a所述那样测定13c的药代动力学。除了分别使用20mg 13b和13d的2.5ml PBS溶液和4只大鼠外,如对13a所述那样测定13b和13d的药代动力学。
在各个时间点,根据13a的荧光与13c的荧光的比率和13b的荧光与13d的荧光的比率分别来计算连接体的水解半衰期。
对于13a和13b,体内连接体水解的半衰期经测定分别为115h和160h,对于13a和13b,体外连接体水解的半衰期分别为120h和160h,二者具有良好的相关性。
图3表示13b的体内和体外连接体裂解数据,其中体内(三角形)和体外(菱形)裂解动力学通过半对数表示法显示。
缩略语:
Acp 4-(2-氨基乙基)-1-羧基甲基-哌嗪
AcOH 乙酸
Boc 叔丁氧基羰基
Dab 2,4-二氨基丁酸
DBU 1,3-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳烯
DCM 二氯甲烷
Dda 十二烷酸
DIC 二异丙基碳二亚胺
DIEA 二异丙基乙胺
DMAP 二甲基氨基-吡啶
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO 二甲亚砜
EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸
eq 化学计算当量
Fmoc 9-芴甲氧羰基
HATU O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲六氟
磷酸盐
HFIP 六氟异丙醇
HEPES N-(2-羟基乙基)哌嗪-N′-(2-乙磺酸)
HOBt N-羟基苯并三唑
ivDde 1-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-二氧代-环己亚基)-3-甲基丁基
LCMS 质谱-液相色谱联用
Mal 3-马来酰亚氨基丙酰基
Mmt 4-甲氧基三苯甲基
MS 质谱
MW 分子量
n.d. 未测定
PfpOH 五氟苯酚
RP-HPLC 反相高效液相色谱法
RT 室温
SEC 分子排阻色谱
Suc 琥珀酰亚氨基丙酰基
TCP 2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂
TES 三乙基硅烷
TMOB 2,4,6-三甲氧基苄基
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
UV 紫外的
VIS 可见的
Claims (36)
1.包含药物连接体轭合物D-L的前药或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
-D为含氮的生物学活性部分;且
-L为式(I)所表示的非生物学活性连接体部分-L1,
其中虚线指明通过形成酰胺键与生物学活性部分上的氮的连接;
X为C(R4R4a)、N(R4)、O、C(R4R4a)-C(R5R5a)、C(R5R5a)-C(R4R4a)、C(R4R4a)-N(R6)、N(R6)-C(R4R4a)、C(R4R4a)-O或O-C(R4R4a);
X1为C或S(O);
X2为C(R7,R7a)或C(R7,R7a)-C(R8,R8a);
X3为O、S或N-CN;
R1、R1a、R2、R2a、R3、R3a、R4、R4a、R5、R5a、R6、R7、R7a、R8、R8a独立地选自氢和C1-4烷基;
任选地,一个或多个R1a/R4a、R1a/R5a、R4a/R5a、R7a/R8a对形成化学键;
任选地,一个或多个R1/R1a、R2/R2a、R4/R4a、R5/R5a、R7/R7a、R8/R8a对与它们所连接的原子一起形成C3-7环烷基或4-7元杂环基;
任选地,一个或多个R1/R4、R1/R5、R1/R6、R4/R5、R4/R6、R7/R8、R2/R3对与它们所连接的原子一起形成环A;
任选地,R3/R3a与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成4-7元杂环;
A选自苯基、萘基、茚基、茚满基、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘基、C3-10环烷基、4-7元杂环基和9-11元杂二环基;并且
其中L1被1-4个L2-Z基团取代并任选进一步被取代,前提条件是在式(I)中用星号标记的氢未被取代基替代;其中
L2为单一化学键或间隔基团;且
Z为载体基团。
2.权利要求1所述的前药,其中X3为O。
3.权利要求1或2所述的前药,其中X为N(R4),X1为C且X3为O。
4.权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的前药,其中X2为C(R7R7a)。
7.权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的前药,其中L2为单一化学键;或L2-Z为COOR9、OR9、C(O)R9、C(O)N(R9R9a)、S(O)2N(R9R9a)、S(O)N(R9R9a)、S(O)2R9、S(O)R9、N(R9)S(O)2N(R9aR9b)、SR9、N(R9R9a)、OC(O)R9、N(R9)C(O)R9a、N(R9)S(O)2R9a、N(R9)S(O)R9a、N(R9)C(O)OR9a、N(R9)C(O)N(R9aR9b)、OC(O)N(R9R9a)、T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基或C2-50炔基,其中T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的R10取代,并且其中C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个选自下列的基团间隔:-T-、-C(O)O-、-O-、-C(O)-、-C(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2N(R11)-、-S(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2N(R11a)-、-S-、-N(R11)-、-OC(O)R11、-N(R11)C(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2-、-N(R11)S(O)-、-N(R11)C(O)O-、-N(R11)C(O)N(R11a)-和-OC(O)N(R11R11a);
R9、R9a、R9b独立选自H、Z、T和C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基或C2-50炔基,其中T、C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的R10取代,并且其中C1-50烷基、C2-50烯基和C2-50炔基任选被一个或多个选自下列的基团间隔:T、-C(O)O-、-O-、-C(O)-、-C(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2N(R11)-、-S(O)N(R11)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2N(R11a)-、-S-、-N(R11)-、-OC(O)R11、-N(R11)C(O)-、-N(R11)S(O)2-、-N(R11)S(O)-、-N(R11)C(O)O-、-N(R11)C(O)N(R11a)-和-OC(O)N(R11R11a);
T选自苯基、萘基、茚基、茚满基、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘基、C3-10环烷基、4-7元杂环基或9-11元杂二环基,其中t任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的R10取代;
R10为Z;卤素;CN;氧代(=O);COOR12;OR12;C(O)R12;C(O)N(R12R12a);S(O)2N(R12R12a);S(O)N(R12R12a);S(O)2R12;S(O)R12;N(R12)S(O)2N(R12aR12b);SR12;N(R12R12a);NO2;OC(O)R12;N(R12)C(O)R12a;N(R12)S(O)2R12a;N(R12)S(O)R12a;N(R12)C(O)OR12a;N(R12)C(O)N(R12aR12b);OC(O)N(R12R12a);或C1-6烷基,其中C1-6烷基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的卤素取代;
R11、R11a、R12、R12a、R12b独立选自H、Z或C1-6烷基,其中C1-6烷基任选被一个或多个相同的或不同的卤素取代;
前提是R9、R9a、R9b、R10、R11、R11a、R12、R12a、R12b之一为Z。
8.权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的前药,其中L2为C1-20烷基链,其任选被一个或多个独立选自-O-和C(O)N(R3aa)的基团间隔;任选被一个或多个选自OH和C(O)N(R3aaR3aaa)的基团取代;其中R3aa、R3aaa独立选自H和C1-4烷基。
9.权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的前药,其中L2具有14g/mol-750g/mol的分子量。
13.权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的前药,其中式(I)中的R1为L2-Z。
14.权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的前药,其中式(I)中的R3为L2-Z。
15.权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的前药,其中式(I)中的R3、R3a与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成4-7元杂环,且其中所述杂环被L2-Z取代。
16.权利要求1-15中任意一项所述的前药,其中D-H为小分子生物活性剂或生物聚合物。
17.权利要求1-16中任意一项所述的前药,其中D-H为选自蛋白质、多肽、寡核苷酸类和肽核酸类的生物聚合物。
18.权利要求1-17中任意一项所述的前药,其中D-H为多肽,其选自ACTH、腺苷脱氨酶、阿加糖酶、α-1抗胰蛋白酶(AAT)、α-1蛋白酶抑制剂(API)、阿替普酶、糊精肽类(淀粉素、醋酸普兰林肽)、阿尼普酶、安克洛酶丝氨酸蛋白酶、抗体(单克隆或多克隆,及片段或融合物)、抗凝血酶III、抗胰蛋白酶、抑肽酶、天冬酰胺酶、阿托西班、毕法林、比伐卢定、骨形态发生蛋白、牛胰胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BPTI)、钙粘蛋白片断、降钙素(鲑鱼)、胶原酶、补体C1酯酶抑制剂、芋螺毒素类、细胞因子受体片段、DNA酶、强啡肽A、内啡肽类、恩夫韦地、脑啡肽类、促红细胞生成素、Exendins、因子VII、因子VIIa、因子VIII、因子VIIIa、因子IX、纤溶酶、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、生长激素释放肽2(GHRP2)、融合蛋白、促卵泡激素、短杆菌肽、葛瑞林、去酰基-葛瑞林、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、半乳糖苷酶、胰高血糖素、胰高血糖素样肽、葡糖脑苷酯酶、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、人热休克蛋白(HSP)、磷脂酶激活蛋白(PLAP)、绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、血红蛋白类、乙型肝炎疫苗、水蛭素、人丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、玻璃酸酶、艾杜糖醛酸酶、免疫球蛋白类、流感疫苗、白细胞介素类(1α、1β、2、3、4、6、10、11、12、13、21)、IL-1受体拮抗剂(rhIL-1ra)、胰岛素类、胰岛素样生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(rhIGFBP)、干扰素类(α2a、α2b、α2c、β1a、β1b、γ1a、γ1b)、胞内粘附分子、角质化细胞生长因子(KGF)、P-选择蛋白糖蛋白配体(PSGL)、转化生长因子、乳糖酶、瘦素、亮丙瑞林、左甲状腺素、促黄体生成素、莱姆疫苗、钠尿肽(ANP、BNP、CNP和片段)、神经肽Y、胰脂肪酶、胰多肽、木瓜酶、甲状旁腺素、PDGF、胃蛋白酶、肽YY、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)、催乳素、蛋白质C、胸腺法新、奥曲肽、胰泌素、舍莫瑞林、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体(TNFR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、促生长激素(生长激素)、Somatoprim、生长抑素、链激酶、蔗糖酶、特利加压素、破伤风毒素片段、半乳糖苷酶、凝血酶、胸腺素、促甲状腺激素、促甲状腺素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、TNF受体-IgG Fc、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)、TSH、尿扩张素、尿酸氧化酶、尿激酶、疫苗、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管活性肠肽、加压素、齐考诺肽、凝集素和蓖麻毒蛋白。
19.权利要求1-18中任意一项所述的前药,其中D-H为由重组DNA技术制备的蛋白质。
20.权利要求1-19中任意一项所述的前药,其中D-H为选自抗体片段、单链抗原结合蛋白、催化抗体和融合蛋白的蛋白质。
21.权利要求1-16中任意一项所述的前药,其中D-H为小分子生物活性剂,其选自具有至少一个伯胺或仲胺基团的下列物质:中枢神经系统活性剂、抗感染剂、抗变应性物质、免疫调节剂、抗肥胖剂、抗凝血药、抗糖尿病药、抗肿瘤药、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、止痛药、避孕药、抗炎药、甾体药物、血管舒张剂、血管收缩剂和心血管药物。
22.权利要求1-16和21中任意一项所述的前药,其中D-H为小分子生物活性剂,其选自:阿卡波糖、阿拉丙酯、阿屈膦酸盐、金刚烷胺、阿米卡星、安咪奈丁、氨鲁米特、氨磺必利、氨氯地平、Amotosalen、阿莫沙平、阿莫西林、苯丙胺、两性霉素B、氨苄西林、氨普那韦、氨力农、阿尼利定、安普乐定、安普霉素、阿替卡因、阿替洛尔、托莫西汀、阿维扎封、巴氯芬、贝那普利、苄丝肼、苯佐卡因、倍他洛尔、博来霉素、溴芬酸、溴法罗明、卡维地洛、去甲伪麻黄碱、卡西酮、氨磺丁脲、Cefalexine、克林沙星、环丙沙星、去铁胺、地拉韦啶、地昔帕明、柔红霉素、右哌甲酯、右哌甲酯、氨苯砜、地佐环平、多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺、多佐胺、多柔比星、度洛西汀、依氟鸟氨酸、依那普利、肾上腺素、表柔比星、麦角灵、厄他培南、艾司洛尔、依诺沙星、乙胺丁醇、芬氟拉明、非诺多泮、非诺特罗、芬戈莫德、氟卡尼、氟伏沙明、呋山那韦、夫罗曲坦、呋塞米、氟西汀、加巴喷丁、加替沙星、吉米沙星、庆大霉素、格帕沙星、海克卡因、肼屈嗪、氢氯噻嗪、Icofungipen、伊达比星、咪喹莫特、美卡拉明、异丙肾上腺素、伊拉地平、卡那霉素A、氯胺酮、拉贝洛尔、拉米夫定、左布诺洛尔、左旋多巴、左甲状腺素、赖诺普利、洛美沙星、氯碳头孢、马普替林、甲氟喹、美法仑、美金刚、美罗培南、美沙拉嗪、美司卡林、甲基多巴、亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺、美托洛尔、米那普仑、米托蒽醌、莫西沙星、去甲肾上腺素、诺氟沙星、去甲替林、新霉素B、制霉菌素、奥塞米韦、帕米膦酸、帕罗西汀、帕珠沙星、培美曲塞、培哚普利、芬美曲秦、苯乙肼、普瑞巴林、普鲁卡因、伪麻黄碱、普罗替林、瑞波西汀、利托君、萨巴比星、沙丁胺醇、血清素、舍曲林、西他列汀、索他洛尔、大观霉素、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧啶、舍曲林、Sprectinomycin、磺胺林、磺胺甲唑、他克林、坦索罗辛、特布他林、噻吗洛尔、替罗非班、妥布霉素、妥卡尼、托氟沙星、群多普利、氨甲环酸、反苯环丙胺、三甲曲沙、曲伐沙星、伐昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、万古霉素、紫霉素、维洛沙秦和扎西他滨。
23.权利要求1-22中任意一项所述的前药,其中Z为至少500Da的聚合物或C8-18烷基基团。
24.权利要求1-23中任意一项所述的前药,其中Z为选自下列的任选交联的聚合物:聚(丙二醇)、聚(乙二醇)、葡聚糖、壳聚糖、透明质酸、海藻酸盐、木聚糖、甘露聚糖、角叉菜胶、琼脂糖、纤维素、淀粉、羟基烷基淀粉(HAS)、聚(乙烯醇类)、聚(唑啉类)、聚(酐)、聚(原酸酯)、聚(碳酸酯)、聚(氨基甲酸乙酯类)、聚(丙烯酸类)、聚(丙烯酰胺类)、聚(丙烯酸酯类)、聚(甲基丙烯酸酯类)、聚(膦腈)、聚唑啉、聚(硅氧烷)、聚(酰胺)、聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮)、聚(氰基丙烯酸酯类)、聚(酯)、聚(亚氨基碳酸酯类)、聚(氨基酸)、胶原、明胶、水凝胶或血浆蛋白,及其共聚物。
25.权利要求1-24中任意一项所述的前药,其中Z为蛋白质。
26.权利要求1-25中任意一项所述的前药,其中Z为选自白蛋白、转铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白的蛋白质。
27.权利要求1-23中任意一项所述的前药,其中Z为分子量为2,000Da-150,000Da的直链或支链聚(乙二醇)。
28.权利要求1-27中任意一项所述的前药,其中D-H为GLP-1受体激动剂;L为权利要求1中所示的式(I)所代表的L1;且Z为水凝胶。
29.权利要求28所述的前药,其中GLP-1受体激动剂为Exendin-4。
30.权利要求28或29所述的前药,其中在式(I)中,X为N(R4),X1为C且X3为O。
31.权利要求28-30中任意一项所述的前药,其中L由权利要求11中所示的式(Ia)所表示或者L由权利要求12中所示的式(Ib)所表示。
32.式Act-L所示的前药前体,其中L具有如权利要求1中所示的含义,且Act为离去基团。
33.权利要求32所述的前药前体,其中Act为氯化物、溴化物、氟化物、硝基苯氧基、咪唑基、N-羟基琥珀酰亚氨基、N-羟基苯并三唑基、N-羟基偶氮苯丙三唑基、五氟苯氧基、2-硫代-噻唑烷基或N-羟基磺基琥珀酰亚氨基。
34.药物组合物,该药物组合物包含:权利要求1-31中任意一项所述的前药或其药学上可接受的盐,和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
35.权利要求1-31中任意一项所述的前药或权利要求30所述的药物组合物,其用作药物。
36.在需要治疗一种或多种疾病的哺乳动物患者中治疗、控制、延迟或预防疾病的方法,该方法包括对所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1-31中任意一项所述的前药或权利要求34所述的药物组合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
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