CN101959480A - 用于将减压施加到组织部位并收集和存储组织部位的流体的敷料和方法 - Google Patents

用于将减压施加到组织部位并收集和存储组织部位的流体的敷料和方法 Download PDF

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CN101959480A
CN101959480A CN2009801072752A CN200980107275A CN101959480A CN 101959480 A CN101959480 A CN 101959480A CN 2009801072752 A CN2009801072752 A CN 2009801072752A CN 200980107275 A CN200980107275 A CN 200980107275A CN 101959480 A CN101959480 A CN 101959480A
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decompression
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tissue site
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CN101959480B (zh
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乔纳森·P·贾伊伯
克里斯多佛·布赖恩·洛克
理查德·丹尼尔·约翰·库特哈德
蒂莫西·马克·罗宾逊
艾丹·马库斯·陶特
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Shuwanuo Intellectual Property Co
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Abstract

一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料包括适合被置于组织部位的界面层(1920)。吸收层(1928)与界面层流体相通,以从界面层和组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体。泵(1810)与吸收层流体相通,以将减压输送到组织部位。覆盖物(1944)被置于泵、吸收层和界面层之上,以在组织部位保持减压,并且液体-空气分离器(1940)被置于吸收层和泵之间,以阻止液体进入泵。

Description

用于将减压施加到组织部位并收集和存储组织部位的流体的敷料和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2008年3月5日提交的第61/034,013号美国临时申请和2008年4月30日提交的第61/049,028号美国临时申请的权益,二者均通过引用特此并入。
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明一般涉及组织治疗系统,并且尤其涉及用于将减压分配到组织部位并且收集和存储组织部位的流体的敷料。
2.相关技术描述
临床研究和实践已经表明,在接近组织部位提供减压增加和加速组织部位的新组织的生长。此现象的应用很多,但是减压的应用在治疗伤口中已经特别成功。此治疗(在医疗界中经常被称作“负压伤口治疗”、“减压治疗”或“真空治疗”)提供许多益处,包括更快愈合和增加的肉芽组织的形成。典型地,减压被通过多孔衬垫(porous pad)或其他歧管设备(manifold device)施加到组织。多孔衬垫包含小室或孔隙,该小室或孔隙能够将减压分配到组织并能够引导从组织抽取的流体。多孔衬垫可被并入具有帮助治疗的其他组成部分的敷料。
概述
由现存的收集罐提出的问题通过于此描述的例证性实施方式的系统和方法解决。在一个例证性实施方式中,提供了一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料。减压敷料包括适合被置于组织部位的界面层(interface layer)。吸收层与界面层流体相通,以从界面层和组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体。泵与吸收层流体相通,以将减压传送到组织部位。覆盖物被置于泵、吸收层和界面层之上,以在组织部位保持减压,并且液体-空气分离器被置于吸收层和泵之间,以阻止液体进入泵。
在另一例证性实施方式中,一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料包括适合被置于组织部位的界面层。吸收层与界面层流体相通,以从界面层和组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体。泵与吸收层流体相通,以将减压传送到组织部位。转换器层(deliver layer)被置于吸收层和泵之间,并且转换器层包括多个孔,以将减压从泵传输到吸收层。覆盖物被置于泵、转换器层、吸收层和界面层之上,以在组织部位保持减压。液体-空气分离器被置于转换器层和泵之间,以阻止液体进入泵。
在另一例证性实施方式中,提供一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料。减压敷料包括适合被置于组织部位的界面层和与界面层流体相通以从界面层和组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体的吸收层。转换器层邻近吸收层,并且转换器层由基本上气体不可渗透的材料形成。转换器层包括多个孔,该多个孔与吸收层流体相通,以增加吸收层能够分配减压的时间的量。泵与转换器层的多个孔流体相通,以将减压传送到组织部位。覆盖物被置于泵、转换器层、吸收层和界面层之上,以在组织部位保持减压。液体-空气分离器被置于转换器层和泵之间,以阻止液体进入泵。
在另一例证性实施方式中,提供一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料。减压敷料包括适合被置于组织部位的界面层。第一歧管层与界面层流体相通,并且吸收层与第一歧管层流体相通,以从第一歧管层、界面层和组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体。转换器层由基本上气体不可渗透的材料形成,并且转换器层包括与吸收层流体相通的多个间隔开的孔。第二歧管层与转换器层流体相通。泵与第二歧管层流体相通,以将减压传送到组织部位。覆盖物被置于泵、第二歧管层、转换器层、吸收层、第一歧管层和界面层之上,以在组织部位保持减压。液体-空气分离器被置于第二歧管和泵之间,以阻止液体进入泵。
在另一例证性实施方式中,一种用于收集被置于组织部位的敷料中的液体的方法包括:利用被置于敷料内的泵来产生减压。液体被从组织部位吸收,并被存储在敷料中。液体被阻止进入泵。
在另一例证性实施方式中,一种适合于将减压分配到组织部位的减压敷料包括适合被置于组织部位的界面层。吸收层与界面层流体相通,以从界面层和组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体。泵与吸收层流体相通,以将减压传送到组织部位,转换器层被置于吸收层和泵之间。转换器层由基本上气体不可渗透的材料形成,并且包括小于吸收层的表面积的表面积,致使液流被指向转换器层的至少一个周边周围。覆盖物被置于转换器层之上,以在组织部位保持减压。
在另一例证性实施方式中,提供一种适合于将减压分配到组织部位的减压敷料。敷料包括适合被置于组织部位的界面层。吸收层与界面层流体相通,以从界面层和组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体。泵与吸收层流体相通,以将减压传送到组织部位,并且转换器层被置于吸收层和泵之间。转换器层由基本上气体可渗透的、液体不可渗透的材料形成。覆盖物被置于转换器层之上,以在组织部位保持减压。
参照附图以及接下来的详细描述,例证性实施方式的其他目的、特征以及优势将变得更明显。
附图简述
图1示出根据例证性实施方式的减压治疗系统的透视图,该减压治疗系统具有置于组织部位的敷料;
图2描述于2-2处取得的图1敷料的横截面正视图;
图3示出图1敷料的分解透视图;
图4描述图3敷料的转换器层的俯视图;
图5示出根据例证性实施方式的转换器层的俯视图;
图6描述图5转换器层的俯视图;
图7示出根据例证性实施方式的转换器层的透视图;
图8描述图7转换器层的俯视图;
图9示出根据例证性实施方式的转换器层的俯视图;
图10描述根据例证性实施方式的减压敷料的分解透视图;
图11示出根据例证性实施方式的用于与减压敷料一起使用的消毒盖布(drape)的俯视图;
图12描述图11消毒盖布的横截面正视图;
图13示出根据例证性实施方式的用于与减压敷料一起使用的消毒盖布的横截面正视图;
图14描述根据例证性实施方式的用于与减压敷料一起使用的组织界面层的俯视图;
图15示出根据例证性实施方式的用于与减压敷料一起使用的组织界面层的俯视图;
图16描述示出了根据例证性实施方式的用于将减压应用到组织部位的减压治疗系统的真空压力对时间的曲线图;
图17示出根据例证性实施方式的减压治疗敷料的分解透视图;
图18描述根据例证性实施方式的减压治疗系统的透视图,该减压治疗系统具有带置于组织部位的集成泵的敷料;
图19示出于19-19处取得的图18敷料和泵的横截面正视图;以及
图20描述图18的敷料和泵的分解透视图。
例证性实施方式的详述
在以下几个例证性实施方式的详述中,参照构成例证性实施方式的一部分的附图,并且其中以例证的方式示出了可实施本发明的具体的优选实施方式。这些实施方式被充分详细地描述,以使本领域的那些技术人员能够实践本发明,而且应该理解到,可使用其他实施方式,并可做出逻辑结构、机械、电及化学变化,而未偏离本发明的精神或范围。为避免对使本领域那些技术人员能够实践于此描述的实施方式来说不必要的细节,描述可省略对本领域那些技术人员熟知的某些信息。因此,以下详细描述不应理解为限制性意义,并且例证性实施方式的范围仅由所附权利要求限定。
如于此使用的术语“减压”一般指作在受到治疗的组织部位的小于环境压力的压力。在大多数情况下,此减压将小于患者位于处的大气压力。可选地,减压可小于与组织部位的组织相关的流体静压。尽管可使用术语“真空”和“负压”以描述施加到组织部位的压力,但是施加到组织部位的实际压力减少可明显地小于通常与绝对真空相关的压力减少。减压最初可在组织部位的区域中产生流体流。随着围绕组织部位的流体静压接近期望的减压,流量可降低,并且随后保持减压。除非以其他方式指出,于此陈述的压力值是表压力。类似地,对减压中的增加的提及典型地指作绝对压力的减少,而减压中的减少典型地指作绝对压力中的增加。
如于此使用的术语“组织部位”指作位于任意组织上或任意组织内的伤口或缺损,该组织包括但不限于:骨组织、脂肪组织、肌肉组织、神经组织、皮组织、维管组织、结缔组织、软骨、腱或韧带。术语“组织部位”还可指作不一定受伤或缺损,反而是希望增加或促进额外组织的生长的区域的任意组织的区域。例如,在某些组织区域中,可使用减压组织治疗,以生长可切除并移植到另一组织位置的额外组织。
减压治疗系统通常被应用到存在于经受急性病或慢性病护理的患者上的大的、高度流出性的伤口,以及不应用减压就不会轻易治愈的其他严重伤口。体积较小并产生少的流出物(exudate)的低严重性的伤口通常使用高级敷料来治疗,而代替减压治疗。但是,这些高级敷料不适合于与减压一起使用,并且当连同减压一起使用时常遭受许多障碍。例如,这些现行的敷料不能最佳利用敷料中的流体存储能力。另外,已存的敷料不能被配置成足够地传输减压,尤其是在敷料开始吸收并存储流体时。
当前,由于监控和更换系统部件所需的人力、需要监视治疗的专门的医务人员及治疗的成本,使用减压治疗不被认为是用于低严重性的伤口的切实可行的或可负担的选择。例如,当前减压治疗系统的复杂性限制了具有很少或没有专门的来自给予自己或其他人如此治疗的知识的人的能力。当前减压治疗系统的大小同样影响治疗系统和被施加治疗的人的移动性。例如,当前减压治疗系统需要使用存储流出物或来自组织部位的其他流体的独立的罐。当前的减压治疗系统也典型地是在每次治疗之后不可随便处理的,并且需要电子组件或其他动力设备,以便施加在治疗中使用的减压。
减压敷料
参照图1,根据例证性实施方式的减压治疗系统100包括置于患者组织部位108的减压敷料104。减压敷料104通过导管112流体地连接到减压源110。导管112可通过管状适配器116与减压敷料104流体地相通。在图1描述的实施方式中,减压源110是手动致动的泵,例如可压缩的隔膜泵。在另一实施中,减压源110可以是由电机驱动的减压或真空泵。在另一实施方式中,减压源110可以是动力微型泵(powered micropump),例如,压电隔膜泵(piezoelectric disc pump),或可选的蠕动泵。在另一实施方式中,减压源110可以是墙吸式端口(wall suction port),例如医院和其他医疗设施中可获得的。
减压源110可被安置在减压治疗单元内,该减压治疗单元还可包括传感器、处理单元、警报指示器、存储器、数据库、软件、显示单元和用户界面,其进一步便于将减压治疗应用到组织部位108。在一个实例中,传感器或开关(未显示)可被设置在减压源110处或附近,以确定由减压源110产生的源压力。传感器可与监视并控制由减压源110传输的减压的处理单元通信。到减压敷料104和组织部位108的减压传输通过保持对来自组织部位的排出物的排放、增加流向包围组织部位的组织的血液并且在组织部位产生微应变而促进新的组织生长。
参照图2和3,减压敷料104包括适合置于组织部位108的界面层220,及密封组织部位108周围的减压敷料104的密封层222。第一歧管层224与界面层220流体地相通,以将减压分配到界面层220和组织部位108。吸收层228被设置成与第一歧管层224流体地相通,以吸收来自第一歧管层224、界面层220和组织部位108中的至少一个的液体。转换器层232被设置成邻近吸收层228。第二歧管层236被设置成与转换器层232流体地相通,并且液体-空气分离器240被设置成邻近第二歧管层236。覆盖物244或消毒盖布被设置成邻近液体-空气分离器240。
减压敷料104的界面层220适合于接触组织部位108。界面层220可部分地或完全地与减压敷料104正在治疗的组织部位108相接触。当组织部位108是伤口时,界面层220可部分地或完全地填充伤口。
界面层220可以是任意尺寸、形状或厚度,取决于各种因素,例如正被实施的治疗类型或组织部位108的性质和大小。例如,界面层220的尺寸和形状可以由用户定制,以覆盖组织部位108的特定部分,或者以填充或部分地填充组织部位108。尽管图3示出的界面层220具有正方形的形状,但是界面层220可被成形为圆形的、椭圆形的、多边形的、不规则的形状,或任意其他的形状。
在一个例证性实施方式中,界面层220是泡沫材料,该泡沫材料起歧管的作用,以便在界面层220与组织部位108相接触或靠近组织部位108时向组织部位108提供减压。泡沫材料可以是疏水性的或亲水性的。在一个非限制性的实例中,界面层220是开放小室、网状的聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫,例如从得克萨斯州(Texas),圣安东尼奥(SanAntonio)的Kinetic Concepts公司可获得的GranuFoam
Figure BPA00001213206200071
敷料。
在界面层220由亲水材料制成的实例中,界面层220还作用成将流体从组织部位108吸走,同时作为歧管继续向组织部位108提供减压。界面层220的芯吸特性(wicking property)通过毛细流动或其他芯吸构造将流体从组织部位108抽出。一亲水泡沫的实例是聚乙烯醇、开放小室的泡沫,例如从得克萨斯州,圣安东尼奥的Kinetic Concepts公司可获得的V.A.C.WhiteFoam敷料。其他亲水泡沫可包括由聚醚制成的那些。呈现亲水特性的其他泡沫包括已经被处理或涂敷以提供亲水性的疏水泡沫。
当通过减压敷料104施加减压时,界面层220还可促进组织部位108的肉芽形成(granulation)。例如,界面层220的表面的任意一个或所有可具有不平滑的、粗糙的或锯齿状的外形,当通过界面层220施加减压时,该外形在组织部位108产生微应变和应力。这些微应变和应力已经被示出以增加新的组织生长。
在一个实施方式中,界面层220可由不必在减压敷料104的使用之后从患者身体去除的生物可再吸收材料(bioresorbable material)构成。合适的生物可再吸收材料可包括但不限于:聚乳酸(PLA)和聚乙醇酸(PGA)的聚合混合物。聚合混合物也可包括但不限于:聚碳酸酯、聚富马酸酯(polyfumarate)和己内酯(capralactone)。界面层220还可起用于新的细胞生长的支架的作用,或者可结合界面层220使用支架材料以促进细胞生长。支架是用于加强或促进细胞生长或组织形成的物质或结构,例如,提供用于细胞生长的模板的三维多孔结构。支架材料的例证性实例包括磷酸钙、胶原蛋白、PLA/PGA、珊瑚羟基磷灰石、碳酸盐或处理的同种异体移植材料(processed allograft material)。
减压敷料104的密封层222包括孔或开口231,并围绕组织部位108周围提供密封。密封层222可以起到围绕组织部位108的一部分的密封垫的作用,以防止施加到减压敷料104的减压泄漏到减压敷料104外面。密封层222还可用于固定在组织部位108的界面层220。如果覆盖物244通过覆盖物244中的起皱而被施加到包围组织部位108的组织,那么密封层222在覆盖物244的起皱区域中帮助保持。
密封层222可以是能够围绕组织部位108提供密封的任意尺寸和厚度。在图2的实例中,密封层222的长度L2和宽度W2分别大于界面层220的长度L1和宽度W1。因此,密封层222的部分延伸通过界面层220的边。这些部分可以直接接触包围组织部位108的组织,从而围绕组织部位108和界面层220提供密封。
尽管图3中示出的密封层222具有正方形的形状,但是密封层222还可具有能围绕组织部位108或界面层220提供密封的任意其他的形状。其他形状的非限制性的实例包括圆形的、椭圆形的、任意多边形的形状、不规则形状或定制成轮廓相符于包围组织部位108的组织或界面层220的形状。
密封层222可由能够在组织部位108的治疗的部分周围密封的任意材料制成。在一个例证性实施方式中,密封层222可包括水凝胶或由水凝胶制成。密封层222还可包括水胶体或硅中的任何一个或两个。
尽管密封层222被示出设置成邻近界面层220,但是密封层222可被设置成邻近减压敷料104中的层的任何一个或置于减压敷料104中的层的任何一个之间。关于密封层222的定位的附加细节以下参照图2更为详细地论述。
减压敷料104还包括第一歧管层224,用于将减压分配到来自界面层220的液体,例如流出物,并且抽出该液体。当密封层222被设置成邻近界面层220时,液体可被从组织部位108通过孔231抽出。随着减压被施加到减压敷料104,液体被界面层220从组织部位108吸走,并由第一歧管层224通过密封层222的孔231抽出。
在一个实施方式中,孔231的长度L3和宽度W3小于界面层220的长度L1和宽度W1。但是,在其他实施方式中,尤其在那些一个或多个其他的层被置于密封层222和界面层220之间的实施方式中,孔231的长度L3和宽度W3可以等于或大于界面层220的长度L1和宽度W1。尽管图3示出的孔231具有正方形的形状,但是孔231可以代替地具有允许密封层222提供密封同时便于来自组织部位108的液体通过的任意其他的形状。
第一歧管层224可具有任意尺寸、形状或厚度。例如,第一歧管层224的尺寸和形状可被定制以提供对吸收层228的不同的利用程度。第一歧管层224的尺寸和形状还可基于减压敷料104中的其他组成部分的尺寸和形状定制,例如界面层220、密封层222、孔231、吸收层228或减压敷料104中其他层的尺寸和形状。
第一歧管层224是能够将减压分配到组织部位108的生物适合的多孔材料。第一歧管层224可由泡沫、纱网、毡制的垫或适合于特定生物应用的任何其他的材料制成。第一歧管层224包括多个流动通道(flow channel)或通路,以便于减压或流体到或从组织部位108的分配。在一个实施方式中,第一歧管层224是多孔泡沫,并且包括作用成流动通道的多个互相连接的室或孔隙。多孔泡沫可以是聚氨基甲酸酯、开放小室、网状泡沫,例如GranuFoam
Figure BPA00001213206200091
敷料。如果使用开放小室泡沫,那么孔隙度可以是大约400-600微米或能够足够地分支减压的任意其他的孔隙度。流动通道允许流体遍及具有开放小室的第一歧管层224的一部分相通。室和流动通道在形状和尺寸上一致,或可包括形状和尺寸上的样式或随意的变形。第一歧管层224的室的形状和尺寸上的变形导致流动通道上的变形,并且此类特性可用于改变流体通过第一歧管层224的流动特性。第一歧管层224可以是疏水性的或亲水性的。在一个实施方式中,第一歧管层224可由和界面层220相同的材料制成。
在一个实施方式中,第一歧管层224可由这样一种材料制成,该材料一旦与液体例如组织部位108的流出物接触就扩张,使得第一歧管层224将填充伤口部位或以其他方式接触组织部位108。在此实施方式中,第一歧管层224可使界面层220被去除,从而简化结构并减小减压敷料104的厚度或轮廓。
减压敷料104的吸收层228可被设置成邻近第一歧管层224,用于接收并吸收由第一歧管层224分配的液体。第一歧管层224促进来自组织部位108的液体朝向第一歧管层224的边径向向外移动,通常如多方向箭头239所示,以便液体在吸收层228上更为均匀地分布。如果液体在吸收层228的表面上更为均匀地分布,那么吸收层228将保留更多的液体。
如于此使用的,层的“表面积”指作层的如在设置成邻近其他层或与其他层接触的平面上可确定的面积测量。在图3示出的实例中,第一歧管层224和吸收层228的表面积通过相乘各自层的长度和宽度得以确定,该长度和宽度在大体上平行于包含孔231的长度L3和宽度W3的平面的平面上测定。
图3中的孔231的表面积(规定成L3xW3)可小于第一歧管层224的表面积及吸收层228的表面积。如果第一歧管层224不能朝向第一歧管层224的边径向向外分布液体,那么吸收层228将主要在吸收层228的具有与孔231相同尺寸的一部分中吸收液体。但是,因为第一歧管层224能够在多方向箭头239显示的方向上径向分布来自组织部位108的液体,所以吸收层228的较大的表面积暴露到液体,并且吸收层228可存储较大量的液体。尽管减压敷料104被设计成主要用于和减压一起使用,但是来自组织部位108的液体在多方向箭头239显示的方向上的分布可在应用减压期间或当不存在减压时发生。更充分地使用吸收层228可利用第一歧管层224来实现,甚至当减压未被施加到减压敷料104时。
吸收层228适合于穿过密封层222的孔231通过界面层220和第一歧管层224吸收来自组织部位108的液体,例如流出物。吸收层228还适合于通过那些层将减压分支并传输到组织部位108。吸收层228可由能够吸收液体例如来自组织部位108的流出物的任意材料制成。在一个实施方式中,吸收层228可由超吸收纤维制成。超吸收纤维可连同对纤维的物理或化学改变来保持液体或结合液体。在一个非限制性的实例中,超吸收纤维可包括来自Technical Absorbents
Figure BPA00001213206200111
公司的Super Absorbent Fiber(SAF)材料。吸收层228可以是纤维材料的片或垫,其中纤维吸收来自组织部位108的液体。包含纤维的吸收层228的结构可以是编织的或非编织的。吸收层228中的纤维一旦与液体接触可胶化,从而拦住液体。纤维之间的空间或空隙可允许施加到减压敷料104的减压在吸收层228内并通过吸收层228传输。在一个实施方式中,吸收层228中的纤维的纤维密度可以是大约1.4克每毫米。
吸收层228可具有任意尺寸、形状或厚度。如果期望附加的液体存储能力用于减压敷料104。那么可使用较大的或较厚的吸收层228。在另一实例中,为空间节省、便利、紧密度或成本考虑,可减小吸收层228的尺寸和厚度。
减压敷料104还可包括设置成邻近吸收层228的转换器层232、设置成邻近转换器层232的第二歧管层236,以及设置成邻近第二歧管层236的液体-空气分离器240。转换器层232包括多个洞247,通过该洞247施加减压源110(见图1)的减压。减压由第二歧管层236分配给转换器层232。洞247可以以用于向吸收层228的部分施加减压以增强吸收层228随着其吸收更多来自组织部位108的流体而继续将减压传输到组织部位108的能力的方式布置。在图3示出的实施方式中,多个洞247以离开转换器层232的中心围绕转换器层232的外围部分的方式设置,使得减压被施加到吸收层228,离开吸收层228的中心区域。转换器层232连同第一歧管层224起作用,以确保吸收层228的吸收能力和吸收效率相对未连同转换器层使用的吸收层被增加。通过提供遍及吸收层228更好的液体分布,转换器层232还增加了吸收层228能够分支敷料104中的减压的时间的量。
转换器层232可由增强邻近吸收层的减压传输和存储能力的任意材料制成。例如,转换器层247可由基本上对液体和气体不可渗透的材料制成。可选地,制成转换器层232的材料可以替代地具有与气体渗透性一致的预定的湿蒸气传输率(moisture vapor transfer rate)。在任何一个实例中,转换器层232仍然可包括用于传输比构成转换器层232的气体可渗透的材料允许的液体或气体的量大的量的液体或气体的洞的形式。但是,应该注意到,转换器层232对气体而不是液体的渗透性可能导致对减压通过敷料的增加的传输,而仍然将液体流指引在转换器层232的周边周围或靠近转换器层232的周边。
在图3示出的实施方式中,减压产生通过洞247的流体流动。通过洞247的流体流动指引液体被拉进吸收层228,离开吸收层228的中心区域。洞247的存在和通过洞247的流体流动还可减少吸收层228的中心区域中的液体的吸收率,并且允许吸收层228在较大的面积上吸收液体。因此,气体和液体不是仅限于通过吸收层228或可能设置成比转换器层232更接近组织部位108的其他层的中心移动。因为气体和液体被朝向吸收层228的边径向向外地指引,所以吸收材料的较大部分暴露给来自组织部位108的液体,并且吸收层228的较大部分可因此被用于存储或拦住较大量的液体。
较充分地使用吸收层228允许减压敷料104被使用较长的时间段,而不必处理减压敷料104。朝向吸收层228的边分配气体和液体的需要在存在减压的情况下甚至可能更大,因为此处的速度,液体可能通过减压敷料104流动离开组织部位108。
转换器层232已经主要地被描述成辅助将减压或流体流转移到吸收层228的周边区域。可选地,转换器层232可以代替地被配置成辅助将减压转移到吸收层228的任意特定的区域,即,目标区域,以促使目标区域内的液体吸收。例如,如果组织部位和敷料是自然地导致液体聚集在特定吸收层的周边区域中的配置,则转换器层可被配置成促进液体聚集在吸收层的中心区域内。在此特定的实例中,中心区域将是目标区域。
仍然参照图2和3,第二歧管层236在转换器层232的表面上更一致地分配减压。第二歧管层236可由能够分配或分支流体的任意材料制成。在一个实例中,第二歧管层236可由和第一歧管层224相同或相似的材料制成。在此实例中,第二歧管层236可包括形成多孔泡沫的多个互相连接的室。第二歧管层236还可收集来自组织部位108的未被吸收层228吸收的液体,例如流出物。第二歧管层236可具有任意尺寸、形状或厚度。
在减压敷料104的一个实施方式中,液体-空气分离器240可以是阻止或阻碍液体穿过液体-空气分离器240的疏水性过滤器。可选地,液体-空气分离器240可以是基于重力的屏障系统,或包括亲水性表面以在流体流在表面上通过时促进冷凝或液体从流体流的其他分离的设备。液体-空气分离器240的其他的实例包括烧结金属、烧结尼龙,或能够将液体从流体流分离的或以其他方式能够阻止或阻碍液体通过而允许气体通过的任意其他的材料或设备。
通过限制或阻止液体流动,液体-空气分离器240阻止液体到达管状适配器116或导管112(见图1)。通过阻止液体到达导管112,液体-空气分离器240还阻止液体到达减压源110。
当液体-空气分离器240关于来自组织部位108的液体变得饱和、不流通、堵塞和/或浸湿时,液体-空气分离器240可能阻止减压到组织部位108的通过。当毗连液体-空气分离器240的层关于液体变得饱和时,液体-空气分离器240还可能阻止减压到组织部位108的通过。例如,如果在特定实施方式中吸收层228毗连液体-空气分离器240,那么吸收层228关于液体的饱和可能导致液体-空气分离器240阻止减压的通过。介于液体-空气分离器240和吸收层228之间的转换器层232的存在延长了在液体-空气分离器240堵塞减压通过之前的时间段。
液体-空气分离器240可具有任意尺寸、形状或厚度。在一个实例中,由于成本考虑,液体-空气分离器240可小于减压敷料104中的其他的层。液体-空气分离器240还可宽于管状适配器116和覆盖物244中的孔260,使得来自组织部位108的液体不能到达管状适配器116或孔260。
减压敷料104的覆盖物244覆盖减压敷料104的至少一部分。在一个实施方式中,覆盖物244可完全地覆盖减压敷料104的多个层。在此实施方式中,覆盖物244可将减压敷料104固定或辅助固定到组织部位108,并且辅助保持在组织部位108周围的密封。在此方面,覆盖物244和密封层222可一起作用以产生在组织部位108周围的密封。覆盖物244还可提供用于减压敷料104和组织部位108的保护性屏障。
在图2和3示出的实施方式中,覆盖物244可覆盖和固定介于覆盖物244和转换器层232之间的组成部分和层。在此实施方式中,覆盖物244可粘着地或以其他方式固定到转换器层232。由与覆盖物244相似的材料制成的转换器层232可随后固定到密封层222和在组织部位108或靠近组织部位108的组织中的任何一个或两个。此实施方式中的转换器层232固定和密封在转换器层232下方在组织部位108的组成部分和层。
在一个实施方式中,覆盖物244可以是粘性消毒盖布。覆盖物244的粘着可以是由于制成覆盖物244的材料的本性,或可以是由于置于覆盖物244表面上的粘性层。覆盖物244的任意部分可包括粘合剂。例如,覆盖物244的整个面向组织的侧面(entire tissue facing side)可包括粘合剂。当提供有粘合剂时,覆盖物244可粘附到管状适配器116、包围组织部位108的组织或减压敷料104的任意层或组成部分中的至少一部分。在另一实施方式中,仅覆盖物244的面向组织的侧面的外围部分可包括粘合剂。在此特定的情况下,粘合剂覆盖的外围部分可适合于粘附到转换器层232、密封层222和包围组织部位108的组织中的任何一个。
在另一实施方式中,覆盖物244可被设计成使得覆盖物244将不会粘附到湿的表面,但将会粘附到干的表面。因此,当施加覆盖物244时,覆盖物244将不会粘住湿的手套或手,从而允许对覆盖物244的更容易的操作,直到覆盖物244被放置在干的组织部位上,例如干的伤口周围区域(dry periwound area)。覆盖物244可以是任意尺寸、形状或厚度。在一个实例中,覆盖物244可以大于减压敷料104的任何一层或组成部分。在另一实例中,密封层222的尺寸可大于覆盖物244的尺寸。
减压可通过覆盖物244中的孔260施加到减压敷料104的多个层。在图2和3的实例中,孔260被示出成中心地位于覆盖物244上。但是,孔260可被设置在覆盖物244上的任何地方,包括覆盖物244的邻近覆盖物244的边的外围部分。尽管孔260被示出成圆形的,但是孔260可具有任意形状。在一个实例中,孔的形状适合于轮廓相符于管状适配器116的一个或更多部分。
管状适配器116提供导管112和减压敷料104之间的接口。尤其是,管状适配器116与导管112流体地相通,使得导管112通过管状适配器116将减压传输到减压敷料104和组织部位108。
参照图1和2,管状适配器116可以是适合于毗连孔260或部分地设置在孔260内的常规的连接头衬垫(connector pad)。可选地,管状适配器116可具有低型圆顶形状(low profile dome shape),或者管状适配器116可以是任意其他的形状。管状适配器116的低型可帮助保持减压敷料104紧凑且便于用户使用。管状适配器116包括置于管状适配器116的外围周围的法兰266。在图2和3示出的实施方式中,覆盖物244的靠近孔260的面向组织的侧面可适合于粘附到法兰266,使得管状适配器116被固定到减压敷料104的至少一个层或组成部分。
尽管图2和3未示出,但是在一个实施方式中,减压敷料104包括气味过滤器。气味过滤器保留或阻止气味流出减压敷料104。气味过滤器可以是可包括炭的碳气味过滤器。在一个实例中,气味过滤器是炭布。气味过滤器可被置于减压敷料104中的任何地方,例如,在覆盖物244和液体-空气分离器240之间。
减压敷料104还可包括指示器(未显示),以在减压敷料104已经达到完全的液体存储能力并需要从组织部位108去除时提醒用户。在一个实施方式中,指示器可以是能够在有湿气的情况下改变视觉外观或某些其他特性的化学或其他物质。例如,指示器可被放置在介于覆盖物244和吸收层228之间的层中的一个中,使得在液体已经完全地浸透吸收层并穿过吸收层而与指示器接触时,指示器经历可见的颜色变化。在一个实施方式中,指示器可以是液体-空气分离器240的一部分。指示器可以代替地是置于敷料中的任何地方以示意在特定区域中存在湿气的独立的指示器层。指示器可与敷料的透明的另一层配合,以允许用户看见指示器被置于的位置。
尽管覆盖物244、液体-空气分离器240、歧管224和236、转换器层232、吸收层228、密封层222和界面层220在图3中具有大体上正方形的形状,但是这些组成部分中的每个以及于此关于其他实施方式公开的其他层可具有如所需以向组织部位108提供足够的减压治疗的任意形状。例如,这些组成部分和层可以是多边形的、长方形的、圆形的、胚珠的、不规则的形状、定制的形状或任意其他的形状。
尽管减压敷料104的不同的层已经被描述成“邻近”其他层,但是术语“邻近”可指作层直接邻近,或可选地层之间可定位有其他中间层。术语“层”一般指作敷料的相对于敷料其他部分和区域(即,其他层)而言具有不同的材料特性或功能的部分或区域。但是,术语“层”不是意指空间的限制性。与特定层相关的特性和功能可与另一层的特性和功能相结合,使得产生具有多种且不同的特性和功能的单一层。尤其地,例如,两个或多个层可被物理地或化学地结合或组合,以产生单一的层,而不影响原始组成部分的原始材料特性或功能。相反地,于此描述的敷料的特定层可被分成两个或多个层,每个具有相似特性或功能。
更具体地参照图2,减压敷料104的多个层的具体布置被更详细地描述。界面层220的面向组织的侧面316被示出成毗连组织部位108。在一个实施例中,界面层220的面向组织的侧面316具有在通过界面层220施加减压时促进组织部位108的肉芽形成的不平坦的表面。不平坦的表面包括在组织部位108上产生微应变和应力的纤维表面。
密封层222可被置于覆盖物244和界面层220之间的任何地方,包括在吸收层228和界面层220之间。在图2的实施例中,密封层222被置于第一歧管层224和界面层220之间,使得密封层222的面向组织的侧面327的一部分毗连界面层220。尤其是,密封层222的形成孔231的内部边的面向组织的侧面毗邻界面层220。
密封层222还包括突出部分(overhanging portion)329,该突出部分329延伸通过界面层220的边。突出部分329可适合于粘附或以其他方式接触组织部位108,使得在组织部位108的一部分处产生密封。例如,突出部分329可粘附活以其他方式接触包围伤口部位的伤口周围区域,使得在伤口部位处产生密封。
第一歧管层224同样可被置于减压敷料104中的任何地方。在一个实施例中,第一歧管层224被置于界面层220和吸收层228之间。在图3的非限制性的实施例中,第一歧管层224被置于密封层222和吸收层228之间。尤其是,第一歧管层224的面向组织的侧面336的一部分毗连密封层222的孔231。在此实施例中,第一歧管层224的面向消毒盖布的侧面(drape facing side)337毗连吸收层228。
在图2示出的实施方式中,吸收层228被示出成置于转换器层232和第一歧管层224之间。吸收层228的面向组织的侧面342毗连第一歧管层224。吸收层228的面向消毒盖布的侧面343毗连转换器层232。在一个实施例中,转换器层232可被置于吸收层228和覆盖物244之间。转换器层232的面向组织的侧面347毗连吸收层228。转换器层232的面向消毒盖布的侧面348毗连第二歧管层236。
第二歧管层236可被置于吸收层228和覆盖物244之间,或者在转换器层232和覆盖物244之间。在图2中,第二歧管层236被置于液体-空气分离器240和转换器层232之间。第二歧管层236的面向组织的侧面352毗连转换器层232。第二歧管层236的面向消毒盖布的侧面353毗连液体-空气分离器240。
液体-空气分离器240可被置于吸收层228和覆盖物244之间,或者在第二歧管层236和覆盖物244之间。在图2中,液体-空气分离器240的面向组织的侧面356毗连第二歧管层236。液体-空气分离器240的面向消毒盖布的侧面357的一部分毗连管状适配器116。
管状适配器116的面向组织的侧面351毗连液体-空气分离器240。同样,管状适配器116的一部分被示出成从覆盖物244中的孔突出。管状适配器116的法兰266夹在覆盖物244和液体-空气分离器240之间,使得覆盖物244将管状适配器116固定到多个层中的至少一个,例如液体-空气分离器240。如图2所示,液体-空气分离器240可宽于覆盖物244中的孔260,并且第二歧管层236可宽于液体-空气分离器240。
覆盖物244可覆盖减压敷料104的所有或一部分。例如,覆盖物244的端部可终止在密封层222的突出部分329上的位置。如虚线380所示,覆盖物244还可以终止在组织部位108上的位置。
参照图4,转换器层232包括洞的样式,或用于将减压施加到吸收层228(未显示)的部分的其他孔。洞具有不同的尺寸。更具体地说,洞450的直径大于洞247的直径。在操作中,转换器层232将更多的减压引导至正方形吸收层228的角落,以进一步增强吸收层228的传输能力,因为随着液体从吸收层228的中心径向向外扩散,角落是填充液体的吸收层228的最后部分。
参照图5和6,根据例证性实施方式的转换器层545可由一旦与液体接触便扩张的任意材料制成。例如,转换器层545可由水凝胶制成。转换器层545还可包括水胶体、硅或硅酮材料。转换器层545包括洞547,或其他孔。从洞547的每个延伸的每个箭头的长度代表允许通过洞的流量或减压的相对量。在图5中,相等量的流量或减压被通过每个洞547转移。
在某些减压应用中,组织可在离开敷料中心的区域处产生更多的流出物。在这些情况下,较大量的液体可通过置于主要渗出点上的洞547的一部分。在图6的实施例中,主要渗出点发生更靠近洞648。因此,洞648被示出成较小的、隆起的或基本上堵塞的,这是由于与来自组织部位的液体的接触。洞648的限制导致通过剩余洞547的优先的流动,从而均衡了在敷料中的邻近的吸收层上的流量。尤其是,如图6示出的转换器层545的洞547比洞648传递较大量的减压。通过如此均衡流量和减压,吸收层,例如图2和3中的吸收层228,可被更充分地利用,而不管在组织部位的主要渗出点的位置,或液体被吸收层吸收的方式。
参照图7和8,根据例证性实施方式的转换器层745包括从转换器层745的表面突出并且从转换器层745的中心到外围径向向外延伸的多个脊785,以形成或限定在其间的多个通道787。脊785可以是弯曲的,并且可在转换器层745的中心部分会合。转换器层745的有脊的表面毗连吸收层(未示出),使得通道787被封闭以形成在转换器层745的中心部分和外围之间径向延伸的通道887和888(图8)。在图8中,通道887的每个被示出成无阻碍的,并因此大体上相等量的减压自由地流动通过每个通道。然而,在某些减压应用中,来自组织部位108(未示出)的液体填充并且堵塞通道888。这可能发生在,例如组织部位的主要渗出点位于离开包括转换器层745的敷料的中心的位置时。因为与通道887相比较大量的液体流过通道888,所以通道888充满液体,并由于吸收层228的毗连通道888的如阴影的部分889所示的饱和部分而变得堵塞。因此,如转换器层745上的箭头所示,通过通道887比堵塞的通道888施加了较大量的减压。通道887随后变成用于减压和流体流的优先路径,直到邻近转换器层745的吸收层228的所有饱和。通过如此均匀流,吸收层228被更充分地利用,而无论组织部位上的主要渗出点的位置,或液体被吸收层228吸收的方式。
参照图9,根据例证性实施方式的转换器层945被示出。转换器层945包括洞947或围绕转换器层945的外围的其他孔的样式。然而,对比图2和3的转换器层232,转换器层945包括不含有洞947的部分931。部分931能够与置于偏心的管状适配器(类似于管状适配器116)对齐。因为减压被通过管状适配器施加到敷料,所以直接在管状适配器下面的洞的存在,甚至具有一个或多个中间层,可能导致减压的比期望更大的部分被施加到邻近管状适配器并在管状适配器下面的洞。去除了转换器层945的邻近管状适配器并在管状适配器下面的部分931中的洞使得通过所有剩余洞947施加减压,以更均匀地将减压分配到吸收层228。
尽管图4-9的转换器层已经被示出和描述成包括大体上圆形的洞,但是转换器层可以替代地包括任意形状或尺寸的孔,该任意形状或尺寸的孔包括例如槽、缝、通道、穿孔或任意其他的孔。可选地,转换器层可被设置成不具有孔,而是替代地被制定尺寸以在外围尺寸和/或表面积上小于吸收层。具有小于吸收层的长度或宽度的长度或宽度的转换器层可确保流体流在转换器层的周边周围移动,因此具有和靠近较大转换器层的边的孔的布置相同的效果。
参照图10,根据例证性实施方式的减压敷料1000被示出。减压敷料1000相似于图2和3的减压敷料104。减压敷料1000未被示出有图2和3的管状适配器116或覆盖物244,但包括吸收层228和转换器层232。减压敷料1000还包括热/湿度交换(HME)泡沫1015,该热/湿度交换(HME)泡沫1015是图2和3的界面层220的非限制性的实施例。HME泡沫1015可以是吸走组织部位108的液体的亲水性泡沫。HME泡沫1015还可将减压分配到组织部位。在一个实施例中,HME泡沫1015的面向组织的侧面具有不平坦的表面,使得在通过HME泡沫1015施加减压时在组织部位108促进肉芽形成。图10中的每个箭头代表在将减压施加到减压敷料1000时的气体或液体中的任何一个或两个的流。箭头示出转换器层232如何帮助气体和液体遍及减压敷料1000的分配,以更有效地利用吸收层228。例如,箭头示出转换器层232的存在使得液体被朝向吸收层228的边径向向外地抽出,以更充分地利用吸收层228的吸收能力。
减压敷料1000还包括在与第一吸收层228相对的一侧上邻近转换器层232设置的第二吸收层1040,及设置成邻近第二吸收层1040的相对侧的第二HME层1041。第二HME层1041可以是开口小室的和/或亲水性泡沫。在一个实施例中,HME层1041由与HME泡沫1015相同的材料制成。来自组织部位108(未示出)的液体被吸收并被抽进HME泡沫1015,并且被转移到吸收层228。液体被吸收层228吸收,并且被拉过转换器层232的洞247,从而分散了液体并导致对吸收层228更高的利用。在非限制性的实施例中,水凝胶转换器层,例如图5的转换器层545,被用于代替转换器层232,凝胶堵塞可能在洞247处发生,使得液体被迫使在吸收层228周围移动并被分配。第二吸收层1040进一步吸收流动通过转换器层232的任何液体,同时第二HME层1041分支在第二吸收层1040上的减压。在某些情况下,当通过减压敷料1000施加减压时,第二HME层1041可能遭受压缩力。尽管这样的压缩力,第二HME层1041仍然可包含允许第二HME层1041将减压转移到减压敷料1000的其他部分的开放的压力通道。过滤器,例如液体-空气分离器240,可被置于HME层1041之上,以阻止或防止液体离开减压敷料1000。
参照图11和12,提供了消毒盖布1125或覆盖物,其可与减压敷料例如图1-3的减压敷料104一起使用。消毒盖布1125包括弹性部分1110。弹性部分1110中心地位于消毒盖布1125上。弹性部分1110可由任意弹性材料制成。同样,尽管图11和12没有示出弹性部分1110上的孔,但是弹性部分1110可包括孔,例如图2中的孔260。孔可被置于弹性部分1110上的任意地方。弹性部分1110在结合区域1120处结合到外围部分1115。在结合区域1120处的结合可使用任何结合技术来形成。例如,弹性部分1110在结合区域1120处可被胶合或以其他方式粘附到外围部分1115。
外围部分1115可由任意材料制成,包括弹性的或非弹性的材料。在一个实施例中,外围部分1115包括孔。外围部分1115的面向组织的侧面1122可包括粘合剂,使得消毒盖布1125可被用于覆盖并固定一个或多个层,例如减压敷料104的层。在另一实施方式中,弹性部分1110和外围部分1115可由相同的材料制成,并且彼此连续,使得在结合区域1120处在弹性部分1115和外围部分1115之间不需要结合。
如图12所示,弹性部分1110可扩展到多个部分,从由实线示出的未扩展的位置到由虚线示出的扩展部分1110a。随着和消毒盖布1125一起使用的减压敷料充满液体,弹性部分1110移动到扩展部分1110a。消毒盖布1125移动到扩展部分1110a的能力留出在用于存储来自组织部位108(未示出)的液体的减压敷料中的附加空间。
作为具有弹性部分的消毒盖布的替代物,消毒盖布1125可以替代地由能够随着流体被收集在敷料中而塑性地变形到扩展的位置的非弹性材料制成。消毒盖布1125可以替代地包括弹性和非弹性材料的组合,并且扩展可依据材料的弹性和塑性变形。
参照图13,消毒盖布1325或覆盖物包括中心地位于消毒盖布1310上的折叠部分(pleated portion)1310。折叠部分1310可由弹性的或非弹性材料制成。折叠部分1310还包括一个或多个皱褶1312,或脊。皱褶可位于折叠部分1310的任意或所有的侧上。同样,尽管图13示出在折叠部分1310的每侧上一个皱褶,但是折叠部分1310的每侧可包括任意数量的皱褶,该任意数量的皱褶可形成类似波纹管的结构。折叠部分1310的折叠构造允许折叠部分1310随着液体被存储在下面的减压敷料中而扩展。
图11-13的消毒盖布1125和1325能够扩展,以适应在减压敷料中的流体收集和存储。还应该重点注意到,消毒盖布1125和1325能够在扩展之前、期间和之后维持敷料中的减压。
参照图14和15,根据例证性实施方式的界面层1400和1500被示出。界面层1400和1500是可撕开的层泡沫材料,其包括允许在敷料例如减压敷料104中使用的界面层1400和1500的轻易撕开和确定尺寸的吻切穿孔(kiss-cut perforation)1405和1505。在一个实施例中,当界面层1400和1500被吻切时,切模(cutting die)穿过泡沫材料的大部分厚度,但不完全。这提供沿着撕开的削弱路径(weakened path),而仍然允许泡沫保持形状。在图14中,吻切穿孔1405是一系列同心的圆。适当大小的界面层可被沿着同心的圆的任意一个撕开。在图15中,吻切穿孔1505是连续的类似螺旋的穿孔。吻切穿孔1505可根据需要沿着此连续的穿孔撕开,以在用于敷料之前制定界面层的尺寸。
吻切穿孔1405和1505提供界面层可被沿着撕开的削弱路径。当界面层1400和1500的一部分被用于敷料中时,界面层仍然可具有某些穿孔剩余。但是,尽管具有这些穿孔,但是界面层仍然能够保持期望的形状,并且有效地实施于此描述的界面层的功能。
参照图16,示出了减压敷料的实施例特性的曲线图1600被示出。曲线图1600示出在被以大约2毫升每小时添加流体的减压敷料的界面层处的随着时间变化测量的压力上的下降。尤其是,曲线图1600示出在大约为8cm2并包括具有在检测期间安装在大的管道上的第二超吸收纤维层敷料(secondary Super Absorbent Fiber layer dressing)的HME泡沫的敷料的界面层处所测的压力。在检测期间施加到敷料的减压始终是125mmHg。随着时间过去且敷料充满流体,当敷料不再能够足够地分支减压时,压力最终在界面层处下降。曲线图1600代表仅仅一个特定的减压敷料的特性,而相比曲线图1600中示出的那些,于此描述的敷料的其他例证性实施方式可呈现不同的特性。
参照图17,根据例证性实施方式的敷料1700包括界面层1715。对比图2中的界面层220,界面层1715具有相对于敷料中的其他层而言更大的尺寸。敷料1700包括在组织界面层1715之上的吸收层228,及在吸收层228之上的转换器层232。对比减压敷料104,敷料1700包括在转换器层232之上的另一吸收层1740。吸收层1740类似于吸收层228。可添加吸收层1740以增加敷料1700的吸收性。吸收层1740还可用于捕获通过吸收层228或逃离吸收层228的液体。
敷料1700包括在吸收层1740之上的第二歧管层236,及在第二歧管层236之上的液体-空气分离器240。敷料1700还包括在液体-空气分离器240之上的密封层1724(类似于图2的密封层222)。密封层1724具有圆形的孔1730,但是圆形的孔1730可以为任意的形状。敷料1700还可包括管状适配器1740和覆盖物244。管状适配器1740可以是低型的圆顶形状或任意其他的形状。
在一个实施方式中,敷料1700的适合于接触组织部位的组成部分是组织界面层1715、密封层1724和覆盖物244。但是,敷料1700的组成部分可被制定尺寸,使得组成部分中的任何一个可与组织部位接触。
在另一例证性实施方式中,提供用于在被置于组织部位的敷料中收集流体的方法。方法包括:通过敷料将减压施加到组织部位、吸收组织部位的液体,及在敷料中存储液体。方法还包括阻止液体离开敷料。在一个实施方式中,从组织部位吸收液体的步骤被利用类似于于此描述的吸收层的吸收层来实现。方法还可包括将减压转移到吸收层的目标区域,以增加与吸收层相关的吸收效率。减压到目标区域的转移还可增加吸收层能够分配减压的时间的量。
于此描述的减压敷料的例证性实施方式可包含转换器层,以确保随着吸收层吸收流体而保持均匀的压力分布。转换器层还提高敷料中的吸收材料的有效使用。例证性实施方式还可包含防止敷料许可液体例如流出物进入管道并帮助确保压力分布的多孔疏水性过滤器。例证性实施方式中的敷料构造和层顺序帮助确保组合有到组织部位的减压相通的敷料的最佳吸收性。
当前的伤口敷料被设计成吸收液体,以保持潮湿的伤口环境,同时最小化浸软的危险,但是不适合于足够地分支减压。当前不与减压一起使用的当前敷料将通常不会将压力传递到组织部位。这些当前的敷料仅被设计成吸收流体,并且被惯常地更换。例证性实施方式中描述的敷料适合于在有减压的情况和没有减压的情况下提供治疗和更大的吸收能力,并且可被施加到大量不同的伤口,包括低严重性的伤口和低流出性的伤口。例证性实施方式中描述的敷料将允许减压组织治理,而不影响敷料的吸收性。
在没有组成部分例如转换器层提供的转移的情况下,液体可被吸收层吸收,并且被集中进入流出点周围的限制区域。这可能导致大量的吸收层不被使用。例如,当125mmHg的减压源被连接到减压敷料时,吸收材料可释放所吸收的液体中的一些,该所吸收的液体中的一些将绕过吸收区域的剩余部分,并且被直接地拉进将减压源连接到敷料的管道。在这点上,敷料可能停止吸收任何更多的液体,并且当液体进入管道时,敷料将减压传递到组织部位的能力会被影响。另外,这可能在只有目标流体量的一小部分已经被吸收时发生。但是,通过使用转换器层和于此描述的其他层,吸收层的效率可被提高,使得减压敷料能够在较长的时间段吸收更多的液体并分支减压。
于此描述的减压敷料的组成部分被以可依据实施而改变的非限制性的空间构造示出。尽管附图以特定顺序的方式示出了减压敷料的组成部分,但是组成部分可依据实施而具有任意的顺序。类似地,任意特定的组成部分的包括或排除可依据特定的应用来改变。
具有集成泵的敷料
图1-17中的减压敷料和组成部分已经被描述成适合于连接到敷料外部的减压源。但是,于此描述的减压敷料还能够并入集成泵,例如,置于敷料的层内或之间的泵,以将减压通过敷料的层转移到组织部位。
参照图18,根据例证性实施方式的减压治疗系统1800包括置于患者组织部位1808的减压敷料1804。减压敷料1804包括集成在减压敷料1804中的减压泵1810。除了减压泵1810,其他组成部分也可被集成在敷料中,包括但不限于:传感器、处理单元、控制单元、报警指示器、存储器、数据库、软件。另外,减压敷料1804可包括允许在敷料1804内的组成部分和可在敷料1804外的组成部分之间流体相通的接口(无线的或有线的)。在一个非限制性的实施例中,接口可以为USB接口。外部组成部分可包括但不限于:控制单元、显示单元、电池充电器及进一步帮助将减压治疗应用到组织部位1808的用户界面。减压泵1810将减压传递到减压敷料1804和组织部位1808通过保持对组织部位的流出物的排放而促进了新的组织生长,使得增加了到包围组织部位的组织的血流量,并且在组织部位产生了微应变。
参照图19和20,减压敷料1804包括适合置于组织部位1808的界面层1920,及在组织部位1808周围密封减压敷料1804的密封层1922。第一歧管层1924被设置成与界面层1920流体相通,以将减压分配到界面层1920和组织部位1808。吸收层1928被设置成与第一歧管层1924流体相通,以吸收来自第一歧管层1924、界面层1920和组织部位1808中的至少一个的液体。转换器层1932被设置成邻近吸收层1928。第二歧管层1936被设置成与转换器层1932流体相通,并且液体-空气分离器1940被设置成邻近第二歧管层1936。覆盖物1944或消毒盖布被设置成邻近第二液体-空气分离器1940。指示器和气味过滤器同样可被置于减压敷料1804内。
减压敷料1804的多个层在形状、尺寸、定位和功能上类似于于此描述的其他减压敷料中的任何一个的层。除了以上列出的敷料1804的层,减压敷料1804包括可在液体-空气分离器1940和覆盖物1944之间集成到敷料中的泵1810。泵1810可以是足够小且轻的微型泵,使得集成的减压敷料1804能够被保持在组织部位1808上。另外,泵1810的尺寸和重量应该使得集成的减压敷料1804不会拉组织部位1808或换句话说不利地影响组织部位1808。在一个实施方式中,泵1810可以是具有类似于第PCT/GB2006/001487号的、作为WO2006/111775公开的国际专利申请中描述的压电致动器的压电致动器的盘泵(disk pump),该申请通过引用特此合并。在可选的实施方式中,泵1810可以是用于抽吸各种流体的蠕动泵。应该理解到,可使用可选的泵技术,并且可使用泵的旋转的、线性的或其他的配置。
泵1810可用于产生足够的减压以成为“治疗的”,用于伤口疗法。在一个实施方式中,泵1810具有足够的流量、真空和操作寿命特性,以使减压治疗的连续应用成为可能。流量可以在大约5-1000ml/min范围内变化,真空可以在大约50-200mmHg范围内变化,并且连续的操作寿命可持续大于20小时。应该理解到,可依据集成的减压敷料1804的配置、伤口的大小、伤口的类型或其他方面而使用可选的范围。在一个实施方式中,多个泵可被置于单一敷料中,以根据需要传递增加的流量或真空水平。可选地,对具有不同的操作能力和规格的泵的选择可由用户或医疗从业者保留在手边,以允许对用于特定组织部位的泵和敷料组合的优化。
泵1810被设置在敷料内,以避免用于收集伤口流出物的导管和外部罐。泵1810可包括阀1950或出口,以将空气或废气释放出减压敷料1804。如果使用阀1950,那么阀1950可与覆盖物1944的孔1960流体相通,或可被置于覆盖物1944的孔1960内。可选地,覆盖物1944可围绕泵1810的出口密封,使得来自泵1810的气体能够直接通过孔1960排出。在图18-20中示出的实施方式中,泵1810的阀或出口朝向离开疏水性过滤器的方向上,以避免将空气附加到伤口敷料。空气通过覆盖物1944中的孔1960排出,该覆盖物1944可包括单向阀。可选地,只要覆盖物1944保持减压的能力不被影响,空气或其他气体可通过覆盖物1944的气体-可渗透部分排出。
当在敷料中使用压电驱动的泵时,与泵相关的压电致动器可被以不同的频率驱动,以作用为警报器或振动警报系统。警报系统可用于提醒用户警报状况,例如在敷料中存在泄漏、如由传感器测量的减压上的变化、显示敷料已经吸收了如由指示器所指示的最大容量的液体,或者指示一个或多个层不再有效地分支减压。
可使用控制电子设备2024以控制对泵1810的操作。控制电子设备2024可以是模拟的和/或数字的,并且可配置有调节器(未显示)以调节泵1810运转的速度或工作循环。另外,控制电子设备2024可配置有接收来自传感器或开关(未显示)的检测信号的控制器(未显示)。传感器可遍及集成的减压敷料1804设置,以检测参数,例如压力、温度、湿度、化学性质、气味或可能在管理和控制泵1810中使用的任意其他的参数。在一个实施方式中,控制电子设备2024包括计算机处理器。可选地,控制电子设备2024可包括可编程的门阵列。而且,控制电子设备2024可由模拟电子元件形成。应该理解到,控制电子设备2024可包括任意形式的数字和/或模拟元件,以实施如于此描述的功能性。
如本领域所知的,当实施减压伤口治疗时,有四个重要的基本参数,包括:(i)低压、(ii)过度的泄漏、(iii)吸收层的水平,及(iv)电池状态。所以,控制电子设备2024可包括电子设备,可使用该电子设备以监视四个基本参数中的每个,并且使用扬声器(未显示)、振动器(未显示)或例如发光二极管(LED)的照明设备(未显示)产生报警信号(例如,声调高的嘟嘟声、振动或光),以通知医学专业人员、患者或家属一参数出了安全范围。例如,如果伤口部位处的压力在治疗水平以下,那么可产生连续的音调。作为另一实施例,如果吸收层1928被浸透,那么可产生连续的嘟嘟声。而且,如果电池降落在某一电压水平以下,那么可产生不同的频率和/或可打开LED。可确定各种不同的报警信号以通知医学专业人员采取特定的行动。
可使用电池2026以向泵1810和控制电子设备2024提供电力。电池2026可具有任意尺寸和形状配置,并且可以是任意的材料,例如聚合物,以适应集成的减压敷料1804的重量和尺寸,如之前所述。在一个实施方式中,电池2026可以是可再充电的。在另一实施方式中,电池2026可被放置在集成的减压敷料1804内部或外部,并且可被以允许容易更换或再充电的方式放置。在一个实施方式中,电池2026可配置有电压水平传感器(voltage level sensor)(未显示),该电压水平传感器由控制电子设备2024监视,用于确定低电源水平。在一个实施方式中,电池2026可直接地与泵1810连接。可选地,电池2026可连接到使用电池2026的功率以驱动泵1810的控制电子设备2024。控制电子设备2024可提供连续的功率、调制的功率,例如脉宽调制(PWM)信号,以驱动泵1810。
密封层1922可被粘附到或以其他方式连接到用于遮盖或换句话说覆盖集成的减压敷料1804的覆盖物层1944。密封层1922可包括足够牢固以形成与在患者伤口周围的皮肤的真空密封的侵蚀性的或医疗级粘性材料。密封层1922可以是具有开口2032的带,该开口2032略微大于如疏水性过滤器2020或其他层的几何参数,使得覆盖物层2030可接触患者伤口部位周围的皮肤。覆盖物层2030对流体例如空气或液体可以是不可渗透的。在一个实施方式中,覆盖物层2030包括阀2034,使得泵1810的废气能够被从集成的减压敷料1804释放。阀2034可以是单向阀,以最小化通过覆盖物层2030进入集成的减压敷料1804的流体。
在另一实施方式中,密封层1922可被粘附到转换器层1932,并且转换器层1932可被粘附到覆盖物1944,以产生上敷料部分和下敷料部分。上敷料部分可包括覆盖物1944、泵1810和相关组成部分、液体-空气分离器1940、第二歧管层1936和转换器层1932。下敷料部分可包括吸收层1928、第一歧管层1924、密封层1922和界面层1920。在一个实施方式中,减压敷料可被配置成一旦敷料已经吸收最大容量的流体便允许对下敷料部分的更换。上敷料部分可在更换下敷料部分之后重新使用。这允许对泵1810的多次使用,同时敷料的可随意使用的部分可被更换。在另一实施方式中,泵1810、控制电子设备2024和电池2026可从敷料去除,用于重新使用且敷料的剩余部分被更换。在另一实施方式中,吸收层1928可仅被更换。在另一实施方式中,吸收层1928和界面层1920可仅被更换。
木炭过滤器2036可用于集成的减压敷料1804,以减少由伤口部位产生的和从集成的减压敷料1804散发的气味。木炭过滤器2036可置于阀或泵1810的其他输出口之上,以便在从集成的减压敷料1804释放之前过滤泵1810的废气。应该理解到,木炭过滤器2036可被可选地配置和置于泵1810之上或之下。而且,除使用木炭过滤器以外,木炭可被集成在集成的减压敷料1804中使用的不同层中的任意一个或所有中。
在另一例证性实施方式中,一种用于收集置于组织部位的敷料中的液体的方法包括:利用置于敷料内的泵产生减压。液体被从组织部位吸收,并被存储在敷料中。液体被阻止进入泵。方法还可包括:在敷料内保持减压,并且将来自泵的气体排放在敷料外部。
从前文应明白,已提供了具有显著优势的本发明。虽然本发明仅以它的一些形式展示,但是本发明是不受限制的,而是可以做出各种改变和修改而不背离本发明的精神。

Claims (65)

1.一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料,所述减压敷料包括:
界面层,其适合被置于所述组织部位;
吸收层,其与所述界面层流体相通,以从所述界面层和所述组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体;
泵,其与所述吸收层流体相通,以将减压传送到所述组织部位;
覆盖物,其置于所述泵、所述吸收层和所述界面层之上,以在所述组织部位保持所述减压;以及
液体-空气分离器,其置于所述吸收层和所述泵之间,以阻止液体进入所述泵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减压敷料,其中,所述界面层是疏水性的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减压敷料,其中,所述吸收层包括超吸收纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减压敷料,还包括被置于所述覆盖物和所述组织部位或靠近所述组织部位的组织之间的密封层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的减压敷料,其中,所述泵是压电驱动的微型泵。
6.根据权利要求1所述的减压敷料,还包括置于所述敷料内并可操作地连接到所述泵的电池和控制电子设备。
7.根据权利要求1所述的减压敷料,还包括所述覆盖物中的使气体能从所述泵排出的孔。
8.根据权利要求1所述的减压敷料,还包括与所述泵的出口流体相通的气味过滤器。
9.一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料,所述减压敷料包括:
界面层,其适合被置于所述组织部位;
吸收层,其与所述界面层流体相通,以从所述界面层和所述组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体;
泵,其与所述吸收层流体相通,以将减压传送到所述组织部位;
转换器层,其位于所述吸收层和所述泵之间,所述转换器层包括多个孔,以将所述减压从所述泵传输到所述吸收层;
覆盖物,其被置于所述泵、所述转换器层、所述吸收层和所述界面层之上,以在所述组织部位保持所述减压;以及
液体-空气分离器,其被置于所述转换器层和所述泵之间,以阻止液体进入所述泵。
10.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述界面层是疏水性的。
11.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述吸收层包括超吸收纤维。
12.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层的表面积大于所述覆盖物的表面积。
13.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中:
所述转换器层的表面积大于所述覆盖物的表面积;并且
所述覆盖物的至少一部分粘着地连接到所述转换器层,并且所述转换器层的至少一部分连接到包围所述组织部位的组织。
14.根据权利要求13所述的减压敷料,还包括置于所述转换器层和包围所述组织部位的组织之间的密封层。
15.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层的所述孔设置成靠近所述转换器层的至少一个周边。
16.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述孔中的至少一个大于所述孔中的别的孔。
17.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述孔中的至少一个被配置成一经与湿气接触便变得较小。
18.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层包括在所述转换器层的表面上的多个脊,以限定所述脊之间的多个通道。
19.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层使所述吸收层的吸收能力能被更充分地利用。
20.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层增加所述吸收层能够分配减压的时间的量。
21.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层是气体可渗透的。
22.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,其中,所述泵是压电驱动的微型泵。
23.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,还包括置于所述敷料内并可操作地连接到所述泵的电池和控制电子设备。
24.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,还包括所述覆盖物中的使气体能从所述泵排出的孔。
25.根据权利要求9所述的减压敷料,还包括与所述泵的出口流体相通的气味过滤器。
26.一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料,所述减压敷料包括:
界面层,其适合被置于所述组织部位;
吸收层,其与所述界面层流体相通,以从所述界面层和所述组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体;
转换器层,其邻近所述吸收层,所述转换器层由基本上气体不可渗透的材料形成,所述转换器层包括多个孔,所述孔与所述吸收层流体相通以增加所述吸收层能够分配减压的时间的量;
泵,其与所述转换器层的所述多个孔流体相通,以将减压传送到所述组织部位;
覆盖物,其置于所述泵、所述转换器层、所述吸收层和所述界面层之上,以在所述组织部位保持所述减压;以及
液体-空气分离器,其置于所述转换器层和所述泵之间,以阻止液体进入所述泵。
27.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述界面层是疏水性的。
28.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述吸收层包括超吸收纤维。
29.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,还包括置于所述覆盖物和包围所述组织部位的组织之间的密封层。
30.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层的表面积大于所述覆盖物的表面积。
31.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中:
所述转换器层的表面积大于所述覆盖物的表面积;并且
所述覆盖物的至少一部分粘着地连接到所述转换器层,并且所述转换器层的至少一部分连接到包围所述组织部位的组织。
32.根据权利要求31所述的减压敷料,还包括置于所述转换器层和包围所述组织部位的组织之间的密封层。
33.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层的所述孔设置成靠近所述转换器层的至少一个周边。
34.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述孔中的至少一个大于所述孔中的别的孔。
35.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述孔中的至少一个被配置成一经与湿气接触便变得较小。
36.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层包括在所述转换器层的表面上的多个脊,以限定所述脊之间的多个通道。
37.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层使所述吸收层的吸收能力能被更充分地利用。
38.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层增加所述吸收层的吸收效率。
39.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,其中,所述泵是压电驱动的微型泵。
40.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,还包括置于所述敷料内并可操作地连接到所述泵的电池和控制电子设备。
41.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,还包括所述覆盖物中的使气体能从所述泵排出的孔。
42.根据权利要求26所述的减压敷料,还包括与所述泵的出口流体相通的气味过滤器。
43.一种用于将减压治疗施加到组织部位的减压敷料,所述减压敷料包括:
界面层,其适合被置于所述组织部位;
第一歧管层,其与所述界面层流体相通;
吸收层,其与所述第一歧管层流体相通,以从所述第一歧管层、所述界面层和所述组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体;
转换器层,其由基本上气体不可渗透的材料形成,所述转换器层包括与所述吸收层流体相通的多个间隔开的孔;
第二歧管层,其与所述转换器层流体相通;
泵,其与所述第二歧管层流体相通,以将减压传送到所述组织部位;
覆盖物,其置于所述泵、所述第二歧管层、所述转换器层、所述吸收层、所述第一歧管层和所述界面层之上,以在所述组织部位保持所述减压;以及
液体-空气分离器,其置于所述第二歧管和所述泵之间,以阻止液体进入所述泵。
44.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述界面层是疏水性的。
45.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述吸收层包括超吸收纤维。
46.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,还包括置于包围所述组织部位的组织和所述敷料的至少一个其他的层之间的密封层,以助于在所述敷料中保持减压。
47.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层的表面积大于所述覆盖物的表面积。
48.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中:
所述转换器层的表面积大于所述覆盖物的表面积;并且
所述覆盖物的至少一部分粘着地连接到所述转换器层,并且所述转换器层的至少一部分连接到包围所述组织部位的组织。
49.根据权利要求48所述的减压敷料,还包括置于所述转换器层和包围所述组织部位的组织之间的密封层。
50.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层的所述孔设置成靠近所述转换器层的至少一个周边。
51.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述孔是洞。
52.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述孔中的至少一个大于所述孔中的别的孔。
53.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述孔中的至少一个被配置成一经与湿气接触便变得较小。
54.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层包括在所述转换器层的表面上的多个脊,以限定所述脊之间的多个通道。
55.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层使所述吸收层的吸收能力能被更充分地利用。
56.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述转换器层增加所述吸收层能够分配减压的时间的量。
57.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,其中,所述泵是压电驱动的微型泵。
58.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,还包括置于所述敷料内并可操作地连接到所述泵的电池和控制电子设备。
59.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,还包括所述覆盖物中的使气体能从所述泵排出的孔。
60.根据权利要求43所述的减压敷料,还包括与所述泵的出口流体相通的气味过滤器。
61.一种用于收集置于组织部位的敷料中的液体的方法,所述方法包括:
利用被置于所述敷料内的泵来产生减压;
从所述组织部位吸收液体,并且将所述液体存储在所述敷料中;以及
阻止所述液体进入所述泵。
62.根据权利要求61所述的方法,还包括:
在所述敷料内保持所述减压。
63.根据权利要求61所述的方法,还包括:
将气体从所述泵排到所述敷料外部。
64.一种适合于将减压分配到组织部位的减压敷料,所述敷料包括:
界面层,其适合被置于所述组织部位;
吸收层,其与所述界面层流体相通,以从所述界面层和所述组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体;
泵,其与所述吸收层流体相通,以将所述减压传送到所述组织部位;
转换器层,其置于所述吸收层和所述泵之间,所述转换器层由基本上气体不可渗透的材料形成,所述转换器层具有小于所述吸收层的表面积的表面积,致使液流被指向所述转换器层的至少一个周边周围;以及
覆盖物,其被置于所述转换器层之上,以在所述组织部位保持所述减压。
65.一种适合于将减压分配到组织部位的减压敷料,所述敷料包括:
界面层,其适合被置于所述组织部位;
吸收层,其与所述界面层流体相通,以从所述界面层和所述组织部位中的至少一个吸收液体;
泵,其与所述吸收层流体相通,以将所述减压传送到所述组织部位;
转换器层,其处于所述吸收层和所述泵之间,所述转换器层由基本上气体可渗透的、液体不可渗透的材料形成;以及
覆盖物,其置于所述转换器层之上,以在所述组织部位保持所述减压。
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