A kind of production method of seedless watermelon seedlings
Technical field
The invention belongs to melon dish graft seedling growth technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of production method of seedless watermelon seedlings.Be applicable to that with melon crop (if any seed watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber and balsam pear etc.) branches and tendrils be that scion, cucurbit are the graft seedling growth of stock.
Background technology
The fruit of aspermous watermelon is not owing to there is seed, quality better, and instant, high-yield disease resisting, storage tolerance is welcome by the producer, operator and consumer deeply, and cultivated area progressively enlarges, and all there is cultivation all parts of the country.At present, the aspermous watermelon of cultivation is a triploid in the production, and it is to be done maternally by tetraploid watermelon, and diploid watermelon is hybridized as male parent and the half-blood that produces.But, cause the seed collecting amount low because this chromosome number of father and mother is different and affinity is low; The kind skin depth of triploid seed is and hard, and the kind umbilical region is wide and hard, the embryo depauperation, and it is irregular bonding that cotyledon is more, germination requirement condition height, 32~35 ℃ of germination thermophilics cause germination rate low; Seed sprouting breathes strong, and water absorption is big, requires high humidity, and oxygen content is suitable, and seed does not enrich, the nutriment deficiency of storing in the cotyledon, push up native ability a little less than, cause planting percent low.Therefore, cost increases (as the price of the small-sized aspermous watermelon seed sold on the existing market just up to 1.5 yuan/in the aspermous watermelon production process, some quality better aspermous watermelon seed price is more expensive), cause the corresponding raising of selling price of aspermous watermelon, allow ordinary consumer hang back, seriously restrict aspermous watermelon health, development fast.Therefore seeking efficient, quick, the cheap production method of a kind of seedless watermelon seedlings becomes new research topic of aspermous watermelon and future thrust.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of production method of seedless watermelon seedlings, the present invention combines branches and tendrils with graft technology, easy to implement the method; easy and simple to handle; the planting percent height is broken through traditional propagation technique of producing a melon seedling with one or many seeds, has reduced the production cost of aspermous watermelon.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of production method of seedless watermelon seedlings the steps include:
1, scion source.
Generally in conjunction with the protection ground cultivation (as greenhouse, plastic tunnel or medium-sized shed etc.) of aspermous watermelon, the branches and tendrils of cutting when utilizing training are as scion.If factorial seedling growth can be established specially and adopt climing garden; utilize greenhouse, heated kang or heating wire to grow seedlings in advance; turn out healthy and strong maternal plant; with its branches and tendrils as scion; method identical with the seedling management in the ealy maturing culture (beautiful with reference to that, Yu Zhengwang, Anguo woods. watermelon protection ground cultivation seedling-cultivating technology [J]. orchard worker's friend; 2001, (1) 3:31.).
2, grafting time.
In group's phase of protection ground cultivation plant; cucurbit begins the vernalization sowing; when cucurbit stock true leaf one leaf wholeheartedly the time; with the cucurbit is stock; choose on the aspermous watermelon maternal plant 5~10cm branches and tendrils (lateral bine) and be scion (seeing A among Fig. 1); it is standby to note after cutting preserving moisture with the freshness protection package device, preferably now adopts existing usefulness, in order to avoid here dehydration withers.
3, the pith-cambium grafting method and the method for plant propagation with cutting are adopted in grafting.
(1) the pith-cambium grafting method concrete steps are as follows:
Cut stock: treat that stock grows to a leaf wholeheartedly the time (seeing A among Fig. 2), rootstock seedling taken out in the seedbed be placed on the operating desk, blade is 45 from stock cotyledon one side and cuts growing point and another cotyledon (seeing B Fig. 2), 0.7~1 centimetre of long incision (seeing B-a among Fig. 2).
Cut scion: with the blade inclined-plane at 45 (seeing B among Fig. 1) of cutting sth. askew, the length on inclined-plane is at 0.6~0.8cm (seeing C-a among Fig. 1), and is approaching with the interface size of stock as far as possible apart from growing point 3~5cm for the branches and tendrils that will shear off from maternal plant.
Amplexiform: the cut alignment cambium (seeing C among Fig. 2) of the complicated and confused scion seedling otch that will cut and rootstock seedling fits together.
Fixed interface: behind good interface; clamp grafting part (seeing D among Fig. 2) with the grafting clip; the complicated and confused seedling of grafting is put into ready prepd little shed, spray 800 times of soups of 75% tpn wetting powder (purchase and just reach earlier (Suzhou) crop protection Co., Ltd) again and prevent that disease from taking place.
(2) method of plant propagation with cutting concrete steps are as follows:
The instrument that the method for plant propagation with cutting is used is blade (seeing B among Fig. 1) and bamboo let (seeing C-a among Fig. 3).Earlier the rough leaf and the growing point of stock removed (seeing B Fig. 3) from base portion during grafting with blade.Pinch stock with hand then, bamboo let incision above stock is directed downwards oblique cutting along the cotyledon line goes into stock cotyledon hypocotyl, dark 0.6~1cm should note making the bamboo let tip to reach the hypocotylar opposite side cortex of cotyledon (seeing C among Fig. 3), is advisable when making the finger that withstands on this position that sense of touch be arranged.Choose the branches and tendrils that shear off from maternal plant apart from growing point 3~5cm inclined-plane at 45 (seeing C-a among Fig. 1) of cutting sth. askew earlier, being 45 ° on the inclined-plane with blade then locates, be the tiltedly partial application again of 90 ° of angles with it, length 0.6~0.8cm (seeing D-b among Fig. 1), the last bamboo let of extracting rapidly in the stock, with the direction that the complicated and confused scion lozenges that cuts accurately inserts by bamboo let, oblique cutting is gone in the hole of stock, makes edge of a knife wall just fit (seeing D among Fig. 3).The complicated and confused seedling of grafting is put into ready prepd little shed, spray 800 times of soups of 75% tpn wetting powder (purchase and just reach earlier (Suzhou) crop protection Co., Ltd) again and prevent that disease from taking place.
4, managing after grafting.
(1) temperature treatment
Accurately control (increase or reduce) seedling bed temperature by the measures such as cascade device of ground hot line, boiler heating system, increase ventilation, unlatching seedbed periphery.After the grafting 1~3 day, seedling bed temperature should remain on 26~28 ℃ daytime, 24~25 ℃ of nights; Along with the anvil fringe healing of grafting, suitably cooling in 4~6 days, 24~26 ℃ of daytimes, 21~23 ℃ of nights; 23~24 ℃ of daytimes after 7 days, 18~20 ℃ of nights; After 10 days with common seedbed management; Preceding 7 days of field planting is reduced to 15~20 ℃ and is carried out hardening.
(2) moisture management
Stock nutritive cube soil will keep the moisture abundance before the grafting, and the same day was wanted airtight canopy film in grafting, makes the air humidity state that reaches capacity, and needn't take a breath; Taking a breath gradually in 2~6 days, it is wet to fall; Will allow grafting adapt to external condition gradually after 7 days, morning and dusk increase ventilation time and ventilation volume gradually when temperature is higher, suppress the generation of disease; Note wind sheltering after 10 days and recover common clinical management.
(3) illumination
Grafting can be accepted weak scattering light, but can not be subjected to the sunlight direct projection, so must shelter from heat or light in the seedbed.After the grafting in 1~3 day, should complete airtight seedbed, and on cover the shading of sunshade net, sooner or later make its faint light that is subjected to, in order to avoid high temperature (35~40 ℃) and direct light cause wilting; After 3 days, morning or dusk remove the covering on the canopy film, increase gradually and see between the light time; After 7 days at noon before and after shading during high light, keep gathering glimmer; Return to the management in common seedbed after 10 days.Note the shading overlong time, can influence the growth of grafting.
(4) in time excise rudiment
Though the growing point of stock is cut during grafting, survives growing period grafting, can sprout some indefinite buds rapidly of growing at the cotyledonary node interface, with scion contention nutrition, influence surviving of grafting, therefore, to excise these indefinite buds at any time, guarantee the healthy growth of scion; During excision, must guard against damage cotyledon and swing scion;
(5) preventing disease pest control and hardening
Under high temperature (35~40 ℃) high humiditys (90~100%) condition, grafting branches and tendrils seedling is easily sent out damping off or aphid, medicament is respectively 600 times of 72.2% general making every effort to overcome (purchasing Bayer Cropscience Co.,Ltd) and 1000 times of 36% A Wei pyrrole worm woodss (purchasing Shanghai Chinese mugwort Cohan Bioceuticals Inc.) or 600 times of controls of 68% smart first frost MnZn (purchase and just reach earlier (China) investment company), with the sticking suction of yellow plate aphid; At 10 ℃ of lower refining seedlings, adapt to the land for growing field crops environment in advance before the field planting, effectively improve survival rate, alleviate each disease generation.
Described branches and tendrils source is: the branches and tendrils with one or many aspermous watermelon maternal plant of open country or the cultivation of protection ground are scion; with the cucurbit is stock; propagation by grafiting is several, tens even a hundreds of complete plant fast; and then with former maternal plant constantly growth branches and tendrils or be that the branches and tendrils of maternal plant are as the continuous grafting of scion with the whole plant of grafting survival; so come and go repetitive operation, growth rate is geometric progression.
Advantage of the present invention and effect:
(1) by complicated and confused grafting, the survival rate height is compared with seminal propagation, this method avoid germination rate low, survive problems such as difficulty and seed costs height, greatly reduce the production cost of aspermous watermelon.
(2) can prevent effectively that by complicated and confused grafting soil-borne disease from taking place, solve the difficult problem that aspermous watermelon can not continuous cropping; Saving utilizes agricultural resourcess such as soil, reduces production costs, and strengthens the growth potential of aspermous watermelon simultaneously, improves resistance, increases output and quality.
The branches and tendrils of cutting when (3) maternal plant is pruned rationally utilize, and have both reduced pollution on the environment, have reduced the consumption of maternal plant nutrient, keep former breediness again.
(4) break through the prior seed propagation technique of producing a melon seedling with one or many seeds, accelerated the reproduction speed of seedless watermelon seedlings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the operating process schematic diagram of scion with branches and tendrils for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a pith-cambium grafting method operating process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a method of plant propagation with cutting operating process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is described further with the grafting of aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of production method of seedless watermelon seedlings, its step is as follows:
1, scion source.
The branches and tendrils of cutting when utilizing the aspermous watermelon training of plastic tunnel cultivation are chosen and are reached 5~10cm aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils (lateral bine) and be scion (seeing A among Fig. 1), cut the back and note preserving moisture with the freshness protection package device standby, preferably now adopt existing usefulness, in order to avoid here dehydration withers.
2, grafting time.
When the aspermous watermelon group of plastic tunnel cultivation phase, cucurbit begins the vernalization sowing, is stock (seeing among Fig. 2 A among A or Fig. 3) with the cucurbit.
3, adopt pith-cambium grafting method and two kinds of grafting methods of the method for plant propagation with cutting.
(1) the pith-cambium grafting method concrete steps are as follows:
Cut stock: treat that stock grows to a leaf wholeheartedly the time (seeing A among Fig. 2), rootstock seedling taken out in the seedbed be placed on the operating desk, blade is 45 from stock cotyledon one side and cuts growing point and another cotyledon (seeing B Fig. 2), long incision 0.7~1cm (seeing B-a among Fig. 2).
Cut scion: the branches and tendrils that will shear off from maternal plant, with the blade inclined-plane at 45 (seeing B among Fig. 1) of cutting sth. askew, the length on inclined-plane is at 0.6~0.8cm (seeing C-a among Fig. 1), and is approaching with the interface size of stock as far as possible apart from growing point 3~5cm place.
Amplexiform: the cut alignment cambium (seeing C among Fig. 2) of the complicated and confused scion seedling otch that will cut and rootstock seedling fits together.
Fixed interface: behind good interface; clamp grafting part (seeing D among Fig. 2) with the grafting clip; grafting is put into ready prepd little shed, spray 800 times of soups of 75% tpn wetting powder (purchase and just reach earlier (Suzhou) crop protection Co., Ltd) again and prevent that disease from taking place.
(2) method of plant propagation with cutting concrete steps are as follows:
The instrument that the method for plant propagation with cutting is used is blade (seeing B among Fig. 1) and bamboo let (seeing C-a among Fig. 3).Earlier the rough leaf and the growing point of stock removed (seeing B Fig. 3) from base portion during grafting with blade.Pinch stock with hand then, bamboo let incision above stock is directed downwards oblique cutting along the cotyledon line goes into stock cotyledon hypocotyl, dark 0.6~1cm should note making the bamboo let tip to reach the hypocotylar opposite side cortex of cotyledon (seeing C among Fig. 3), is advisable when making the finger that withstands on this position that sense of touch be arranged.Choose the branches and tendrils that shear off from maternal plant apart from growing point 3~5cm inclined-plane at 45 (seeing C-a among Fig. 1) of cutting sth. askew earlier, being 45 ° on the inclined-plane with blade then locates, be the tiltedly partial application again of 90 ° of angles with it, length 0.6~0.8cm (seeing D-b among Fig. 1), the last bamboo let of extracting rapidly in the stock, with the direction that the complicated and confused scion lozenges that cuts accurately inserts by bamboo let, oblique cutting is gone in the hole of stock, makes edge of a knife wall just fit (seeing D among Fig. 3).The complicated and confused seedling of grafting is put into ready prepd little shed, spray 800 times of soups of 75% tpn wetting powder (purchase and just reach earlier (Suzhou) crop protection Co., Ltd) again and prevent that disease from taking place.
The applicant sees Table 1 according to the test effect that above-mentioned two kinds of grafting methods carry out.
Table 1 is that the effect of the different graftings of scion compares with branches and tendrils
Shown by table 1 result of the test: the survival rate of the method for plant propagation with cutting is 80.6%, and reproduction coefficient is 14.0; The survival rate of pith-cambium grafting method is 91.4%, and reproduction coefficient is 17.7.
The present invention can also continue with the whole plant of grafting survival be the branches and tendrils of maternal plant as scion, cucurbit is a stock, constantly grafting so comes and goes repetitive operation, growth rate is geometric progression.
4, managing after grafting.
(1) temperature treatment
Accurately control (increase or reduce) seedling bed temperature by the measures such as cascade device of ground hot line, boiler heating system, increase ventilation, unlatching seedbed periphery.After the grafting 1~3 day, seedling bed temperature daytime should be at 26 ℃ or 27 ℃ or 28 ℃, 24 ℃ or 25 ℃ of nights; Along with the anvil fringe healing of grafting, suitably cooling in 4~6 days, 24 ℃ or 25 ℃ or 26 ℃ of daytimes, 21 ℃ or 22 ℃ or 23 ℃ of nights; 23 ℃ or 24 ℃ of daytimes after 7 days, 18 ℃ or 19 ℃ or 20 ℃ of nights; After 10 days with common seedbed management; Preceding 7 days of field planting is reduced to 15 ℃ or 16 ℃ or 17 ℃ or 18 ℃ or 19 ℃ or 20 ℃ and is carried out hardening.
(2) moisture management
Stock nutritive cube soil will keep the moisture abundance before the grafting, and the same day was wanted airtight canopy film in grafting, makes the air humidity state that reaches capacity, and needn't take a breath; Taking a breath gradually in 2~6 days, it is wet to fall; Will allow grafting adapt to external condition gradually after 7 days, morning and dusk increase ventilation time and ventilation volume when temperature is higher gradually, and ventilation can suppress the generation of disease; Note wind sheltering after 10 days and recover common clinical management.
(3) illumination
Grafting can be accepted weak scattering light, but can not be subjected to the sunlight direct projection, so must shelter from heat or light in the seedbed.After the grafting in 1~3 day, should complete airtight seedbed, and on cover the shading of sunshade net, sooner or later make its faint light that is subjected to, in order to avoid high temperature (35~40 ℃) and direct light cause wilting; After 3 days, morning or dusk remove the covering on the canopy film, increase gradually and see between the light time; After 7 days at noon before and after shading during high light, keep adopting being subjected to glimmer; Return to the management in common seedbed after 10 days.Note the shading overlong time, can influence the growth of grafting.
(4) in time excise rudiment
Though the growing point of stock is cut during grafting, survives growing period grafting, can sprout some indefinite buds rapidly of growing at the cotyledonary node interface, with scion contention nutrition, influence surviving of grafting, therefore, to excise these indefinite buds at any time, guarantee the healthy growth of scion; During excision, must guard against damage cotyledon and swing scion;
(5) preventing disease pest control and hardening
Under high temperature (35~40 ℃) high humiditys (90~100%) condition, grafting branches and tendrils seedling is easily sent out damping off or aphid etc., medicament commonly used is respectively 1000 times of 600 times of 72.2% general making every effort to overcome (purchasing Bayer Cropscience Co.,Ltd) and 36% A Wei pyrrole worm woodss (purchasing Shanghai Chinese mugwort Cohan Bioceuticals Inc.) or 68% smart first frost MnZn (purchase and just reach earlier (China) investment company) waits diseases prevention for 600 times, glues the suction aphid with yellow plate; Note simultaneously before the field planting adapting to the land for growing field crops environment in advance, can effectively improve survival rate, alleviate each disease and take place at 10 ℃ of lower refining seedlings.