CN107646576B - Watermelon grafting seedling method - Google Patents
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- CN107646576B CN107646576B CN201710927622.2A CN201710927622A CN107646576B CN 107646576 B CN107646576 B CN 107646576B CN 201710927622 A CN201710927622 A CN 201710927622A CN 107646576 B CN107646576 B CN 107646576B
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Abstract
The invention provides a watermelon grafting seedling method, which comprises the steps of stock selection, preparation before grafting, seedling cultivation and cultivation before grafting; the grafting comprises the steps of selecting grafting time, stock treatment, grafting and interface treatment: the grafting time is grafting when the cotyledon of the scion is unearthed and the seed coat falls off and the two cotyledons are not opened; 3 true leaves grow on the stock seedling, and the first true leaf is grafted when the length of the first true leaf is 4 cm; the rootstock treatment: cutting out growth points and true leaves; the seedling culture comprises temperature management, humidity management, illumination management, ventilation and water and fertilizer management. The invention effectively reduces the incidence rate of the rotten interface of the grafted watermelon seedling and improves the survival rate of the grafted seedling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a watermelon grafting and seedling raising method, and belongs to the technical field of plant planting.
Background
Grafting and artificial nutrition propagation method of plants. That is, a branch or bud of one plant is grafted onto a stem or root of another plant, and the two parts joined together are grown into a complete plant. The grafting method is divided into a branch grafting method and a bud grafting method. During grafting, the scion and the cambium of the stock are tightly combined to ensure the survival of the scion. The grafted branch or bud, called scion, and the grafted plant body, called rootstock or table wood. The grafted rootstock becomes the upper part or the top part of the plant body, and the grafted rootstock becomes the root part of the plant body.
Watermelon grafting is that the bud or branch of a watermelon is purposefully grafted on stocks such as a gourd or a pumpkin with cotyledons, so that the watermelon has better nutrition supply or root systems; becoming the grafted watermelon seedling. The tissue at the joint of the grafted watermelon seedling is fragile, and the watermelon seedling is easy to take and place lightly in the transplanting process so as to prevent the joint from being broken; the grafted seedling is completed from seeding to transplanting.
The existing watermelon bud grafting technology has two types; one method is that the true leaves of the stock are removed, the cotyledon is kept, the middle of the cotyledon is longitudinally cut once, the watermelon bud scion is cut into a wedge shape, inserted into the cut of the stock and clamped by a clamp; and the other method is that the true leaves of the rootstock are removed, the cotyledon is reserved, a bamboo stick is used for obliquely inserting a port in the middle of the cotyledon, the watermelon bud scion is obliquely cut at the neck of the watermelon bud, and the watermelon bud is inserted into the port of the rootstock. Both the two melon bud grafting methods can cause the cut of the stock to locally discharge liquid, and the problem of interface rot after melon bud grafting occurs, so that the grafting survival rate is influenced; therefore, technicians often choose to graft on sunny days to reduce the rotten probability of the grafted seedlings; once rotten melon buds are found, the whole stock is immediately removed and discarded, and other grafted seedlings are prevented from being infected.
In the prior art, no good prevention and treatment measures are provided for grafted seedlings with rotten interfaces, and other grafted seedlings are protected by mostly selecting a method for pulling out rotten seedlings; if the grafted seedlings are in rainy days or low temperatures, the rotting rate of the grafted seedlings can be greatly increased, and if the grafted seedlings are pulled out, the grafted seedlings are seriously lost. Therefore, how to reduce the rotting rate of the grafted seedlings after watermelon grafting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a watermelon grafting and seedling method for overcoming the defects in the prior art, and aims to realize the following purposes: the rotting rate of the grafted seedlings after watermelon grafting is reduced; effectively improve the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a watermelon grafting seedling method comprises the steps of stock selection, preparation before grafting, seedling cultivation and cultivation before grafting;
the grafting comprises the steps of selecting grafting time, stock treatment, grafting and interface treatment:
the grafting time is grafting when the cotyledon of the scion is unearthed and the seed coat falls off and the two cotyledons are not opened; 3 true leaves grow on the stock seedling, and the first true leaf is grafted when the length of the first true leaf is 4 cm;
the rootstock treatment: cutting out growth points and true leaves;
the seedling culture comprises temperature management, humidity management, illumination management, ventilation and water and fertilizer management.
The insertion connection: the grafting angle of the scion is 60 degrees, the depth of the inserting hole is 0.7-0.8 cm during grafting, and the cotyledon of the stock and the cotyledon of the scion are in a cross shape.
The interface processing comprises the following steps: after 12h of splicing, spraying the antiseptic growth promoting powder at the interface once every 2 days for 4-5 times; the antiseptic growth promoting powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 percent of salicylic acid, 2 percent of toosendanin, 5 percent of glucose, 3 percent of aspartic acid and the balance of light calcium carbonate.
The temperature management comprises the following steps: 1-2 days after grafting, wherein the temperature in the daytime is 29 ℃ and the temperature at night is 27 ℃; 3-10 days after grafting, wherein the temperature is 27 ℃ in the daytime and 24 ℃ at night; after 10 days of grafting, managing according to the common seedling raising temperature; the temperature is kept at 23 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night 1 week before planting.
The humidity management comprises the following steps: watering is not needed after 1-3 days of grafting;
controlling the humidity to be 60-62% 4-6 days after grafting; controlling the humidity to be 56-57% 7-12 days after grafting.
The illumination management comprises the following steps: shading the shed roof with a covering 1-3 days after grafting; 4-8 days after grafting, removing the covering in the morning and receiving scattered light for 40-50 min; the light is given for 9-15 days after grafting and for 1.5-2 hours in the morning and at the evening from the fourth day to the fifth day.
The ventilation is as follows: ventilation is not needed within 24 hours after grafting;
ventilating for 1-2 times every day for 3-7 days after grafting, and ventilating for 20-30min each time;
and (3) ventilating for 2-3 times every day after 8 days of grafting, wherein each time lasts for 50-60 min.
And (3) water and fertilizer management: including precise moisture management and fertilization management;
the precise water content management comprises the following steps: the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 58-60% 1-15 days after grafting, 65% 16-20 days after grafting and 55% 20 days after grafting;
the fertilization management comprises the following steps: spraying a foliar fertilizer 10 days after grafting, and spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 5 days, wherein the mass content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the foliar fertilizer is 4-5%, 8-9%, 4-5%, the calcium content is 2-2.8%, the iron content is 1-1.1%, the magnesium content is 2.5-3%, the amino acid content is 2.5-3.5%, and the zinc content is 1-1.5%.
And (3) cultivation before field planting: hardening seedlings one week before field planting, wherein the hardening seedlings are as follows: under the condition of the illumination intensity of 3200-3300 Lx, the temperature is controlled to be 23-24 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 53-54%, and the air is blown for 2-2.5h every day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention effectively reduces the incidence rate of the interface rot of the grafted watermelon seedlings, and the incidence rate of the interface rot is 0.48 percent;
(2) the invention effectively improves the watermelon grafting survival rate, which is 98.8%;
(3) the method effectively improves the stock cotyledon preservation rate of the grafted seedling to 96.5 percent and reduces the graft seedling transplanting interface fracture rate to 0.12 percent.
Detailed Description
Example 1 watermelon grafting and seedling method
Step 1, stock selection
Selecting a good disease-resistant stock special variety during grafting; a large number of tests and production applications show that the effect of adopting the phyllanthus emblica is the best.
Step 2, preparation before grafting
(1) Stock seedling preparation
The pumpkin stock seeds are generally thick in seed coats and difficult to absorb water, and in order to improve the germination rate and the germination potential of the stock seeds and promote the cracking of the seed coats, the seed treatment agents are required to be used for treating and soaking the seeds in warm water.
The seed treatment agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
4 parts of choline chloride, 8.2 parts of ethylicin, 13.6 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 1.6 parts of amylase, 1.0 part of neutral cellulase, 2.4 parts of glucose oxidase, 22.8 parts of ethanol and 22 parts of water.
Thus greatly improving the cotyledon preservation rate of the rootstock.
Soaking pumpkin seeds in a seed treatment agent for 8 hours, rinsing with clear water for 3 times, soaking the seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ and stirring for 5-8 min, taking out the seeds after soaking for 8-12 hours, wiping off mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds with a towel, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel at 40-42 ℃, accelerating germination at 36-37 ℃, sowing the seeds into a nutrition pot after 42 hours until the length of the seed buds is 0.7-0.9 cm, and covering the seeds with soil with the thickness of 0.5-0.7 cm.
And when the seedling leaves of the stock are unearthed, accelerating germination to cultivate the seedlings grafted with the watermelon scions.
(2) Preparation of scion seedlings
Soaking watermelon seeds for 5 hours by using a seed treatment agent, wherein the seed treatment agent is the same as the seed treatment agent for rootstocks; rinsing for 3 times after soaking, soaking seeds in warm water at 55 ℃, stirring at the speed of 200rpm, cooling the water to 20 ℃ after 15 minutes, cleaning and fishing out the seeds, rubbing off the moisture and sticky substances on the surfaces of the seeds by a towel at 30-34 ℃, putting the seeds on a constant-temperature germinating bed or a heat source at 31-33 ℃ for germination, after 38-40 hours, sowing the seeds in a prepared pure medium-grain sand table which is cleaned by water and has the length, width and depth of 60 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 5 cm, and growing seedlings to be uniformly placed. The seeds are covered with pure medium-grain sand with the thickness of 1 cm, and the seeds are placed in a seedling raising shed at the temperature of 26-27 ℃ after being watered thoroughly to breed scion seedlings.
(3) Preparation of grafting site
Preferably, the grafting is carried out in a greenhouse or a greenhouse, and a straw curtain is covered on the greenhouse or the greenhouse to shield the greenhouse or the greenhouse from direct sunlight.
(4) Grafting tool preparation
The blade is preferably sharp and durable.
Preparing a bamboo stick with the length of 5-6 cm, making one end of the bamboo stick into a plane with the same thickness as the stem of the scion, making the other end of the bamboo stick into a flat shape, and burning the bamboo stick with fire to enable the tip to be hard and have no burrs.
Step 3 grafting
(1) Grafting time
Grafting when the cotyledon of the scion is unearthed, the seed coat falls off and the two cotyledons are not opened; the stock seedling grows 2 true leaves, and the grafting is carried out when the length of the first true leaf reaches 2 cm.
(2) Rootstock treatment
Clamping the hypocotyl of the stock by using the index finger and the middle finger of the left hand, clamping two cotyledons by using the thumb, the index finger and the ring finger of the left hand respectively, separating the two cotyledons towards two sides to expose a growing point, holding a blade by using the right hand, and cutting off the growing point and a true leaf.
(3) Plug-in connection
The method has the advantages of high grafting speed, high survival rate, no need of fixing the interface, high requirement on grafting technology and strict requirement on seedling age. During grafting, a bamboo stick is inserted into the stock seedling embryonic axis from the center part at an angle of 45 degrees to form an inclined wedge-shaped hole, the depth of the hole is about 0.7-0.8 cm, and the bamboo stick is not required to be inserted into the hollow part of the stem. Taking the scion seedlings without pulling out the bamboo sticks, pinching the cotyledon with the thumb and the forefinger of the left hand, and cutting an inclined plane with a blade at a position 0.5 cm below the grafted cotyledon, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 0.7-0.8 cm; then, the stock is held by the left hand, the bamboo stick is taken out by the right hand, and the scion is inserted into the inclined hole of the stock immediately. The slant faces downwards, and meanwhile, the cotyledon of the stock and the cotyledon of the scion are in a cross shape.
(4) Interface processing
After 12h of insertion, spraying one-time antiseptic growth promoting powder at the interface, wherein the antiseptic growth promoting powder consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 percent of salicylic acid, 2 percent of toosendanin, 5 percent of glucose, 3 percent of aspartic acid and the balance of light calcium carbonate. Sprayed once every 2 days for a total of 4 times.
Step 4 seedling raising
The grafted seedling is the key for cultivating strong seedling and getting the survival of the planting. From grafting to survival, the method is crucial to healing of a grafting opening and promoting growth of a grafted seedling, and the following seedling raising works are mainly done in the period:
(1) temperature management
1-2 days after grafting, wherein the temperature in the daytime is 29 ℃ and the temperature at night is 27 ℃;
3-10 days after grafting, wherein the temperature is 27 ℃ in the daytime and 24 ℃ at night;
after 10 days of grafting, managing according to the common seedling raising temperature;
the temperature is kept at 23 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night 1 week before planting.
(2) Humidity management
Watering is not needed after 1-3 days of grafting;
after grafting, the grafting enters a wound healing period for 4-6 days, at the moment, the withering of the scion is prevented, and the humidity is gradually reduced; the humidity was controlled at 62%.
And controlling the humidity to be 57% 7-12 days after grafting.
(3) Light management
And shading the shed roof by using a covering material 1-3 days after grafting so as to prevent the scion from withering caused by high temperature and direct light. 4-8 days after grafting, removing the covering in the morning and receiving scattered light for 40 min;
giving light for 2 hours in the morning and at the evening respectively 9-15 days after grafting and from the fourth day to the fifth day;
after 15 days, the management is carried out according to a common seedbed.
(4) Ventilation
Ventilation is not needed within 24 hours after grafting;
ventilating for 1-2 times every day for 3-7 days after grafting, and ventilating for 20min each time;
and (4) after 8 days of grafting, ventilating for 2-3 times every day, and 60min each time.
(5) Liquid manure management
Accurate moisture management: the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 58-60% 1-15 days after grafting, 65% 16-20% after grafting and 55% 20 days after grafting.
Fertilization management: spraying a foliar fertilizer 10 days after grafting, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 5 days, and the foliar fertilizer contains 5%, 8% and 5% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by mass, 2% of calcium, 1% of iron, 3% of magnesium, 2.5% of amino acid and 1% of zinc; the fertilizer is applied every time, the spraying of the whole plant is taken as the standard.
Step 5 cultivation before field planting
The total period from sowing to planting of grafting seedling is 27-28 days; hardening and cultivating the grafted seedlings one week before the setting so as to ensure that the grafted seedlings are not damaged in the transplanting and field planting process.
The seedling exercising method comprises the following steps: under the condition of the illumination intensity of 3200 Lx, the temperature is controlled at 24 deg.C, the humidity is 54%, and the air is blown for 2h every day, i.e. one hour in the morning and afternoon.
Before transplanting, the grafted seedling has four to five true leaves, complete cotyledons, proper size, dark green leaf margin, good healing of grafting wound, developed root system and white color.
During field planting, the distance between the grafting opening and the ground is about 10 cm; and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
EXAMPLE 2 Single-factor analysis of rootstocks
The grafting seedling method of the embodiment 1 is adopted, only the stock variety is changed, and the embodiments 2 to 4 are carried out; the rootstock varieties used in examples 2-4 are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
Through tests, the grafting survival rate and the stock cotyledon preservation rate of the grafted seedlings cultured by the watermelon grafting seedling culture method of the embodiment 2-4 are counted and shown in the table 2 after 10 days of grafting;
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the table above, the survival rate of the grafted watermelon with the phyllotrichum squash as the rootstock is the highest, the cotyledon preservation rate of the rootstock is the highest, and the grafted rootstock is preferably the phyllotrichum squash.
Example 5 grafting factor analysis experiment
The grafting seedling method of the embodiment 1 is adopted, only the grafting time and the grafting angle in the grafting of the step 3 are changed, and the embodiments 5 to 7 are carried out; the grafting time and the grafting angle used in examples 5 to 7 are shown in table 3;
through tests, the grafting survival rate of the grafted seedlings cultured by the watermelon grafting seedling culture method of the embodiment 5-7 is counted and shown in a table 4 after 10 days of grafting;
TABLE 4
As can be seen from table 4, the grafting time is preferably 3 true leaves grown on the stock seedling, and the first true leaf is 4 cm long; the plugging angle is preferably 60 °.
Comparative example 1 watermelon grafting seedling method
The grafting seedling method of the embodiment 1 is adopted, and only the grafting of the step 3 is changed as follows:
(1) grafting time
Grafting when the cotyledon of the scion is unearthed, the seed coat falls off and the two cotyledons are not opened; the stock seedling grows 2 true leaves, and the grafting is carried out when the length of the first true leaf is 2 cm, which is the best grafting period. The survival rate of grafting is affected by over-age or under-age of the seedling.
(2) Rootstock treatment
Clamping the hypocotyl of the stock by using the index finger and the middle finger of the left hand, clamping two cotyledons by using the thumb, the index finger and the ring finger of the left hand respectively, separating the two cotyledons towards two sides to expose a growing point, holding a blade by using the right hand, and cutting off the growing point and a true leaf.
(3) Plug-in connection
The method has the advantages of high grafting speed, high survival rate, no need of fixing the interface, high requirement on grafting technology and strict requirement on seedling age. During grafting, a bamboo stick is inserted into the stock seedling embryonic axis from the center part at an angle of 45 degrees to form an inclined wedge-shaped hole, the depth of the hole is about 0.7-0.8 cm, and the bamboo stick is not required to be inserted into the hollow part of the stem. Taking the scion seedlings without pulling out the bamboo sticks, pinching the cotyledon with the thumb and the forefinger of the left hand, and cutting an inclined plane with a blade at a position 0.5 cm below the grafted cotyledon, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 0.7-0.8 cm; then, the stock is held by the left hand, the bamboo stick is taken out by the right hand, and the scion is inserted into the inclined hole of the stock immediately. The slant faces downwards, and meanwhile, the cotyledon of the stock and the cotyledon of the scion are in a cross shape.
No interface processing is performed.
Comparative example 2 watermelon grafting seedling method
The grafting seedling method of the embodiment 1 is adopted, and only the seedling of the step 4 is changed into the following steps: the traditional seedling raising method.
Tests prove that compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, in example 1, the incidence rate of the rot of the interface of the grafted seedling is greatly reduced, and the toughness of the interface is greatly improved; specific results are shown in table 5;
TABLE 5
Therefore, the grafting and seedling raising method in the embodiment 1 can effectively reduce the rotting incidence rate of the grafted seedling interface, improve the toughness of the interface tissue, and greatly reduce the fracture rate of the grafted seedling transplanting interface.
Example 8 watermelon grafting and seedling method
Step 1, stock selection
Selecting a good disease-resistant stock special variety during grafting; a large number of tests and production applications show that the effect of adopting the phyllanthus emblica is the best.
Step 2, preparation before grafting
(1) Stock seedling preparation
The pumpkin stock seeds are generally thick in seed coats and difficult to absorb water, and in order to improve the germination rate and the germination potential of the stock seeds and promote the cracking of the seed coats, the seed treatment agents are required to be used for treating and soaking the seeds in warm water.
The seed treatment agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
4 parts of choline chloride, 8.2 parts of ethylicin, 13.6 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 1.6 parts of amylase, 1.0 part of neutral cellulase, 2.4 parts of glucose oxidase, 22.8 parts of ethanol and 22 parts of water.
Thus greatly improving the cotyledon preservation rate of the rootstock.
Soaking pumpkin seeds in the seed treatment agent for 9 hours, rinsing the pumpkin seeds for 3 times by using clean water, soaking the seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ and stirring the seeds for 10min, taking out the seeds after soaking the seeds for 15 hours, wiping off mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds by using a towel, wrapping the seeds by using a wet towel at the temperature of 40-42 ℃, accelerating germination at the temperature of 36-37 ℃, sowing the seeds into a nutrition pot after 42 hours until the length of the seed buds is 0.7-0.9 cm, and covering the seeds with soil with the thickness of 0.6-0.8 cm.
And when the seedling leaves of the stock are unearthed, accelerating germination to cultivate the seedlings grafted with the watermelon scions.
(2) Preparation of scion seedlings
Soaking watermelon seeds for 5 hours by using a seed treatment agent, wherein the seed treatment agent is the same as the seed treatment agent for rootstocks; rinsing for 3 times after soaking, soaking seeds in warm water at 55 ℃, stirring at the speed of 200rpm, cooling the water to 20 ℃ after 15 minutes, cleaning and fishing out the seeds, rubbing off the moisture and sticky substances on the surfaces of the seeds by a towel at 30-34 ℃, putting the seeds on a constant-temperature germinating bed or a heat source at 31-33 ℃ for germination, after 38-40 hours, sowing the seeds in a prepared pure medium-grain sand table which is cleaned by water and has the length, width and depth of 60 multiplied by 40 multiplied by 5 cm, and growing seedlings to be uniformly placed. The seeds are covered with pure medium-grain sand with the thickness of 1 cm, and the seeds are placed in a seedling raising shed at the temperature of 26-27 ℃ after being watered thoroughly to breed scion seedlings.
(3) Preparation of grafting site
Preferably, the grafting is carried out in a greenhouse or a greenhouse, and a straw curtain is covered on the greenhouse or the greenhouse to shield the greenhouse or the greenhouse from direct sunlight.
(4) Grafting tool preparation
The blade is preferably sharp and durable.
Preparing a bamboo stick with the length of 5-6 cm, making one end of the bamboo stick into a plane with the same thickness as the stem of the scion, making the other end of the bamboo stick into a flat shape, and burning the bamboo stick with fire to enable the tip to be hard and have no burrs.
Step 3 grafting
(1) Grafting time
Grafting when the cotyledon of the scion is unearthed, the seed coat falls off and the two cotyledons are not opened; the stock seedling grows 3 true leaves, and the grafting is carried out when the length of the first true leaf is 4 cm, which is the best grafting period. The survival rate of grafting is affected by over-age or under-age of the seedling.
(2) Rootstock treatment
Clamping the hypocotyl of the stock by using the index finger and the middle finger of the left hand, clamping two cotyledons by using the thumb, the index finger and the ring finger of the left hand respectively, separating the two cotyledons towards two sides to expose a growing point, holding a blade by using the right hand, and cutting off the growing point and a true leaf.
(3) Plug-in connection
The method has the advantages of high grafting speed, high survival rate, no need of fixing the interface, high requirement on grafting technology and strict requirement on seedling age. During grafting, a bamboo stick is inserted into the stock seedling embryonic axis from the center part at an angle of 60 degrees to form an inclined wedge-shaped hole, the depth of the hole is about 0.7-0.8 cm, and the bamboo stick is not required to be inserted into the hollow part of the stem. Taking the scion seedlings without pulling out the bamboo sticks, pinching the cotyledon with the thumb and the forefinger of the left hand, and cutting an inclined plane with a blade at a position 0.5 cm below the grafted cotyledon, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 0.7-0.8 cm; then, the stock is held by the left hand, the bamboo stick is taken out by the right hand, and the scion is inserted into the inclined hole of the stock immediately. The slant faces downwards, and meanwhile, the cotyledon of the stock and the cotyledon of the scion are in a cross shape.
(4) Interface processing
After 12h of insertion, spraying one-time antiseptic growth promoting powder at the interface, wherein the antiseptic growth promoting powder consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 percent of salicylic acid, 2 percent of toosendanin, 5 percent of glucose, 3 percent of aspartic acid and the balance of light calcium carbonate. Sprayed once every 2 days for a total of 5 times.
Step 4 seedling raising
The grafted seedling is the key for cultivating strong seedling and getting the survival of the planting. From grafting to survival, the method is crucial to healing of a grafting opening and promoting growth of a grafted seedling, and the following seedling raising works are mainly done in the period:
(1) temperature management
1-2 days after grafting, wherein the temperature in the daytime is 29 ℃ and the temperature at night is 27 ℃;
3-10 days after grafting, wherein the temperature is 27 ℃ in the daytime and 24 ℃ at night;
after 10 days of grafting, managing according to the common seedling raising temperature;
the temperature is kept at 23 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night 1 week before planting.
(2) Humidity management
Watering is not needed after 1-3 days of grafting;
after grafting, the grafting enters a wound healing period for 4-6 days, at the moment, the withering of the scion is prevented, and the humidity is gradually reduced; the humidity was controlled at 60%.
And 7-12 days after grafting, controlling the humidity at 56%.
(3) Light management
And shading the shed roof by using a covering material 1-3 days after grafting so as to prevent the scion from withering caused by high temperature and direct light. 4-8 days after grafting, removing the covering in the morning and receiving scattered light for 50 min;
giving light for 1.5 hours in the morning and at the evening from the fourth day to the fifth day after 9-15 days of grafting;
after 15 days, the management is carried out according to a common seedbed.
(4) Ventilation
Ventilation is not needed within 24 hours after grafting;
ventilating for 1-2 times every day for 30min 3-7 days after grafting;
and (4) after 8 days of grafting, ventilating for 2-3 times every day, and 50min each time.
(5) Liquid manure management
Accurate moisture management: the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 58-60% 1-15 days after grafting, 65% 16-20 days after grafting and 55% 20 days after grafting.
Fertilization management: spraying a foliar fertilizer 10 days after grafting, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 5 days, and the foliar fertilizer contains 5%, 9% and 4% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by mass, 2.8% of calcium, 1% of iron, 2.5% of magnesium, 3.5% of amino acid and 1.5% of zinc; the fertilizer is applied every time, the spraying of the whole plant is taken as the standard.
Step 5 cultivation before field planting
The total period from sowing to planting of grafting seedling is 27-28 days; hardening and cultivating the grafted seedlings one week before field planting so as to ensure that the grafted seedlings are not damaged in the transplanting and field planting process.
The seedling exercising method comprises the following steps: under the condition of the illumination intensity of 3200 Lx, the temperature is controlled at 24 deg.C, the humidity is 54%, and the air is blown for 2h every day, i.e. one hour in the morning and afternoon.
Before transplanting, the grafted seedling has four to five true leaves, complete cotyledons, proper size, dark green leaf margin, good healing of grafting wound, developed root system and white color.
During field planting, the distance between the grafting opening and the ground is about 10 cm; and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
Through tests, the grafting seedling method of the embodiment has the advantages that the watermelon grafting survival rate is 98.8%, the stock cotyledon preservation rate is 96.5%, the interface rot incidence rate is 0.48%, and the grafted seedling transplanting interface fracture rate is 0.12%.
Except for special description, the proportions are mass ratios, and the percentages are mass percentages.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of the invention, and details not described herein are within the common general knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art; the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A watermelon grafting seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of stock selection, preparation before grafting, seedling culture and cultivation before planting;
the grafting comprises the steps of selecting grafting time, stock treatment, grafting and interface treatment: the interface processing comprises the following steps: after 12h of splicing, spraying the antiseptic growth promoting powder at the interface once every 2 days for 4-5 times; the antiseptic growth promoting powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 percent of salicylic acid, 2 percent of toosendanin, 5 percent of glucose, 3 percent of aspartic acid and the balance of light calcium carbonate;
the grafting time is grafting when the cotyledon of the scion is unearthed and the seed coat falls off and the two cotyledons are not opened; 3 true leaves grow on the stock seedling, and the first true leaf is grafted when the length of the first true leaf is 4 cm;
the rootstock treatment: cutting out growth points and true leaves;
the seedling culture comprises temperature management, humidity management, illumination management, ventilation and water and fertilizer management; the temperature management comprises the following steps: 1-2 days after grafting, wherein the temperature in the daytime is 29 ℃ and the temperature at night is 27 ℃; 3-10 days after grafting, wherein the temperature is 27 ℃ in the daytime and 24 ℃ at night; after 10 days of grafting, managing according to the common seedling raising temperature; keeping the temperature at 23 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night 1 week before planting; the humidity management comprises the following steps: watering is not needed after 1-3 days of grafting; controlling the humidity to be 60-62% 4-6 days after grafting; controlling the humidity to be 56-57% 7-12 days after grafting; the illumination management comprises the following steps: shading the shed roof with a covering 1-3 days after grafting; 4-8 days after grafting, removing the covering in the morning and receiving scattered light for 40-50 min; giving light for 9-15 days after grafting, and giving light for 1.5-2 hours in the morning and at the evening from the fourth day to the fifth day; the ventilation is as follows: ventilation is not needed within 24 hours after grafting; ventilating for 1-2 times every day for 3-7 days after grafting, and ventilating for 20-30min each time; after 8 days of grafting, ventilating for 2-3 times every day, and each time is 50-60 min;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: including precise moisture management and fertilization management;
the precise water content management comprises the following steps: the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 58-60% 1-15 days after grafting, 65% 16-20 days after grafting and 55% 20 days after grafting;
the fertilization management comprises the following steps: spraying a foliar fertilizer 10 days after grafting, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 5 days, and the foliar fertilizer contains 4-5% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 8-9% of calcium, 4-5% of iron, 2-2.8% of calcium, 2.5-3% of magnesium, 2.5-3.5% of amino acid and 1-1.5% of zinc by mass;
the preparation work steps before grafting comprise: (1) preparing stock seedlings; the preparation step of the stock seedling comprises the steps of treating pumpkin stock seeds by adopting a seed treating agent; the seed treatment agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
4 parts of choline chloride, 8.2 parts of ethylicin, 13.6 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 1.6 parts of amylase, 1.0 part of neutral cellulase, 2.4 parts of glucose oxidase, 22.8 parts of ethanol and 22 parts of water.
2. The watermelon grafting seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the insertion connection: the grafting angle of the scion is 60 degrees, the depth of the inserting hole is 0.7-0.8 cm during grafting, and the cotyledon of the stock and the cotyledon of the scion are in a cross shape.
3. The watermelon grafting seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and (3) cultivation before field planting: hardening seedlings one week before field planting, wherein the hardening seedlings are as follows: under the condition of the illumination intensity of 3200-3300 Lx, the temperature is controlled to be 23-24 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 53-54%, and the air is blown for 2-2.5h every day.
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| CN112753394A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Low-temperature grafting seedling method for watermelons |
| CN114568139B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2023-03-21 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Grafting method for dragon fruit seedling sowing seedlings |
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Denomination of invention: A Method of Watermelon Grafting Effective date of registration: 20230117 Granted publication date: 20200908 Pledgee: Postal Savings Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Weifang branch Pledgor: WEIFANG GUOPAI AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023370000023 |