CN107466648A - A kind of summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of greenhouse watermelon - Google Patents
A kind of summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of greenhouse watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN107466648A CN107466648A CN201710775952.4A CN201710775952A CN107466648A CN 107466648 A CN107466648 A CN 107466648A CN 201710775952 A CN201710775952 A CN 201710775952A CN 107466648 A CN107466648 A CN 107466648A
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- sunshade
- watermelon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of greenhouse watermelon, comprise the following steps：(1) stock nursery；(2) scion nursery；(3) grafting and (4) managing after grafting.The summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of the greenhouse watermelon of the present invention, using greenhouse in summer and autumn nursery, the Watermelon Fruit of maturation finally can be obtained October in September, method for culturing seedlings is simple and easy, nursery effect is good, planting percent and Phase ofsprouting are high, in more traditional evening in watermelon maturity period, there is good economic well-being of workers and staff.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, the summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding side of more particularly to a kind of greenhouse watermelon
Method.
Background technology
Watermelon is one of fruit that the people like, especially hot summer, and watermelon has become the cooling of people's relieving summer-heat
Preferred fruit.Current growth of watermelon is with sale or based on primary agricultural products, and the added value of watermelon products is low, the list in farmland
Plane product economic benefit is low, it is impossible to brings good economic well-being of workers and staff for melon grower.
With the improvement of living standards, the consumption structure of people is also constantly changing.Consumption demand of the people to watermelon
No longer be it is simple relieved summer heat with summer quench one's thirst based on, but more pursue quality, characteristic and variation.Traditional watermelon is generally summer
Maturation, can not meet people other times want taste watermelon the needs of.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problem of the prior art, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of summer and autumn sunshade vernalization of greenhouse watermelon to educate
Seedling-growing method.The technical scheme is as follows：
On the one hand, the summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of a kind of greenhouse watermelon, comprises the following steps：
(1) stock nursery：Sowed using vernalization, sunshade covering nursery, after planting cover Nutrition Soil or matrix immediately, then
Cover the rice chaff ash or rice chaff of one layer of 0.5 cm thick again on Nutrition Soil or matrix；
(2) scion nursery：Scion sowing is postponed 3 days than stock sowing time, is sowed using vernalization, sunshade nursery, nursery is close
Spend every square metre of 2000-2500 strain；
(3) grafting：The rootstock seedling and the scion seedling of cotyledon flattening phase for choosing the heart stage of a leaf one use tip cutting method or cut-grafting method
Grafting is carried out, selects to carry out grafting when morning or dusk；
(4) managing after grafting：Using sealing covering and multilayer sunshade covering, make to reach in seedbed saturated humidity and cool,
Sunshade, gradually decreases the sunshade covering number of plies after 2-3 days, increase is shown in light quantity, opens two skulls after 3-4 days after Wound healing to be grafted
Centre increase ventilation, then uses conventional seedbed system method management.
Further, the conventional seedbed system method is specially：Seedling age is 15 days；Covered and cooled using sunshade, it is complete before emergence
Its covering cooling, opens among two skulls after emergence, gradually increases light application time；Every morning or at dusk watering 1-2 times.
Further, the method for the seedbed foundation is specially：Select it is leeward on the sunny side, physical features is high and dry, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage
Facilitate nearly 3 years places for not planting melon crop, seedbed furrow face width is 1.2-1.5 rice, of length no more than 50 meters.
Further, the step of also including watermelon presoaking and germinating before step (2) watermelon seedling culturing, the watermelon seed soaking are urged
The step of bud, specifically includes：
Seed selection：Select healthy, full no disease and pests harm seed, medium-sized big 25-50 grams of the field sowing quantity of melon, small-sized every mu of need of melon
15-25 grams of kind amount, seedbed area 10m2；
Seed soaking：With 55-60 DEG C of water seed soaking 15 minutes, disinfection；Then 20-25 DEG C of water seed soaking 4-6 hour is used；
Vernalization：Seed after the completion of seed soaking, which is cleaned, is placed in 25-30 DEG C of vernalization, can be sowed when bud length is to 0.5-1 centimetres.
Further, the compound method of the Nutrition Soil is specially：Ripe garden mould 80-90% is taken, adds decomposed manure 10-
20% it is well mixed after sieve and produce；Cucurbitaceae vegetable was not planted in the ripe garden mould 1-2, and fine sand is added if soil property is partially viscous
To increase gas permeability.
Further, the preparation method of the matrix is specially：0.1% is added after taking 7 parts of peat and 3 parts of perlite mixing
NPK, it is well mixed to produce.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：The summer and autumn sunshade of the greenhouse watermelon of the present invention
Pregermination and seedling breeding method, using greenhouse in summer and autumn nursery, the Watermelon Fruit of maturation, nursery can be finally obtained in September-October
Method is simple and easy, and nursery effect is good, and planting percent and Phase ofsprouting are high, in more traditional evening in watermelon maturity period, there is good economy
Income.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below further
It is described in detail on ground.
Embodiment
(1) seedbed selects
Select it is leeward physical features is high and dry, fertile soil, the content of organic matter are enriched, pH value 6.5-7.8 on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, closely
The place for not planting melon crop for 3 years sets seedbed.Seedbed furrow face width is 1.2-1.5 rice, of length no more than 50 meters.
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil and matrix
Nutrition Soil matches：Ripe garden mould (not planting cucurbitaceae vegetable in 1-2) 80-90%, it is decomposed high-quality to add 10-20%
Organic fertilizer.Needed if soil property is partially viscous plus a small amount of fine sand is to increase gas permeability, the Nutrition Soil prepared is both needed to sieve.Also 7 parts can be used
0.1% NPK, which is poured into, after peat, 3 parts of perlite mixing is made into soilless substrate.
(3) seed treatment
1. choose seeds：Choose early-maturing variety it is early good, capital is glad, little Lan, by bit, early spring carbuncle, the variety of watermelon such as 208 of being bestowed by heaven
Healthy, full no disease and pests harm seed.Medium-sized big 25-50 grams of the field sowing quantity of melon, small-sized every mu of melon need to 15-25 grams of the amount of kind, need seedling
Bed surface accumulates 10m2。
2. soak seed：With 55-60 DEG C of water seed soaking 15 minutes, disinfection；Then 20-25 DEG C of water seed soaking 4-6 hour is used.
3. vernalization：The seed for soaking sufficient water is cleaned and is placed in vernalization in 25-30 DEG C or so of environment, treats bud length to 0.5-1 lis
It can be sowed during rice or so.
(4) summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding technology
1. stock nursery
Common lagenaria sicerariae, langenaria siceria or the special stock Japan cucurbit of watermelon etc. can be selected preferably cucurbit anvil in stock.
Summer and autumn temperature is higher, and to improve planting percent and Phase ofsprouting, stock is sowed using vernalization, sunshade covering nursery,
Nutrition Soil or matrix are after planting covered immediately, accomplishes to cover when broadcasting, and are guarded against high temperature and are burnt bud, then on Nutrition Soil or matrix again
The rice chaff ash or rice chaff of one layer of 0.5 cm thick are covered, to prevent the seedbed that summer and autumn nursery irrigation times are brought more hardened.
2. scion nursery (watermelon)
Scion nursery is equally sowed using vernalization, and sunshade nursery, seedling density is every square metre of 2000-2500 strain.Scion
Postponed 3 days or so than stock date of seeding.Using scion cotyledon flattening with the leaf of stock one wholeheartedly kissing as grafting optimum period
3. engrafting method
The rootstock seedling and the scion seedling of cotyledon flattening phase for choosing the heart stage of a leaf one carry out grafting using tip cutting method or cut-grafting method,
Grafting is carried out when selection morning or dusk.
4. conventional seedbed system seedbed management method
Summer and autumn seedling raise period is shorter, and seedling age was at 15 days or so.One leaf is wholeheartedly transplanted.
Temperature：Covered and cooled using sunshade.Whole day covering cooling, takes off after emergence among two skulls before emergence, gradually increase
Light application time.
Moisture：Summer and autumn nursery temperature is high, and illumination is strong, and evaporation capacity is big, it is necessary to assure moisture supply.The general 1- that must water daily
2 times, carry out in the morning or at dusk.
5. managing after grafting
Using sealing covering and multilayer sunshade covering, to reach saturated humidity and cooling, sunshade.Gradually decreased after 2-3 days
Sunshade covers the number of plies, and increase is shown in light quantity, increase ventilation among two skulls is taken off after healing in 3-4 days.Then use conventional seedbed system seedling
Bed management method management.
(5) insect pest preventing and controlling
Greenhouse watermelon pest and disease damage is relatively light, relies mainly on prevention, using comprehensive preventive health measures.
1. droop：Grafting and root-changing diseases prevention.
2. sprout term disease：Samping off, early blight.Rely mainly on prevention, 500 times of liquid of Mancozeb can be used to be prevented and treated in the heart stage of a leaf one
Once.
The summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of the greenhouse watermelon of the present invention, using greenhouse in summer and autumn nursery, final energy
Enough Watermelon Fruits that maturation is obtained in September-October, method for culturing seedlings is simple and easy, and nursery effect is good, planting percent and Phase ofsprouting
Height, in more traditional evening in watermelon maturity period, there is good economic well-being of workers and staff.
For other alternative solutions of above-mentioned technical characteristic, the present invention will not enumerate herein.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (6)
1. the summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of a kind of greenhouse watermelon, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) stock nursery：Sowed using vernalization, sunshade covering nursery, Nutrition Soil or matrix are after planting covered immediately, then in institute
State the rice chaff ash or rice chaff for covering one layer of 0.5 cm thick in Nutrition Soil or the matrix again；
(2) scion nursery：Scion sowing is postponed 3 days than stock sowing time, is sowed using vernalization, sunshade nursery, seedling density is every
Square metre 2000-2500 strains；
(3) grafting：The rootstock seedling and the scion seedling of cotyledon flattening phase for choosing the heart stage of a leaf one are carried out using tip cutting method or cut-grafting method
Grafting, select to carry out grafting when morning or dusk；
(4) managing after grafting：Using sealing covering and multilayer sunshade covering, make to reach saturated humidity in seedbed and cool, sunshade,
The sunshade covering number of plies is gradually decreased after 2-3 days, increase is shown in light quantity, opened after 3-4 days after Wound healing to be grafted among two skulls
Increase ventilation, then use conventional seedbed system method management.
2. the summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the conventional seedbed system
Method is specially：Seedling age is 15 days；Covered and cooled using sunshade, whole day covering cooling, is opened after emergence in two skulls before emergence
Between, gradually increase light application time；Every morning or at dusk watering 1-2 times.
3. the summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the seedbed is established
Method be specially：Select it is leeward on the sunny side, physical features is high and dry, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage facilitate nearly 3 years ground for not planting melon crop
Side, seedbed furrow face width are 1.2-1.5 rice, of length no more than 50 meters.
4. the summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the step (2)
The step of also including watermelon presoaking and germinating before watermelon seedling culturing, specifically include the step of the watermelon presoaking and germinating：
Seed selection：Healthy, full no disease and pests harm seed is selected, medium-sized big 25-50 grams of the field sowing quantity of melon, small-sized every mu of melon need to the amount of kind
15-25 grams, seedbed area 10m2；
Seed soaking：With 55-60 DEG C of water seed soaking 15 minutes, disinfection；Then 20-25 DEG C of water seed soaking 4-6 hour is used；
Vernalization：Seed after the completion of seed soaking, which is cleaned, is placed in 25-30 DEG C of vernalization, can be sowed when bud length is to 0.5-1 centimetres.
5. the summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the Nutrition Soil
Compound method is specially：Ripe garden mould 80-90% is taken, sieves and produces after addition decomposed manure 10-20% is well mixed；It is described ripe
Cucurbitaceae vegetable was not planted in garden mould 1-2, and fine sand is added to increase gas permeability if soil property is partially viscous.
6. the summer and autumn sunshade Pregermination and seedling breeding method of greenhouse watermelon as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the system of the matrix
Preparation Method is specially：0.1% NPK is added after taking 7 parts of peat and 3 parts of perlite mixing, it is well mixed to produce.
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101731089A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2010-06-16 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Method for producing seedless watermelon seedlings |
| CN102845241A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Watermelon grafting method |
| CN103718783A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-16 | 王宝库 | Greenhouse watermelon cultivation method |
| CN103782686A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Watermelon tissue culture seedling grafting method |
| CN104904502A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-16 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for grating potted seedling cultivation of watermelon in summer |
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2017
- 2017-08-31 CN CN201710775952.4A patent/CN107466648A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101731089A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2010-06-16 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Method for producing seedless watermelon seedlings |
| CN102845241A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Watermelon grafting method |
| CN103718783A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-16 | 王宝库 | Greenhouse watermelon cultivation method |
| CN103782686A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Watermelon tissue culture seedling grafting method |
| CN104904502A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-16 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for grating potted seedling cultivation of watermelon in summer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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|---|
| 刘月香 金永祥 叶飞华 王林荣: "提高夏秋西瓜嫁接苗成活率的措施", 《提高夏秋西瓜嫁接苗成活率的措施》 * |
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Application publication date: 20171215 |