CN101669438B - Method for grafting wild apricot and plum at mountainous regions and cultivation management method - Google Patents
Method for grafting wild apricot and plum at mountainous regions and cultivation management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101669438B CN101669438B CN2009101877734A CN200910187773A CN101669438B CN 101669438 B CN101669438 B CN 101669438B CN 2009101877734 A CN2009101877734 A CN 2009101877734A CN 200910187773 A CN200910187773 A CN 200910187773A CN 101669438 B CN101669438 B CN 101669438B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting wild apricot and plum at mountainous regions and the cultivation management. The method comprises the step of cleft grafting or bark grafting; cleft grafting, before the 5days of the wild apricot blossoms, sawing off the wild apricot, flatly cutting a sawing opening, ear grafting, tightly fastening with a plastic piece, covering a plastic bags, and tightly fastening under a grafting opening; bark grafting, when bark is separated from the tree, sawing off the parental stock, flatly cutting a cross section, ear grafting, covering a plastic bag and tightly fastening under a grafting opening; and managing after grafting, examining survival rate, putting into bags at proper time, erasing crotch, piling and binding to be prevent from folding, pruning and shaping, removing weeds, digging a cistern to store water, and executing by means of insect prevention and hail prevention. The method is reasonable, is easily grasped, has high survival rate, play the advantage of the two trees by grafting, has good harvest at arid hilly regions, and can benefit for many years with one year investment, thereby being a good way for creating income for farmers in the arid northern China.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to the grafting and the administrative skill of a planting fruit-trees, is a kind of technology of apricot grafting plum specifically.
The most of arid of background technology northern China is short of rain, year, evaporation discharge was greater than precipitation, continuous deterioration along with ecotope, the various wild fruit trees in hilly country (annual rainfall 300--350mm) of arid disappear in succession, have only ansu apricot normal growth in abominable natural environment, yield positive results, it is extremely drought-enduring, barren-resistant, the high-quality stock of grafting plum especially.
Ansu apricot growth is slow, and the plum growth is fast, growth fraction be about the method that adopts traditional grafting high and changing head at 2: 3 then occur top-heavy, easy to break, the 3-5 natural death.The tender shoots of plum is the cuisines of insect in addition, as does not have safeguard procedures, can be eaten up by insect, and survival rate is very low.
Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of grafting wild apricot and plum at mountainous regions and cultivation management method, and this method makes the graft survival rate height, and harvest is good, for the peasant of arid area provides an economic source.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
Grafting method cleft grafting or cortex grafting;
1, cleft grafting, the time is preceding 5 days that apricot blooms, specific practice is:
With the ansu apricot of the age of tree more than 4 years overhead 10-15 centimetre sawed-off, scabble saw kerf, split down from its section central vertical with chopper, split dark 3-5 centimetre in mouth, scion the higher authorities stay 3-4 bud, and the lower end is whittled into wedge shape, the long 3-5 of bevel centimetre, stock is inserted in the scion of cutting split seam, general slotting two scion make the cambium alignment by a side, use the plastic sheet tighten, on long 15--25 centimetre of usefulness, the wide 10--15 centimetre plastic bag cover, under interface, bind again;
2, cortex grafting, the survival rate height carries out when setting from skin, long 1 centimetre of leaf, specific practice is:
Overhead the 5-10 centimeters is sawed-off with stock, scabble section, the level and smooth one side of choosing is vertically cut an osculum with the stock cortex, and length is than the little weak point of scion bevel, 3-4 bud stayed in the scion upper end, a big inclined-plane is cut in the lower end, and the long 3-5 of bevel centimetre, 1 centimetre on a little inclined-plane is cut at the back side, the scion of cutting is inserted in the middle of xylem and phloem in the stock incision, long bevel is towards xylem, and short bevel is aimed at stock otch center, and scion and stock show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.1 centimetre, generally can connect two scion, stock can connect a plurality of scion when thick, apart from 5-10 centimetre, ties up from bottom to top with plastic strip between the scion, put plastic sack, under interface, bind.
Managing after grafting
1, check survival rate, in time benefit connects, and finds the scion blackening in 10-15 days after grafting, mends from the slotting pico farad of the sawed-off usefulness in otch lower end to connect;
2, put bag in good time,, select cloudy day or post sunset to tear plastic sack, but the plastic sheet of binding is removed 1 year spring when pocket is covered with in scion;
3, smear fork, after ansu apricot was decaptitated, the germinating branch was vigorous, influenced the scion growth, smeared fork when tender apricot branch grows 10-20 centimetre, smeared twice, or else germinating;
4, the piling anti-folding of tying, tree root is powerful after the grafting, and the scion growth is fast, and long during to 30-50 centimetre when scion, piling is tied, and bundle rope position is just not low with regard to height;
5, it is vigorous that beta pruning moulding, scion survive back growth, 30-50 days the long 30-80 of shoot centimetre, and a branch number reaches the 20-30 bar, must in time wipe out, and stays 3-5 branch, the branch pinching that stays impels flower bud differentiation formation, yields positive results in 1 year;
6, weed a garden, tree ground for many years, weedy, have a strong impact on the growth of tree, in conjunction with the timely uproot weeds of beta pruning moulding, guarantee that fruit tree growth is good.
7, miniature water cellar water storage digs 30 centimetres of diameters, dark 100 centimetres water cellar at every tree 1-2 rice, obturage with thick Polypropylence Sheet, open an osculum in Polypropylence Sheet central authorities, rainwater flows in the cellar for storing things when rain is big, osculum is closed automatically behind the rain, and northern rainfall generally concentrates on 7,8, store to receive September expires 3-4 time;
8, insect protected hail suppression is made the bag that differs in size according to the size of tree crown with gauze, and fruit tree puts suitable bag after blooming and pollinating, and fruit does not have worm, no scar, quality better.
The invention has the advantages that: 1, this grafting method is the effective way of increasing peasant income, its small investment, and instant effect, 0.1 yuan of general every number investment entered the full bearing period on the 3rd year with regard to the result in 1 year.2, ansu apricot aboundresources, it is wide to distribute, and ansu apricot is the Asia endemic tree, and particularly the northern China aboundresources grows fine, and divides self-sow, concedes the land to forestry and plant two kinds, and the ansu apricot of conceding the land to forestry is concentrated in flakes, and the age of tree is suitable, and marshalling is fit to the grafting operation.3, technology is easily grasped, through simple training or just instruct can, a technical staff demonstrates and just can learn in 5 minutes, open-air control measures are few, save time, laborsaving, the economic benefit height dropped into income for many years in 1 year.4, the advantage of grafting performance two trees, ansu apricot is bloomed early, makes its harvest seldom as cold in the late spring, and the time harvest of benign climate is not high yet, but its well developed root system, drought-enduring, cold-resistant, impoverishment tolerant; The plum root system is shallow, not drought-enduring, but it is late to bloom, and just is being fit to boreal climate, make its well developed root system with ansu apricot as stock, the advantage of drought-enduring, cold-resistant, impoverishment tolerant keeps, and in conjunction with the plum late advantage of blooming, all has than good harvest in the nonirrigated farmland, the plum fruit sugar content height of the plot grafting that degree of drought is serious, mouthfeel is good, and is moisture few, do not have astringent taste.5, graft technology is reasonable, and survival rate is secure, but this grafting bagging measure insect protected, becalms, keeps off the rain, is incubated, preserves moisture, and makes graft survival rate up to 90%; The low level grafting avoids top-heavy easy to break, make for many years after normal growth still, the wind resistance calamity.6, quality better, northern many mountain and hills form microclimate, and the sunshine time is long, and day and night temperature is big, is fit to sucrose accumulation, and the plum mouthfeel is good, and is painted gorgeous, adopts the bagging insect protected, do not spray insecticide, noresidue, green natural can make fruit price height.
Table 1 grafting wild apricot plum and original ansu apricot economic efficiency contrast table
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: according to the physilogical characteristics of ansu apricot, plum, should be noted that two problems, 1, the ansu apricot growth is slow, and the plum growth is fast, and growth fraction is about 2: 3 and only takes short connecing, on the interface directly branch method, could normal growth, 2, insect-pest, the tender shoots of plum is the cuisines of insect, essential bagging insect protected just can be guaranteed survival rate after connecing.
1, cleft grafting is applicable to that spring, tree did not carry out when skin, this moment is slack season just, and the time is preceding 5 days that apricot blooms, and specific practice is:
With the ansu apricot of the age of tree more than 4 years overhead 10-15 centimetre sawed-off, scabble saw kerf, split down from its section central vertical with chopper, split dark 3-5 centimetre in mouth, scion the higher authorities stay 3-4 bud, and the lower end is whittled into wedge shape, the long 3-5 of bevel centimetre, it is level and smooth that bevel is wanted, and stock inserted in the scion of cutting split seam, generally inserts two scion, make the cambium alignment by a side, with thick slightly plastic sheet tighten, with on 20 centimetres of length, the wide 10 centimetres of plastic bag covers, under interface, bind again;
2, cortex grafting, this method is grasped easily, and the survival rate height carries out when setting from skin, and this moment is busy farming season just, should coordinate labour, working time, and specific practice is:
Overhead the 5-10 centimeters is sawed-off with stock, scabbles section, the level and smooth one side of choosing, the stock cortex is vertically cut an osculum, length is than the little weak point of scion bevel, and the scion upper end stays 3-4 bud, lower end to cut a big inclined-plane, the long 3-5 of bevel centimetre, 1 centimetre on a little inclined-plane is cut at the back side, and the scion of cutting is inserted in the middle of xylem and phloem in the stock incision, and long bevel is towards xylem, short bevel is aimed at stock otch center, and scion and stock show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.1 centimetre, generally can connect two scion, stock can connect a plurality of scion when thick, apart from 5-10 centimetre, ties up from bottom to top with plastic strip between the scion, puts plastic sack, binds under interface.
Managing after grafting
1, check survival rate, the timely benefit connects, and connecing back discovery in 10-15 days scion blackening, inserts the pico farad benefit from the sawed-off usefulness in otch lower end and connects;
2, put bag in good time,, select cloudy day or post sunset to tear plastic sack, but the plastic sheet of binding is removed 1 year spring when pocket is covered with in scion;
3, smear fork, after ansu apricot was decaptitated, the germinating branch was vigorous, influenced the scion growth, smeared fork when tender apricot branch grows 10-20 centimetre, generally smeared twice, or else germinating;
4, the piling anti-folding of tying, tree root is powerful after the grafting, and the scion growth is fast, and long during to 30-50 centimetre when scion, piling is tied, and bundle rope position is just not low with regard to height, and the big windbreak of northern wind is the major reason that influence survival rate, and negligence can not cause with having and lose;
5, it is vigorous that beta pruning moulding, scion survive back growth, 30-50 days the long 30-80 of shoot centimetre, and a branch number reaches the 20-30 bar, must in time wipe out, and stays 3-5 branch, the branch pinching that stays impels flower bud differentiation formation, yields positive results in 1 year;
6, weed a garden, tree ground for many years, weedy, have a strong impact on the growth of tree, in conjunction with the timely uproot weeds of beta pruning moulding, guarantee that fruit tree growth is good;
7, miniature water cellar water storage, 1 meter of every other little tree of number, the age of tree greatly can be far, about 2 meters, dig 30 centimetres of diameters in the minimum point of this scope, dark 100 centimetres water cellar is obturaged with thick Polypropylence Sheet, cut one 2 centimetres of crescent mouths in Polypropylence Sheet central authorities, rainwater flows in the cellar for storing things when rain is big, and osculum is closed automatically behind the rain, and northern rainfall generally concentrates on 7,8, store to receive September expires 3-4 time, rainwater only infiltrates and does not evaporate, and is equivalent to annual rainfall 1000mm and gives security for autumn in the summer water of tree;
8, insect protected hail suppression is made the bag that varies in size according to the size of tree crown with gauze, and fruit tree blooms to pollinate and puts suitable bag, and worm, moth advance not go, and hail does not advance yet, and fruit does not have worm, no scar, quality better, and price is high naturally.
At the Inner Mongol Wengniute Banner, average annual rainfall is 300mm, the knob, and 2005--2009 grafting wild apricot plum survives situation and sees Table 2
Table 2 bagging vermins-proof effect contrast table
| Time | The bagging situation | The grafting area | Survival rate | Upgrowth situation | Benefit (1 year) |
| 2005 | No cover | 100 mu | 10--20 | Grow fine | Substantially do not have |
| 2006 | The cover pouch | 100 mu | 50--60 | Grow fine | 150--200 unit/mu |
| 2007 | The cover pouch | 100 mu | 50--60 | Grow fine | 150--200 unit/mu |
| 2008 | The cover sack | 100 mu | 85-0％ | Grow fine | 300-350 unit/mu |
| 2009 | The cover sack | 10000 mu | 85--90％ | Grow fine |
Bagging is much improved than not overlapping survival rate, promptly long 1525 centimetres of cover sacks, and obviously than long 10 centimetres of pouch, wide 10 centimetres of vermins-proof effects are good for wide 10-15 centimetre plastic sack, vermins-proof effect, and survival rate obviously improves.
Claims (1)
1. grafting wild apricot and plum at mountainous regions and cultivation management method, it is characterized in that: grafting method adopts cleft grafting or cortex grafting;
A, cleft grafting, the time is preceding 5 days that apricot blooms, specific practice is:
With the ansu apricot of the age of tree more than 4 years overhead 10-15 centimetre sawed-off, scabble saw kerf, split down from its section central vertical with chopper, split dark 3-5 centimetre in mouth, scion the higher authorities stay 3-4 bud, and the lower end is whittled into wedge shape, the long 3-5 of bevel centimetre, stock is inserted in the scion of cutting split seam, insert two scion, make the cambium alignment, use the plastic sheet tighten by a side, on long 15--25 centimetre of usefulness, the wide 10--15 centimetre plastic bag cover, under interface, bind again;
B, cortex grafting carry out when setting from skin, long 1 centimetre of leaf, and specific practice is:
Overhead the 5-10 centimeters is sawed-off with stock, scabble section, the level and smooth one side of choosing is vertically cut an osculum with the stock cortex, and length is than the little weak point of scion bevel, 3-4 bud stayed in the scion upper end, a big inclined-plane is cut in the lower end, and the long 3-5 of bevel centimetre, 1 centimetre on a little inclined-plane is cut at the back side, the scion of cutting is inserted in the middle of xylem and phloem in the stock incision, long bevel is towards xylem, and short bevel is aimed at stock otch center, and scion and stock show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.1 centimetre, connect two scion, stock connects a plurality of scion when thick, apart from 5-10 centimetre, ties up from bottom to top with plastic sheet between the scion, put plastic sack, under interface, bind;
Managing after grafting
A, inspection survival rate, in time benefit connects, and finds the scion blackening in 10-15 days after grafting, inserts the pico farad benefit from the sawed-off usefulness in otch lower end and connects;
B, put bag in good time, when pocket is covered with in scion, select cloudy day or post sunset to tear plastic sack, but the plastic sheet of binding is removed 1 year spring;
C, smear fork, after ansu apricot was decaptitated, the germinating branch was vigorous, influence the scion growth, smeared fork when tender apricot branch grows 10-20 centimetre, smeared twice, or else germinated;
D, the piling anti-folding of tying, tree root is powerful after the grafting, and the scion growth is fast, and long during to 30-50 centimetre when scion, piling is tied, and bundle rope position is just not low with regard to height;
It is vigorous that E, beta pruning moulding, scion survive back growth, 30-50 days the long 30-80 of shoot centimetre, and a branch number reaches the 20-30 bar, must in time wipe out, and stays 3-5 branch, the branch pinching that stays impels flower bud differentiation formation, yields positive results in 1 year;
F, weed a garden, tree ground for many years, weedy, have a strong impact on the growth of tree, in conjunction with the timely uproot weeds of beta pruning moulding, guarantee that fruit tree growth is good;
G, miniature water cellar water storage dig 30 centimetres of diameters at every tree 1-2 rice, and dark 100 centimetres water cellar is obturaged with thick Polypropylence Sheet, opens an osculum in Polypropylence Sheet central authorities;
H, insect protected hail suppression are made the bag that differs in size according to the size of tree crown with gauze, and fruit tree puts suitable bag after blooming and pollinating.
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