CN101472469B - 用于监视家畜状况的方法及系统 - Google Patents

用于监视家畜状况的方法及系统 Download PDF

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CN101472469B
CN101472469B CN2007800226970A CN200780022697A CN101472469B CN 101472469 B CN101472469 B CN 101472469B CN 2007800226970 A CN2007800226970 A CN 2007800226970A CN 200780022697 A CN200780022697 A CN 200780022697A CN 101472469 B CN101472469 B CN 101472469B
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托比·莫特雷姆
保罗·爱德华·乔治·戴弗林
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Abstract

用于监视家畜状况的方法及系统,包括多个用于感测牲口多种不同动作参数的传感器(115、103、113、111、107、105)。感测数据由装置(115)无线传输至中央处理器(119);且基于所传输的感测数据,例如开始分娩、繁殖情形及其它健康情形状况,该牲口的多种情形状况被判定。装置(115)能够永久地配戴在牲口身上且可将该牲口情形状况的电子档案记录保留下来。

Description

用于监视家畜状况的方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于监视家畜状况的方法和系统。特别地,它涉及远程监视家畜的动作及生理状态,以确定它们的安康、健康和生育状况。
背景技术
伴随着人们对家畜健康意识的增强,以及由于劣质的繁殖管理而引起的重大损失,迫使畜牧产业要保持准确的家畜档案记录。随着农场规模的增大,畜牧业者要保存家畜档案记录和追踪个体牲口的状况,将变得愈加困难。现在有很多公知的的系统,可用电子方式标记牲口,以达到识别身份等目的。牲口身份识别数据保存在一个小装置中,该装置以颈圈、耳朵标签或注射型收发机,或其它类似物品的方式系在牲口上。数据可在固定或移动的场所,并根据需要从该装置导出。
众所周知,可利用这样的标签来收集与牲口行为有关的数据,例如美国专利US5857434。美国专利US 5857434披露了对乳牛发情期的检测。装在牲口颈圈上的收发机检测牲口的活动状况。在发情期间,牲口变得焦躁不安且在四周活动得更频繁。这些骤增的活动被检测,并随牲口的身份识别数据一起被传输到一个中央处理器。然后对数据进行处理和分析,以确定是否检测出发情信息;并向畜牧业者公布。收发机仅仅用于收集牲口的活动数据,所收集到的数据还要进行传输和中央处理。收发机并不检测发情信息。况且,它仅监视牲口的一种状况-发情状态,系统并不提供其它与健康状况有关的数据。
此外,有些现有系统则要求在牲口身上植入传感器,这会使牲口痛苦且要求兽医的外科手术熟练。而且,这种植入到牲口身体的形式,也限制了从牲口身上传输信息给畜牧业者使用的能力。
更进一步地,现有的系统,例如在英国专利GB 2347503和加拿大专利CA 1296068中所披露的,包括一系列用于监视牲口的生理参数以确定牲口健康状况的传感器。然而,为了监视生理参数,这些系统要求复杂的且足够敏感的传感器具,从而使系统总体造价很昂贵,因此在农场中,将其用于监视一大群牲口中的所有牲口是不切实际的。
而且由于这些系统的复杂性,他们需要专业人员,例如兽医的协助,对系统进行设置、编程、维护的工作,这对于极其大量的牲口来说,是不切实际的。更进一步地,畜牧业者传统上是依靠眼睛观察来监视牲口的健康状况,因而像这样的监视生理参数系统,由系统指示确定牲口的状况,对畜牧业者来说是不够直观的,因此这就使得畜牧业者很难去检验该系统的准确性。
更进一步,在监视家畜的状况时,对牛、羊、马和猪健康状态进行监视的关键时期就是即将分娩前和分娩后这一时期。目前并没有系统披露在这时期的详细监视情况。
目前,并没有系统能够应付任何状况,这些状况是基于监视家畜而得知的,且对改善牲口健康状态和繁殖情形的监视是必须的。监视仍然采用人工视觉观察,如同最早的牲口驯养那样。然而,人们现在越来越渴望有更好的家畜管理,尤其是在家畜即将分娩前和分娩后那段时期,对家畜的健康监视,以减少因难产、低血钙症和其它疾病导致的损失。
人们也愈加渴望减少花费在牲口上的不必要的兽医检查时间,更进一步,人们也渴望能够对子宫炎和跛足等病症提供早期介入,从而改善诸如乳牛这样的牲口的健康和潜在的生产力,以及提供改进的发情状况检测。
随着农场规模的增大,依靠传统的人工观察技术以确定牲口的健康状况,对畜牧业者来说已变得日益困难和不切实际。因此,对真正有实用价值的监视系统的需求便日益增大。
发明内容
本发明寻求对有关家畜(例如牛、羊、猪、马等等)状况的多种参数提供远程的、连续的监视,减低了上面提及的现有技术的不足。
从本发明的一方面来看,这完全可以用监视家畜状况的方法来实现。该方法如下包括步骤:感测目标的多个方向及移动参数;从该感测的多个方向及移动参数推导该目标的多个不同动作参数;从该推导出的动作参数确定该目标的多个情形状况;以及将该确定的多个情形状况无线传输至中央计算机。
从本发明的另一方面来看,这还可以用监视家畜状况的系统来实现。该系统包括:多个用于感测目标的多种方向及移动参数的传感器;用于从该感测的多个方向及移动参数推导出该目标的多个不同动作参数、并确定该目标的多个情形状况的处理装置;至少一个将该确定的多个情形状况无线传输至中央计算机的发射机。
进一步地,从本发明的再另一方面来看,这还可以用监视家畜状态的设备来实现。该设备包括将该设备附到目标上的装置;多个用于感测该目标多个方向及移动参数的传感器;用于从该感测的多个方向及移动参数推导出该目标的多个不同动作参数、并确定该目标的多个情形状况的处理装置;以及用于将该确定的多个情形状况无线传输至中央计算机的收发机。
在这里,动作参数是指那些与目标的动作有关的参数,特别是关系到目标对所受刺激或所处环境所作出的行为及反应的参数。
戴在目标(牲口)身上的监视器整理和处理数据,这些数据是关于家畜的检测参数。该监视器可传输数据,例如,通过本地局域网将数据传输至处理器,也可以通过无线通信方式连接到中央数据处理器和存储设备。数据可以存储在供畜牧业者使用的本地数据库中;也可以存储在国家或兽医健康信息数据库中,以便于广泛的参考和分析。在检测参数的基础上,根据牲口总体状况的迹象,就能够推导出牲口的多种状态,例如发情、开始分娩、跛足、疾病状态。由于本系统监视动作参数,降低了复杂性,且所监视的牲口的行为举动能够容易地让畜牧业者通过人工观察来确认,使本系统的使用更直观,因而增加了畜牧业者对本系统的信心。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中,系统包括一套附在牲口上的传感器网络。传感器可以放置在颈圈、头圈、耳朵标签、尾巴附着物或粘附在牲口皮肤上的贴片或其中的任意组合中。因此传感器是以非植入性的方式系在牲口身上。传感器可以采用总线结构连接,以便按需求轻易增加和移除传感器。进一步地,传感器可以重复使用。
传感器可以测量位置、移动、声音和光的变化。戴在牲口身上的监视器也可以包含用于收集、处理信息和控制通信的处理器,处理器内的软件,收发机和记录传感器数据的存储设备。
戴在牲口身上的监视器与外部天线通信,该外部天线可以包括在不同位置设置的分布式天线网络。该天线可以将数据无线下载到一个本地计算机系统,该本地计算机系统包含了家畜管理数据库,该数据库可被分析且提供家畜当前及预测的行为/状况。所述分析是基于能够远程更新的生理模型。
因此,本发明的系统提供有效的家畜管理和兽医协助,以便对诸如繁殖情形、分娩等状况早期进行预测和采取相应的行动,以及在早期检测出牲口的跛足病症。
本系统通过与国家级或其它级别的数据库连接,可以毫不费力地进行拓展,以预测疾病的发生及流行病的传播。
本系统还有多种手段向家畜管理者提供家畜状况的预测,这包括移动电话信息,计算机屏幕显示和挤奶房屏幕显示。
利用无线通信协议,例如蓝牙或者Zigbee,可以将数据从戴在牲口身上的监视器装置下载到分布式外部天线网络。优选地,该天线可设置在家畜的聚集地点附近,例如进食区域,水槽,等等。数据可以传输到本地处理器上,本地处理器对数据进行分析,并向畜牧业者提供信息,和/或上传汇总数据到地区级或国家级数据库中,其中这些数据将会建立起相互关联的关系。
本发明的系统可用于检测即将发生的分娩、像跛足那样的疾病以及繁殖情形,其目的是利用一个身体传感器网络来判定其动作和生理指示,以及随后状况发生的时间。牲口的多种参数被戴在牲口上的监视器装置电子记录下来,其中监视装置能够跟任何有相应装备的车辆、市场交易场所以及屠宰场通信,以便随着牲口在人类食物链的移动,监视它们的健康状态。监视装置的佩戴件被设计成极为耐用,因此它可以根据需要,在一个长久的连续时期让牲口戴上,例如,让牲口终生戴着。监视装置可以记录牲口的健康状况,然后,这些存储在监视装置内的档案记录永久地附于该牲口上,也就是说,它将终生配戴在该牲口身上。所存储的数据可以包括,例如,出生日期,出生地点,随后的哺乳期,分娩日期,以前的或预测的健康事件等等。
监视装置可以是一个“小巧”的装置,它将若干个传感器、通用的通信基础结构以及若干个动作模型集于一体。本发明的装置可以集合多样化的传感器,该多样化的传感器将动作的和生理的分析集于一体以便监视家畜特定状况,从而允许多个状态同时被监视。
更进一步,根据本发明的另外一个方面,这种监视可以通过用于保存家畜状况的电子档案的设备来完成。该设备包括:用于存储目标状况的多个记录的存储装置,永久地将本设备附于所述目标的装置。进一步,一些或全部监视器的电子档案将存储在外置存储装置内,例如农场或国家数据库,且可以永久地与本地监视器的电子档案保持联系。
这样,牲口多方面的状况就由配戴在牲口上的监视装置电子记录下来,其中监视装置能够跟任何有相应装备的车辆、市场交易场所以及屠宰场通信,以便随着牲口在人类食物链的移动,监视它们的健康状态。由于牲口终生都要附上这监视装置,因此监视装置永久地配戴在牲口身上。监视装置可以记录牲口的健康状况,然后,这些存储在监视装置内的档案记录永久地隶属于该牲口。在监视装置内所存储的数据可以包括,例如,出生日期,出生地点,随后的哺乳期,分娩日期,以前的或预测的健康事件等等。
监视装置还可以接收来自中央计算机的数据,例如从被感测数据推导得到的状况数据、任何环境数据、人工输入的状态数据(例如实际的分娩日期和其它由畜牧业者观察记录下来的健康问题)及可对监视装置改编程序的编程数据。
附图说明
为了彻底理解本发明,下面将结合附图作出详细的描述以供参考,其中:
图1为本发明一个具体实施例中系统的结构示意图;
图2为本发明一个具体实施例中戴在牲口身上的设备的模块结构示意图;
图3为本发明一个具体实施例的方法流程图;
图4为本发明一个具体实施例中方法的感测步骤流程图;以及
图5a、5b和5c为本发明一个具体实施例的一个状况监视例子的曲线图。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示,根据本发明一个具体实施例,其系统包括系在牲口脖子上的套圈101,监视装置115装在脖子套圈101上。虽然在本实施例中,装置115固定在一个脖子套圈上,但该装置同样也可以装在任何便利的固定部件上,例如耳朵标签103、头部套圈105、腿部附着物107或者带状物(未示出)、皮肤贴109及111、吞下的丸制品113,或者这些附加物或套圈101代替物的任何一个。装置115附在牲口身上实现连续不断的监视。监视装置的佩戴件应该极为耐用,以保证其可附着于牲口身体上一段连续时期,在某些情况下,甚至附着在牲口的一生中。尽管如图示,套圈系在母牛的脖子上,但很容易想到它也能够系在任何其它的牲口上,例如奶牛、肉牛、水牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、马等等。
套圈101稳固地系在牲口脖子上,因此当牲口头部在较大范围内上下移动,例如当牲口进食或喝水时,套圈不会沿着牲口脖子滑动。套圈101必须安全系稳,避免牲口在进行诸如在柱子上摩擦、撞击饲料槽上护栅的栅栏等正常活动时造成意外伤亡。套圈101的固定件可以是搭扣、滑动式夹子等。所述固定件可以包括半拉紧装置,用以维持一个预先设定的拉紧度,从而确保准确系紧套圈。
装置115可以安装在套圈101上,或者作为套圈101的一部分。套圈101进一步包括天线(未示出),该天线可以包含在装置115内或套圈101内。装置115包括多个至少用于监视动作参数的传感器201、203、205,也包括用于监视生理参数的传感器,如图2所示。
图2示意了3个传感器,一个3-D加速计201,一个定位仪(例如GPS)203和一个麦克风205。无论如何,我们可以用很多种传感器,例如:电磁的传感器或场效应的传感器,像霍尔效应传感器或者对地距离传感器。
这个设备还可以进一步包括监视套圈对地距离的装置。这个装置可以与一个传感器组合在一起,用来指示牲口脖子的正常位置。套圈对地距离能够提供一个牲口站立还是躺着的指示。这可以包含一个系在套圈上,位于牲口脖子下面的距离传感器,该距离传感器用于指示在一个呈垂直或接近垂直方向的角度时,该距离传感器的位置离地面的垂直距离,我们考虑把牲口脖子正常静止时的数值作为中值。
对脖子方向的感测可以使用倾角仪、提供几何信息的倾斜或磁强传感器来完成;设置在套圈上并处于牲口脖子下面的任何固定距离测量设备可以简便地对一系列认可的方向进行核实,从而提供脖子离地面的有效距离。可以使用廉价的距离测量传感器,例如超声波距离测量传感器,当测量固定参考点到不同地面(例如草地、稻草垫、混凝土地面等等)的距离时,超声波距离测量传感器具有尚可的测量精度。
有时候,辨别牲口站立和躺下的能力对确定该牲口的状态是没有价值的。例如,在分娩期间,知晓牲口临产后快速站起来才是重要的,这一状况指明母亲能够照料和洁净它的后代。
这个设备可以进一步包括多个位于装置115外壳之外的在牲口身上其它地方的遥感器207,例如用于测量体温、湿度、生物液体PH值、生理过程的电势能、霍尔效应的传感器,测量血液循环、血液含氧量、发声及呼吸作用、呼吸及唾液量、环境温度及湿度的光学传感器。这些遥感器可以在所吞下的丸制品113,或皮肤贴109及111上找到。附加的遥感器可以包含在耳朵标签103、头部套圈105和/或腿部附着物107内。在另一种结构中,装置115可以装在耳朵标签103、头部套圈105或腿部附着物107等上。
装置115进一步包括分别通过模数转换器211_1、211_2、211_3与传感器201、203、205连接的本地处理器209。所述多个遥感器207通过如短波无线电那样的无线链接与处理器209连接。遥感器207的输出分别被各自的模数转换器(未示出)数字化。装置115可以进一步包括预处理装置(未示出),用于在传输前对传感器的输出进行处理,例如滤波。
每一个遥感器207都有一个与特定牲口关联的唯一标识,从而避免遥感器附着到邻近的牲口上,并由本地处理器接收和处理数据。
装置115进一步包括与处理器209连接的本地存储设备213、电源215和无线收发设备217。电源215可以包括可更换或可重复充电的电池。装置115还包括便于操作的电池盒,方便电池的更换。
传感器201、203、205和207可以通过总线结构连接,从而使附加传感器能够因需求而增加或移除。优选地传感器可以重复使用,因此可以对它们重新编程,也可以将它们系到另一牲口上等等。
该系统进一步包括至少一个固定天线117。天线117设置在农场的一个区域内,并预计牲口一天至少有一次会到该区域或附近,从而使装置115所收集的数据能够被下载下来。天线117的位置可以设定在诸如挤奶房或饮水槽或饲料槽的入口或出口上。天线也可以成为分布式天线网络的一部分,该网络设置在诸如饮水槽、棚、挤奶房等不同场所。数据下载可能会按要求以不同的频率进行,例如,如果输出的感应数据指示牲口处于不适状态,本系统能通过天线117请求更频繁的下载。此外,当预产期临近时,下载可以更频繁,比如说每隔三小时下载一次,这是有可能发生的,因为许多牲口在即将分娩时都关在围栏内,因而它们可以在至少一条天线附近,以便于频繁的数据下载。
本系统还包括连接有显示器和打印机的本地计算机119。本地计算机119通过英特网远程连接到国家数据库121上。本地计算机119还可以向诸如移动电话或掌上计算机之类的手持式电子设备123输出数据。本地计算机119向天线117提供2通道传输,因此畜牧业者可以对装置115进行重新编程或者重新设置,装置115也可以自动地进行程序更新,从而请求更频繁的下载。此外,计算机119、天线117和装置115之间的2通道传输允许其它数据输入到装置115。
参见图3和图4,本设备的运作将得到更详尽的描述。
传感器201、203、205和207连续地监视牲口的多种动作(和生理)参数。传感器201、203、205和207的数字化输出经处理器209核对后存储在本地存储器213内。在预先设定的时间间隔内或在天线105附近对装置115进行检测的基础上,在那个时间间隔内所核对的数据被收发机217传输到天线117。接着这些数据被传输到本地的农场计算机119上。农场计算机119凭借可能存储在牲口耳朵标签103内的该牲口唯一标识为每一牲口存储档案记录。这个标识实际上可以跟牲口的特定电子法定身份联系起来。从天线117下载数据是按天进行的,农场记录可以自动更新,向畜牧业者提供每一牲口最新动态。更新后的牲口情形也可以被传送而存储在装置115的本地存储器213内,因此万一该牲口离开农场时,该数据也能够从装置115上下载。存储在农场计算机119和/或装置115的本地存储器213内的数据,可以包括牲口的唯一标识、数据分析后最后更新的当前状况,例如未生育过、怀孕、哺乳期、哺乳的次数、授乳的天数、跛足、预产期、预计下一次发情(繁殖情形)、可疑的疾病。
指示牲口动作情形301的多种传感器输出数据经天线117由计算机系统119接收。该数据与感测输出的参考生理数据模型和动作情形301进行比较。3-D加速计201记录牲口头部三维方向的移动。该数据由农场计算机119分析,以指示动作模式,例如躺着、站立、走路模式401所花费的时间以及进食或喝水模式403所花费的时间。麦克风205记录由牲口发出的声音,这些声音经分析可指示在进食、反刍(在反刍的情况下)及其声响行为403所花费的时间,另外也可指示呼吸速率和心跳速率。定位仪203提供牲口的位置405。同时也监视其相对位置407。位置数据经分析可指示牲口是否跟成群牲口在一起或者是否跟得上成群牲口,这可以显示牲口的健康问题。这些只是举例,而且许多附加的感测输入经分析可以对牲口的动作情形301提供附加的输入数据。例如,附加遥感器207可以包括监视肌肉或肌肉群的状态改变,或肌肉收缩程度,例如电子的子宫X射线照片(EHG),胎儿心脏速率,体温和血液氧含量。
在一个特定的实施例中,加速计201的输出信息用以指示牲口头部的移动,且与定位仪203的输出信息相结合,用以指示牲口何时低头进食或喝水。不正常的进食或喝水模式能够表明该牲口的生病和/或不适。如果在进食过程中,其头部运动是充满活力的,那么可表明该牲口是健康的。我们可以根据喂食食物的形式及种类、以及牲口的年龄,去设定牲口头部运动频率的界限值,如果头部运动的频率高于界限值,表明牲口是健康的,而低于频率界限值时,表明牲口生病了。
传感器201、203、205的输出日期还可以用于预测例如发情之类的繁殖情形。经观察发现,很多牲口在该时期都会改变它们的动作模式。通常它们会变得更加活跃、躁动和更加不安。加速计和定位仪会表明牲口提高了行走活跃程度。它相对于其它牲口的位置也提供了繁殖情形的指示。
牲口的动作情形301也能够被用于指示大致的健康状况303,例如分娩的预测、以及接下来的哺乳期、标志小牲口未来健康状况的胎儿心脏速率,与健康模式相违的情形检测,低血钙症的检测,难产、分娩、子宫炎、跛足、酸中毒、酮血病以及诸如发情等繁殖情形305的检测。通过农场计算机119,附加输入信息可以由畜牧业者经人工输入307和/或监测牛奶生产的牛奶传感器309提供。还可以考虑诸如环境感测数据之类的其它输入,例如由其它渠道提供的温度、湿度及天气状况。健康状态303及繁殖情形305的输出信息,可通过显示器或打印机提供给畜牧业者,以便为诸如授精、检验等之类的行动311作准备。这样,本系统就向畜牧业者提供了一种高效方式,以通告每一牲口的多种情形状况,使畜牧业者能较好地掌握其家畜的状况,以助他管理好喂养、定位、家畜草垫准备、矿物供应、药物需求等工作。本系统提供的预测也使畜牧业者更容易管理农场资源等等。本系统可以提供一个警报系统用于指示例如分娩困难之类的紧急状况,或者指示一些严重疾病,例如低血钙症和低血镁症,这些严重疾病需要立即引起畜牧业者的关注。
如图5所示,显示了一个以跛足为例,由本发明实施例所监测到的状况。跛足,尤其对奶牛来说,是难以解决的,因此对奶牛的这种状况进行监测是人们高度渴望的。
如图5a所示,牲口正常的步态主要体现在其节奏平滑的头部运动,而这可由加速计传感器201检测。然而,对一头跛足的牲口来说,该头部运动则是骤变的且不平稳的,如图5b所示。这个输出信息将由农场计算机进行分析,例如对异常奇点进行计数,或者测量倾斜面的变化,或对均方根(RMS)下的区域进行积分运算,或对频率数据进行快速傅立叶变换(FFT),从而检测异常现象,如图5c所示。众多的数学方法可以利用到对数据的分析中,且能够从中获得其特征。
尽管本发明方法和系统的一个优选实施例已经在附图和以上的详细描述中加以了阐明,但应该明白,本发明并不局限于所披露的例子,而且在不脱离本发明权利要求范围的情况下,还可以有很多种变化和改动。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于监视家畜状况的方法,该方法包括步骤:
感测目标的多个方向及移动参数;
从所述感测的多个方向及移动参数推导所述目标的多个不同动作参数;
从所述推导出的动作参数确定所述目标的多个情形状况,所述情形状况包括繁殖、发情、即将发生的分娩的预测中的至少一种情形;以及
将数据无线传输至中央计算机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述多个不同动作参数包括至少下列参数中的2个:
所述目标的步行行为;
所述目标的站立行为;
所述目标的躺着行为;
所述目标的确凿位置;
所述目标相对于其它目标的相对位置;
所述目标的进食行为;以及
所述目标的喝水行为。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于该方法进一步包括步骤:
感测所述目标的至少一个生理参数;
基于所述推导出的动作参数和所述至少一个感测生理参数,确定其中所述的多个情形状况。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述的至少一个生理参数包括下列参数之一:
呼吸速率;心脏速率;心脏速率的变化;体温;呼吸量;唾液量;至少一块肌肉和/或一个肌肉群状态的改变;至少一块肌肉和/或一个肌肉群收缩的程度;以及电子肌动图。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述确定的状况进一步包括:跛足;传染病;以及营养失调。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于该方法进一步包括:将所述目标的所述确定的情形状况数据永久地存储在一个装置中,所述装置附在目标上。
7.一种用于监视家畜状况的系统,该系统包括:
多个用于感测目标的多种方向及移动参数的传感器;
处理器,该处理器可从所述感测的多个方向及移动参数推导出所述目标的多个不同动作参数,并从所述推导的动作参数确定所述目标的多个情形状况,所述情形状况包括繁殖、发情、即将发生的分娩的预测中的至少一种情形;
至少一个将数据无线传输至中央计算机的发射机。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于所述多个传感器附在所述目标上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统,其特征在于所述多个传感器是非植入地附在所述目标上。
10.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于所述多个传感器中,至少有一个是可重复利用的。
11.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于所述多个传感器连接在一个网络中。
12.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于该系统进一步包括至少一条用于接收所传输的数据的固定天线。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其特征在于被天线接收的所传输的数据被下载至所述中央计算机。
14.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于该系统进一步包括至少一个用于从所述中央计算机接收数据的接收机。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统,其特征在于所述被接收的数据包括所述确定的多个情形状况数据和/或环境数据和/或人工输入的情形状况数据和/或编程数据。
16.一种用于监视家畜状况的设备,该设备包括:
用于将该设备附到目标上的附着装置;
多个用于感测目标的多个方向及移动参数的传感器;
处理器,该处理器可从所述感测的多个方向及移动参数推导出所述目标的多个不同动作参数、并确定所述目标的多个情形状况,所述情形状况包括繁殖、发情、即将发生的分娩的预测中的至少一种情形;以及
将数据无线传输至中央计算机的收发机。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其特征在于所述多个传感器非植入地附在所述目标上。
18.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其特征在于所述多个传感器中,至少有一个是可重复利用的。
19.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其特征在于所述多个传感器连接在一个网络中。
20.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其特征在于该设备可远程编程。
21.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其特征在于所述将该设备附到目标上的装置包括套圈、耳朵标签、缰绳、带状物、尾巴标签或胶粘贴。
22.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其特征在于所述收发机从所述中央计算机接收数据。
23.根据权利要求22所述的设备,其特征在于所接收的数据包括情形状况和/或环境数据和/或人工输入的情形状况数据和/或编程数据。
24.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其特征在于所述设备进一步包括:用于存储所述目标的情形状况数据的存储装置。
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