CN101443287A - 夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃 - Google Patents

夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃 Download PDF

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CN101443287A
CN101443287A CNA2007800172504A CN200780017250A CN101443287A CN 101443287 A CN101443287 A CN 101443287A CN A2007800172504 A CNA2007800172504 A CN A2007800172504A CN 200780017250 A CN200780017250 A CN 200780017250A CN 101443287 A CN101443287 A CN 101443287A
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laminated glass
intermediate coat
use intermediate
pugging
protective layer
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CN101443287B (zh
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宫井二郎
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供鉴于上述现状,驾驶人能够在不降低视线的情况下同时视觉辨认前方视野和计量仪表显示的上升显示器等中尤其适合使用的、隔音性优越的夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃。本发明是一种夹层玻璃用中间膜,其特征在于,由至少一对保护层和被所述一对保护层夹持的隔音层构成,该夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面形状为楔形,断面的楔角θ为0.1~0.7mrad,最大厚度为2000μm以下,最小厚度为400μm以上,所述隔音层的最小厚度为20μm以上。

Description

夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及尤其适合使用于驾驶人能够在不降低视线的情况下同时视觉辨认前方视野和计量仪表显示的上升显示器(head up display)等的、隔音性优越的夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃。
背景技术
在汽车、航空机等的前面,作为所谓的挡风玻璃,通常使用由两片对置的板状玻璃、和夹在其间的夹层玻璃用中间膜构成的夹层玻璃。
近年来,出于安全性提高的观点考虑,例如,关于汽车用挡风玻璃,在与该挡风玻璃相同的视野内,将作为汽车行驶数据的速度信息等计量仪表显示显示为上升显示器(HUD)的期望正在变高。
作为HUD的机构,至今开发了各种方式的机构。例如为如下方式,即:在挡风玻璃表面没有HUD显示部,将从控制单元发送的速度信息等从安装·面板的显示单元向挡风玻璃反射,由此使驾驶人以与挡风玻璃相同的位置(即,同一视野内)视觉辨认。在这样的方式的机构中,构成挡风玻璃的夹层玻璃由两片平行的玻璃构成,因此,存在反映于驾驶人的视野的计量仪表显示显示为双重的缺点。
针对这样的问题,在专利文献1中开发了使用具有规定的楔角的楔形的夹层玻璃用中间膜的夹层玻璃。
这样的夹层玻璃通过调节楔角,能够在驾驶人的视野内将由一方的玻璃反射的计量仪表显示、和由另一方的玻璃反射的计量仪表显示连结在一点,能够解决计量仪表显示显示为双重的以往的问题,并且,不会妨碍驾驶人的视场。
然而,这样的夹层玻璃特别是存在隔音性差的问题。
【专利文献1】日本特表平4—502525号公报
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供鉴于上述现状,驾驶人能够在不降低视线的情况下同时视觉辨认前方视野和计量仪表显示的上升显示器等中尤其适合使用的、隔音性优越的夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃。
本发明是一种夹层玻璃用中间膜,其特征在于,由至少一对保护层和被所述一对保护层夹持的隔音层构成,该夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面形状为楔形,断面的楔角θ为0.1~0.7mrad,最大厚度为2000μm以下,最小厚度为400μm以上,所述隔音层的最小厚度为20μm以上。
以下,详细说明本发明。
本发明人等对使用了楔形夹层玻璃用中间膜的夹层玻璃的隔音性差的原因进行了专心致志的研究结果,发现是因为夹层玻璃用中间膜具有楔角,因此,形成楔角的端的厚度比另一方的端极端地薄,声音的振动从薄的部分向车内传递而导致的。另外发现仅通过将夹层玻璃用中间膜中形成楔角的端的厚度加厚为不传递的声音的振动的程度,不能解决在驾驶人的视野中反映的计量仪表显示双重地显示的问题。因此,进而进行专心致志的研究结果,发现具有一定厚度的隔音层和保护层,具有一定的范围的楔角和特定的形状的夹层玻璃用中间膜克服轻量化或成本等问题,同时,具有充分的隔音性、耐贯通性,且驾驶人能够在不降低视线的情况下同时视觉辨认前方视野和速度显示等,能够适合使用于上升显示器中。这样,完成了本发明。
本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜包括至少一对保护层和夹持在所述一对保护层的隔音层。
所述隔音层的最小厚度的下限为20μm。若小于20μm,则得不到充分的隔音性能。优选的下限为30μm,更优选的下限为40μm。另外,优选的上限为300μm,更优选的上限为200μm。
隔音层越厚,越得到高的隔音性能。所述隔音层的断面形状考虑成形面上的容易度等而可以为楔形。在夹层玻璃用中间膜的隔音层为楔形的情况下,具有在夹层玻璃中不产生气泡的优越的脱气性能。
还有,在本说明书中,楔形是指“一端宽,且随着朝向另一端而变窄的形状”。作为具体的形状,可以举出梯形或三角形。
另外,隔音层在局部具有着色带也可。
所述着色带例如可以通过在挤出成形所述隔音层时,向层内插入配合了着色剂的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂等,进行挤出成形而得到。
作为所述隔音层,不特别限定,但例如,优选使用增塑剂和聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂而成。
作为所述增塑剂,不特别限定,但例如,可以举出一碱价有机酸酯、多碱价有机酸酯等有机增塑剂、有机磷酸酯、有机亚磷酸酯等有机磷酸酯增塑剂等。
作为所述一碱价有机酸酯增塑剂,不特别限定,但例如,可以举出通过三乙二醇、四乙二醇、三丙二醇等二醇、和丁酸、异丁酸、己酸、2—乙基丁酸、庚酸、正辛酸、2—乙基己酸、壬酸(正壬酸)、癸酸等一碱价有机酸的反应得到的二醇酯。其中,适合的是,三乙二醇二己酸酯、三乙二醇二—2—乙基丁酸酯、三乙二醇二正辛酸酯、三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)等三乙二醇酯。
作为所述多碱价有机酸酯增塑剂,不特别限定,但例如,可以举出通过碳原子数4~8的直链状或支链状醇、和己二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸等多碱价有机酸的反应得到的酯等。其中,二丁基癸二酸酯、二辛基壬二酸酯、二丁基卡必醇己二酸酯。
作为所述一碱价有机酸酯增塑剂,不特别限定,但例如,可以举出三丁氧基乙基磷酸酯、异癸基苯基磷酸酯、三异丙基磷酸酯等。
在所述增塑剂中,也尤其适合使用三乙二醇二—2—乙基丁酸酯、三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)。
作为所述隔音层中的所述增塑剂的含量,不特别限定,但通过含有大量增塑剂,软化树脂层,吸收声音引起的振动,从而能够具有更高的隔音性,因此,相对于聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,优选的下限为40重量份,优选的上限为80重量份。若小于40重量份,则有时5000Hz左右的音域的隔音性变得不充分,若大于80重量份,则发生增塑剂的渗出,降低夹层玻璃用中间膜的透明性或粘接性,有时得到的夹层玻璃的光学变形可能变大。更优选的下限为50重量份,更优选的上限为70重量份。
作为所述聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂,不特别限定,但所述隔音层如上所述地含有大量增塑剂,因此,优选对大量的增塑剂的亲合性高。尤其,适合使用缩醛基的碳原子数为4~5且乙酰化度为4~30摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂,或缩醛基的碳原子数为6~10的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂,或缩醛化度为70~85摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂。
所述聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂通过用醛将聚乙烯醇进行缩醛化而得到,通常相对于作为主链的乙烯链,具有缩醛基、乙酰基、和羟基作为侧链。
所述聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂的制造原料即聚乙烯醇的平均聚合度的优选的下限为200,优选的上限为5000。若小于200,则夹层玻璃用中间膜的耐贯通性可能变差,若大于5000,则在作为轿车的挡风玻璃使用时,强度有时变得过高。更优选的下限为500,更优选的上限为4000,更优选的下限为1000,更优选的上限为3500。
作为在配制所述缩醛基的碳原子数为4~5的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂时使用的碳原子数4~5的醛,不特别限定,但例如,可以举出正丁醛、异丁醛、戊醛等。这些醛可以单独使用,也可以合用两种以上。其中,适合的是正丁醛、异丁醛。尤其,优选使用正丁醛。通过使用正丁醛,各层间的粘接强度变得更强。另外,可以通过与通用的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂相同的方法来合成树脂。
在所述缩醛基的碳原子数为4~5的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂中,乙酰化度的优选的下限为4摩尔%,优选的上限为30摩尔%。若小于4摩尔%,则有时不能充分发挥隔音性能,若大于30摩尔%,则醛的反应率有时显著降低。更优选的下限为8摩尔%,更优选的上限为24摩尔%,更优选的下限为10摩尔%。
还有,乙酰化度是乙酰基结合的乙烯基量的平均值除以主链的总乙烯量求出的摩尔分率。
在所述缩醛基的碳原子数为4~5的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂中,乙酰化度的优选的下限为40摩尔%,优选的上限为69摩尔%。若小于40摩尔%,则与增塑剂的相溶性变差,有时不能添加发挥隔音性能所需的量的增塑剂。另外,乙酰化度超过69摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂的制造效率低,且高价。更优选的下限为50摩尔%,更优选的上限为68摩尔%。
在所述缩醛基的碳原子数为4~5的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂中,使用将聚乙烯醇利用碳原子数4的醛或碳原子数5的醛进行缩醛化得到的两种以上的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂的混合物也可。另外,使用利用以不超过30重量%的范围含有碳原子数4~5的醛以外的醛的醛混合物进行乙酰化得到的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂也可。
作为配制所述缩醛基的碳原子数为6~10的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂时使用的碳原子数6~10的醛,不特别限定,例如,可以举出正己基醛、2—乙基丁醛、正庚基醛、正辛醛、正壬醛、正癸醛、苯甲醛、肉桂醛等脂肪族、芳香族或脂肪环族醛。这些醛可以单独使用,也可以合用两种以上。其中,优选使用碳原子数6~8的醛。
还有,若醛的碳原子数大于10,则得到的聚乙烯乙缩醛的刚性低,且隔音性有时差。
在所述乙酰化度为70~85摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂中,乙酰化度的优选的下限为70摩尔%,优选的上限为85摩尔%。若小于70摩尔%,则有时不能充分发挥隔音性能,若大于85摩尔%,则配制聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂时使用的醛的反应率显著降低。更优选的下限为72摩尔%,更优选的上限为82摩尔%。
还有,乙酰化度是乙酰基结合的乙烯基量的平均值除以主链的总乙烯量求出的摩尔分率。
作为所述聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂的制造方法,不特别限定,例如,可以举出将聚乙烯醇溶解于热水中,将得到的聚乙烯醇水溶液保持在规定的温度,然后向其中添加所述醛和催化剂,进行缩醛化反应,然后,在规定温度下高温保持反应液后,经过中和、水洗、干燥的各工序,得到树脂粉末的方法等。
所述隔音层由一对保护层夹持。
所述保护层防止含于隔音层的大量的增塑剂渗出,夹层玻璃用中间膜和玻璃的粘接性降低的情况。另外,具有向得到的夹层玻璃用中间膜赋予耐贯通性的作用。另外,具有将作为夹层玻璃用中间膜整体的形状向楔形调节的作用。
作为所述保护层的厚度,将夹层玻璃用中间膜整体调节为如上所述的的范围的厚度即可,不特别限定。
还有,所述一对保护层的断面形状优选楔形或楔形和矩形的组合。
作为所述保护层,不特别限定,但优选含有增塑剂的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂。
作为在所述保护层中使用的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂,不特别限定,例如,可以举出乙酰化度为3摩尔%以下,缩醛基的碳原子数为3~4,乙酰化度为60~70摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂等。
作为在所述保护层中使用的所述增塑剂,不特别限定,可以使用与在所述隔音层中使用的增塑剂相同的增塑剂。
作为所述保护层中的所述增塑剂的含量,不特别限定,但相对于聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,优选的下限为25重量份,优选的上限为55重量份。若小于25重量份,则与玻璃的粘接性有时不足。另外,若大于55重量份,则发生渗出,有时降低夹层玻璃用中间膜的透明性或粘接性。另外,有时得到的夹层玻璃的光学变形可能变大。更优选的下限为30重量份,更优选的上限为50重量份。
另外,所述保护层在局部具有着色带也可。
所述着色带例如可以通过在挤出成形所述隔音层时,向层内插入配合了着色剂的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂等,进行挤出成形而得到。
另外,出于制法上的便利性或调节形状的目的,在所述一对保护层中的至少一层层叠形状辅助层也可。
所述形状辅助层不特别限定,可以使用与所述保护层相同的树脂。
还有,所述形状辅助层的厚度调节为使得到的夹层玻璃用中间膜的膜厚、楔角等在后述的范围内。
所述隔音层、保护层及/或形状辅助层进而根据需要,含有紫外线吸收剂、粘接力调节剂、光稳定剂、表面活性剂、难燃剂、防静电剂、耐湿剂、着色剂等以往公知的添加剂也可。
另外,所述隔音层、保护层及/或形状辅助层优选含有绝热剂。
至少任一层中含有绝热剂的夹层玻璃用中间膜具有优越的绝热性。
作为所述绝热剂,不特别限定,例如,可以举出锡掺杂氧化铟、锑掺杂氧化锡、六硼化镧等无机绝热剂、铜配位化合物、酞花青金属配位化合物等有机绝热剂等。
作为至少包含所述保护层和隔音层的本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面图,具体来说,可以举出图1~4的示意图表示的断面图。
图1所示的夹层玻璃用中间膜利用断面形状为楔形的保护层1,夹持断面形状为矩形的隔音层2。
图2所示的夹层玻璃用中间膜利用断面形状为楔形的保护层1,夹持断面形状为楔形的隔音层2。
图3所示的夹层玻璃用中间膜利用断面形状为楔形的保护层1、和断面形状为矩形的保护层1,夹持断面形状为矩形的隔音层2。
图4所示的夹层玻璃用中间膜利用断面形状为矩形的保护层1,夹持断面形状为矩形的隔音层2,进而,在一方的保护层的表面层叠断面形状为楔形的形状辅助层3。
其中,在制作夹层玻璃时,具有不产生气泡的优越的脱气性能,因此,适合图2所示的夹层玻璃用中间膜。
在至少包含所述保护层和隔音层的本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜中,该夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面的楔角θ的下限为0.1mrad,上限为0.7mrad。
还有,夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面的楔角θ如图1~图4的波状线所示,通过延长断面图中的两个边,使其交叉而形成的锐角。
若楔角θ小于0.1mrad,则从控制单元发送的速度信息等的计量仪表显示显示为双重,因此,不能良好地显示,若大于0.7mrad,则在驾驶人的视野中反映的计量仪表显示显示为双重。优选的下限为0.2mrad,优选的上限为0.6mrad。
本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜的最大厚度的上限为2000μm。还有,最大厚度是图1中的4表示的部位。
若最大厚度大于2000μm,则厚度厚,因此,有时难以将挡风玻璃安装于车体。优选的上限为1500μm。
另外,本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜的最小厚度的下限为400μm。还有,最小厚度是图1中的5表示的部位。
若最小厚度小于400μm,则得不到充分的隔音性能,另外,对冲击的耐贯通性变弱。优选的下限为500μm。
作为制造所述隔音层、保护层及形状辅助层的方法,不特别限定,例如,可以举出向聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂添加增塑剂、和根据需要配合的添加剂,将其混炼成形的方法等。作为所述混炼的方法,不特别限定,例如,可以举出使用挤出机、塑性变形机(プラストゲラフ)、捏和机、班伯里混炼机、压延辊等的方法。其中,适合连续的生产,因此,适合使用挤出机的方法。
作为至少包含所述保护层、和隔音层的本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜的制造方法,不特别限定,可以举出制造保护层和隔音层并进行热层压的方法、或通过共同挤出来成形保护层和隔音层的方法、或通过共同挤出来成形保护层和隔音层,进而在至少一层的保护层的表面层叠形状辅助层,进行热层压的方法等。
通过至少组合所述隔音层和保护层的形状,将夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面形状形成为楔形,具有隔音性能,并且,能够将从控制单元发送的速度信息等从安装·面板的显示单元向挡风玻璃映出,因此,驾驶人能够在不降低的视线的情况下,同时确认前方视野和速度显示等,能够适合使用为上升显示器。
另外,使用本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜而成的夹层玻璃也是本发明之一。
本发明的夹层玻璃在至少一对玻璃之间夹持本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜。
作为所述玻璃,不特别限定,可以使用以往公知的透明板玻璃等。另外,代替无机玻璃,使用聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等有机玻璃。
作为制造本发明的夹层玻璃的方法,不特别限定,可以使用以往公知的方法。
还有,从制作夹层玻璃的容易度来说,优选在一对玻璃之间夹持的夹层玻璃用中间膜为一片,但从性能方面等稳定性来说,将多片夹层玻璃用中间膜夹在一对玻璃之间,制作夹层玻璃也可。
根据本发明可知,能够提供驾驶人能够在不降低视线的情况下同时视觉辨认前方视野和计量仪表显示的上升显示器等中尤其适合使用的、隔音性优越的夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃。
附图说明
图1是以示意性表示本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面图的图。
图2是以示意性表示另一方式的本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面图的图。
图3是以示意性表示另一方式的本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面图的图。
图4是以示意性表示另一方式的本发明的夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面图的图。
图中:1—保护层;2—隔音层;3—形状辅助层;4—最大厚度;5—最小厚度。
具体实施方式
以下,公开实施例,进而详细的说明本发明,但本发明不限定于这些实施例。
(实施例1)
(1)隔音层的制作
向乙酰化度为12摩尔%,缩醛基的碳原子数为4,缩醛化度为65摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,作为增塑剂添加三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)65重量份,用混合辊充分地混炼后,进行挤出成形,由此得到隔音层。还有,隔音层的厚度如表1所示。
(2)保护层的制作
向乙酰化度为1摩尔%,缩醛基的碳原子数为4,缩醛化度为68摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,作为增塑剂添加三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)38重量份,用混合辊充分地混炼后,进行挤出成形,由此得到保护层。
(3)夹层玻璃用中间膜的制作
将得到的隔音层夹持在一对保护层,进行热层压,由此制作断面形状为楔形的夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、断面的楔角如表1所示。另外,断面形状如图2所示。
(实施例2)
向乙酰化度为1摩尔%,缩醛基的碳原子数为6,缩醛化度为65摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,作为增塑剂添加三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)65重量份,用混合辊充分地混炼后,进行挤出成形,由此得到隔音层。还有,隔音层的厚度如表1所示。
以下,与实施例1相同地制作保护层,制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、断面的楔角如表1所示。另外,断面形状如图2所示。
(实施例3)
向乙酰化度为1摩尔%,缩醛基的碳原子数为4,缩醛化度为78摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,作为增塑剂添加三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)63重量份,用混合辊充分地混炼后,进行挤出成形,由此得到隔音层。还有,隔音层的厚度如表1所示。
以下,与实施例1相同地制作保护层,制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、断面的楔角如表1所示。另外,断面形状如图2所示。
(比较例1)
向乙酰化度为12摩尔%,缩醛基的碳原子数为4,缩醛化度为65摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,作为增塑剂添加三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)65重量份,用混合辊充分地混炼后,进行挤出成形,由此得到隔音层。还有,隔音层的厚度如表1所示。
以下,与实施例1相同地制作保护层,制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、断面的楔角如表1所示。另外,断面形状如图2所示。
(比较例2)
向乙酰化度为12摩尔%,缩醛基的碳原子数为4,缩醛化度为65摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,作为增塑剂添加三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)65重量份,用混合辊充分地混炼后,进行挤出成形,由此得到隔音层。还有,隔音层的厚度如表1所示。
以下,与实施例1相同地制作保护层,制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、断面的楔角如表1所示。另外,断面形状如图2所示。
(比较例3)
向乙酰化度为12摩尔%,缩醛基的碳原子数为4,缩醛化度为65摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,作为增塑剂添加三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)65重量份,用混合辊充分地混炼后,进行挤出成形,由此得到隔音层。还有,隔音层的厚度如表1所示。
以下,与实施例1相同地制作保护层,制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、断面的楔角如表1所示。另外,断面形状如图2所示。
(比较例4)
向乙酰化度为12摩尔%,缩醛基的碳原子数为4,缩醛化度为65摩尔%的聚乙烯乙缩醛树脂100重量份,作为增塑剂添加三乙二醇二—2—乙基己酸酯(3GO)65重量份,用混合辊充分地混炼后,进行挤出成形,由此得到隔音层。还有,隔音层的厚度如表1所示。
以下,与实施例1相同地制作保护层,制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、断面的楔角如表1所示。另外,断面形状如图2所示。
<评价>
关于在实施例1~3、及比较例1~4中得到的夹层玻璃用中间膜,进行以下的评价。结果示出在表1中。
(1)隔音性评价
将把得到的夹层玻璃切出为300mm×25mm的大小得到的各试料利用捣实试验(ダンピング試験)用振动产生机(振研公司制、加振器G21—005D)进行振动,利用机械阻抗提高(里昂公司制、XG—81)放大由此得到的振动特性,利用FFT光谱分析仪(横河西来特帕卡特公司制、FFT分析仪HP3582A)解析振动光谱。
由这样的得到的损失系数与玻璃与共振频率之比,制作表示20℃下的音频(Hz)和音响透过损失(dB)的关系的图表,求出音频2000Hz附近的极小的音响透过损失(TL值),通过以下的基准进行评价。该TL值越高,隔音性越高。
○:35dB以上
×:小于35dB
(2)双像的有无
将得到的夹层玻璃设置于挡风玻璃的位置,由设置于下部的显示单元向夹层玻璃反射显示信息,在规定的位置用目视确认双像的有无,通过以下的基准进行评价。
○:没有确认到双像。
×:确认到双像。
(3)脱气性能评价
在两片透明浮法玻璃板(长度30cm、宽度30cm、厚度3mm)之间包夹夹层玻璃用中间膜,制作层叠体。
将得到的层叠体放入橡胶箱中,在—60kPa(绝对压力16kPa)的减压下保持10分钟,将其加热,使层叠体的温度达到100℃,然后,将其从橡胶箱中取出。然后,将其放入高压釜中,在温度140℃、压力1.3MPa的条件下保持10分钟后,在高压釜内的温度降低至50℃后,取出层叠体。这样,制作夹层玻璃。
在200℃的烤箱中将得到的夹层玻璃加热2小时。然后,将其从烤箱取出后,用目视观察观察经过3小时的夹层玻璃的外观。调查在夹层玻璃中产生的外径1mm以上的气泡的片数。还有,将在试验中使用的夹层玻璃的片数规定为20片。产生气泡的夹层玻璃的片数越少,夹层玻璃用中间膜越具有优越的脱气性能。试验结果通过以下的基准来进行评价。
◎:观察到一片产生气泡的夹层玻璃。
○:观察到四片产生气泡的夹层玻璃。
【表1】
Figure A200780017250D00151
(实施例4~5)
将断面形状形成为如图1所示的楔状形状,将隔音层的厚度、夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、及楔角设为表2所示,除此以外,与实施例1相同地制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。
(比较例5~6)
将断面形状形成为如图1所示的楔状形状,将隔音层的厚度、夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、及楔角设为表2所示,除此以外,与实施例1相同地制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。
<评价>
关于实施例4~5、及比较例5~6中得到的夹层玻璃用中间膜,进行与实施例1~3、及比较例1~4中进行的评价相同的评价。结果示出在表2中。
【表2】
Figure A200780017250D00171
(实施例6)
将断面形状形成为如图3所示的楔状形状,将隔音层的厚度、夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、及楔角设为表3所示,除此以外,与实施例1相同地制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。
(比较例7)
将断面形状形成为如图3所示的楔状形状,将隔音层的厚度、夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、及楔角设为表3所示,除此以外,与实施例1相同地制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。
<评价>
关于实施例6、及比较例7中得到的夹层玻璃用中间膜,进行与实施例1~3、及比较例1~4中进行的评价相同的评价。结果示出在表3中。
【表3】
Figure A200780017250D00191
(实施例7~8)
将断面形状形成为如图4所示的楔状形状,将隔音层的厚度、夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、及楔角设为如表4所示,除此之外,与实施例1相同地制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,形状辅助层使用与在实施例1中制作保护层的树脂相同的组成的树脂来制造。
(比较例8~9)
将断面形状形成为如图4所示的楔状形状,将隔音层的厚度、夹层玻璃用中间膜的厚度、及楔角设为如表4所示,除此之外,与实施例1相同地制作夹层玻璃用中间膜。还有,形状辅助层使用与在实施例1中制作保护层的树脂相同的组成的树脂来制造。
<评价>
关于实施例7~8、及比较例8~9中得到的夹层玻璃用中间膜,进行与实施例1~3、及比较例1~4中进行的评价相同的评价。结果示出在表4中。
【表4】
Figure A200780017250D00211
[产业上的可利用性]
根据本发明可知,能够提供驾驶人能够在不降低视线的情况下同时视觉辨认前方视野和计量仪表显示的上升显示器等中尤其适合使用的、隔音性优越的夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃。

Claims (4)

1.一种夹层玻璃用中间膜,其特征在于,
由至少一对保护层和被所述一对保护层夹持的隔音层构成,该夹层玻璃用中间膜的断面形状为楔形,断面的楔角θ为0.1~0.7mrad,最大厚度为2000μm以下,最小厚度为400μm以上,
所述隔音层的最小厚度为20μm以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃用中间膜,其特征在于,
在一对保护层的至少一层上层叠有形状辅助层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃用中间膜,其特征在于,
保护层、隔音层及/或形状辅助层含有绝热剂。
4.一种夹层玻璃,其特征在于,
使用权利要求1、2或3所述的夹层玻璃用中间膜而成。
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