CN101284747B - Organic-inorganic slow-released fertilizer and method for preparing same - Google Patents
Organic-inorganic slow-released fertilizer and method for preparing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101284747B CN101284747B CN2008100961696A CN200810096169A CN101284747B CN 101284747 B CN101284747 B CN 101284747B CN 2008100961696 A CN2008100961696 A CN 2008100961696A CN 200810096169 A CN200810096169 A CN 200810096169A CN 101284747 B CN101284747 B CN 101284747B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flower organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer as well as the preparation method thereof. The slow-release fertilizer contains materials by weight percentage as follows: a primary fermentation product 45 to 70 percent, a fertilizer 2 to 35 percent, a conditioner 5 to 30 percent, coating materials 3 to 25 percent, an agglutinant 1 to 10 percent, active materials 0 to 15 percent and a sealant 0 to 12 percent; the primary fermentation product, the fertilizer and the conditioner are mixed for carrying out the secondary fermentation of composting, and then the products of the second fermentation are crushed for press molding; finally, compound fertilizer particles formed by the press molding are evenly sprayed with the coating materials and the agglutinant, thereby obtaining the flower organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer; the flower organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizer of the invention has the advantages that the nutrition is rich, the composting process is fast, the rotten degree is good, the fertilizer is easy to be absorbed by flowers, the manufacturing process is simple, and the use is convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of employed organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer of floriculture and preparation method thereof that is used for.
Background technology
The fertilising of flowers is an a great problem, except that the demand that satisfies the most basic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements, also needs the collocation of various trace elements.Will really grasp the flowers fertilising and be not easy, be not that " Guan Ye, long root, result " is so simple.Although general feces of livestock and poultry fertilizer is the most comprehensively one of fertilizer of nutrition, plant is also compared safety, use extremely inconvenience, also unhygienic, be not suitable for the potted plant use of home flower; Secondly soya-bean cake, dish cake, numb cake etc. also are well suited for ornamental flower and use, all to pass through behind fully macerating system, the fermentation maturity to re-use behind the dilute with water, though fertilizer efficiency is good also than bothering.Though the chemical fertilizer of being processed into chemical process manufacturing or natural mineral matter has the nutrient content height, instant effect is easy to use, advantages such as sanitation and hygiene, and nutrition is single, and is strict to usage quantity, and general peasant household or family should not grasp.Producing and the use slow release fertilizer, is the most quick, easy, saving of labor, effective behave that can fundamentally solve the flower culture problem of fertilization.China's granted patent 02112384.5 has been announced a kind of organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture, can be used as the fertilizer of using that part does not have native flower culture; China's granted patent 200310121951.6 has been announced the method for utilizing cattle manure to produce organic flowers fertilizers for potted flowers.Though final product also is tasteless, pollution-free and to have an organic fertilizer nutrient comprehensive, protect the characteristics of long-lasting for a long time, the compost cycle is long or become thoroughly decomposed not thoroughly, and processing efficiency is low.And in the practical application of flower culture, still there is the phenomenon of seriously taking off fertilizer a certain vegetative period, the advantage that does not have the organic and inorganic fertilizer combination of well performance to use.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the defective to above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of comprehensive nutrition, composting process to accelerate, rotten degree increases, and production technique flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer simple, easy to use.
Another object of the present invention has provided a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer.
The technical scheme taked of the present invention is to achieve these goals: a kind of flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer is provided, and this slow-release fertilizer contains the material of following weight percent:
One time fermentation product 45~70% chemical fertilizer 2~35%
Amendment 5~30% coated fertilizers 3~25%
Tackiness agent 1~10% active substance 0~15%
Sealing agent 0~12%;
Said one time fermentation product is prepared from as follows:
(1) with one or both and inorganic conditioner, organic amendment of cow dung or chicken manure, the promotor uniform mixing becomes thoroughly decomposed; Mass ratio according to compost parameter p H 5.5~8.5, carbon nitrogen is 20~38: 1, makes its last composting mixture water ratio reach 40~65%.Its staple is by weight percentage:
Cow dung or chicken manure 55~70%
Inorganic conditioner 15~26%
Organic amendment 12~25%
The promotor 3~18% of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Said inorganic conditioner is at least a in flyash, soda-manufacturing waste residue, ground phosphate rock, the mineral K;
Said organic amendment is at least a in mushroom residue, crop material, litter, wood chip, soy sauce slag, the humic acids;
The said promotor of becoming thoroughly decomposed is at least a in yeast waste liquor, vinasse, molasses, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, the granulated sugar;
(2), be that 1~10: 1000 amount inserts microbial inoculant with microbial inoculant and composting mixture weight ratio with the last composting mixture compost reactor of packing into; Compost temperature rises to 60 ℃~70 ℃, keeps beginning turning after 48 hours, and when temperature surpasses 70 ℃, turning immediately, uniform and complete is wanted in turning; Through stirring and plenum, the oxygen level in the heap body is remained between 5~15%, the temperature in the control compost reactor goes through obtaining the one time fermentation product in 6~13 days at 55~70 ℃;
Said microbial inoculant is one or both in enzymatic microorganism quick rotting agent, fertile soil 100 (VT-100), fertile soil 1000 (VT-1000) microbial inoculum;
Said chemical fertilizer is at least a in potassium primary phosphate, potassium hydrogenphosphate, diammonium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulfate, the vitriolate of tartar;
Said amendment is at least a in copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sal epsom, molybdenum trisulfate, flyash, terra alba, sulphur, meadow soil, xanthohumic acid, ammonium humate, humic acids magnesium, potassium humate, instantly-soluble humic acids, the bone meal;
Said coated fertilizer is two or more in wilkinite, zeolite, polysulfide, vinyl resin, Synolac, the ester gum;
Said tackiness agent is at least a in Z 150PH, attapulgite, kaolin, the urea-formaldehyde resin aqueous solution;
Said active substance is at least a in sucrose, fructose, glucose, glycocoll, asparagine, organized enzyme, the plant growth hormones;
Said sealing agent is at least a in paraffin, pitch, Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, the compound ceresine.
Another technical scheme of the present invention has provided a kind of preparation method of flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer, comprises the steps:
1) with one time fermentation product, chemical fertilizer and amendment thorough mixing; Change the storage bin that adopts hot a heatable brick bed system design over to, make the ground plate temperature remain on 35~50 ℃, carry out the evaporation of the Secondary Fermentation and the moisture of compost; Whenever once at a distance from turning in 2~6 days; Behind the composting 15~20 days, the compost water cut obtains tunning for the second time 10~18%; Described fertilizer amount is 80~95% of total consumption;
2) tunning was pulverized 50~210 mesh sieves for the second time; Coarse fodder is back to storage bin; Add 0~15% active substance, 1~10% tackiness agent and the abundant mixing of residue chemical fertilizer in the fines, in the effect dip mold moulding of tackiness agent, obtain bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle at last; Said bar-shaped diameter is 0.5cm ± 0.1cm, and long is 2cm~3cm;
3) organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle qualified after the moulded section is placed on even spraying coated fertilizer in the coating machine; Coating is after the room temperature exhausting is dried, and sealing agent seals, and drying makes water cut reach 10~15%; Sorted and packaged promptly obtains said flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer.
The present invention compares with close product with prior art, has following advantage:
(1), through using compost reactor, satisfy the demand of compost parameter more easily, make the composting process accelerate, rotten degree is better, has realized innoxious, rapid, the resource utilization of agricultural wastes preferably.
(2), flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer comprehensive nutrition of the present invention, be easy to absorb, that can satisfy flowers a certain periods needs fertilely in a large number, also can provide the nutrient of whole growing to continue to discharge.
(3) compare with fertilizer with simple composite fertilizer, flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer of the present invention has the two advantage of composite fertilizer and fertilizer.
(4), flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer of the present invention adopts coated fertilizers such as polysulfide, has the obvious sterilization anthelminthic effect.
(5), life-time service flowers organic and inorganic of the present invention slow-release fertilizer, the grass culture substrate of can fostering and apply fertilizer can improve matrix structure again; Ghost after its nutrient has discharged both can be retained and conserved soil moisture, and can play ventilation again and protect fertile function, can make flower culture matrix become loose.
(6), flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer preparation method of the present invention is simple, product is easy to use, saving of work and time, result of use are remarkable, has tangible economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1; (1) with one or both and inorganic conditioner, organic amendment of cow dung or chicken manure, the promotor uniform mixing becomes thoroughly decomposed; Mass ratio according to compost parameter p H 5.5~8.5, carbon nitrogen is 20~38: 1, makes its last composting mixture water ratio reach 40~65%.
(2) with the last composting mixture compost reactor of packing into, add microbial inoculant again, carry out the fermentation first time, go through and accomplished one time fermentation in 6~13 days, obtain the one time fermentation product at compost reactor.
(3) with the chemical fertilizer and the amendment thorough mixing of one time fermentation product, chemical fertilizer total amount 80~95%, change storage bin over to, carry out the evaporation of the Secondary Fermentation and the moisture of compost; Whenever once at a distance from turning in 2~6 days; Behind the composting 15~20 days, accomplish Secondary Fermentation, obtain tunning for the second time;
(4) tunning was pulverized 50~210 mesh sieves for the second time; Coarse fodder is back to storage bin; It is even to add active substance, tackiness agent and residue chemical fertilizer thorough mixing in the fines, and last moulded section obtains bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle; Substandard product refluxes and pulverizes, sieves, and repeats this step;
(5) with specification product after the moulded section, the spraying coated fertilizer with sealing agent sealing, dry, sorted and packaged, promptly obtains said flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer product.
Embodiment
Enumerate specific embodiment below the present invention is described further, but not as to qualification of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, prepares the one time fermentation product as follows: with cow dung, 300kg chicken manure, 200kg flyash, 90kg soy sauce slag, 60kg crop material, the 50kg yeast waste liquor uniform mixing of 300kg; According to compost parameter p H be 6, the mass ratio of carbon nitrogen is 20: 1, makes its last composting mixture water ratio reach 65%; With the last composting mixture compost reactor of packing into, be that 1: 1000 amount inserts the enzymatic microorganism quick rotting agent with enzymatic microorganism quick rotting agent and composting mixture weight ratio; Compost temperature rises to 60 ℃, keeps beginning turning after 48 hours, through stirring and plenum, makes the oxygen level in the heap body remain on 5%, and the temperature in the control compost reactor goes through obtaining the one time fermentation product in 10 days at 60 ℃;
2, with 45kg one time fermentation product, 18.25kg potassium primary phosphate, 15kg diammonium phosphate and 10kg copper sulfate thorough mixing; Change the storage bin that adopts hot a heatable brick bed system design over to, make the ground plate temperature remain on 35 ℃, carry out the evaporation of the Secondary Fermentation and the moisture of compost; Whenever once at a distance from turning in 2 days; Behind the composting 15 days, the compost water cut is 10%, obtains tunning for the second time;
3, tunning was pulverized 50 mesh sieves for the second time; Add 2kg sucrose mixing, coarse fodder is back to storage bin, adds 1kg tackiness agent and the abundant mixing of 1.75kg potassium primary phosphate in the fines; Last effect dip mold moulding at tackiness agent; Obtain bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle, bar-shaped: diameter is 0.5cm ± 0.1, and long is 2cm;
4, bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle qualified after the moulded section is placed on even spraying 4kg wilkinite and 4kg zeolite in the coating machine; Coating is after the oven dry of room temperature exhausting; Make water cut reach 15%, sorted and packaged promptly obtains said flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
1, prepares the one time fermentation product as follows: with the cow dung of 700kg and 70kg ground phosphate rock, 80kg soda-manufacturing waste residue, 120kg litter, 10kg molasses, 20kg yeast waste liquor uniform mixing; According to compost parameter p H be 5.5, the mass ratio of carbon nitrogen is 25: 1, makes its last composting mixture water ratio reach 40%; With the last composting mixture compost reactor of packing into, be that 1: 500 amount inserts the enzymatic microorganism quick rotting agent with enzymatic microorganism quick rotting agent and composting mixture weight ratio; When compost temperature rises to 65 ℃, keep beginning turning after 48 hours, through stirring and plenum, make the oxygen level in the heap body remain on 15%, the temperature in the control compost reactor goes through obtaining the one time fermentation product in 6 days at 55 ℃;
2, with 50kg one time fermentation product, 1.6kg urea and 6kg terra alba thorough mixing; Change the storage bin that adopts hot a heatable brick bed system design over to, make the ground plate temperature remain on 40 ℃, carry out the evaporation of the Secondary Fermentation and the moisture of compost; Whenever once at a distance from turning in 4 days; Behind the composting 18 days, the compost water cut is 18%, obtains tunning for the second time;
3, tunning was pulverized 100 mesh sieves for the second time, and coarse fodder is back to storage bin, added 5kg tackiness agent and the abundant mixing of 0.4kg urea in the fines; Last effect dip mold moulding at tackiness agent; Obtain bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle, bar-shaped: diameter is 0.5cm ± 0.1, and long is 3cm;
4, bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle qualified after the moulded section is placed on even spraying 2kg zeolite, 1kg vinyl resin, 5kg kaolin in the coating machine; Coating is after the oven dry of room temperature exhausting; Seal as sealing agent with 5kg paraffin; Drying makes water cut reach 10%, and sorted and packaged promptly obtains said flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
1, prepares the one time fermentation product as follows: with chicken manure and 50kg ground phosphate rock, 80kg soda-manufacturing waste residue, 20kg mineral K, 180kg soy sauce slag, 20kg litter, 50kg humic acids, 20kg vinasse and the 20kg monosodium glutamate waste liquid uniform mixing of 560kg; According to compost parameter p H be 8.5, the mass ratio of carbon nitrogen is 30: 1, makes its last composting mixture water ratio reach 60%; With the last composting mixture compost reactor of packing into, be that 1: 10 amount inserts the VT-1000 microbial inoculum with VT-1000 microbial inoculum and composting mixture weight ratio; Compost temperature rises to more than 70 ℃, keeps beginning turning after 48 hours, when temperature surpasses 70 ℃; Turning immediately through stirring and plenum, makes the oxygen level in the heap body remain on 8%; Temperature in the control compost reactor goes through obtaining the one time fermentation product in 8 days at 65 ℃;
2, with 60kg one time fermentation product, 4kg diammonium phosphate, 5kg vitriolate of tartar and 20kg ammonium humate thorough mixing; Change the storage bin that adopts hot a heatable brick bed system design over to, make the ground plate temperature remain on 45 ℃, carry out the evaporation of the Secondary Fermentation and the moisture of compost; Whenever once at a distance from turning in 5 days; Behind the composting 20 days, the compost water cut is 13%, obtains tunning for the second time;
3, tunning was pulverized 150 mesh sieves for the second time; Coarse fodder is back to storage bin; Add 8kg tackiness agent, 1kg vitriolate of tartar, 5kg glucose and 4kg glycocoll mixing in the fines, in the effect dip mold moulding of tackiness agent, obtain bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle at last; Bar-shaped: diameter is 0.5cm ± 0.1, and long is 3cm;
4, bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle qualified after the moulded section is placed on even spraying 2kg zeolite, 8kg polysulfide, 5kg vinyl resin and 8kg attapulgite in the coating machine; Coating is after the oven dry of room temperature exhausting; Seal as sealing agent with 4kg paraffin, 6kg Triple Pressed Stearic Acid and 2kg pitch; Drying makes water cut reach 14%, and sorted and packaged promptly obtains said flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
1, prepares the one time fermentation product as follows: with cow dung and 30kg ground phosphate rock, 130kg flyash, 10kg mineral K, 80kg mushroom residue, 50kg wood chip, 30kg yeast waste liquor, 50kg vinasse, 60kg monosodium glutamate waste liquid and the 10kg granulated sugar uniform mixing of 550kg; According to compost parameter p H be 7, the mass ratio of carbon nitrogen is 38: 1, makes its last composting mixture water ratio reach 60%; With the last composting mixture compost reactor of packing into, be that 1: 100 amount inserts the VT-100 microbial inoculum with VT-1000 microbial inoculum and composting mixture weight ratio; Compost temperature rises to 60 ℃, keeps beginning turning after 48 hours, through stirring and plenum, makes the oxygen level in the heap body remain on 10%, and the temperature in the control compost reactor goes through obtaining the one time fermentation product in 12 days at 70 ℃;
2, with 70kg one time fermentation product, 4kg potassium hydrogenphosphate, 7kg diammonium phosphate, 6kg urea and 30kg sulphur thorough mixing; Change the storage bin that adopts hot a heatable brick bed system design over to, make the ground plate temperature remain on 50 ℃, carry out the evaporation of the Secondary Fermentation and the moisture of compost; Whenever once at a distance from turning in 6 days; Behind the composting 16 days, the compost water cut is 18%, obtains tunning for the second time;
3, tunning was pulverized 200 mesh sieves for the second time; Coarse fodder is back to storage bin; Add 10kg tackiness agent, 3kg diammonium phosphate, 7kg sucrose, 4kg fructose, 4kg asparagine mixing in the fines, in the effect dip mold moulding of tackiness agent, obtain bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle at last; Bar-shaped: diameter is 0.5cm ± 0.1, and long is 2cm;
4, bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle qualified after the moulded section is placed on even spraying 10kg wilkinite, 15kg vinyl resin, 6kg attapulgite and 4kg kaolin in the coating machine; Coating is after the oven dry of room temperature exhausting; Seal as sealing agent with the 10kg Triple Pressed Stearic Acid; Drying makes water cut reach 15%, and sorted and packaged promptly obtains said flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer.
The quality examination such as the table 1 of the flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer of the present invention's preparation:
The technical indicator of table 1 flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer product
Claims (2)
1. flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer, it is characterized in that: this slow-release fertilizer contains the material of following weight percent:
One time fermentation product 45~70%; Chemical fertilizer 2~35%; Amendment 5~30%; Coated fertilizer 3~25%; Tackiness agent 1~10%; Active substance 0~15%; Sealing agent 0~12%;
Said one time fermentation product is prepared from as follows:
(1) with one or both and inorganic conditioner, organic amendment of cow dung or chicken manure, the promotor uniform mixing becomes thoroughly decomposed; Mass ratio according to compost parameter p H 5.5~8.5, carbon nitrogen is 20~38: 1; Make its last composting mixture water ratio reach 40~65%, its staple is by weight percentage:
Cow dung or chicken manure 55~70%
Inorganic conditioner 15~26%
Organic amendment 12~25%
The promotor 3~18% of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
Said inorganic conditioner is at least a in flyash, soda-manufacturing waste residue, ground phosphate rock, the mineral K;
Said organic amendment is at least a in mushroom residue, crop material, litter, wood chip, soy sauce slag, the humic acids;
The said promotor of becoming thoroughly decomposed is at least a in yeast waste liquor, vinasse, molasses, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, the granulated sugar;
(2), be that 1~10: 1000 amount inserts microbial inoculant with microbial inoculant and composting mixture weight ratio with the last composting mixture compost reactor of packing into; Compost temperature rises to 60 ℃~70 ℃, keeps beginning turning after 48 hours, and when temperature surpasses 70 ℃, turning immediately, uniform and complete is wanted in turning; Through stirring and plenum, the oxygen level in the heap body is remained between 5~15%, the temperature in the control compost reactor goes through obtaining the one time fermentation product in 6~13 days at 55~70 ℃;
Said microbial inoculant is one or both in enzymatic microorganism quick rotting agent, VT-100, the VT-1000 microbial inoculum;
Said chemical fertilizer is at least a in potassium primary phosphate, potassium hydrogenphosphate, diammonium phosphate, urea, ammonium sulfate, the vitriolate of tartar;
Said amendment is at least a in copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sal epsom, molybdenum trisulfate, flyash, terra alba, sulphur, meadow soil, xanthohumic acid, ammonium humate, humic acids magnesium, potassium humate, instantly-soluble humic acids, the bone meal;
Said coated fertilizer is two or more in wilkinite, zeolite, polysulfide, vinyl resin, Synolac, the ester gum;
Said tackiness agent is at least a in Z 150PH, attapulgite, kaolin, the urea-formaldehyde resin aqueous solution;
Said active substance is at least a in sucrose, fructose, glucose, glycocoll, asparagine, organized enzyme, the plant growth hormones;
Said sealing agent is at least a in paraffin, pitch, Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, the compound ceresine.
2. the preparation method of a kind of flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) with one time fermentation product, chemical fertilizer and amendment thorough mixing; Change the storage bin that adopts hot a heatable brick bed system design over to, make the ground plate temperature remain on 35~50 ℃, carry out the evaporation of the Secondary Fermentation and the moisture of compost; Whenever once at a distance from turning in 2~6 days; Behind the composting 15~20 days, the compost water cut obtains tunning for the second time 10~18%; Described fertilizer amount is 80~95% of total consumption;
2) tunning was pulverized 50~210 mesh sieves for the second time; Coarse fodder is back to storage bin; Add 0~15% active substance, 1~10% tackiness agent and the abundant mixing of residue chemical fertilizer in the fines, in the effect dip mold moulding of tackiness agent, obtain bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle at last; Said bar-shaped organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particulate diameter is 0.5cm ± 0.1cm, and long is 2cm~3cm;
3) organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer particle qualified after the moulded section is placed on even spraying coated fertilizer in the coating machine; Coating is after the room temperature exhausting is dried, and sealing agent seals, and drying makes water cut reach 10~15%; Sorted and packaged promptly obtains said flowers organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer.
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