CN102850122B - Water-retaining organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-retaining organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102850122B CN102850122B CN201210314712.1A CN201210314712A CN102850122B CN 102850122 B CN102850122 B CN 102850122B CN 201210314712 A CN201210314712 A CN 201210314712A CN 102850122 B CN102850122 B CN 102850122B
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Abstract
The invention provides a water-retaining organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The method provided by the invention uses an edible vegetable blended oil bran cake as a main raw material for development of the water-retaining organic fertilizer, and the problems of existence of multiple harmful components caused by addition of chemical materials and single efficacy of products in traditional organic fertilizers are overcome. The water-retaining organic fertilizer is prepared from the edible vegetable blended oil bran cake, organic waste, a conditioning agent and a microbial inoculant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the edible vegetable blended oil bran cake and the organic waste; then mixing the crushed bran cake and organic waste with the conditioning agent and the microbial inoculant under stirring; and carrying out pool stacking fermentation, stripe-shaped stacking fermentation, screening and granulation so as to obtain the water-retaining organic fertilizer. According to the invention, because of usage of organic matter raw materials containing abundant mycoprotein, the organic fertilizer has a water-retaining function, and the problem of reduced output or poor output of crops caused by lack of water, no retention of water and fertility, no drought tolerance and loss of nutrients in agricultural production is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic fertilizer technique field, relate to a kind of method that edible vegetable blend oil bran cake is prepared fertilizer of applying.
Background technology
It is reported, 400 millimeters of the regional average annual precipitation less thaies of China 45%, the agriculture underproduction that dry morning, soil erosion cause, desertification etc. have become the even serious natural disaster of Global Agriculture of China, Multifunctional protective aqua becomes a kind of reliable means of current raising Farmland Water utilization ratio, is called as the fourth-largest class Effects of Agricultural Chemicals after chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, mulch film.
The water-holding agent product of most domestic, had both been different from fertilizer at present, did not also belong to agricultural chemicals, and main component is some high molecular polymers.The multi-functional composite long-acting type water-holding agent of supplying in the market, as polyacrylamide type water-holding agent, valuable product, generally, all more than 3～50,000 yuan/ton, is difficult to promote the use of in agriculture production.Water-holding agent main raw material is polyacrylate and polyacrylamide, has dividing of sodium salt and sylvite in raw material, can make P in soil H value raise, cause salting of soil, to soil, cause structural destruction, physical environment is had to great hazardness, seriously restricted agricultural sustainable development.
At present, about utilizing plant blend oil bran cake prepare the patent documentation of water retention type organic fertilizer aspect and report seldom, only relate to single inorganic water retention property product.As: a kind of ecological drought resistant and water retaining compound fertilizer of application number " 200410065904.9 " and manufacture method thereof; Application number " 200310121061.5 " starch base organic-inorganic composite water-retaining and prepare method.Although above-mentioned technology all has different characteristics separately, problems that has following several respects in various degree all:
Its select materials is chemical inorganic materials, adds N, P, K and polyacrylamide and acrylate 15-35% etc., and consumption is too large, this Gao of Cheng Ang, and big area life-time service also can cause severe contamination to edatope, HUMAN HEALTH is also constituted a threat to simultaneously;
It is confined to apply in the agricultural of western salt affected soil arid, semiarid zone, and after water suction, gel Strong degree is low, only has water conservation, release the simple function of water.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve in agriculture production existing fertilizer, not possess water conservation, fertilizer conservation, nutrient loss fast, cause crop production reduction or lose the problem of receiving, the invention provides a kind of cheap highly effective water-keeping type fertilizer that does not contain chemical composition, it is main raw material that this fertilizer utilizes edible vegetable oil processing to produce the by product plant blend oil bran cake and the organic waste that in noise made in coughing or vomiting, produce, when elimination organic waste causes secondary pollution to environment, realize the recycle of resource.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A water retention type organic fertilizer, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight percent content:
Plant blend oil bran cake 40-50%, organic waste 45-54%, conditioning agent 2.5-7%, microbial inoculant 0.5-1.0%;
Described plant blend oil bran cake is through de-oiling, to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms in edible vegetable blend oil processing process;
Described organic waste is a kind of in mushroom residue, chicken manure, or the mixture of mushroom residue and chicken manure;
Described conditioning agent is the waste liquid producing in glutamate production process;
Described microbial inoculant is that organic waste zymophyte is bent.
Above-mentioned fermentation of organic wastes song belongs to a kind of organic fertilizer fermentation agent, and purchased from system in Beijing Jing Pu Yuan biotechnology company limited, the said firm is positioned at Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing City.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of preparing above-mentioned water retention type organic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, choose raw material:
Choose the raw material of following weight percent content:
Plant blend oil bran cake 40-50%, organic waste 45-54%, conditioning agent 2.5-7%, microbial inoculant 0.5-1.0%;
Described plant blend oil bran cake is through de-oiling, to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms in edible vegetable blend oil processing process;
Described organic waste is a kind of in mushroom residue, chicken manure, or the mixture of mushroom residue and chicken manure;
Described conditioning agent is monosodium glutamate waste liquid;
Described microbial inoculant is that organic waste zymophyte is bent;
Step 2, broken raw material:
The mix and blend after fragmentation by above-mentioned plant blend oil bran cake and organic waste, during mix and blend, spray conditioning agent and microbial inoculant, regulating the pH value of mixing raw material is 6-8, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35:1, organic content is 45-65%, the degree of moisture is 43-48%, obtains fermentation raw material;
Step 3, fermentative processing:
Above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, carries out compost fermentation processing, when compost fermentation material temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃, carry out turning for the first time, when later temperature is raised to 65-70 ℃, carry out turning for the second time, once at interval of turning in 1-2 days later;
Compost fermentation was processed after 12-15 days, material in fermentation vat is transferred on the ground in booth, heap is in strip, carry out stacking fermentation, ferment and after 5-8 days, material is made thinner to 30-50 ㎝, then use turnover throwing machine to circulate and throw loosely material, make that material is lowered the temperature naturally, transpiring moisture, when temperature of charge drops to weight percent content≤30% of the moisture in normal temperature, material, complete stacking fermentation;
Step 4, screening:
Above-mentioned material after stacking fermentation, by being transported on vibratory screening apparatus, is carried out to sub-sieve, and the fines after sub-sieve is the water retention type organic fertilizer of granular.
As preferred version of the present invention:
In described step 4, the fines after sub-sieve is passed through to extruder grain, cooling and dry again, the water retention type organic fertilizer of granulation shape, the coarse fodder after sub-sieve, after fragmentation, turns back to step 3 and subsequent step as fermentation raw material.
As further preferred version of the present invention:
Bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100-200m while carrying out stacking fermentation in described step 3;
The diameter of the mesh of the vibratory screening apparatus using in described step 4 is 5.5mm, the particle diameter < 5.5mm of the fines after vibratory screening apparatus carries out sub-sieve, the particle diameter > 5.5mm of the coarse fodder after sub-sieve.
In the present invention, the effect of various raw materials is as follows:
Edible vegetable blend oil bran cake is the by product that vegetables oil processing industry produces, and main component is by product and the bentonitic mixtures such as soya-bean cake, corn-dodger, peanut press pulp, rapeseed cake.These mixtures not only contain abundant organic matter, protein, organonitrogen and organic potassium, are also being rich in the wilkinite with very strong water-absorbing-retaining function;
Wilkinite is numerous mineral associations and clay mineral that the montmorillonite of take is main component, wilkinite has specialty fibers structure, the water-absorbent of extra-heavy, swelling property, adsorptivity, tackiness and cationic exchange, can adsorb 8-15 doubly to the water yield of this volume, volumetric expansion after water suction, volume energy expands and increases several times to tens times, all right adsorption bleaching, to various gas, liquid, organic substance has certain adsorptive power, maximal absorptive capacity can reach 5 times to its weight, especially Acidic Bentonite and various oils is had to good decoloration performance etc. through the atlapulgite of acid treatment activation.Due to these special propertys of wilkinite, make it after modification, be widely used in plant blend oil processing as decolorizing purification clarification, improve filtration velocity and reduce free acid content and the extraordinary efficient petroleum product sorbent material that removes impurity and peculiar smell in grease; In addition, wilkinite itself is exactly a kind of soil, easily by soil, assimilated and adsorb, therefore to nonirrigated farmland, sand improvement, improving the physico-chemical property of soil, the utilization ratio that strengthens soil water storage fertilizer-preserving ability, raising fertilizer and some pollution degenerated soil has good improvement and repair.It is soil organic constituent by microorganism decomposition and inversion that wilkinite enters soil system, very useful to ecological environmental protection;
Wilkinite completes after adsorption cleaning task in plant blend oil processing process, follows its by product and has formed oily bran cake through de-oiling filtration squeezing;
Mushroom residue, also claims mushroom source microbial bacteria, refers to the various edible mushroomss of cultivation remaining solid waste later.Mushroom slag not only contains abundant fungi, and edible mushrooms, is also rich in multiple beneficial actinomycetes, and its effect is as follows: these mushroom activity breedings need to be decomposed a large amount of organic carbon sources, thereby can accelerate xylogen, cellulosic decomposition; Free nitrogen in can fixed air, improves compost fertilizer efficiency; Actinomycetic advantage breeding activity can occupy compost material space, and secretes antibiotic, can suppress harmful assorted fungus grown, also can play the function of eliminating stink.In addition, in mushroom slag, contain abundant organic and higher N, P, K.After being manured into soil, mushroom slag can increase soil fertility, improve Soil structure.
Water retention type organic fertilizer of the present invention, has following technical indicator after testing:
Quality of organic matter mark (to dry base) 46-56%;
The massfraction of total nutrient (nitrogen+Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES+potassium oxide) (take and dry base) is 5.4-6.8%, the massfraction 25-30% of moisture (fresh sample), potential of hydrogen (PH) 5.7-8.5;
The limit index of heavy metal (unit: mg/kg): total arsenic (As) (to dry base) 5-9, total mercury (Hg) (to dry base) 0.2-1.0, total plumbous (Pb) (to dry base) 10-20, total chromium (Cr) (to dry base) 25-57, total cadmium (Cd) (to dry base) 0.5-1.2;
Induced worm egg death rate, colibacillus and germination factor all reach national Ministry of Agriculture's fertilizer newest standards (NY525-2011).
The present invention takes the lead in adjusting the product mix, environmental protection, non-harmful water-keeping material and organic matter are combined together, the oily bran cake of take containing water-absorbing-retaining function is main material, select high-quality organic waste: mushroom residue, chicken manure are auxiliary material, under the effect of microbial technique system, make collection water suction, water conservation, release water, compose fertile the whole body, containing chemical composition and cheap highly effective water-keeping type organic fertilizer.
Concrete advantage of the present invention is as follows:
the present invention selects the organic waste material of multiple high-quality cheapness to be prepared into high-quality fertilizer, the organic water conservation material that adds cheap high-content in fertilizer, namely after modification, add the wilkinite in plant blend oil mixture, under the effect of microbial technique system, according to physicochemical property separately, reach coordination republicanism, modification mutually, thereby improved the wholesomeness of fertilizer, broken through and in conventional fertilizers, added chemical inorganic water conservation material, it is polyacrylamide, the existing objectionable impurities such as acrylate increases and the single limitation of product efficacy, arid area and sand area have effectively been overcome, lack of water, water holding not, fertilizer conservation not, not drought-enduring, nutrient easily runs off and causes crop production reduction or lose receipts and a series of difficult problems such as water source and environmental pollution,
Product Green of the present invention, environmental protection, cheapness, efficient, its water-absorbing-retaining amount exceeds more than 50% than conventional fertilizer, use that this product can be poured water watering or rainwater absorbs and preserves rapidly, become solid water and do not flow, do not ooze mistake, the local constant temperature of permanent preservation, during arid, in soil, slowly discharge moisture and nutrition; Water soluble fertilizer in soil, as the absorptions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are got up, can also be absorbed for plant in addition, effectively reduce fertilizer and agricultural chemicals seepage and run off, alleviate water of river and lake and environmental pollution;
Organic content of the present invention is high especially, can effectively regulate soil potential of hydrogen, increase soil fertility, improve Soil structure, improve the metabolism intensity of soil, promote the decomposition and inversion ability of microorganism to soil nutrient, be conducive to absorbing of crop, realize few with or need not chemical water-holding agent and the target of chemical fertilizer, for production good quality and high output agricultural-food provide safely and effectively, ensure;
The present invention is based on organic waste resource in recycle industrial and agricultural production, when carrying out harmless treatment solution secondary pollution, seek and excavate the fertilizer of the chemosynthesis water-holding agent that cheap and easy to get, alternative tradition is expensive, both effective good fertilizer efficiency, there is again water-absorbing-retaining function, the novelty possessing skills and practicality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is preparation method's of the present invention process flow sheet.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Plant blend oil bran cake in following each embodiment is through de-oiling, to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms in edible vegetable blend oil processing process.
Embodiment 1:
Concrete steps and the processing condition of preparation process of the present invention are as follows:
(1) select 4300 ㎏ plant blend oil bran cakes, 5400 ㎏ mushroom residues, above-mentioned Classification of materials is broken, then add 250 ㎏ monosodium glutamate waste liquids, 50 ㎏ organic waste zymophytes songs, above-mentioned material is carried out to mix and blend, obtain fermentation raw material, the moisture content of fermentation raw material is that 45%, C/N is 29: 1, organic content is that 55%, pH value is 6.5;
(2) above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat compost fermentation, temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃ of turning for the first time, and later temperature starts turning in to two day once while being raised to 65 ℃, ferment and after 12-15 days, material is proceeded to inner greenhouse ground face and be in strip stacking fermentation, bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100m-200m, ferment and make thinner to 30-50 ㎝ after 5-8 days, use turnover throwing machine circulation to throw loose, reach nature cooling, the effect of transpiring moisture, when temperature drops to normal temperature, during moisture≤30%, complete fermentation whole process, through vibratory screening apparatus sub-sieve, process, the fines of particle diameter < 5.5mm is the water retention type organic fertilizer of granular, the coarse fodder of particle diameter > 5.5mm is after fragmentation, as fermentation raw material, turn back to compost fermentation step.
Embodiment 2:
Concrete steps and the processing condition of preparation process of the present invention are as follows:
(1) select 9800 ㎏ plant blend oil bran cakes, 9000 ㎏ chicken manures, above-mentioned Classification of materials is broken, then add 1060 ㎏ monosodium glutamate waste liquids, 140 ㎏ organic waste zymophytes songs, above-mentioned material is carried out to mix and blend, obtain fermentation raw material, the moisture content of fermentation raw material is that 48%, C/N is 26: 1, organic content is that 52%, pH value is 7;
(2) above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat compost fermentation, temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃ of turning for the first time, and later temperature starts turning in to two day once while being raised to 68 ℃, ferment and after 12-15 days, material is proceeded to inner greenhouse ground face and be in strip stacking fermentation, bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100m-200m, ferment and make thinner to 30-50 ㎝ after 5-8 days, use turnover throwing machine circulation to throw loose, reach nature cooling, the effect of transpiring moisture, when temperature drops to normal temperature, during moisture≤30%, complete fermentation whole process, through vibratory screening apparatus sub-sieve, process, the fines of particle diameter < 5.5mm passes through extruder grain again, cooling and dry, the water retention type organic fertilizer of granulation shape, the coarse fodder of particle diameter > 5.5mm is after fragmentation, as fermentation raw material, turn back to compost fermentation step.
Embodiment 3:
Concrete steps and the processing condition of preparation process of the present invention are as follows:
(1) select 9000 ㎏ plant blend oil bran cakes, 4570 ㎏ mushroom residues, 5630 ㎏ chicken manures, above-mentioned Classification of materials is broken, then add 600 ㎏ monosodium glutamate waste liquids, 200 ㎏ organic waste zymophytes songs, above-mentioned material is carried out to mix and blend, obtain fermentation raw material, the moisture content of fermentation raw material is that 43%, C/N is 31: 1, organic content is that 56%, pH value is 8;
(2) above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat compost fermentation, temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃ of turning for the first time, and later temperature starts turning in to two day once while being raised to 70 ℃, ferment and after 12-15 days, material is proceeded to inner greenhouse ground face and be in strip stacking fermentation, bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100m-200m, ferment and make thinner to 30-50 ㎝ after 5-8 days, use turnover throwing machine circulation to throw loose, reach nature cooling, the effect of transpiring moisture, when temperature drops to normal temperature, during moisture≤30%, complete fermentation whole process, through vibratory screening apparatus sub-sieve, process, the fines of particle diameter < 5.5mm is the water retention type organic fertilizer of granular, or the fines of particle diameter < 5.5mm is passed through to extruder grain again, cooling and dry, the water retention type organic fertilizer of granulation shape, the coarse fodder of particle diameter > 5.5mm is after fragmentation, as fermentation raw material, turn back to compost fermentation step.
A kind of method of preparing water retention type organic fertilizer above invention being provided; having applied specific case herein sets forth principle of the present invention and embodiment; obviously; the invention is not restricted to above example; can also there be many changes; for one of ordinary skill in the art, also can hold the institute of directly deriving or associating from Inner disclosed by the invention and change, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a water retention type organic fertilizer, is characterized in that being prepared from by the raw material of following weight percent content:
Plant blend oil bran cake 40-50%, organic waste 45-54%, conditioning agent 2.5-7%, microbial inoculant 0.5-1.0%;
Described plant blend oil bran cake is through de-oiling, to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms in edible vegetable blend oil processing process, wherein contains Acidic Bentonite;
Described organic waste is a kind of in mushroom residue, chicken manure, or the mixture of mushroom residue and chicken manure;
Described conditioning agent is the waste liquid in glutamate production process;
Described microbial inoculant is that organic waste zymophyte is bent.
2. a method of preparing water retention type organic fertilizer claimed in claim 1, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, choose raw material:
Choose the raw material of following weight percent content:
Plant blend oil bran cake 40-50%, organic waste 45-54%, conditioning agent 2.5-7%, microbial inoculant 0.5-1.0%;
Described plant blend oil bran cake is through de-oiling, to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms in edible vegetable blend oil processing process, wherein contains Acidic Bentonite;
Described organic waste is a kind of in mushroom residue, chicken manure, or the mixture of mushroom residue and chicken manure;
Described conditioning agent is monosodium glutamate waste liquid;
Described microbial inoculant is that organic waste zymophyte is bent;
Step 2, broken raw material:
The mix and blend after fragmentation by above-mentioned plant blend oil bran cake and organic waste, during mix and blend, spray conditioning agent and microbial inoculant, regulating the pH value of mixing raw material is 6-8, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35:1, organic content is 45-65%, the degree of moisture is 43-48%, obtains fermentation raw material;
Step 3, fermentative processing:
Above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, carries out compost fermentation processing, when compost fermentation material temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃, carry out turning for the first time, when later temperature is raised to 65-70 ℃, carry out turning for the second time, once at interval of turning in 1-2 days later;
Compost fermentation was processed after 12-15 days, material in fermentation vat is transferred on the ground in booth, heap is in strip, carry out stacking fermentation, ferment and after 5-8 days, material is made thinner to 30-50 ㎝, then use turnover throwing machine to circulate and throw loosely material, make that material is lowered the temperature naturally, transpiring moisture, when temperature of charge drops to weight percent content≤30% of the moisture in normal temperature, material, complete stacking fermentation;
Step 4, screening:
Above-mentioned material after stacking fermentation, by being transported on vibratory screening apparatus, is carried out to sub-sieve, and the fines after sub-sieve is the water retention type organic fertilizer of granular.
3. a kind of method of preparing water retention type organic fertilizer according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
In described step 4, the fines after sub-sieve is passed through to extruder grain, cooling and dry again, the water retention type organic fertilizer of granulation shape, the coarse fodder after sub-sieve, after fragmentation, turns back to step 3 and subsequent step as fermentation raw material.
4. according to a kind of method of preparing water retention type organic fertilizer described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that:
Bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100-200m while carrying out stacking fermentation in described step 3;
The diameter of the mesh of the vibratory screening apparatus using in described step 4 is 5.5mm, the particle diameter < 5.5mm of the fines after vibratory screening apparatus carries out sub-sieve, the particle diameter > 5.5mm of the coarse fodder after sub-sieve.
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| CN104496581A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 王旭 | Process for preparing organic fertilizer from crop residues |
| CN106518188B (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-03-05 | 广西黎塘远东化肥有限责任公司 | The production method of special fertilizer for sugar cane |
| CN106613672A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | Rose apple plantation method |
| CN107298630B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2021-01-05 | 上海禾绿生物有机肥有限公司 | Preparation process of special biological organic compound fertilizer |
| CN108207488B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2020-06-30 | 武汉蔬博农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating morchella in sandy soil |
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| CN1304912A (en) * | 2000-12-31 | 2001-07-25 | 李承海 | Process for preparing microecological organic fertilizer |
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| CN101209933A (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Refined biological organic fertilizer and its preparing process |
| CN101284747A (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2008-10-15 | 广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Organic-inorganic slow-released fertilizer and method for preparing same |
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| CN1304912A (en) * | 2000-12-31 | 2001-07-25 | 李承海 | Process for preparing microecological organic fertilizer |
| CN1425635A (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2003-06-25 | 张维民 | Method for producing biologically fermented active organic fertilizer by using organic wasters and its device |
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| CN101209933A (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Refined biological organic fertilizer and its preparing process |
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| CN102503712A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-06-20 | 湖南大学 | Microbial organic fertilizer and application thereof |
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