CN102850122A - Water-retaining organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-retaining organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102850122A CN102850122A CN2012103147121A CN201210314712A CN102850122A CN 102850122 A CN102850122 A CN 102850122A CN 2012103147121 A CN2012103147121 A CN 2012103147121A CN 201210314712 A CN201210314712 A CN 201210314712A CN 102850122 A CN102850122 A CN 102850122A
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a water-retaining organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The method provided by the invention uses an edible vegetable blended oil bran cake as a main raw material for development of the water-retaining organic fertilizer, and the problems of existence of multiple harmful components caused by addition of chemical materials and single efficacy of products in traditional organic fertilizers are overcome. The water-retaining organic fertilizer is prepared from the edible vegetable blended oil bran cake, organic waste, a conditioning agent and a microbial inoculant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the edible vegetable blended oil bran cake and the organic waste; then mixing the crushed bran cake and organic waste with the conditioning agent and the microbial inoculant under stirring; and carrying out pool stacking fermentation, stripe-shaped stacking fermentation, screening and granulation so as to obtain the water-retaining organic fertilizer. According to the invention, because of usage of organic matter raw materials containing abundant mycoprotein, the organic fertilizer has a water-retaining function, and the problem of reduced output or poor output of crops caused by lack of water, no retention of water and fertility, no drought tolerance and loss of nutrients in agricultural production is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the organic fertilizer technique field, relate to a kind of method that edible vegetable blend oil bran cake prepares fertilizer of using.
Background technology
It is reported, 400 millimeters of China's 45% regional average annual precipitation less thaies, the agriculture underproduction that dried morning, soil erosion cause, desertification etc. have become China even the serious natural disaster of Global Agriculture, the Multifunctional protective aqua becomes a kind of reliable means of present raising Farmland Water utilization ratio, is called as the fourth-largest class Effects of Agricultural Chemicals after chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, mulch film.
The water-holding agent product of most domestic both had been different from fertilizer at present, did not also belong to agricultural chemicals, and main component is some high molecular polymers.The multi-functional composite long-acting type water-holding agent of supplying in the market, such as polyacrylamide type water-holding agent, valuable product generally all more than 3～50,000 yuan/tons, is difficult to promote the use of in agriculture production.The water-holding agent main raw material is polyacrylate and polyacrylamide, has dividing of sodium salt and sylvite in the raw material, and P in soil H value is raise, cause salting of soil, cause structural destruction to soil, physical environment is had great hazardness, seriously restricted agricultural sustainable development.
At present, about utilizing plant blend oil bran cake to prepare the patent documentation of water retention type organic fertilizer aspect and reporting seldom, only relate to single inorganic water retention property product.As: a kind of ecological drought resistant and water retaining compound fertilizer of application number " 200410065904.9 " and manufacture method thereof; Application number " 200310121061.5 " starch base organic-inorganic composite water-retaining and prepare method.Although above-mentioned technology all has different characteristics separately, in various degree problems that has following several respects all:
Its select materials is chemical inorganic materials, adds N, P, K and polyacrylamide and acrylate 15-35% etc., and consumption is too large, and this Gao of Cheng Ang, big area life-time service also can cause severe contamination to edatope, simultaneously HUMAN HEALTH are also constituted a threat to;
It is confined to use in the agricultural of western salt affected soil arid, semiarid zone, and gel Strong degree is low after the suction, only has water conservation, release the simple function of water.
Summary of the invention
Not possess water conservation, fertilizer conservation, nutrient loss fast in order to solve in the agriculture production existing fertilizer, cause crop production reduction or lose the problem of receiving, the invention provides a kind of highly effective water-keeping type fertilizer that does not contain the cheapness of chemical ingredients, this fertilizer utilizes the by product plant blend oil bran cake and the organic waste that produce in the edible vegetable oil processing generation noise made in coughing or vomiting to be main raw material, when the elimination organic waste causes secondary pollution to environment, realize the recycle of resource.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of water retention type organic fertilizer is prepared from by the raw material of following weight percent content:
Plant blend oil bran cake 40-50%, organic waste 45-54%, conditioning agent 2.5-7%, microbial inoculant 0.5-1.0%;
Described plant blend oil bran cake is to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms through de-oiling in the edible vegetable blend oil processing process;
Described organic waste is a kind of in mushroom residue, the chicken manure, perhaps the mixture of mushroom residue and chicken manure;
Described conditioning agent is the waste liquid that produces in the glutamate production process;
Described microbial inoculant is that the organic waste zymophyte is bent.
Above-mentioned fermentation of organic wastes song belongs to a kind of organic fertilizer fermentation agent, and available from garden, system in Beijing Jing garden biotechnology company limited, the said firm is positioned at the Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing City.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned water retention type organic fertilizer, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, choose raw material:
Choose the raw material of following weight percent content:
Plant blend oil bran cake 40-50%, organic waste 45-54%, conditioning agent 2.5-7%, microbial inoculant 0.5-1.0%;
Described plant blend oil bran cake is to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms through de-oiling in the edible vegetable blend oil processing process;
Described organic waste is a kind of in mushroom residue, the chicken manure, perhaps the mixture of mushroom residue and chicken manure;
Described conditioning agent is monosodium glutamate waste liquid;
Described microbial inoculant is that the organic waste zymophyte is bent;
Step 2, broken raw material:
The mix and blend after fragmentation with above-mentioned plant blend oil bran cake and organic waste, spray conditioning agent and microbial inoculant during mix and blend, the pH value of regulating mixing raw material is 6-8, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35:1, organic content is 45-65%, the degree of moisture is 43-48%, obtains fermentation raw material;
Step 3, fermentative processing:
Above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, carries out compost fermentation and process, carry out the turning first time when the compost fermentation material temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃, carry out the turning second time when later temperature is raised to 65-70 ℃, later every interval 1-2 days turning once;
Compost fermentation was processed after 12-15 days, material in the fermentation vat is transferred on the ground in the booth, pile bar shaped, carry out the stacking fermentation, ferment and after 5-8 days material is made thinner to 30-50 ㎝, then use turnover throwing machine that material is circulated and throw loosely, make that material is lowered the temperature naturally, transpiring moisture, when temperature of charge drops to the weight percent content of the moisture in normal temperature, the material≤30%, finish the stacking fermentation;
Step 4, screening:
Above-mentioned material after the stacking fermentation by being transported on the vibratory screening apparatus, is carried out sub-sieve, and the fines after the sub-sieve is the water retention type organic fertilizer of granular.
As preferred version of the present invention:
In the described step 4, the fines after the sub-sieve is passed through extruder grain, cooling and drying again, the water retention type organic fertilizer of granulation shape, the coarse fodder after the sub-sieve turn back to step 3 and subsequent step as fermentation raw material after fragmentation.
As further preferred version of the present invention:
Bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100-200m when carrying out the stacking fermentation in the described step 3;
The diameter of the mesh of the vibratory screening apparatus that uses in the described step 4 is 5.5mm, the particle diameter＜5.5mm of the fines after vibratory screening apparatus carries out sub-sieve, the particle diameter＞5.5mm of the coarse fodder after the sub-sieve.
The effect of various raw materials is as follows among the present invention:
Edible vegetable blend oil bran cake is the by product that the vegetables oil processing industry produces, and main component is by product and the bentonitic mixtures such as soya-bean cake, corn-dodger, peanut press pulp, rapeseed cake.These mixtures not only contain abundant organic matter, protein, organonitrogen and organic potassium, also are being rich in the wilkinite with very strong water-absorbing-retaining function;
Wilkinite is numerous mineral associations and clay mineral take montmorillonite as main component, wilkinite has the specialty fibers structure, the water-absorbent of extra-heavy, swelling property, adsorptivity, tackiness and cationic exchange, can adsorb 8-15 doubly to the water yield of this volume, volumetric expansion after the suction, volume energy expands and increases several times to tens times, all right adsorption bleaching, to various gases, liquid, organic substance has certain adsorptive power, maximal absorptive capacity can reach 5 times to its weight, especially Acidic Bentonite and various oils are had good decoloration performance etc. through the atlapulgite of acid treatment activation.Because these special propertys of wilkinite, make it after modification, be widely used in the plant blend oil processing as the decolorizing purification clarification, improve filtration velocity and reduce free acid content and the extraordinary efficient petroleum product sorbent material that removes impurity and peculiar smell in the grease; In addition, wilkinite itself is exactly a kind of soil, assimilated by soil easily and adsorb, therefore to nonirrigated farmland, sand improvement, improve soil physico-chemical property, strengthen the soil water storage fertilizer-preserving ability, improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer and some and pollute degenerated soil good improvement and repair are arranged.It is the soil organic constituent by the microorganism decomposition and inversion that wilkinite enters soil system, very useful to ecological environmental protection;
Wilkinite is finished the adsorption cleaning task in plant blend oil processing process after, follow its by product and formed oily bran cake through de-oiling filtration squeezing;
Mushroom residue also claims mushroom source microbial bacteria, refers to cultivate the solid waste that various edible mushroomss are left later on.The mushroom slag not only contains abundant fungi, and namely edible mushrooms also is rich in the multiple beneficial actinomycetes, and its effect is as follows: the movable breeding of these mushrooms needs to decompose a large amount of organic carbon sources, thereby can accelerate xylogen, decomposition of cellulose; Free nitrogen in can fixed air improves the compost fertilizer efficiency; Actinomycetic advantage breeding activity can occupy the compost material space, and secretion antibiotic, can suppress harmful miscellaneous bacteria class growth, also can play the function of eliminating stink.In addition, contain abundant organic and higher N, P, K in the mushroom slag.After being manured into soil, the mushroom slag can increase soil fertility, improve Soil structure.
Water retention type organic fertilizer of the present invention has following technical indicator after testing:
Quality of organic matter mark (to dry base) 46-56%;
The massfraction (to dry base) of total nutrient (nitrogen+Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES+potassium oxide) is 5.4-6.8%, the massfraction 25-30% of moisture (bright sample), potential of hydrogen (PH) 5.7-8.5;
The limit index of heavy metal (unit: mg/kg): total arsenic (As) (to dry base) 5-9, total mercury (Hg) (to dry base) 0.2-1.0, total plumbous (Pb) (to dry base) 10-20, total chromium (Cr) (to dry base) 25-57, total cadmium (Cd) (to dry base) 0.5-1.2;
Induced worm egg death rate, colibacillus and germination factor all reach national Ministry of Agriculture's fertilizer newest standards (NY525-2011).
The present invention takes the lead in adjusting the product mix, environmental protection, non-harmful water-keeping material and organic matter are combined together, take the oily bran cake that contains the water-absorbing-retaining function as main material, select the high-quality organic waste: mushroom residue, chicken manure are auxiliary material, under the effect of microbial technique system, make collection suction, water conservation, release water, compose fertile the whole body, do not contain chemical ingredients and cheap highly effective water-keeping type organic fertilizer.
Concrete advantage of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention selects the organic waste material of multiple high-quality cheapness to be prepared into high-quality fertilizer, the organic water conservation material that in fertilizer, adds cheap high-content, namely after modification, add the wilkinite in the plant blend oil mixture, under the effect of microbial technique system, according to physicochemical property separately, reach the coordination republicanism, mutually modification, thereby improved the wholesomeness of fertilizer, broken through and added chemical inorganic water conservation material in the conventional fertilizers, it is polyacrylamide, the existing objectionable impurities such as acrylate increases and the single limitation of product efficacy, effectively overcome arid area and sand area, lack of water, water holding not, fertilizer conservation not, not drought-enduring, nutrient runs off easily and causes crop production reduction or lose receipts and a series of difficult problems such as water source and environmental pollution;
Product Green of the present invention, environmental protection, cheapness, efficient, its water-absorbing-retaining amount exceeds more than 50% than conventional fertilizer, using this product can will water and pour water or rainwater absorbs rapidly and preserves, become solid water and do not flow, do not ooze mistake, the local constant temperature of permanent preservation, during arid, in soil, slowly discharge moisture and nutrition; Water soluble fertilizer in the soil can also be got up such as absorptions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer in addition, for plant absorbing, effectively reduce fertilizer and agricultural chemicals seepage and run off, alleviate water of river and lake and environmental pollution;
Organic content of the present invention is high especially, can effectively regulate soil potential of hydrogen, increase soil fertility, improve Soil structure, improve the metabolism intensity of soil, promote microorganism to the decomposition and inversion ability of soil nutrient, be conducive to absorbing of crop, realize few with or need not chemical water-holding agent and the target of chemical fertilizer, ensure for production good quality and high output agricultural-food provide safely and effectively;
The present invention is based on organic waste resource in the recycle industrial and agricultural production, when carrying out harmless treatment solution secondary pollution, seek and excavate the fertilizer of the expensive chemosynthesis water-holding agent of cheap and easy to get, alternative tradition, both effective good fertilizer efficiency, the water-absorbing-retaining function is arranged again, the novelty that possesses skills and practicality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is preparation method's of the present invention process flow sheet.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Plant blend oil bran cake among following each embodiment is to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms through de-oiling in the edible vegetable blend oil processing process.
Embodiment 1:
Concrete steps and the processing condition of preparation process of the present invention are as follows:
(1) selects 4300 ㎏ plant blend oil bran cakes, 5400 ㎏ mushroom residues, above-mentioned Classification of materials is broken, then add 250 ㎏ monosodium glutamate waste liquids, 50 ㎏ organic waste zymophytes song, above-mentioned material is carried out mix and blend, obtain fermentation raw material, the moisture content of fermentation raw material is that 45%, C/N is 29: 1, organic content is that 55%, pH value is 6.5;
(2) above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to the fermentation vat compost fermentation, temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃ of for the first time turning, and later temperature begins turning in to two day once when being raised to 65 ℃; Ferment after 12-15 days and to change material over to the inner greenhouse ground face and be in strip the stacking fermentation, bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100m-200m, ferment and make thinner to 30-50 ㎝ after 5-8 days, use the turnover throwing machine circulation to throw the effect of faling apart, reach nature cooling, transpiring moisture, when temperature drops to normal temperature, moisture≤30%, finish the fermentation whole process, process through the vibratory screening apparatus sub-sieve, the fines of particle diameter＜5.5mm is the water retention type organic fertilizer of granular, the coarse fodder of particle diameter＞5.5mm turns back to the compost fermentation step as fermentation raw material after fragmentation.
Embodiment 2:
Concrete steps and the processing condition of preparation process of the present invention are as follows:
(1) selects 9800 ㎏ plant blend oil bran cakes, 9000 ㎏ chicken manures, above-mentioned Classification of materials is broken, then add 1060 ㎏ monosodium glutamate waste liquids, 140 ㎏ organic waste zymophytes song, above-mentioned material is carried out mix and blend, obtain fermentation raw material, the moisture content of fermentation raw material is that 48%, C/N is 26: 1, organic content is that 52%, pH value is 7;
(2) above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to the fermentation vat compost fermentation, temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃ of for the first time turning, and later temperature begins turning in to two day once when being raised to 68 ℃; Ferment after 12-15 days and to change material over to the inner greenhouse ground face and be in strip the stacking fermentation, bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100m-200m, ferment and make thinner to 30-50 ㎝ after 5-8 days, it is loose to use the turnover throwing machine circulation to throw, reach the nature cooling, the effect of transpiring moisture, when temperature drops to normal temperature, during moisture≤30%, finish the fermentation whole process, process through the vibratory screening apparatus sub-sieve, the fines of particle diameter＜5.5mm passes through extruder grain again, cooling and dry, the water retention type organic fertilizer of granulation shape, the coarse fodder of particle diameter＞5.5mm turns back to the compost fermentation step as fermentation raw material after fragmentation.
Embodiment 3:
Concrete steps and the processing condition of preparation process of the present invention are as follows:
(1) selects 9000 ㎏ plant blend oil bran cakes, 4570 ㎏ mushroom residues, 5630 ㎏ chicken manures, above-mentioned Classification of materials is broken, then add 600 ㎏ monosodium glutamate waste liquids, 200 ㎏ organic waste zymophytes song, above-mentioned material is carried out mix and blend, obtain fermentation raw material, the moisture content of fermentation raw material is that 43%, C/N is 31: 1, organic content is that 56%, pH value is 8;
(2) above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to the fermentation vat compost fermentation, temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃ of for the first time turning, and later temperature begins turning in to two day once when being raised to 70 ℃; Ferment after 12-15 days and to change material over to the inner greenhouse ground face and be in strip the stacking fermentation, bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100m-200m, ferment and make thinner to 30-50 ㎝ after 5-8 days, it is loose to use the turnover throwing machine circulation to throw, reach the nature cooling, the effect of transpiring moisture, when temperature drops to normal temperature, during moisture≤30%, finish the fermentation whole process, process through the vibratory screening apparatus sub-sieve, the fines of particle diameter＜5.5mm is the water retention type organic fertilizer of granular, perhaps the fines with particle diameter＜5.5mm passes through extruder grain again, cooling and dry, the water retention type organic fertilizer of granulation shape, the coarse fodder of particle diameter＞5.5mm turn back to the compost fermentation step as fermentation raw material after fragmentation.
More than to a kind of method for preparing water retention type organic fertilizer of providing of invention; having used specific case herein sets forth principle of the present invention and embodiment; obviously; the invention is not restricted to above example; many changes can also be arranged; also can hold the institute of directly deriving or associating from Inner disclosed by the invention for one of ordinary skill in the art and change, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. water retention type organic fertilizer is characterized in that being prepared from by the raw material of following weight percent content:
Plant blend oil bran cake 40-50%, organic waste 45-54%, conditioning agent 2.5-7%, microbial inoculant 0.5-1.0%;
Described plant blend oil bran cake is to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms through de-oiling in the edible vegetable blend oil processing process;
Described organic waste is a kind of in mushroom residue, the chicken manure, perhaps the mixture of mushroom residue and chicken manure;
Described conditioning agent is the waste liquid in the glutamate production process;
Described microbial inoculant is that the organic waste zymophyte is bent.
2. method for preparing water retention type organic fertilizer claimed in claim 1 may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, choose raw material:
Choose the raw material of following weight percent content:
Plant blend oil bran cake 40-50%, organic waste 45-54%, conditioning agent 2.5-7%, microbial inoculant 0.5-1.0%;
Described plant blend oil bran cake is to filter the dregs of fat that squeezing forms through de-oiling in the edible vegetable blend oil processing process;
Described organic waste is a kind of in mushroom residue, the chicken manure, perhaps the mixture of mushroom residue and chicken manure;
Described conditioning agent is monosodium glutamate waste liquid;
Described microbial inoculant is that the organic waste zymophyte is bent;
Step 2, broken raw material:
The mix and blend after fragmentation with above-mentioned plant blend oil bran cake and organic waste, spray conditioning agent and microbial inoculant during mix and blend, the pH value of regulating mixing raw material is 6-8, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35:1, organic content is 45-65%, the degree of moisture is 43-48%, obtains fermentation raw material;
Step 3, fermentative processing:
Above-mentioned fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, carries out compost fermentation and process, carry out the turning first time when the compost fermentation material temperature is raised to 55-60 ℃, carry out the turning second time when later temperature is raised to 65-70 ℃, later every interval 1-2 days turning once;
Compost fermentation was processed after 12-15 days, material in the fermentation vat is transferred on the ground in the booth, pile bar shaped, carry out the stacking fermentation, ferment and after 5-8 days material is made thinner to 30-50 ㎝, then use turnover throwing machine that material is circulated and throw loosely, make that material is lowered the temperature naturally, transpiring moisture, when temperature of charge drops to the weight percent content of the moisture in normal temperature, the material≤30%, finish the stacking fermentation;
Step 4, screening:
Above-mentioned material after the stacking fermentation by being transported on the vibratory screening apparatus, is carried out sub-sieve, and the fines after the sub-sieve is the water retention type organic fertilizer of granular.
3. a kind of method for preparing water retention type organic fertilizer according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
In the described step 4, the fines after the sub-sieve is passed through extruder grain, cooling and drying again, the water retention type organic fertilizer of granulation shape, the coarse fodder after the sub-sieve turn back to step 3 and subsequent step as fermentation raw material after fragmentation.
4. it is characterized in that according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of methods that prepare water retention type organic fertilizer:
Bar stack height of embankment 1m, wide 2m, length 100-200m when carrying out the stacking fermentation in the described step 3;
The diameter of the mesh of the vibratory screening apparatus that uses in the described step 4 is 5.5mm, the particle diameter＜5.5mm of the fines after vibratory screening apparatus carries out sub-sieve, the particle diameter＞5.5mm of the coarse fodder after the sub-sieve.
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| CN106613672A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | Rose apple plantation method |
| CN107298630A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-10-27 | 上海禾绿生物有机肥有限公司 | A kind of manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic |
| CN108207488A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-06-29 | 武汉蔬博农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of sand soil cultivation hickory chick |
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