CN107298630A - A kind of manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic - Google Patents
A kind of manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic Download PDFInfo
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- CN107298630A CN107298630A CN201710459272.1A CN201710459272A CN107298630A CN 107298630 A CN107298630 A CN 107298630A CN 201710459272 A CN201710459272 A CN 201710459272A CN 107298630 A CN107298630 A CN 107298630A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic, mainly include that raw material meal quick short steps are rapid, fermenting raw materials step, finely divided step, granulation step, cool drying step, finished product sampling observation step, from raw material proportioning, organic fertilizer is fused together with inorganic fertilizer, the advantage of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is combined, the two is combined so that the characteristics of fertilizer has slow, anxious mutually Ji, equalization stable, fertilizer is reached slow, steady, long effect, reach balance, efficient fertilizer purpose；Pass through the water content being accurately controlled in manufacture craft in each step compound fertilizer particle, make it that compound fertilizer particle sticks is more close, the compound fertilizer particle later stage produced is not easy to occur loosely, it ensure that slow discharges after being applied in soil, stably fertilizer permanent to crops, in addition, using convenient, only need to carry out disposably full topsoil as base manure with fertilizer applicator to use, can reduce labor intensity, reduce artificial use cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to granular organic fertilizer preparing technical field, more specifically, it relates to which a kind of biological organic is special multiple
The manufacture craft of fertilizer.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the crops being widely cultivated in China, needs to supply different nutrients in each stage of its growth.
Inorganic fertilizer, such as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are generally used in current fertilization of rice operation, though fertilizer efficiency is fast, easily
Cause soil hardening, fertilizer efficiency utilization rate is also low, and can decline Soil Microorganism content, reduce the work of edaphon
Property, it is unfavorable for the decomposition and release of organic matter nutrient.And using organic fertilizer to discharge, its fertilizer efficiency is slow, it is impossible to full in a short time
The growth of sufficient paddy rice needs.Above two fertilization mode, because the characteristic of fertilizer itself is limited to, no matter being used alone or mixing makes
With, it is required for being applied fertilizer to paddy rice for artificial many subseries, inefficiency and fertilizer efficiency is not high, it is impossible to used in full topsoil,
It is unfavorable for the growth of paddy rice and the reduction of cost of labor, this is accomplished by a kind of brand-new compound fertilizer material.
The content of the invention
Fertilizer efficiency can not be supplied, it is necessary to repeatedly discharge repeatedly for a long time by being applied to for fertilizer in practice in soil, wave
Take manpower and materials this problems, present invention aims at propose a kind of manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic, concrete scheme
It is as follows：
A kind of manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic, comprises the following steps：
S1, raw material meal quick short steps are rapid, and stalk dispensing is crushed, and length control is 0.5~3.0CM, feces of livestock and poultry class raw material powder
It is broken to and does not lump, screens out impurity, wherein, feces of livestock and poultry weight is 75-85% than part in raw material, and dispensing is powder of straw and/or useless bacterium
Bud material, weight is 15-25% than part；
S2, fermenting raw materials step, adjust raw material moisture, add microbial inoculum, deodorization fermentation, wherein, plus bacterium fermentation when raw material in moisture
Content control controls to be gradually decrease in 26-28%, fermentation process in 50-60% and later stage during 60-70%, fermentation, at the beginning of raw material
Beginning stacks 6-7 days after stirring, and is maintained 13-29 days when temperature rises to 30 DEG C of -40 DEG C of conditions, and rear control temperature rises to
55 DEG C -60 DEG C, maintenance is then slowly drop down to normal temperature in 15 days, and during which pH value control is in 5.5-8.0；
S3, finely divided step further crushes the stalk dispensing in raw material after fermentation, and length control is 0. 1-0.3CM,
Feces of livestock and poultry class raw material, which is crushed to, not to be lumpd, and setting order is pressed afterwards, and automatic gauge addition nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer simultaneously stir mixing,
After well mixed, the total available nutrient control of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is the 22% of raw material total amount；
The raw material mixed is added in Squeezinggranulator and granulated by S4, granulation step, above-mentioned original after being suppressed through Squeezinggranulator
Material is made cylindrical compound fertilizer particle, the above-mentioned long 2.0-4.0CM of compound fertilizer particle, and diameter is 0.4-0.6CM；
Compound fertilizer particle made from granulation step is placed into chilling roll and carries out wind cold drying by S5, cool drying step, cooling
To room temperature, water content is less than 16%, weeds out the substandard powder chip of granularity size, filter out compound fertilizer finished granule；
S6, finished product sampling observation step, inspects the compound fertilizer particle of setting weight ratio by random samples, detects granularity size, each original of compound fertilizer finished product
Expect mixed proportion, water content, register, if indices are in setting range, otherwise finished product packing storage judges
For unqualified finished product, above-mentioned finely divided step is returned.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, organic fertilizer is fused together with inorganic fertilizer, combines the excellent of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer
Point, the two is combined so that the characteristics of fertilizer has slow, anxious mutually Ji, equalization stable, makes fertilizer reach slow, steady, long effect, reach
Balance, efficient fertilizer purpose；Due to containing substantial amounts of organic matter in formula so that the compound fertilizer particle that this technique is produced can
The physics and chemistry and biological character of soil are effectively improved, strengthens the fertilizer efficiency of soil itself；In addition, applying convenient, base manure is made with fertilizer applicator
Carry out disposable full topsoil to use, can reduce labor intensity, reduce artificial use cost.
Further, in the fermenting raw materials step, the control of the raw material content of organic matter is 50-70%, overall carbon in raw material,
Nitrogen is 30-35 than control:1, carbon, nitrogen are 15-20 than control after fermentation maturity:1.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, it can make it that the content of organic matter of soil after the release of later stage compound fertilizer particle is supplemented,
And the reparation of carbon, nitrogen than being also beneficial to soil of aforementioned proportion.
Further, in the finely divided step,
Potash fertilizer includes any one in potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride；
Phosphate fertilizer includes ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and/or diammonium hydrogen phosphate；
Nitrogenous fertilizer includes urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and three's ratio of weight and number is 1：1：2；
Above-mentioned nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer three ratio of weight and number are 8：1：2；
The order of addition of above-mentioned three kinds of fertilizer is followed successively by potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and latter fertilizer is added after previous fertilizer is well mixed
Material is stirred mixing.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, it can to contain part instantaneity fertilizer in the compound fertilizer particle after extruder grain, it is full
The early growth demand of sufficient crop, when adding above-mentioned fertilizer, fully takes into account the hydrophilic sex differernce between each fertilizer, front and rear
Orderly addition can avoid mixed raw material from occurring caking phenomenon, also enable the fertilizer of addition to mix with being more uniformly distributed
Into raw material.
Further, the granulation step includes successively：
S41, sets pelletizing template, pelletizing template is in the form of annular discs and opens up granulation passage, above-mentioned granulation passage parallel to its axial direction
One section of material inlet is set in funnel-form；Passage one section away from charging aperture is granulated in cylinder setting, pelletizing template position
It is provided for raw material being pressed into the pressure roller of granulation passage, outer wall and the granulation mould of above-mentioned pressure roller in granulation passage charging aperture side
Plate is abutted, and the quantity of pressure roller in rotationally symmetrical is set for 3 and around the axial direction of pelletizing template；Pelletizing template is located at granulation passage and gone out
Material mouth side sets cutting knife, and for cutting off the fertilizer in strip exported by granulation passage ports, above-mentioned cutting knife is around granulation
Template axial rotation is set, wherein, it is 3- to granulate the ratio between the aperture area of passage charging aperture and the aperture area size of discharging opening
5:1, the diameter of granulation passage is 0.4-0.6CM, and cutting knife either synchronously or asynchronously drives rotation with pressure roller by external drive equipment,
It is ω/v=2 π/L to granulate the Ratio control between the charging rate of passage charging aperture and the rotational angular velocity of cutting knife, and wherein L is fertilizer
Expect length；
S42, sets sealing and negative pressure equipment, completely cuts off external environment condition and Squeezinggranulator and its attached transmission using plastic soft membrane
Negative pressure cavity, negative pressure equipment and above-mentioned negative pressure cavity are formed between band, plastic soft membrane and Squeezinggranulator and its attached conveyer belt
It is connected, absorbs the waste gas in negative pressure cavity；
S43, raw material granulation, using distributing device by finely divided and mixed raw material uniformly continuous spread in pelletizing template position
In granulation passage charging aperture side, open driving equipment and drive pressure roller to be continuously pressed into raw material in granulation passage, compacting is completed
Fertiliser granulates afterwards are discharged by granulation passage ports and cut off by cutting knife, form organic special compound fertilizer particle.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the angular speed of regulation pressure roller and cutting knife just can control the length of compound fertilizer particle, pass through
Change pelletizing template, it is possible to achieve the regulation of compound fertilizer particle compactness, it is very convenient.By reasonably setting the big of granulation passage
Small shape so that time of the raw material by extruding is elongated, the area ratio between regulation granulation passage charging aperture and discharging opening, control
The hardness of compound fertilizer particle.Pass through and sealing and negative pressure equipment are set, it is to avoid peculiar smell and steam is outer in extruder grain pressing process
Dissipate.
Further, humidification step is also had additional between finely divided step and granulation step, its detailed process is included such as
Lower step：
S411, sets humidification component, including the first conveyer belt and the second conveyer belt, the feeding end and fine powder of first conveyer belt
The material delivery outlet of broken equipment is connected, and the feeding end of second conveyer belt is arranged at the discharge end of first conveyer belt
The underface and feeding face of the two is arranged in parallel, the discharge end of the second conveyer belt is connected with the feeding mouth of the distributing device
It is logical, spray chamber, first conveyer belt and the second conveyer belt are covered with the first conveyer belt and the second conveyer belt material transition
One end extend into the spray chamber, the roof of the spray chamber is with being provided with atomizer, the atomization spray on the wall of side
Head is connected with the water-supply-pipe outside spray chamber；
S412, treats that granulating raw material is humidified, and will be transferred on the second conveyer belt, controlled using the first conveyer belt by finely divided raw material
Make the humidity in the vertical height and spray chamber between the first conveyer belt and the second conveyer belt, it is finely divided after raw material have first
During the second conveyer belt is dropped down onto under conveyer belt, the water droplets in raw material adsorption atomization room air are then dropped down onto down
On second conveyer belt and transmit into distributing device.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, will be finely divided before extruder grain process after material powder by spray chamber, due to
There is the water droplet of many steam states in spray chamber, above-mentioned water droplet can be adsorbed on material powder, and due to the steam in spray chamber point
Cloth is more uniform so that feed particles surface more can fifty-fifty be absorbed to moisture, after above-mentioned operation so that extruder grain
Raw material is easier to be pressed shaping in step, and more close stabilization is cohered between powder and powder, can also be to a certain degree
On avoid the unbalanced of moisture content distribution in compound fertilizer particle.
Further, it is described granulation passage in along its it is axially arranged have suction hose, the diameter of the suction hose, which is not more than, to be made
Permeable hole is provided with the 1/3 of grain channel diameter, the side wall of the suction hose, the diameter of the permeable hole is less than the particle of raw material
Spend size；
The suction hose extend into granulation passage in cylindrical one section by the charging aperture of granulation passage, and the suction hose is remote
The one end for granulating passage charging aperture is set and overall not less than granulation passage apart from the distance value of granulation passage ports in sealing
The 1/3 of length；
The open at one end of the suction hose is provided with and communicated with the water absorber that the steam penetrated into suction hose is discharged to suction hose.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the presence of suction hose can't influence the extruder grain process of raw material, extruder grain mistake
Raw material in journey is squeezed, and moisture can be penetrated into suction hose, so that suction hose is sponged on compound fertilizer particle axial direction
Moisture so that the middle part of compound fertilizer particle is more dry compared with top layer, thus, when compound fertilizer particle in transportation top layer moisture loss
Afterwards, the overall moisture distribution inside compound fertilizer particle can keep uniform, and compound fertilizer particle will not be sent out in a short time after later stage fertilising
Raw fragmentation, so as to ensure that fertilizer efficiency is stable and slowly discharges.
Further, the water absorber include with suction hose open at one end be socketed inhaling hose and with the air-breathing
The suction device that flexible pipe is connected；
The suction hose is made of stainless steel and is provided with support chip, the quantity of the support chip between its outer wall and granulation passage
To be multiple and set around the axial direction of the suction hose in rotationally symmetrical, the width of support chip and the axial direction of suction hose are flat
OK.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the moisture for separating out or extruding in material extruding granulation process can be penetrated into suction
In water pipe, then above-mentioned steam is siphoned away using suction device, so that the moisture effectively inside reduction compound fertilizer particle；Due to
Inhaling hose does not have the effect of squirrel-tail section, by setting support chip, suction hose can be fixed, prevent it in original
Deformed upon during material extruder grain.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
（1）Nutrient supply is balanced, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high, and the compound fertilizer particle that this technique is made uses high-quality organic fertilizer, natural humic
Sour and big or middle amount and micro- inorganic fertilizer, are formed according to the nutrient required for surveying soil and paddy growth by extruder grain, its
The advantage of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is combined, the two combination makes the characteristics of fertilizer has slow, anxious mutually Ji, equalization stable, makes fertilizer
Slow, anxious, long effect is reached, balance, efficient fertilizer purpose is reached；
（2）Improve soil environment, activating soil nutrient contains substantial amounts of organic matter in the compound fertilizer particle that this technique is made, can be with
Improve the effect of soil physical chemistry and biological character, natural humus acid can be supported with the nitrogen in activating soil, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, boron, manganese etc.
Point, it on the one hand can strengthen the activity of Soil Microorganism, promote the decomposition and mineral state phosphorus, effective activation of potassium of organic matter, respectively
The balanced release of nutrient is planted, the opposing party adjusts the pH value of soil to a certain extent, is at being conducive to most of nutrients to live
The scope of change, while can comparatively fast improve the living environment of edaphon, effectively suppresses to be harmful to miscellaneous bacteria growth breeding in soil,
Biological activity of soil is improved, rice plant well developed root system, the second of robust growth, particularly paddy rice and Section three cane it is slightly hard
Tough, the anti-fall disease resistance of paddy rice is greatly improved, and is reduced than routine with fertile with fertile 2 times, is reduced using agricultural chemicals 3 times；
（3）Application method is easy, and the compound fertilizer particle that the technique is produced typically is used as base manure, and can be used in full topsoil,
Disposable full topsoil is carried out with fertilizer applicator as base manure to use, can effectively mitigate and use labor intensity, improve machine during ploughing soil
The efficiency of tool fertilising, saves fertilising recruitment cost；
（4）Storage time is long, and because water content is relatively low in compound fertilizer particle, its natural dilatancy is poor, after a period of time is placed
Compound fertilizer particle internal moisture can reach more uniform degree, beneficial to long-term storage, be not easy to send out in a short time after release
Raw loose, fertilizer efficiency is stablized for a long time；
（5）Crop yield is high, and quality is excellent, and organic special compound fertilizer that the technique is produced has harmless, nontoxic, noresidue, right
Soil, plant, human body have no toxic side effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the fabrication processing schematic diagram of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of pelletizing template in granulation step；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of humidification component；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of suction hose in granulation passage.
Reference：1st, component is humidified；11st, the first conveyer belt；12nd, the second conveyer belt；13rd, spray chamber；14th, atomization spray
Head；15th, water-supply-pipe；16th, vibratory sieve；2nd, pelletizing template；21st, passage is granulated；22nd, pressure roller；23rd, cutting knife；24th, suction hose；26th, inhale
Gas flexible pipe；27th, support chip；28th, permeable hole；3rd, negative pressure equipment；4th, negative pressure cavity；5th, plastic soft membrane.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and figure, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not only limited
In this.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic, mainly by the road work of crushing-mixing-granulation three
Sequence, its concrete technology step is as follows：
S1, raw material meal quick short steps are rapid, and stalk dispensing is crushed, and length control is 0.5~3.0CM, feces of livestock and poultry class raw material powder
It is broken to and does not lump, screens out impurity, wherein, feces of livestock and poultry weight is 75-85% than part in raw material, and dispensing is powder of straw and/or useless bacterium
Bud material, weight is 15-25% than part；
S2, fermenting raw materials step, adjust raw material moisture, add microbial inoculum, deodorization fermentation, wherein, plus bacterium fermentation when raw material in moisture
Content control controls to be gradually decrease in 26-28%, fermentation process in 50-60% and later stage during 60-70%, fermentation, at the beginning of raw material
Beginning stacks 6-7 days after stirring, and is maintained 13-29 days when temperature rises to 30 DEG C of -40 DEG C of conditions, and rear control temperature rises to
55 DEG C -60 DEG C, maintenance is then slowly drop down to normal temperature in 15 days, and during which pH value control is in 5.5-8.0；
S3, finely divided step further crushes the stalk dispensing in raw material after fermentation, and length control is 0. 1-0.3CM,
Feces of livestock and poultry class raw material, which is crushed to, not to be lumpd, and setting order is pressed afterwards, and automatic gauge addition nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer simultaneously stir mixing,
After well mixed, the total available nutrient control of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is the 22% of raw material total amount；
The raw material mixed is added in Squeezinggranulator and granulated by S4, granulation step, above-mentioned original after being suppressed through Squeezinggranulator
Material is made cylindrical compound fertilizer particle, the above-mentioned long 2.0-4.0CM of compound fertilizer particle, and diameter is 0.4-0.6CM；
Compound fertilizer particle made from granulation step is placed into chilling roll and carries out wind cold drying by S5, cool drying step, cooling
To room temperature, water content is less than 16%, weeds out the substandard powder chip of granularity size, filter out compound fertilizer finished granule；
S6, finished product sampling observation step, inspects the compound fertilizer particle of setting weight ratio by random samples, detects granularity size, each original of compound fertilizer finished product
Expect mixed proportion, water content, register, if indices are in setting range, otherwise finished product packing storage judges
For unqualified finished product, above-mentioned finely divided step is returned.
In step sl, fowl poultry kind excrement includes chicken manure and duck excrement, and stalk dispensing is mainly wheat stalk, rice straw
And maize straw, wood chip and useless bacterium bud material are also included in specific embodiment, screen out in step sl fowl poultry kind excrement and
Large granular impurity in stalk dispensing, such as stone, plastic tape, metal derby etc..In step s 2, in order to accelerate compost fermentation
In speed, specific embodiment, some quick rotting agents and/or humic acid can be added in the feed, it is preferred that used certainly in the present embodiment
Right compost fermentation, makes full use of the microorganism having in raw material to be fermented, and controls hair in fermentation process by the way of turning
The temperature of ferment.55 DEG C -60 DEG C optimum temperatures for During High-Temperature Composting, can kill most of pathogenic microorganisms（All kinds of harmful bacterias）With it is each
Worm's ovum and weed seed are planted, innoxious requirement is reached.Raw material is mainly ground by slimer in above-mentioned steps S3 so that raw material is most
It is rendered as eventually powdered, part moisture can be lost in process of lapping.Azophoska is added according to the order of setting, specific
In embodiment, some trace elements, such as zinc, boron, manganese, sulphur, magnesium, iron can be added according to different crop demands.
It is described in further detail, in fermenting raw materials step, the control of the raw material content of organic matter is 50-70%, overall carbon in raw material,
Nitrogen is 30-35 than control:1, carbon, nitrogen are 15-20 than control after fermentation maturity:1.
In order to cause to contain part instantaneity fertilizer in the compound fertilizer particle after extruder grain, the early stage life of crop is met
Long demand, in finely divided step, potash fertilizer includes any one in potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride；Phosphate fertilizer includes di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen ammonium and/or diammonium hydrogen phosphate.Nitrogenous fertilizer includes urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and three's ratio of weight and number is 1：1：2.Above-mentioned nitrogen
Fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer three ratio of weight and number are 8：1：2.The order of addition of above-mentioned three kinds of fertilizer is followed successively by potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer,
Latter fertilizer, which is added, after previous fertilizer is well mixed is stirred mixing.
In order that it is finely divided after material powder particle can be by more preferable extruder grain to together, the compound fertilizer particle later stage
It is difficult loosely, also humidifying processing have been carried out to material powder before raw material is suppressed, it is therefore intended that enhancing material powder
Adhesion, saves the use of chemical binder, reduces the toxicity of fertilizer.
Specifically, for granulation step, include successively：
S41, sets pelletizing template 2, with reference to shown in Fig. 2, pelletizing template 2 is in the form of annular discs and opens up granulation passage parallel to its axial direction
21, one section of the above-mentioned material inlet of granulation passage 21 is set in funnel-form；Passage 21 one section away from charging aperture is granulated in circle
Cylindricality is set, and pelletizing template 2 is located at the pressure that granulation passage 21 charging aperture side is provided for raw material being pressed into granulation passage 21
Roller 22, the outer wall of above-mentioned pressure roller 22 is abutted with pelletizing template 2, and the quantity of pressure roller 22 for 3 and is in rotation around the axial direction of pelletizing template 2
Turn to be symmetrical arranged；Pelletizing template 2 is located at granulation passage 21 discharging opening side and sets cutting knife 23, is gone out for cutting off by granulation passage 21
The fertilizer in strip of material mouth output, above-mentioned cutting knife 23 is set around the axial rotation of pelletizing template 2, wherein, granulation passage 21 enters
The ratio between the aperture area of material mouth and the aperture area size of discharging opening are 3-5:1, the diameter of granulation passage 21 is 0.4-
0.6CM, cutting knife 23 either synchronously or asynchronously drives rotation with pressure roller 22 by external drive equipment, granulates the charging speed of the charging aperture of passage 21
Ratio control between degree and the rotational angular velocity of cutting knife 23 is ω/v=2 π/L, and wherein L is fertilizer length；
S42, sets sealing and negative pressure equipment 3, completely cuts off external environment condition and Squeezinggranulator and its attached transmission using plastic soft membrane 5
Band, forms negative pressure cavity 4 between plastic soft membrane 5 and Squeezinggranulator and its attached conveyer belt, negative pressure equipment 3 is empty with above-mentioned negative pressure
Chamber 4 is connected, and absorbs the waste gas in negative pressure cavity 4；
S43, raw material granulation, using distributing device by finely divided and mixed raw material uniformly continuous spread in pelletizing template 2
Positioned at granulation passage 21 charging aperture side, open driving equipment and drive pressure roller 22 to be continuously pressed into raw material in granulation passage 21,
Fertiliser granulates after the completion of compacting are discharged by the discharging opening of granulation passage 21 and cut off by cutting knife 23, form organic special compound fertilizer
Grain.
Based on above-mentioned design, the angular speed of regulation pressure roller 22 and cutting knife 23 just can control the length of compound fertilizer particle, preferably
, the quantity of pressure roller 22 is 3, the ratio between corresponding charging rate and the rotational angular velocity of cutting knife 23 in the present embodiment
Control as ω/v=2 π/3L.It is very convenient by changing pelletizing template 2, it is possible to achieve the regulation of compound fertilizer particle compactness.Pass through
The size shape of granulation passage 21 is reasonably set so that time of the raw material by extruding is elongated, regulation granulation passage 21 is fed
Area ratio between mouth and discharging opening, controls the hardness of compound fertilizer particle.By setting sealing and negative pressure equipment 3, it is to avoid in extruding
Peculiar smell and the outer of steam dissipate in granulation process.
For the processing of above-mentioned humidifying, that is, step is humidified, is further described with reference to Fig. 3, it is specific as follows：
S411, sets humidification component 1, including the first conveyer belt 11 and the second conveyer belt 12, the feeding end of the first conveyer belt 11 and
The material delivery outlet of fine crushing equipment is connected, and the feeding end of the second conveyer belt 12 is arranged at the discharge end of the first conveyer belt 11
The underface and feeding face of the two is arranged in parallel, the discharge end of the second conveyer belt 12 is connected with the feeding mouth of distributing device
It is logical, spray chamber 13 is covered with the first conveyer belt 11 and the material transition of the second conveyer belt 12, the first conveyer belt 11 and second is passed
One end of band 12 is sent to extend into spray chamber 13, the roof of spray chamber 13 is with being provided with atomizer 14, atomization spray on the wall of side
First 14 are connected with the water-supply-pipe 15 outside spray chamber 13；
S412, treats that granulating raw material is humidified, and will be transferred to the second conveyer belt 12 using the first conveyer belt 11 by finely divided raw material
On, control the first conveyer belt 11 and the second conveyer belt 12 between vertical height and the humidity in spray chamber 13, it is finely divided after
Raw material have and drop down onto the second conveyer belt 12 under the first conveyer belt 11 during, the mist in the air of raw material adsorption spray chamber 13
Change water droplet, then drop down onto down on the second conveyer belt 12 and transmit into distributing device.
Material powder after will be finely divided before extruder grain process is by spray chamber 13, due to having many in spray chamber 13
The water droplet of steam state, above-mentioned water droplet can be adsorbed on material powder, and because the Water Vapor Distribution in spray chamber 13 is more uniform, is made
Obtaining feed particles surface more can fifty-fifty be absorbed to moisture, after above-mentioned operation, and the material powder of granulation to be extruded is overall
Water content is promoted to 30-35% or so, and due to the uniform attachment of atomized steam, material powder can be avoided to lump so that extruding
Raw material is easier to be pressed shaping in granulation step, and more close stabilization is cohered between powder and powder, can also be certain
The unbalanced of moisture content distribution in compound fertilizer particle is avoided in degree.As shown in figure 3, the atomizer 14 in above-mentioned spray chamber 13
Set in multidirectional to ensure that the steam after atomization is uniformly filled in spray chamber 13.Raw material on the first conveyer belt 11 enters atomization
After in room 13, a vibratory sieve 16 is additionally provided with, is mainly used in will go into raw material vibration in spray chamber 13 uniform then again
Fall on the second conveyer belt 12, be conducive to uniform moisture to be attached to the surface of feed particles.
For some biological organic fertilizers being in granular form at present, maximum defect is that granular fertilizer itself is easily loose, pine
Organic fertilizer after dissipating can be quickly fertilizer efficiency is applied in soil, do not reach it is permanent effectively, the effect of stable output fertility.This hair
In bright, to avoid the appearance of above mentioned problem, in extruder grain technique, as shown in figure 4, axially arranged along its in granulation passage 21
Suction hose 24, the diameter of suction hose 24, which is not more than on the 1/3 of the granulation diameter of passage 21, the side wall of suction hose 24, is provided with permeable hole
28, the diameter of permeable hole 28 is less than the granularity size of raw material, to prevent feed particles from passing through permeable hole 28.
It is in suction hose 24 in one section of cylinder that suction hose 24 extend into granulation passage 21 by the charging aperture of granulation passage 21
Set away from the one end for granulating the charging aperture of passage 21 in sealing and be not less than granulation apart from the distance value of the granulation discharging opening of passage 21
The 1/3 of the entire length of passage 21, preferred ratio is 1/4, because the diameter of suction hose 24 is excessive, compound fertilizer particle can be caused hollow,
It is unfavorable for granulating the extruder grain process of raw material in passage 21, and suction hose 24 is too small, is unfavorable for being located at granular center again
Moisture is discharged.
Corresponding, the open at one end of suction hose 24 is provided with and communicated with to discharge the steam penetrated into suction hose 24 and absorbed water
The water absorber of pipe 24.
The main purpose of such scheme is：The presence of suction hose 24 can't influence the extruder grain process of raw material, squeeze
Raw material in pressure granulation process is squeezed, and fitting in the moisture on the surface of suction hose 24 can penetrate into suction hose 24, thus make
Suction hose 24 sponges moisture on compound fertilizer particle axial direction so that the middle part of compound fertilizer particle is more dry compared with top layer.Work as compound fertilizer
Particle is in transportation, and its superficial water branch occurs naturally evaporation and scattered and disappeared, and causes top layer slight crack occur, and in compound fertilizer particle
The presence of portion's moisture, can cause the expansion that existed in the middle part of compound fertilizer particle, slight deformation caused by above-mentioned expansion and above-mentioned steaming
Micro-flaw interacts so that compound fertilizer particle easily fragmentation occurs in later stage storage transport process, ultimately results in compound fertilizer particle
Stabilization, permanent output fertility this purpose are not reached.Above-mentioned suction hose 24 is absorbed after the moisture on compound fertilizer particle axial direction, its top layer
Moist part may proceed to permeate inward, can partly evaporate lost, but can cause the water content of compound fertilizer particle more on the whole
Uniformly, think and act in one and the same way, the fertilizer that can stablize for a long time after being applied in soil.
Be described in detail, water absorber include with the open at one end of suction hose 24 be socketed inhaling hose 26 and with inhaling hose 26
The suction device being connected.Suction hose 24 is made up of the stainless steel of high intensity and is provided with branch between its outer wall and granulation passage 21
Blade 27, the quantity of support chip 27 is multiple and set around the axial direction of suction hose 24 in rotationally symmetrical, the width of support chip 27
Direction and the axially in parallel process not influence extruder grain of suction hose 24., can be by by raw material using above-mentioned technical proposal
The moisture for separating out or extruding during extruder grain is penetrated into suction hose 24, then utilizes suction device（Such as air pump）Will
Above-mentioned steam is siphoned away, so that the moisture effectively inside reduction compound fertilizer particle.Because inhaling hose 26 absorbs water without fixed
The effect of pipe 24, by setting support chip 27, can be fixed to suction hose 24, prevent it in material extruding granulation process
Deform upon.After Squeezinggranulator works a period of time, stop the spread of raw material, air pump is switched to air blowing mould by exhaust mode
Formula, can also be cleaned using air-flow to granulation passage 21, while will be blocked in air intake duct air-vent using said flow
Impurity blow away, it is ensured that permeable hole 28 it is unimpeded, facilitate later-stage utilization.
The present invention operation principle and have the beneficial effect that：
From raw material proportioning, organic fertilizer is fused together with inorganic fertilizer, combines the advantage of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the two knot
Close cause fertilizer have it is slow, anxious mutually help, the characteristics of equalization stable, fertilizer is reached slow, steady, long effect, reach balance, efficient
Fertilizer purpose.Due to containing substantial amounts of organic matter, the trace element such as also micro zinc, boron so that this technique system in formula
The compound fertilizer particle made can be effectively improved the physics and chemistry and biological character of soil, strengthen the fertilizer efficiency of soil itself.By making
The water content in each step compound fertilizer particle is accurately controlled in technique so that it is more close that compound fertilizer particle can stick, it is raw
The compound fertilizer particle later stage of output is not easy to occur loosely, to ensure that slow discharges after being applied in soil, permanent to crops
Stably fertilizer.In addition, applying convenient, only needing to carry out disposably full topsoil as base manure with fertilizer applicator uses, and can lighten one's labor
Intensity, reduces artificial use cost.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-mentioned implementation
Example, all technical schemes belonged under thinking of the present invention belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
Those of ordinary skill for, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, raw material meal quick short steps are rapid, and stalk dispensing is crushed, and length control is 0.5~3.0CM, feces of livestock and poultry class raw material powder
It is broken to and does not lump, screens out impurity, wherein, feces of livestock and poultry weight is 75-85% than part in raw material, and dispensing is powder of straw and/or useless bacterium
Bud material, weight is 15-25% than part；
S2, fermenting raw materials step, adjust raw material moisture, add microbial inoculum, deodorization fermentation, wherein, plus bacterium fermentation when raw material in moisture
Content control controls to be gradually decrease in 26-28%, fermentation process in 50-60% and later stage during 60-70%, fermentation, at the beginning of raw material
Beginning stacks 6-7 days after stirring, and is maintained 13-29 days when temperature rises to 30 DEG C of -40 DEG C of conditions, and rear control temperature rises to
55 DEG C -60 DEG C, maintenance is then slowly drop down to normal temperature in 15 days, and during which pH value control is in 5.5-8.0；
S3, finely divided step further crushes the stalk dispensing in raw material after fermentation, and length control is 0. 1-0.3CM,
Feces of livestock and poultry class raw material, which is crushed to, not to be lumpd, and setting order is pressed afterwards, and automatic gauge addition nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer simultaneously stir mixing,
After well mixed, the total available nutrient control of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is the 22% of raw material total amount；
The raw material mixed is added in Squeezinggranulator and granulated by S4, granulation step, above-mentioned original after being suppressed through Squeezinggranulator
Material is made cylindrical compound fertilizer particle, the above-mentioned long 2.0-4.0CM of compound fertilizer particle, and diameter is 0.4-0.6CM；
Compound fertilizer particle made from granulation step is placed into chilling roll and carries out wind cold drying by S5, cool drying step, cooling
To room temperature, water content is less than 16%, weeds out the substandard powder chip of granularity size, filter out compound fertilizer finished granule；
S6, finished product sampling observation step, inspects the compound fertilizer particle of setting weight ratio by random samples, detects granularity size, each original of compound fertilizer finished product
Expect mixed proportion, water content, register, if indices are in setting range, otherwise finished product packing storage judges
For unqualified finished product, above-mentioned finely divided step is returned.
2. the manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fermenting raw materials step
In rapid, the control of the raw material content of organic matter is that overall carbon, nitrogen are 30-35 than control in 50-70%, raw material:1, carbon after fermentation maturity,
Nitrogen is 15-20 than control:1.
3. the manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the finely divided step
In,
Potash fertilizer includes any one in potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride；
Phosphate fertilizer includes ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and/or diammonium hydrogen phosphate；
Nitrogenous fertilizer includes urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and three's ratio of weight and number is 1：1：2；
Above-mentioned nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer three ratio of weight and number are 8：1：2；
The order of addition of above-mentioned three kinds of fertilizer is followed successively by potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and latter fertilizer is added after previous fertilizer is well mixed
Material is stirred mixing.
4. the manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the granulation step according to
It is secondary including：
S41, sets pelletizing template (2), pelletizing template (2) is in the form of annular discs and opens up granulation passage (21) parallel to its axial direction, on
State granulation passage (21) material inlet one section is set in funnel-form；Granulate the remote charging aperture of passage (21) one section is in cylinder
Shape is set, and pelletizing template (2) is located at granulation passage (21) charging aperture side and is provided for raw material being pressed into granulation passage (21)
Pressure roller (22), the outer wall of above-mentioned pressure roller (22) abuts with pelletizing template (2), and the quantity of pressure roller (22) is for 3 and around granulation mould
The axial direction of plate (2) is set in rotationally symmetrical；Pelletizing template (2) is located at granulation passage (21) discharging opening side and sets cutting knife (23),
For cutting off the fertilizer in strip exported by granulation passage (21) discharging opening, above-mentioned cutting knife (23) is around pelletizing template (2) axle
Set to rotating, wherein, it is 3-5 to granulate the ratio between the aperture area of passage (21) charging aperture and the aperture area size of discharging opening:
1, the diameter of granulation passage (21) is 0.4-0.6CM, and cutting knife (23) is synchronous or different by external drive equipment with pressure roller (22)
Step driving is rotated, and the Ratio control granulated between the charging rate of passage (21) charging aperture and the rotational angular velocity of cutting knife (23) is
ω/v=2 π/L, wherein L are fertilizer length；
S42, sets sealing and negative pressure equipment (3), completely cuts off external environment condition and Squeezinggranulator and its attached using plastic soft membrane (5)
Conveyer belt, between plastic soft membrane (5) and Squeezinggranulator and its attached conveyer belt formed negative pressure cavity (4), negative pressure equipment (3) with
Above-mentioned negative pressure cavity (4) is connected, and absorbs the waste gas in negative pressure cavity (4)；
S43, raw material granulation, using distributing device by finely divided and mixed raw material uniformly continuous spread in pelletizing template
(2) it is located at granulation passage (21) charging aperture side, it is logical that raw material is continuously pressed into granulation by unlatching driving equipment driving pressure roller (22)
In road (21), the fertiliser granulates after the completion of compacting are discharged by granulation passage (21) discharging opening and cut off by cutting knife (23), are formed with
The special compound fertilizer particle of machine.
5. the manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic according to claim 4, it is characterised in that finely divided step with
Humidification step is also had additional between granulation step, its detailed process comprises the following steps：
S411, sets humidification component (1), including the first conveyer belt (11) and the second conveyer belt (12), first conveyer belt
(11) feeding end is connected with the material delivery outlet of fine crushing equipment, and the feeding end of second conveyer belt (12) is arranged at institute
State the underface of the discharge end of the first conveyer belt (11) and the feeding face of the two is arranged in parallel, the second conveyer belt (12) go out
Material end is connected with the feeding mouth of the distributing device, is covered at the first conveyer belt (11) and the second conveyer belt (12) material transition
Provided with spray chamber (13), first conveyer belt (11) and one end of the second conveyer belt (12) extend into the spray chamber (13)
In, the roof of the spray chamber (13) on the wall of side with being provided with atomizer (14), the atomizer (14) and spray chamber
(13) outside water-supply-pipe (15) is connected；
S412, treats that granulating raw material is humidified, and will be transferred to the second conveyer belt using the first conveyer belt (11) by finely divided raw material
(12) it is wet in the vertical height and spray chamber (13) between the first conveyer belt of control (11) and the second conveyer belt (12) on
Degree, it is finely divided after raw material have and drop down onto the second conveyer belt (12) under the first conveyer belt (11) during, raw material adsorption mist
Change the water droplets in room (13) air, then drop down onto down on the second conveyer belt (12) and transmit into distributing device.
6. the manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the granulation passage
(21) in along its it is axially arranged have a suction hose (24), the diameter of the suction hose (24) is not more than the 1/ of granulation passage (21) diameter
3, permeable hole (28) is provided with the side wall of the suction hose (24), the diameter of the permeable hole (28) is less than the granularity of raw material
Size；
It is in institute in one section of cylinder that the suction hose (24) extend into granulation passage (21) by the charging aperture of granulation passage (21)
The one end of suction hose (24) away from granulation passage (21) charging aperture is stated to set in sealing and apart from granulation passage (21) discharging opening
1/3 of distance value not less than granulation passage (21) entire length；
The open at one end of the suction hose (24) is provided with and communicated with discharges suction hose by the steam penetrated into suction hose (24)
(24) water absorber.
7. the manufacture craft of the special compound fertilizer of biological organic according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the water absorber bag
Include the inhaling hose (26) being socketed with suction hose (24) open at one end and set with the air-breathing that the inhaling hose (26) is connected
It is standby；
The suction hose (24) is made of stainless steel and is provided with support chip (27) between its outer wall and granulation passage (21), described
The quantity of support chip (27) is multiple and set around the axial direction of the suction hose (24) in rotationally symmetrical, the width of support chip (27)
Degree direction is axially in parallel with suction hose (24).
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| CN109126633A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-04 | 山东华鲁恒升化工股份有限公司 | The urea prilling tower of high finished product rate |
| CN110256154A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-20 | 宁波恒鑫生物科技有限公司 | A kind of novel biological inorganic and organic mixed fertilizer material |
| CN110615717A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-27 | 昆明学院 | Soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and application thereof |
| CN112549222A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-03-26 | 上海湃达建筑材料有限公司 | Wood chip collecting and grinding equipment |
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| CN110256154A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-20 | 宁波恒鑫生物科技有限公司 | A kind of novel biological inorganic and organic mixed fertilizer material |
| CN110615717A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-27 | 昆明学院 | Soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and application thereof |
| CN112549222A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-03-26 | 上海湃达建筑材料有限公司 | Wood chip collecting and grinding equipment |
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