CN101068761B - 通过甘油的氯化制备二氯丙醇的方法 - Google Patents

通过甘油的氯化制备二氯丙醇的方法 Download PDF

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CN101068761B
CN101068761B CN2006800006745A CN200680000674A CN101068761B CN 101068761 B CN101068761 B CN 101068761B CN 2006800006745 A CN2006800006745 A CN 2006800006745A CN 200680000674 A CN200680000674 A CN 200680000674A CN 101068761 B CN101068761 B CN 101068761B
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菲利普·克拉夫特
克里斯蒂安·弗兰克
伊凡·德安多兰科
罗杰·韦拉克
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Abstract

用于制备二氯丙醇的方法,其中甘油与含有盐酸的氯化剂在一种与汽相达到平衡的液体介质中反应,并且防止具有汽相组成的馏分冷凝。

Description

通过甘油的氯化制备二氯丙醇的方法
本专利申请要求于2005年11月8日提交的美国临时专利申请60/734637的优先权,并将该临时专利的内容合并于此作为参考。 
本发明涉及一种用于制备二氯丙醇的方法,其中甘油和一种氯化剂在可选存在有机酸的条件下反应,使得得到的反应产物中含有二氯丙醇。该二氯丙醇可以与其它反应产物分离,并且可以随后进行脱氯化氢的反应,从而制备表氯醇。该方法已经在SOLVAY SA的专利申请WO 2005/054167中公开,将该专利申请的内容合并于本申请中作为参考。一种优选的氯化剂是氯化氢。 
在本方法中,甘油与氯化剂的反应优选在一反应器及相关的辅助设备中进行,该反应器及相关的辅助设备由耐受氯化剂的材料制备或涂覆,尤其在反应条件下耐受氯化氢。搪瓷(搪玻璃)钢是优选的容器材料。然而,本申请人发现该材料仍然存在令人不满意的地方,例如当富含氯化氢成分的蒸汽在反应器和相关的辅助设备的内壁上冷凝时,该材质可以被含有水、二氯丙醇和氯化氢的液体混合物腐蚀。 
本发明的目的是提供一种不存在这些问题的用于制备二氯丙醇的方法。 
因此,本发明涉及一种用于制备二氯丙醇的方法,其中甘油与含有氯化氢的氯化剂在容器中反应,容器中液体介质与汽相达到平衡并且容器中液体介质表面以上的至少一部分容器内壁保持在温 度低于120℃、或比汽相的露点温度至少高1℃的温度下、和/或用液体进行滴流。 
容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁的一部分连续或间歇地维持在所需温度。 
在120℃的温度下,当含有至少4重量%氯化氢的氯化氢/水液体混合物存在时,观测到搪瓷钢的腐蚀速率至少为0.01mm/年。 
该容器可以是其中液相温度高于120℃的用于制备二氯丙醇的方法中的任何容器,如反应器、蒸馏塔、汽提塔或滗析器(或油水分离器)。 
目前研究发现,在该温度条件和/或湿度条件下工作,液体介质表面以上的容器内壁的腐蚀可以减少。抛开各种理论的限制,发现当容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁温度低于120℃时,即使与含有水、氯化氢和二氯丙醇的腐蚀性非常强的冷凝混合物接触时其腐蚀率也降低了。另外还发现当容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁温度比液体介质上部汽相的露点温度高至少1℃时,腐蚀率也降低了,这是因为减少了含有水、氯化氢和二氯丙醇的蒸汽冷凝。最后还发现容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁用液体进行滴流,通过稀释降低了含有水、氯化氢和二氯丙醇的冷凝混合物的腐蚀性。容器构成材料的腐蚀性的降低可以进一步减少与后续的设备更新相关的费用。 
在由含有水、氯化氢和二氯丙醇的蒸汽冷凝得到的腐蚀性液体混合物中,氯化氢含量一般高于或等于混合物重量的1%,经常高于或等于3%,且常常高于或等于5%。氯化氢含量一般低于或等于混合物重量的80%,经常低于或等于60%,且常常低于或等于50%。 
在由含有水、氯化氢和二氯丙醇的蒸汽冷凝得到的腐蚀性液体混合物中,水含量一般高于或等于混合物重量的4%,经常高于或等于5%,且常常高于或等于10%。水含量一般低于或等于混合物重量的80%,经常低于或等于70%,且常常低于或等于60%。 
在由含有水、氯化氢和二氯丙醇的蒸汽冷凝得到的腐蚀性液体混合物中,二氯丙醇含量一般高于或等于混合物重量的4%,经常高于或等于5%,且常常高于或等于10%。二氯丙醇含量一般低于或等于混合物重量的80%,经常低于或等于70%,且常常低于或等于60%。 
在含有水、氯化氢和二氯丙醇的腐蚀性液体混合物中还存在其它化合物,例如甘油、一氯丙二醇,以及它们的酯。 
容器中液体介质表面被定义为在容器稳定操作状态时液体的平面。 
容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁一般是从容器中的液体介质表面以上延伸到容器顶部。 
根据本发明方法的第一实施例,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁的温度低于120℃,优选低于或等于110℃,更优选低于或等于100℃,最优选低于或等于90℃。 
根据第一实施例的第一变化方案,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁通过外部冷却系统降温。该系统可以是,例如冷却流体在容器中液体介质表面以上的容器部分(常规的双壁夹套)的内外壁间循环,或冷却流体在与容器中液体介质表面以上的容器外壁接触的焊接于或通过导热接合剂连接于容器壁上或置于保护层中(例如保护层中埋藏的蛇形管或在大量保护层中钻出的管道)的蛇形管中或半壳管(半管夹套)中循环,或用冷却流体冲洗容器中液体介质表面以上的容器外壁。该冷却流体可以是气体或液体。当冲洗外壁时优选使用气体流体。该气体可以是,例如干燥空气或氮气。当在双壁夹套和蛇形管中循环时,优选使用液体流体。该液体可以是有机液体,无机液体或它们的混合物。优选使用无机液体,更优选使用水。
根据第一实施例的第二变化方案,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁通过用冷却流体冲洗内壁来降温。该流体可以是气体或液体。该气体可以是,例如氯化氢或水蒸汽。该气体的温度低于液体介质的温度。流体优选是液体。该液体可以选自在处理蒸馏、蒸发或汽提塔中与液体介质平衡的汽相时产生的冷的冷凝液,或选自甘油、水、氯化氢的水溶液、二氯丙醇、一氯丙二醇,及其混合物。至于冷的冷凝液,需要说明的是冷凝液的温度低于与液体介质平衡的汽相的温度。 
调节冷却流体的温度以使内壁温度达到上述要求。 
根据本发明方法的第二实施例,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁的温度比液体介质上部蒸汽的露点温度至少高1℃,优选至少高3℃,更优选至少高5℃,最优选至少高10℃。 
根据第二实施例的第一变化方案,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁通过外部加热系统升温。该系统可以是,例如加热流体在容器中液体介质表面以上的容器部分(常规的双壁夹套)的内外壁间循环,或加热流体在与容器中液体介质表面以上的容器外壁接触的焊接于或通过导热接合剂连接于容器壁上的蛇形管中或半壳管(半管夹套)中循环,或用加热流体冲洗容器中液体介质表面以上的容器外壁。容器中液体介质表面以上的容器部分的加热也可以用电伴热或用辐射的方法实现,例如像红外辐射的电磁辐射。当使用加热流体时,可以是气体或液体。当使用双壁夹套或蛇形管或半壳 系统进行外部加热时,优选使用液体。该液体可以是有机、无机液体或它们的混合物。优选为无机液体,最优选为加压水。当用加热流体冲洗进行加热时,该流体优选为热气体。至于热气体,需要说明的是气体温度高于液体介质温度。该气体可以是氮气、空气或水蒸汽。更优选为水蒸汽。最优选为绝对压力低于10巴的水蒸汽。 
根据第二实施例的第二变化方案,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁通过内部加热系统升温,并且可选将绝热设备置于液体介质表面以上的容器外壁上。通过用加热流体冲洗内壁进行内部加热。至于加热流体,需要说明的是加热流体的温度高于液体介质的温度。该流体可以是,例如氮气、水蒸汽、氯化氢或由甘油和氯化氢反应产生的低沸点化合物如二氯丙醇、或它们的混合物。该气体可以通过任意适宜的方式引入容器中,例如以一种在容器中液面以上产生螺旋蒸汽的方式。 
调节加热流体的温度以使内壁温度达到上述要求。 
可以使用各种绝热设备。绝热材料可以由无机材料如珍珠岩、有机材料或其混合物制备。 
根据本发明方法的第三实施例,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁用液体进行滴流。该液体可以选自在处理蒸馏、蒸发或汽提塔中与液体介质平衡的汽相时产生的冷的冷凝液,或选自甘油、水、氯化氢的水溶液、二氯丙醇、一氯丙二醇,以及它们的混合物。至于冷的冷凝液,需要说明的是冷凝液的温度低于与液体介质平衡的汽相的温度。该液体可以选自本方法中具有低浓度氯化氢的其它部分。 
上述各实施例可以组合使用。 
根据本发明方法的第四实施例,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁可以加热并用液体进行滴流。在该实施例中,优选加热容器中液体介质表面以上的内壁上部,并且优选对容器中液体介质表面以上的内壁下部进行滴流。该下部一般是从容器中的液面延伸到液面以上0.1m处。该上部一般是从液面以上0.5m延伸到容器顶部。 
根据本发明方法的第五实施例,容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁可以冷却并用液体进行滴流。 
下面的实施例用来说明本发明,而不对本发明进行任何限制。 
实施例一(未根据本发明) 
在120℃条件下,当与含有20重量%氯化氢的水-氯化氢液体混合物接触时,搪瓷钢样本表现出的腐蚀速率为0.035mm/年。 
实施例二(根据本发明) 
在50℃条件下,当与含有20重量%氯化氢的水-氯化氢液体混合物接触时,搪瓷钢样本表现出的腐蚀速率小于0.010mm/年。 

Claims (4)

1.用于制备二氯丙醇的方法,其中甘油与含有氯化氢的氯化剂在容器中反应,其中在所述容器中液体介质与汽相平衡,根据该方法,所述液体介质表面以上的容器内壁的腐蚀通过以下方式减少:所述液体介质表面以上的容器内壁用液体进行滴流,所述液体可稀释含有水、氯化氢和二氯丙醇的冷凝混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述液体介质表面以上的容器内壁用液体进行滴流,所述液体选自(a)在处理蒸馏、蒸发或汽提塔中与所述液体平衡的汽相时产生的冷的冷凝液,(b)甘油、水、氯化氢的水溶液、二氯丙醇、一氯丙二醇,以及它们的混合物,或(c)来自本方法中具有低浓度氯化氢的其它部分的液体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁的腐蚀通过用选自在处理蒸馏、蒸发或汽提塔中与所述液体介质平衡的汽相时产生的冷的冷凝液的液体滴流所述液体介质表面以上的容器内壁减少。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述容器中液体介质表面以上的容器内壁的腐蚀通过用选自甘油、水、氯化氢的水溶液、二氯丙醇、一氯丙二醇,以及它们的混合物的液体滴流所述液体介质表面以上的容器内壁减少。
CN2006800006745A 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 通过甘油的氯化制备二氯丙醇的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101068761B (zh)

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WO2007054505A3 (en) 2007-07-26
US7939696B2 (en) 2011-05-10
TW200714577A (en) 2007-04-16
MX2008005827A (es) 2009-03-02
WO2007054505A2 (en) 2007-05-18
CN102219644B (zh) 2013-11-06
US8106246B2 (en) 2012-01-31
CN101068761A (zh) 2007-11-07
KR101434680B1 (ko) 2014-08-26
US20080281132A1 (en) 2008-11-13
ZA200803774B (en) 2009-09-30
CN102249859A (zh) 2011-11-23
CN102219644A (zh) 2011-10-19
JP5576045B2 (ja) 2014-08-20
EA200801285A1 (ru) 2009-02-27
KR20080066777A (ko) 2008-07-16
CA2628684A1 (en) 2007-05-18
JP2009514934A (ja) 2009-04-09
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AR057255A1 (es) 2007-11-28
BRPI0618325A2 (pt) 2011-08-23

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