WO2016103894A1 - イオン伝導体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
イオン伝導体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016103894A1 WO2016103894A1 PCT/JP2015/080128 JP2015080128W WO2016103894A1 WO 2016103894 A1 WO2016103894 A1 WO 2016103894A1 JP 2015080128 W JP2015080128 W JP 2015080128W WO 2016103894 A1 WO2016103894 A1 WO 2016103894A1
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- libh
- ionic conductor
- ionic
- solid electrolyte
- ion conductor
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- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910008029 Li-In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910006670 Li—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphoric acid compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/10—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances sulfides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion conductor and a method for producing the same.
- lithium ion secondary batteries In recent years, demand for lithium ion secondary batteries has increased in applications such as portable information terminals, portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and stationary power storage systems.
- the current lithium ion secondary battery uses a flammable organic solvent as an electrolyte, and requires a strong exterior so that the organic solvent does not leak.
- the structure of the device such as the need to take a structure in preparation for the risk that the electrolyte should leak.
- oxides and phosphate compounds have the property that their particles are hard. Therefore, in order to form a solid electrolyte layer using these materials, generally, sintering at a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher is required, which is troublesome. Furthermore, when an oxide or a phosphoric acid compound is used as the material for the solid electrolyte layer, there is a disadvantage that the interfacial resistance with the electrode active material is increased.
- the organic polymer has a drawback that the lithium ion conductivity at room temperature is low and the conductivity rapidly decreases as the temperature decreases.
- Non-patent Document 1 LiBH 4 has a low density, and when this is used as a solid electrolyte, a light battery can be produced. In addition, since LiBH 4 is stable even at a high temperature (for example, about 200 ° C.), a heat-resistant battery can be manufactured.
- LiBH 4 has a problem that the lithium ion conductivity is greatly lowered at a phase transition temperature of less than 115 ° C. Therefore, in order to obtain a solid electrolyte having high lithium ion conductivity even at a phase transition temperature of less than 115 ° C., a solid electrolyte combining LiBH 4 and an alkali metal compound has been proposed. For example, in 2009, it was reported that a solid solution obtained by adding LiI to LiBH 4 can maintain a high-temperature phase even at room temperature (Non-patent Document 2 and Patent Document 1).
- a glass obtained by mixing 0.75Li 2 S-0.25P 2 S 5 and LiBH 4 which are sulfide solid electrolytes and mechanically milling them is used as a solid electrolyte. It is proposed to use as (nonpatent literature 3).
- This glass solid electrolyte has a high lithium ion conductivity at room temperature of 1.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm, but has a high density because it is mainly composed of a sulfide solid electrolyte, and has a weight when a solid electrolyte layer is formed. There is a drawback of becoming heavy.
- the current collector or electrode layer hereinafter, the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer are collectively referred to as an electrode layer
- the solid electrolyte layer are used.
- the interfacial resistance increases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ion conductor excellent in various properties such as ion conductivity and mechanical strength, and a method for producing the ion conductor.
- a method for producing an ion conductor having diffraction peaks at 9 ⁇ 2.0 deg, 46.6 ⁇ 2.0 deg, 51.1 ⁇ 2.5 deg, 53.5 ⁇ 2.5 deg, and 60.6 ⁇ 3.0 deg. [3] The method for producing an ionic conductor according to [2] or [2-1], wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 50 ° C. to 300 ° C. [4] The method for producing an ionic conductor according to [3], wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 60 ° C to 200 ° C. [5] The method for producing an ionic conductor according to any one of [2] to [4], wherein the mixing is performed in an inert gas atmosphere.
- FIG. 1 The figure which shows the X-ray-diffraction pattern of the ion conductor obtained in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4.
- FIG. 2A The elements on larger scale of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. Diagram showing the relationship between the molar ratio and the ion conductivity of LiBH 4 and P 2 S 5 in the ion conductor manufacture.
- One or more have diffraction peaks.
- the ionic conductor according to the embodiment having the X-ray diffraction peak as described above has excellent ionic conductivity.
- a crystal having an X-ray diffraction peak as described above has not been observed in the past, and the ionic conductor has a novel crystal structure.
- LiBH 4 has a problem that the lithium ion conductivity is greatly lowered at a phase transition temperature lower than 115 ° C.
- such a decrease in lithium ion conductivity does not occur, and excellent ion conductivity can be obtained in a wide temperature range.
- the ionic conductor according to the embodiment is a crystal, it is also superior in that it is mechanically and thermally strong compared to glass.
- the ion conductor according to the embodiment has a high content of LiBH 4 as a raw material.
- LiBH 4 is softer than a sulfide solid electrolyte (for example, 0.75Li 2 S-0.25P 2 S 5 described in Non-Patent Document 3) or an oxide solid electrolyte.
- the ion conductor according to the embodiment containing a large amount of LiBH 4 can be formed into an electrode layer and a solid electrolyte layer by cold pressing. And the electrode layer and solid electrolyte layer which were formed in this way are excellent in intensity
- the ion conductor according to the embodiment it is possible to produce an electrode layer and a solid electrolyte layer that have good moldability and are not easily cracked (crack is not easily generated).
- the ion conductor according to the embodiment has a low density, a relatively light electrode layer and solid electrolyte layer can be produced. This is preferable because the weight of the entire battery can be reduced.
- the interface resistance with the electrode layer can be lowered.
- the lithium / ion conductor interfacial resistance value by the lithium / ion conductor / lithium symmetrical cell is 0.5 ⁇ cm 2 or less, Preferably it is 0.3 ⁇ cm 2 or less, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- X-ray diffraction peaks at 5 deg, 24.9 ⁇ 0.5 deg, 29.2 ⁇ 0.8 deg, 30.3 ⁇ 0.8 deg, 51.1 ⁇ 1.3 deg and 53.5 ⁇ 1.3 deg, Particularly preferably, at least 2 ⁇ 14.4 ⁇ 0.3 deg, 15.0 ⁇ 0.3 deg, 24.9 ⁇ 0.3 deg, 29.2 ⁇ 0.5 deg, 30.3 ⁇ 0.5 deg, 51.1 ⁇ 0.8 deg and 53.5 ⁇ 0.8 deg Having an X-ray diffraction peaks.
- the ion conductor according to the embodiment includes lithium (Li), borohydride (BH 4 ⁇ ), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) as main components, but may include components other than these.
- examples of other components include oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), silicon (Si), and germanium (Ge). It is done.
- the production method of the ion conductor is not limited to this method as long as a desired X-ray diffraction peak is obtained.
- the raw material is not limited to LiBH 4 and P 2 S 5 , and the above raw material is replaced with other raw materials so as to include the main components of the ionic conductor (ie, Li, BH 4 ⁇ , P and S). It can be replaced and manufactured in the same manner.
- the LiBH 4 it is possible to use those which are commercially available normally. Moreover, the purity is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. This is because a desired crystal can be easily obtained by using a compound having a purity within the above range.
- the purity of P 2 S 5 is preferably 95% or more, and more preferably 97% or more.
- P P
- S sulfur
- phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) can be used without particular limitation as long as they are commercially available.
- x is preferably 0.875 to 0.975, more preferably 0.88 to 0.95, and still more preferably 0.88 to 0.92.
- the best mixing ratio of LiBH 4 and P 2 S 5 may vary slightly.
- LiBH 4 and P 2 S 5 are preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inert gas include helium, nitrogen, and argon, and argon is more preferable.
- the concentration of moisture and oxygen in the inert gas is preferably controlled to be low, and more preferably, the concentration of moisture and oxygen in the inert gas is less than 1 ppm.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a reika machine, a ball mill, a planetary ball mill, a bead mill, a self-revolving mixer, a high-speed stirring type mixing device, a tumbler mixer, and the like. Among these, a planetary ball mill having excellent crushing power and mixing power is more preferable.
- the mixing is preferably carried out dry, but it can also be carried out in a solvent having reduction resistance.
- an aprotic non-aqueous solvent is preferable, and more specific examples include ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and the like. it can.
- the mixing time varies depending on the mixing method. For example, when a planetary ball mill is used, the mixing time is 0.5 to 24 hours, and preferably 2 to 20 hours.
- the heating temperature is usually in the range of 50 to 300 ° C, more preferably in the range of 60 to 200 ° C, and particularly preferably in the range of 80 to 180 ° C. If the temperature is lower than the above range, crystallization hardly occurs. On the other hand, if the temperature is higher than the above range, the ionic conductor may be decomposed or the crystal may be deteriorated.
- the melting point of metallic lithium is 180 ° C.
- the fact that it can be crystallized at a temperature lower than the melting point of metallic lithium enables crystallization by heat treatment with the metallic lithium of the negative electrode attached to the solid electrolyte, so It is superior in making a battery.
- the ionic conductor according to the embodiment can be obtained even at a relatively low temperature of 50 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C., it is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of manufacturing.
- the heating time varies slightly depending on the heating temperature, it is usually sufficiently crystallized in the range of 0.1 to 12 hours.
- the heating time is preferably 0.3 to 6 hours, and more preferably 0.5 to 4 hours. It is not preferable to heat at a high temperature for a long time because there is a concern about deterioration of the ionic conductor.
- an ionic conductor that can be manufactured by the above manufacturing method is provided.
- All-solid-state battery The ion conductor which concerns on embodiment can be used as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a solid electrolyte for an all-solid battery including the above-described ion conductor is provided. Moreover, according to the further embodiment of this invention, the all-solid-state battery using the solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries mentioned above is provided.
- an all solid state battery is an all solid state battery in which lithium ions are responsible for electrical conduction, and in particular, is an all solid state lithium ion secondary battery.
- the all solid state battery has a structure in which a solid electrolyte layer is disposed between a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer.
- the ion conductor according to the embodiment may be included as a solid electrolyte in any one or more of the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, and the solid electrolyte layer. When used for the electrode layer, it is preferably used for the positive electrode layer rather than the negative electrode layer. This is because a side reaction is less likely to occur in the positive electrode layer.
- the ion conductor according to the embodiment When the ion conductor according to the embodiment is included in the positive electrode layer or the negative electrode layer, the ion conductor and a known positive electrode active material or negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery are used in combination.
- the positive electrode layer it is preferable to use a bulk type in which an active material and a solid electrolyte are mixed because the capacity per unit cell is increased.
- the all solid state battery is manufactured by molding and laminating the above-mentioned layers, but the molding method and laminating method of each layer are not particularly limited.
- a vapor phase method in which a film is formed and laminated using a method, a sputtering method, a laser ablation method, etc .
- a press method in which powder is formed by hot pressing or cold pressing without applying temperature, and then laminated. Since the ion conductor according to the embodiment is relatively soft, it is particularly preferable to form and laminate a battery by pressing.
- the positive electrode layer can also be formed using a sol-gel method.
- the pressure at that time is preferably 50 to 800 MPa, and more preferably 114 to 500 MPa. Pressing at a pressure in the above range is preferable from the viewpoint of ion conductivity because a layer having few voids between particles and good adhesion can be obtained. Increasing the pressure more than necessary is not practical because it is necessary to use a pressure device or a molded container made of an expensive material and the useful life thereof is shortened.
- This pot was attached to a planetary ball mill (P7 made by Fritche), and mechanical milling was performed at a rotational speed of 400 rpm for 2 hours. Then, an ion conductor (0.90LiBH 4 -0.10P 2 S 5 ) was obtained by performing a heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 2 hours in an Ar sealed atmosphere.
- P7 made by Fritche
- Example 2 An ionic conductor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of LiBH 4 and P 2 S 5 was changed.
- LiBH 4 manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, purity ⁇ 95%) was weighed and pulverized in an agate mortar to obtain an ionic conductor (LiBH 4 ).
- LiI 0.75: It measured so that it might become a molar ratio of 0.25, and it mixed in the agate mortar.
- the obtained mixture was put into a 45 mL SUJ-2 pot, and SUJ-2 balls ( ⁇ 7 mm, 20 pieces) were put into the pot to completely seal the pot.
- This pot was attached to a planetary ball mill (P7 made by Fritche), and mechanical milling was performed at a rotation speed of 400 rpm for 5 hours to obtain an ion conductor (0.75LiBH 4 -0.25LiI).
- the obtained mixture was put into a 45 mL zirconia pot, and further zirconia balls ( ⁇ 5 mm, 62 g) were put therein, so that the pot was completely sealed.
- the pot is attached to a planetary ball mill (P7 made by Fritche), mechanical milling is performed at a rotation speed of 510 rpm for 15 hours, and an ion conductor [0.33LiBH 4 -0.67 (0.75Li 2 S-0.25P 2 S) is obtained. 5 )].
- the ionic conductor obtained here was not a crystal but a glass.
- a LiBH 4 peak also exists.
- FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of a portion of 500 to 300 cm ⁇ 1 in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 2 also shows the measurement results of P 2 S 5 and LiBH 4 for comparison.
- BH 4 ⁇ borohydride
- ⁇ Ion conductivity measurement> The ionic conductors obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were subjected to uniaxial molding (240 MPa) to obtain a disk having a thickness of about 1 mm and ⁇ 8 mm.
- a temperature range from room temperature to 150 ° C. an alternating current impedance measurement (HIOKI 3532-80, chemical impedance meter) by a two-terminal method using a lithium electrode at 10 ° C. intervals was performed to calculate ion conductivity.
- the measurement frequency range was 4 Hz to 1 MHz, and the amplitude was 100 mV.
- the measurement results of the ionic conductivity for the ionic conductors of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in FIG. 3, and the measurement results of the ionic conductivity for the ionic conductors of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 are shown in FIG. .
- the ion conductors of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 manufactured by mixing LiBH 4 and P 2 S 5 rapid ions at temperatures below 115 ° C. found in LiBH 4 (Comparative Example 4) There was no decrease in conductivity.
- the ion conductor having a characteristic X-ray diffraction peak as in Examples 1 to 4 is higher than 0.75LiBH 4 -0.25LiI (Comparative Example 5) at all measured temperatures. Ionic conductivity was shown. Furthermore, when comparing the ionic conductor of Example 1 and the ionic conductor of Comparative Example 6, it was found that the ionic conductor of Example 1 can obtain excellent ionic conductivity particularly in a low temperature region.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 6 were subjected to uniaxial molding (240 MPa) to obtain a disk having a thickness of about 1 mm and ⁇ 8 mm.
- AC impedance measurement was performed by a two-terminal method using a lithium electrode (SI 1260 manufactured by Solartron, data processing: ZView2), and the interface resistance was calculated.
- the measurement frequency range was 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, and the amplitude was 50 mV.
- Table 1 shows the interface resistance of the ionic conductors of Example 1 and Comparative Example 6.
- the frequency resistance of 100 k to 1 MHz is the bulk resistance of the ion conductor
- 7943 to 79433 Hz is the resistance component derived from the lithium / ion conductor interface
- the interface resistance is calculated using the “Fit Circle” function of Zview2.
- the measurement resistance value of the measurement cell was 0.7 ⁇
- the interface resistance value of the lithium / ion conductor was 0.18 ⁇ cm 2 .
- the interface resistance was calculated using the “Fit Circle” function, with the frequency of 10 k to 1 MHz as the bulk resistance of the solid electrolyte and 7.9433 to 7943 Hz as the resistance component derived from the lithium / ion conductor interface. .
- the measured resistance value of the cell was 64.6 ⁇ , and the interface resistance value of the lithium / ion conductor was 16 ⁇ cm 2 . Thereby, it turned out that the solid electrolyte of Example 1 has remarkably small interface resistance.
- FIG. 5 shows the ionic conductors obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 at a charged molar ratio of LiBH 4 and P 2 S 5 during the production of the ionic conductor and a measurement temperature of 300 K (27 ° C.). It is the figure which plotted the relationship with ion conductivity.
- x 0.90 (Example 1) where an almost single-phase X-ray diffraction pattern is obtained, the ionic conductivity is highest, and the ionic conductors of Examples 1 to 3 are the ionic conductivity of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. It can be seen that extremely good ionic conductivity can be obtained at a temperature of about room temperature as compared with the body.
- Example 2 The ionic conductor obtained in Example 1 was subjected to uniaxial molding (240 MPa) to obtain a disk having a thickness of about 1 mm and ⁇ 8 mm.
- a battery test cell was assembled such that a metal lithium foil having a diameter of 8 mm was attached to one surface and the other surface was in contact with the current collector of SUS304.
- a potentiostat / galvanostat manufactured by Scribner Associate 580
- cyclic voltammetry measurement was performed at a temperature of 27 ° C. and a sweep rate of 2 mV / sec.
- FIG. 6 shows plots of the first cycle and the fifth cycle.
- the ionic conductor obtained in Example 1 has a wide potential window, and it can be seen that a battery having a high voltage can be obtained by using this ionic conductor.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 6 The ionic conductor obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 6 was subjected to uniaxial molding (240 MPa) to obtain a disk-shaped solid electrolyte layer having a thickness of about 1 mm and ⁇ 8 mm (sample). This was put in a lami zip having a high gas barrier property in a glove box under an argon atmosphere, sealed, taken out from the glove box, and immediately subjected to a crushing strength test. The test was carried out using STOROGRAPH ES (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho) and SPEED RANGE 5 mm / min. LOAD RANGE 2.5 kgf.
- STOROGRAPH ES manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho
- the sample placed in the lami zip was placed on a metal table with a 4.5 mm groove so that the groove and the center of the sample overlapped. From above, a metal bar having a width of 3 mm was pressed against the center of the sample, and the metal bar was set so that the push bar of the testing machine hit it, and the crushing strength was measured four times. Table 2 shows the crushing strength and average value of each ion conductor. This shows that the molded body of the ionic conductor of Example 1 is excellent in mechanical strength.
- Example 1 Preparation of positive electrode layer powder
- ionic conductor 0.90LiBH 4 -0.10P 2 S 5 obtained in Example 1
- Positive electrode active material TiS 2 manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, purity 99.9%
- Ion conductor (Example 1) 2: 3 (weight ratio) powder was measured in a glove box and mixed in a mortar Thus, a positive electrode layer powder was obtained.
- the powder of complex hydride solid electrolyte 3LiBH 4 -LiI prepared above was put into a powder tablet molding machine having a diameter of 8 mm, and press-molded into a disk shape at a pressure of 28 MPa. Without taking out the molded product, the powder of the ionic conductor 0.90LiBH 4 -0.10P 2 S 5 prepared in Example 1 was put in a tablet molding machine and press-molded again at a pressure of 28 MPa. Further, the positive electrode layer powder prepared above was put and integrally molded at a pressure of 240 MPa.
- ⁇ Charge / discharge test 2> A charge / discharge test was conducted in the same manner as in the above ⁇ Charge / Discharge Test 1> except that a Li—In alloy was used for the negative electrode layer of the all-solid-state battery.
- a metal In foil having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and ⁇ 8 mm was attached to the surface of the 3LiBH 4 -LiI solid electrolyte layer in the disk-shaped pellet obtained by laminating the positive electrode layer and the solid electrolyte layer prepared in the above ⁇ Charge / Discharge Test 1>.
- a lithium metal foil having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m and ⁇ 8 mm was pasted on the foil to form a Li—In alloy negative electrode layer.
- the obtained laminate was put into a battery test cell made of SUS304 to obtain an all-solid secondary battery.
- the produced battery test cell was heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 2 hours, and then a charge / discharge test was performed.
- FIG. 8 shows charge / discharge plots in the first, second and sixth cycles.
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Abstract
Description
[1] リチウム(Li)とボロハイドライド(BH4 -)とリン(P)と硫黄(S)とを含み、X線回折(CuKα:λ=1.5405Å)において、少なくとも、2θ=14.4±1.0deg、15.0±1.0deg、24.9±1.0deg、29.2±1.5deg、30.3±1.5deg、51.1±2.5degおよび53.5±2.5degに回折ピークを有するイオン伝導体。
[1-1] リチウム(Li)とボロハイドライド(BH4 -)とリン(P)と硫黄(S)とを含み、X線回折(CuKα:λ=1.5405Å)において、少なくとも、2θ=14.4±1.0deg、15.0±1.0deg、24.9±1.0deg、29.2±1.5deg、30.3±1.5deg、38.7±1.5deg、43.9±2.0deg、46.6±2.0deg、51.1±2.5deg、53.5±2.5degおよび60.6±3.0degに回折ピークを有するイオン伝導体。
[1-2] リチウム/イオン伝導体/リチウムの対称セルによる、リチウム/イオン伝導体の界面抵抗値が0.5Ωcm2以下である、[1]または[1-1]に記載のイオン伝導体。
[1-3] 前記イオン伝導体を一軸成型(240MPa)に供し、厚さ1mm、φ8mmのディスクに成形した場合の圧壊強度が1.5kgf以上、特に1.5~2.2kgfである、[1]~[1-2]のいずれかに記載のイオン伝導体。
[2] LiBH4とP2S5とを、LiBH4:P2S5=x:(1-x)[式中、x=0.85超0.98以下である]のモル比で混合して混合物を得ることと、
前記混合物を加熱処理することと
を含む、イオン伝導体の製造方法であって、
前記イオン伝導体は、リチウム(Li)とボロハイドライド(BH4 -)とリン(P)と硫黄(S)とを含み、X線回折(CuKα:λ=1.5405Å)において、少なくとも、2θ=14.4±1.0deg、15.0±1.0deg、24.9±1.0deg、29.2±1.5deg、30.3±1.5deg、51.1±2.5degおよび53.5±2.5degに回折ピークを有する
イオン伝導体の製造方法。
[2-1] LiBH4とP2S5とを、LiBH4:P2S5=x:(1-x)[式中、x=0.85超0.98以下である]のモル比で混合して混合物を得ることと、
前記混合物を加熱処理することと
を含む、イオン伝導体の製造方法であって、
前記イオン伝導体は、リチウム(Li)とボロハイドライド(BH4 -)とリン(P)と硫黄(S)とを含み、X線回折(CuKα:λ=1.5405Å)において、少なくとも、2θ=14.4±1.0deg、15.0±1.0deg、24.9±1.0deg、29.2±1.5deg、30.3±1.5deg、38.7±1.5deg、43.9±2.0deg、46.6±2.0deg、51.1±2.5deg、53.5±2.5degおよび60.6±3.0degに回折ピークを有する
イオン伝導体の製造方法。
[3] 前記加熱処理の温度が50℃~300℃である、[2]または[2-1]に記載のイオン伝導体の製造方法。
[4] 前記加熱処理の温度が60℃~200℃である、[3]に記載のイオン伝導体の製造方法。
[5] 前記混合が不活性ガス雰囲気下で行われる、[2]~[4]のいずれかに記載のイオン伝導体の製造方法。
[5-1] [2]~[5]のいずれかに記載のイオン伝導体の製造方法により製造され得るイオン伝導体。
[6] [1]~[1-3]および[5-1]のいずれかに記載のイオン伝導体を含む全固体電池用固体電解質。
[7] [6]に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質を使用した全固体電池。
本発明の1つの実施形態によると、リチウム(Li)とボロハイドライド(BH4 -)とリン(P)と硫黄(S)とを含み、X線回折(CuKα:λ=1.5405Å)において、少なくとも、2θ=14.4±1.0deg、15.0±1.0deg、24.9±1.0deg、29.2±1.5deg、30.3±1.5deg、51.1±2.5degおよび53.5±2.5degに回折ピークを有するイオン伝導体が提供される。
好ましくは、実施形態に係るイオン伝導体は、さらに、2θ=38.7±1.5deg、43.9±2.0deg、46.6±2.0degおよび60.6±3.0degのいずれか1つ以上に回折ピークを有する。
なお、実施形態に係るイオン伝導体は、上記以外のX線回折ピークを含んでいたとしても、所望の効果を得られる。
1つの実施形態によると、本発明のイオン伝導体は、a)LiBH4とP2S5とを、LiBH4:P2S5=x:(1-x)[式中、x=0.85超0.98以下である]のモル比で混合して混合物を得ることと、b)前記混合物を加熱処理することとを含む方法によって製造される。イオン伝導体の製造方法は、所望のX線回折ピークが得られる限り、この方法に限られるものではない。例えば、原料はLiBH4およびP2S5に限定されるものではなく、イオン伝導体の主要成分(すなわち、Li、BH4 -、PおよびS)を含むように、上記原料を他の原料で置き換えて同様に製造することも可能である。
実施形態に係るイオン伝導体は、全固体電池用の固体電解質として使用され得る。よって、本発明の一実施形態によると、上述したイオン伝導体を含む全固体電池用固体電解質が提供される。また、本発明のさらなる実施形態によると、上述した全固体電池用固体電解質を使用した全固体電池が提供される。
(実施例1)
アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、LiBH4(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製、純度≧95%)とP2S5(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製、純度:99%)とを、LiBH4:P2S5=0.90:0.10のモル比[LiBH4:P2S5=x:(1-x)とした場合、x=0.90]になるように量り取り、メノウ乳鉢にて混合した。次に、得られた混合物を45mLのSUJ-2製ポットに投入し、さらにSUJ-2製ボール(φ7mm、20個)を投入して、ポットを完全に密閉した。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機(フリッチェ製P7)に取り付け、回転数400rpmで2時間、メカニカルミリングを行った。その後、Ar密閉雰囲気下、150℃にて2時間加熱処理を施すことにより、イオン伝導体(0.90LiBH4-0.10P2S5)を得た。
LiBH4とP2S5の混合比を変更したことを除き、実施例1と同様にイオン伝導体を製造した。LiBH4とP2S5のモル比をLiBH4:P2S5=x:(1-x)とした場合において、x=0.975(実施例2)、x=0.95(実施例3)およびx=0.875(実施例4)とした。
LiBH4とP2S5の混合比を変更したことを除き、実施例1と同様にイオン伝導体を製造した。LiBH4とP2S5のモル比をLiBH4:P2S5=x:(1-x)とした場合において、x=0.85(比較例1)、x=0.80(比較例2)およびx=0.67(比較例3)とした。
アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、LiBH4(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製、純度≧95%)を量り取り、メノウ乳鉢にて粉砕し、イオン伝導体(LiBH4)を得た。
アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、LiBH4(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製、純度≧95%)とLiI(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製、純度99.999%)とを、LiBH4:LiI=0.75:0.25のモル比になるように量り取り、メノウ乳鉢にて混合した。次に、得られた混合物を45mLのSUJ-2製ポットに投入し、さらにSUJ-2製ボール(φ7mm、20個)を投入して、ポットを完全に密閉した。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機(フリッチェ製P7)に取り付け、回転数400rpmで5時間メカニカルミリングを行い、イオン伝導体(0.75LiBH4-0.25LiI)を得た。
アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、Li2S(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製)とP2S5(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製)とを、Li2S:P2S5=0.75:0.25のモル比になるように量り取り、メノウ乳鉢にて混合した。次に、得られた混合物を45mLのジルコニア製ポットに投入し、さらにジルコニア製ボール(φ5mm、62g)を投入して、ポットを完全に密閉した。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機(フリッチェ製P7)に取り付け、回転数510rpmで45時間メカニカルミリングを行い、イオン伝導体(0.75Li2S-0.25P2S5)を得た。
さらに、アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、LiBH4(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製、純度≧95%)と上記で得られた0.75Li2S-0.25P2S5とを、LiBH4:(0.75Li2S-0.25P2S5)=0.33:0.67のモル比になるように、メノウ乳鉢にて混合した。次に、得られた混合物を45mLのジルコニア製ポットに投入し、さらにジルコニア製ボール(φ5mm、62g)を投入して、ポットを完全に密閉した。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機(フリッチェ製P7)に取り付け、回転数510rpmで15時間メカニカルミリングを行い、イオン伝導体[0.33LiBH4-0.67(0.75Li2S-0.25P2S5)]を得た。ここで得られたイオン伝導体は、結晶ではなくガラスであった。
実施例1~4および比較例1~4で得られたイオン伝導体の粉末について、Ar雰囲気下、室温にて、X線回折測定(PANalytical社製X‘pert Pro、CuKα:λ=1.5405Å)を実施した。得られた回折ピークを図1に示す。図1には、比較のため、P2S5の回折ピークも示す。
実施例1~4では、少なくとも、2θ=14.4deg、15.0deg、24.9deg、29.2deg、30.3deg、38.7deg、43.9deg、46.6deg、51.1deg、53.5deg、60.6deg、65.8degに回折ピークが観測された。
実施例3(x=0.95)および実施例2(x=0.975)においては、LiBH4のピークも存在していることがわかる。実施例1(x=0.90)では、LiBH4のピークがなくなり、ほぼ単相のパターンが得られていると考えられる。比較例1~3(x=0.85以下)では、ピークがほとんど確認できず、結晶化が生じていないと言える。また、比較例6についても同様にX線回折ピークを測定したところ、ピークがほとんど確認できなかった。よって、比較例6においても結晶化は生じていないと言える。
実施例1で得られたイオン伝導体の粉末について、室温でラマン分光測定(ThermoFisherSCIENTIFIC社製NICOLET ALMEGA、λ=532nm)を実施した。その結果を図2Aに示す。なお、図2Bは、図2Aの500~300cm-1の部分を拡大した図である。図2には、比較のため、P2S5およびLiBH4の測定結果も示す。図2Aに示す通り、実施例1で得られたイオン伝導体においては、2300cm-1付近にボロハイドライド(BH4 -)に由来する大きなピークが検出された。また、図2Bに示す通り、453cm-1、428cm-1および400cm-1に特徴的な3本のピークが検出された。
実施例1~4および比較例1~5で得られたイオン伝導体を一軸成型(240MPa)に供し、厚さ約1mm、φ8mmのディスクを得た。室温から150℃の温度範囲において、10℃間隔でリチウム電極を利用した二端子法による交流インピーダンス測定(HIOKI 3532‐80、chemical impedance meter)を行い、イオン伝導度を算出した。測定周波数範囲は4Hz~1MHz、振幅は100mVとした。
さらに、実施例1のイオン伝導体と比較例6のイオン伝導体とを比較した場合、実施例1のイオン伝導体は、特に低温領域において優れたイオン伝導度を得られることが分かった。
実施例1および比較例6で得られたイオン伝導体を一軸成型(240MPa)に供し、厚さ約1mm、φ8mmのディスクを得た。25℃条件下、リチウム電極を利用した二端子法による交流インピーダンス測定(ソーラトロン社製SI 1260、データ処理:ZView2)を行い、界面抵抗を算出した。測定周波数範囲は0.1Hz~1MHz、振幅は50mVとした。
実施例1で得られたイオン伝導体を一軸成型(240MPa)に供し、厚さ約1mm、φ8mmのディスクを得た。片方の面にφ8mmの金属リチウム箔を貼り付け、反対の面はSUS304の集電体に接するようにして電池試験セルを組んだ。ポテンショスタット/ガルバノスタット(Scribner Associate製580)を用い、温度27℃、掃引速度2mV/秒にてサイクリックボルタンメトリー測定を行った。自然電位(1.8Vであった)から-0.1Vまで掃引し、その後5Vまで掃引した後、初期の自然電位(1.8V)まで掃引し、これを1サイクルとして5サイクル実施した。図6に1サイクル目と5サイクル目のプロットを示した。図6においては、0V付近のリチウムの析出および溶解に対応するピーク以外のピークは見られなかった。そのため、実施例1で得られたイオン伝導体は、広い電位窓を有しており、このイオン伝導体を使用することにより高い電圧を有する電池を得られることがわかる。
実施例1および比較例6で得られたイオン伝導体を一軸成型(240MPa)に供し、厚さ約1mm、φ8mmのディスク状の固体電解質層を得た(サンプル)。これをアルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内でガスバリア性の高いラミジップに入れて封をし、グローブボックスから取り出した後、直ちに圧壊強度試験を実施した。試験は、STROGRAPH E-S(東洋精機製作所製)を用い、SPEED RANGE 5mm/min.、LOAD RANGE 2.5kgfで実施した。ラミジップに入れたサンプルを、4.5mmの溝がある金属台の上に溝とサンプルの中心が重なるようにおいた。その上からサンプルの中心部に巾3mmの金属棒を押し当て、その金属棒に試験機の押し棒が当たるようにセットして、圧壊強度を4回ずつ測定した。表2に各イオン伝導体の圧壊強度およびその平均値を示した。
これより、実施例1のイオン伝導体の成形体が機械強度に優れていることがわかる。
(3LiBH4-LiI固体電解質の調製)
アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、LiBH4(アルドリッチ社製、純度90%)とLiI(アルドリッチ社製、純度99.999%)とを、LiBH4:LiI=3:1のモル比になるようにメノウ乳鉢にて混合した。次に、混合した出発原料を45mLのSUJ-2製ポットに投入し、さらにSUJ-2製ボール(φ7mm、20個)を投入して、ポットを完全に密閉した。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機(フリッチェ製P7)に取り付け、回転数400rpmで1時間メカニカルミリングを行い、錯体水素化物固体電解質(3LiBH4-LiI)を得た。
イオン伝導体として、実施例1で得られた0.90LiBH4-0.10P2S5を用いた。正極活物質TiS2(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製、純度99.9%):イオン伝導体(実施例1)=2:3(重量比)とした粉末をグローブボックス内で計り取り、乳鉢にて混合して正極層粉末とした。
上記で調製した錯体水素化物固体電解質3LiBH4-LiIの粉末を直径8mmの粉末錠剤成形機に入れ、圧力28MPaにて円盤状にプレス成形した。成形物を取り出すことなく、続けて実施例1で調製したイオン伝導体0.90LiBH4-0.10P2S5の粉末を錠剤成形機に入れ、再び圧力28MPaにてプレス成形した。更に、上記で調製した正極層粉末を入れ、圧力240MPaにて一体成型した。このようにして、正極層(70μm)、0.90LiBH4-0.10P2S5固体電解質層(400μm)および3LiBH4-LiI固体電解質層(100μm)が順次積層された円盤状のペレットを得た。このペレットに、厚さ200μm、φ8mmの金属リチウム箔(負極層)を貼り付け、SUS304製の電池試験セルに入れて全固体二次電池とした。
上記のように作製した全固体電池について、ポテンショスタット/ガルバノスタット(Scribner Associate製580)を用い、測定温度27℃、カットオフ電圧1.6~2.7V、電流密度0.057mA/cm2(0.05C)の条件の下で定電流にて充放電試験を行った。3サイクル目までの充放電プロットを図7に示した。
全固体電池の負極層にLi-In合金を用いたことを除き、上記<充放電試験1>と同様に充放電試験を行った。上記<充放電試験1>において作製した正極層と固体電解質層を積層した円盤状ペレットにおける3LiBH4-LiI固体電解質層の表面に、厚さ100μm、φ8mmの金属In箔を貼り付け、その金属In箔の上に厚さ200μm、φ8mmの金属リチウム箔を張り付けて、Li-In合金負極層とした。得られた積層体をSUS304製の電池試験セルに入れて、全固体二次電池とした。Li-In合金を形成するために、作製した電池試験セルを120℃で2時間熱処理した後に、充放電試験を行った。1、2、6サイクル目の充放電プロットを図8に示した。
Claims (7)
- リチウム(Li)とボロハイドライド(BH4 -)とリン(P)と硫黄(S)とを含み、X線回折(CuKα:λ=1.5405Å)において、少なくとも、2θ=14.4±1.0deg、15.0±1.0deg、24.9±1.0deg、29.2±1.5deg、30.3±1.5deg、51.1±2.5degおよび53.5±2.5degに回折ピークを有するイオン伝導体。
- LiBH4とP2S5とを、LiBH4:P2S5=x:(1-x)[式中、x=0.85超0.98以下である]のモル比で混合して混合物を得ることと、
前記混合物を加熱処理することと
を含む、イオン伝導体の製造方法であって、
前記イオン伝導体は、リチウム(Li)とボロハイドライド(BH4 -)とリン(P)と硫黄(S)とを含み、X線回折(CuKα:λ=1.5405Å)において、少なくとも、2θ=14.4±1.0deg、15.0±1.0deg、24.9±1.0deg、29.2±1.5deg、30.3±1.5deg、51.1±2.5degおよび53.5±2.5degに回折ピークを有する
イオン伝導体の製造方法。 - 前記加熱処理の温度が50℃~300℃である、請求項2に記載のイオン伝導体の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理の温度が60℃~200℃である、請求項3に記載のイオン伝導体の製造方法。
- 前記混合が不活性ガス雰囲気下で行われる、請求項2~4のいずれかに記載のイオン伝導体の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載のイオン伝導体を含む全固体電池用固体電解質。
- 請求項6に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質を使用した全固体電池。
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