WO2016031853A1 - 光学積層体、偏光板および有機el表示装置 - Google Patents
光学積層体、偏光板および有機el表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016031853A1 WO2016031853A1 PCT/JP2015/073997 JP2015073997W WO2016031853A1 WO 2016031853 A1 WO2016031853 A1 WO 2016031853A1 JP 2015073997 W JP2015073997 W JP 2015073997W WO 2016031853 A1 WO2016031853 A1 WO 2016031853A1
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- Prior art keywords
- anisotropic layer
- optically anisotropic
- optical
- layer
- film
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
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- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
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- B32B2457/202—LCD, i.e. liquid crystal displays
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/2035—Ph-COO-Ph
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- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
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- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
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- C09K2219/03—Aspects relating to the form of the liquid crystal [LC] material, or by the technical area in which LC material are used in the form of films, e.g. films after polymerisation of LC precursor
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- C09K2323/031—Polarizer or dye
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical laminate, a polarizing plate, and an organic EL display device.
- Retardation plates have a great many applications.
- LCDs liquid crystal displays
- transflective LCDs brightness enhancement films
- organic electroluminescence (EL) display devices touch panels Etc.
- an organic EL display device has a structure in which layers having different refractive indexes are stacked or a structure using a metal electrode, external light may be reflected at the interface between the layers, resulting in problems such as a decrease in contrast and reflection. is there. Therefore, conventionally, a polarizing plate composed of a retardation plate and a polarizing film has been used in an organic EL display device, an LCD display device, and the like in order to suppress adverse effects due to reflection of external light.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a first optically anisotropic layer (H) and a rod-like liquid crystalline compound formed from a composition comprising a transparent support and a discotic liquid crystalline compound represented by a predetermined structural formula. And a laminated optically anisotropic layer having a second optically anisotropic layer (Q) formed from a composition containing a retardation film ([Claim 1]).
- Patent Document 2 discloses, as one aspect of the organic EL display device, at least a polarizer layer, a transparent support layer composed of one or more layers, a ⁇ / 2 plate composed of a layer containing a discotic liquid crystalline compound, An organic EL display device including a ⁇ / 4 plate made of a layer containing a discotic liquid crystalline compound and an organic EL panel in this order is described ([Claim 7]).
- the present inventor examined conventionally known optical laminates such as the laminated optically anisotropic layer described in Patent Document 1 and the laminate of ⁇ / 2 plate and ⁇ / 4 plate described in Patent Document 2. As a result, when the optically anisotropic layers are in direct contact with each other, repelling occurs when the second optically anisotropic layer is formed, or film thickness unevenness occurs in the formed optically anisotropic layer. It was clarified that there was a case.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an optical laminate in which repellency and film thickness unevenness at the time of forming an optically anisotropic layer are suppressed, a polarizing plate using the optical laminate, and an organic EL display device.
- the present inventor has increased the surface energy of the interface of optically anisotropic layers that are in direct contact with each other, and the other optically anisotropic layer of one optically anisotropic layer It was found that by reducing the surface energy of the surface opposite to the side in contact with the surface, that is, the surface that becomes the air interface side when forming the second layer, repelling and film thickness unevenness are suppressed, Completed. That is, it has been found that the above-described problem can be achieved by the following configuration.
- the surface energy A of the surface in contact with the optical anisotropic layer B in the optical anisotropic layer A is 30 to 40 mN / m
- the surface energy B1 of the surface in contact with the optical anisotropic layer A in the optical anisotropic layer B is 35 mN / m or more
- connects the optical anisotropic layer A in the optical anisotropic layer B is 25 mN / m or less.
- optically anisotropic layer B is formed from a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound, The liquid crystal compound has a polymerizable group
- an optical laminate in which repelling and film thickness unevenness during the formation of an optically anisotropic layer are suppressed, a polarizing plate and an organic EL display device using the same.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the optical layered body of the present invention.
- 2A to 2C are schematic cross-sectional views each showing an example of an embodiment of the polarizing plate of the present invention.
- 3A to 3C are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example of an embodiment of the organic EL display device of the present invention.
- Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) represent in-plane retardation and retardation in the thickness direction at the wavelength ⁇ , respectively.
- Re ( ⁇ ) is measured by making light having a wavelength of ⁇ nm incident in the normal direction of the film in KOBRA ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 21ADH or KOBRA WR (both manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
- the wavelength selection filter can be exchanged manually, or the measurement value can be converted by a program or the like. Details of the method for measuring Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) are described in paragraphs 0010 to 0012 of JP2013-041213A, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a measurement wavelength when there is no special mention about a measurement wavelength, a measurement wavelength is 550 nm.
- the angle for example, an angle such as “90 °”
- the relationship for example, “orthogonal”, “parallel”, “same direction”, “crossing at 45 °”, etc.
- the allowable error means, for example, that the angle is within a range of strict angle ⁇ 10 ° or less, and the error from the strict angle is preferably 5 ° or less, More preferably, it is 3 ° or less.
- the optical laminate of the present invention is an optical laminate having an optically anisotropic layer A and an optically anisotropic layer B, and the optically anisotropic layer A and the optically anisotropic layer B are in direct contact with each other. Either one or both of the optically anisotropic layer A and the optically anisotropic layer B are formed from a composition containing a liquid crystal compound.
- the optical layered body of the present invention has a surface energy A of 30 to 40 mN / m on the surface of the optical anisotropic layer A on the side in contact with the optical anisotropic layer B (hereinafter also referred to as “ZA surface”).
- the surface energy B1 of the surface in contact with the optical anisotropic layer A in the optical anisotropic layer B (hereinafter also referred to as “ZB back surface”) is 35 mN / m or more.
- the surface energy B2 of the surface of the optically anisotropic layer B opposite to the side in contact with the optically anisotropic layer A (hereinafter also referred to as “ZB surface”) is 25 mN / m or less.
- this invention becomes an optical laminated body by which the repellency and film thickness nonuniformity at the time of formation of an optically anisotropic layer were suppressed by having the structure mentioned above.
- the reason why the repellency and film thickness unevenness during the formation of the optically anisotropic layer is suppressed is not clear in detail, but is estimated as follows. Conventionally, as an optical laminate, for example, in order to suppress repellency of the upper layer when laminating a liquid crystal layer, the surface tension of the upper layer (layer to be applied) is lowered or the surface energy of the lower layer (layer to be applied) was thought to be high.
- the surface energy B2 of the ZB surface is lowered, and the surface energy of the interface, that is, the surface energy B1 of the ZB back surface and the surface energy A1 of the ZA surface are kept high in a predetermined range. It has been found that repelling is suppressed. That is, the surface energy of the interface between the ZB back surface and the ZA surface is high, and the uneven distribution of additives (for example, alignment control agents, surfactants, etc.) near the interface is suppressed, so that repelling and film thickness unevenness are suppressed. Conceivable.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an embodiment of the optical layered body of the present invention.
- the optical laminate 10 shown in FIG. 1 has an optically anisotropic layer (A) 14 and an optically anisotropic layer (B) 16 that are in direct contact with each other.
- the optical laminated body 10 may have the transparent support body 12, and as shown in FIG. 1, the transparent support body 12, the optically anisotropic layer (A) 14, and The optically anisotropic layer (B) 16 is preferably provided in this order.
- each layer which comprises the optical laminated body of this invention is explained in full detail.
- optically anisotropic layers A and B The optically anisotropic layers A and B of the optical layered body of the present invention are in direct contact with each other, and one or both of them contain a liquid crystal compound (hereinafter also referred to as “liquid crystal composition”). .).
- liquid crystal composition a liquid crystal compound
- the liquid crystal composition is as described later, only one of the optically anisotropic layer A and the optically anisotropic layer B (for example, the optically anisotropic layer B) is formed of the liquid crystal composition.
- the optically anisotropic layer formed of other than the liquid crystal composition can be formed by appropriately selecting a material for forming the transparent support described later.
- the surface energy A of the surface (ZA surface) on the optically anisotropic layer A on the side in contact with the optically anisotropic layer B is 30 to 40 mN / m, and 31 to 38 mN / m. It is preferable that it is 32 to 35 mN / m.
- the surface energy B1 of the surface in contact with the optical anisotropic layer A in the optical anisotropic layer B (the ZB back surface) is 35 mN / m or more, preferably 35 to 42 mN / m, preferably 36 to More preferably, it is 41 mN / m.
- the surface energy B2 of the surface opposite to the side in contact with the optical anisotropic layer A in the optical anisotropic layer B is 25 mN / m or less and 17 to 25 mN / m. It is preferably 17 to 23 mN / m.
- the surface energy ( ⁇ s v : unit, mN / m) of the ZA surface, the ZB back surface, and the ZB back surface is represented by D.C. K. Owens: J.M. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 13, 1741 (1969), it can be experimentally obtained using pure water H 2 O and methylene iodide CH 2 I 2 on each surface of the sample to be measured.
- the contact angle is the value measured in an environment at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% after conditioning for 2 hours or more in an environment of a temperature of 20 ° C to 27 ° C and a relative humidity of 50 to 65%.
- or back surface of an optically anisotropic layer from the produced optical laminated body can be performed by one of the methods shown below.
- A In the cross section of the optical layered body, a cut is made in the interlayer (interface) of the optically anisotropic layer using a cutter to form a starting point (start) to be peeled off, and then the optically anisotropic layer in which the start is formed Adhesive (SK-2057, manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.) is applied and peeled off from the air interface side.
- Adhesive SK-2057, manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the cut optical laminate is placed in an environment of 85 ° C. and 85% relative humidity for 15 days or longer, and then the above (a) Peel off in the same way.
- the difference between the surface energy B1 and the surface energy B2 in the optical anisotropic layer B is 17 mN / m or more, because repelling during the formation of the optical anisotropic layer is further suppressed.
- it is 20 mN / m or more.
- the optical anisotropy formed at least later among the optically anisotropic layers A and B is preferable because the above-described surface energy can be easily adjusted and repelling during the formation of the optically anisotropic layer is further suppressed.
- the luminescent layer is formed of a liquid crystal composition
- the optically anisotropic layer B is formed of a liquid crystal composition
- both of the optically anisotropic layers A and B are Is more preferably formed of a liquid crystal composition.
- a liquid crystal composition for example, a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound, an alignment controller, a non-liquid crystal monomer, a solvent, and the like described later can be used.
- liquid crystal compound In general, liquid crystal compounds can be classified into a rod-shaped type and a disk-shaped type based on their shapes. In addition, there are low and high molecular types, respectively.
- Polymer generally refers to a polymer having a degree of polymerization of 100 or more (Polymer Physics / Phase Transition Dynamics, Masao Doi, 2 pages, Iwanami Shoten, 1992).
- any liquid crystalline compound can be used, but a rod-like liquid crystalline compound (hereinafter also abbreviated as “CLC” or “CLC compound”) or a discotic liquid crystalline compound (discotic liquid crystalline compound) (hereinafter referred to as “discotic liquid crystalline compound”).
- DLC or "DLC compound”
- Two or more kinds of rod-like liquid crystalline compounds, two or more kinds of disc-like liquid crystalline compounds, or a mixture of a rod-like liquid crystalline compound and a disk-like liquid crystalline compound may be used.
- a rod-like liquid crystalline compound having a polymerizable group or a discotic liquid crystalline compound it is more preferable to use a rod-like liquid crystalline compound having a polymerizable group or a discotic liquid crystalline compound, and the liquid crystalline compound has 2 polymerizable groups in one molecule. It is more preferable to have the above.
- the liquid crystal compound is a mixture of two or more, it is preferable that at least one liquid crystal compound has two or more polymerizable groups in one molecule.
- rod-like liquid crystal compound for example, those described in claim 1 of JP-T-11-53019 and paragraphs [0026] to [0098] of JP-A-2005-289980 can be preferably used.
- tick liquid crystalline compound for example, those described in paragraphs [0020] to [0067] of JP-A-2007-108732 and paragraphs [0013] to [0108] of JP-A-2010-244038 are preferably used. However, it is not limited to these.
- the polymerizable group is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymerizable group capable of causing polymerization or crosslinking reaction by actinic rays, electron beams, heat, or the like, and examples thereof include a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group or a ring polymerizable group.
- (meth) acryloyloxy group, vinyl group, styryl group, allyl group and the like can be mentioned. Of these, a (meth) acryloyloxy group is preferable.
- the “(meth) acryloyloxy group” is a description that comprehensively represents an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group, and the “(meth) acrylate” described later generally represents an acrylate or methacrylate. It is a description.
- the molecules of the liquid crystalline compound are fixed in any one of vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, hybrid alignment, and tilt alignment.
- the hybrid alignment means that the angle between the disc plane of the discotic liquid crystalline compound molecule or the molecular symmetry axis of the rod-like liquid crystalline compound molecule and the layer plane is the depth direction of the optically anisotropic layer and the alignment film. Orientation that increases or decreases with increasing distance from the surface. The angle preferably increases with increasing distance. In addition, as the change of the angle, continuous increase, continuous decrease, intermittent increase, intermittent decrease, change including continuous increase and continuous decrease, or intermittent change including increase and decrease are possible. .
- the intermittent change includes a region where the inclination angle does not change in the middle of the thickness direction.
- the angle may be increased or decreased as a whole even if it includes a region where the angle does not change, but it is preferable that the angle changes continuously.
- the orientation may be uniformly and uniformly inclined.
- an embodiment used as an optical compensation film of a twist alignment mode liquid crystal display device can be mentioned, and specifically, JP 2012-3183 A Of these, those described in paragraphs [0123] to [0126] can be preferably used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the alignment state of the liquid crystalline compound may be controlled.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate (plate having a ⁇ / 4 function) is a plate having a function of converting linearly polarized light having a specific wavelength into circularly polarized light (or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light). More specifically, the plate has an in-plane retardation value of ⁇ / 4 (or an odd multiple thereof) at a predetermined wavelength ⁇ nm.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate is, for example, a broadband formed by laminating a ⁇ / 4 plate and a ⁇ / 2 plate.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate is mentioned.
- the angle between the in-plane slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 plate and the in-plane slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 plate is preferably 60 °.
- the material constituting the ⁇ / 4 plate is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits the above-mentioned characteristics.
- the material include the above-described liquid crystal compound (for example, an optically anisotropic layer including a homogeneously aligned liquid crystal compound), a polymer film, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- a liquid crystalline compound is included at the point which is easy to control the said characteristic.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably a layer formed by fixing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group (rod-like liquid crystal compound or discotic liquid crystal compound) by polymerization or the like. It should be noted that after forming a fixed layer, it is no longer necessary to exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- the rod-like liquid crystalline compound when used, it is preferable to fix the rod-like liquid crystalline compound in a horizontally aligned state.
- the discotic liquid crystalline compound When the discotic liquid crystalline compound is used, the discotic liquid crystalline compound is vertically aligned. It is preferable to fix in a state.
- “the rod-like liquid crystal compound is horizontally aligned” means that the director of the rod-like liquid crystal compound and the layer surface are parallel
- the discotic liquid crystal compound is vertically aligned” means the discotic liquid crystal This means that the disk surface and layer surface of the active compound are perpendicular. It is not strictly required to be horizontal or vertical, but each means a range of ⁇ 20 ° from an accurate angle.
- a method for forming the ⁇ / 4 plate is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- the liquid crystal composition preferably contains an alignment control agent that promotes horizontal alignment and vertical alignment in order to bring the above-described liquid crystalline compound into a horizontal alignment and vertical alignment state.
- an alignment control agent that promotes horizontal alignment and vertical alignment in order to bring the above-described liquid crystalline compound into a horizontal alignment and vertical alignment state.
- the compound (alignment film interface side vertical alignment agent) that promotes the vertical alignment of the molecules of the liquid crystal compound on the alignment film interface side a pyridinium derivative is preferably used.
- a compound (air interface side vertical alignment agent) that promotes the vertical alignment of the molecules of the liquid crystal compound on the air interface side a fluoro aliphatic group that promotes the uneven distribution of this compound on the air interface side, One or more hydrophilic groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group (—COOH), a sulfo group (—SO 3 H), a phosphonoxy group ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ , and salts thereof A compound is preferably used.
- alignment control agents known compounds are appropriately used.
- alignment layer interface side vertical alignment agents [0086] to [0101] of Patent Document 1 (International Publication No. 2014/073616).
- Examples of the vertical alignment agent on the air interface side include the compounds described in paragraphs [0102] to [0113] of Patent Document 1 (International Publication No. 2014/073616). Incorporated herein by reference.
- orientation control agent a polymer defined in claim 14 of JP-A-2008-257205 (that is, a structural unit represented by the following general formula (A) and the following general formula (B) And a tilt angle controlling agent defined in claim 15 of the publication (that is, a structural unit represented by the following general formula (A) and a fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomer)
- a polymer defined in claim 14 of JP-A-2008-257205 that is, a structural unit represented by the following general formula (A) and the following general formula (B)
- a tilt angle controlling agent defined in claim 15 of the publication that is, a structural unit represented by the following general formula (A) and a fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomer
- Polymers containing structural units derived from the above and specific examples thereof include the polymers described in paragraphs [0023] to [0063] of the same publication, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. It is captured.
- Mp represents a trivalent group constituting a part of the main chain of the polymer
- L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group
- X represents a substituted or unsubstituted fragrance.
- Mp ′ represents a trivalent group constituting a part of the main chain of the polymer
- L ′ represents a single bond or a divalent linking group
- Rf Represents a substituent containing at least one fluorine atom.
- the alignment controller is derived from the structural unit represented by the general formula (A) and the fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomer. It is preferable to use a polymer containing a unit, and it is more preferable to use a polymer containing a structural unit represented by the general formula (A) and a structural unit represented by the general formula (B).
- the content of the repeating unit derived from the fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomer is 5 to 90% by mass. Preferably, 40 to 80% by mass is more preferable.
- the content of the alignment control agent is preferably 0.005 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, based on the total solid content of the liquid crystal composition. .
- the liquid crystal composition preferably contains a non-liquid crystalline monomer from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the surface energy of the optically anisotropic layer to be formed, and the liquid crystalline compound described above has a polymerizable group.
- the liquid crystalline compound described above has a polymerizable group.
- examples of the polymerizable group include those described above for the liquid crystal compound, and among these, a (meth) acryloyloxy group is preferable.
- non-liquid crystalline monomer having a (meth) acryloyloxy group examples include, for example, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate, and trimethylolpropane.
- examples include tri (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, oligoethylene di (meth) acrylate, and modified (for example, ethylene oxide modified) products thereof. These may be used alone or in combination. You may use the above together.
- the content of the non-liquid crystalline monomer is preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, based on the total solid content of the liquid crystal composition.
- the liquid crystal composition is preferably polymerized using a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator used include thermal polymerization initiators and photopolymerization initiators depending on the type of polymerization reaction.
- photopolymerization initiators include ⁇ -carbonyl compounds, acyloin ethers, ⁇ -hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acyloin compounds, polynuclear quinone compounds, combinations of triarylimidazole dimers and p-aminophenyl ketones, acridine and phenazine compounds. And oxadiazole compounds.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01% by mass to 20% by mass and more preferably 0.5% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the liquid crystal composition.
- the liquid crystal composition may contain a solvent, and an organic solvent is preferably used.
- organic solvent include amides (eg, N, N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (eg, dimethyl sulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (eg, pyridine), hydrocarbons (eg, benzene, hexane).
- alkyl halides eg chloroform, dichloromethane etc.
- esters eg methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate etc.
- ketones eg acetone, methyl ethyl ketone etc.
- ethers eg tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxy etc. Ethane etc.
- alkyl halides and ketones are preferred.
- the present invention it is possible to improve the uniformity of the coating film, the strength of the film, the orientation of the liquid crystal compound, and the like by using a plasticizer, a surfactant and the like together with the liquid crystal compound described above.
- the surfactant include conventionally known compounds, and fluorine compounds are particularly preferable. Specifically, for example, compounds described in paragraphs [0028] to [0056] in JP-A-2001-330725, paragraphs [0069] to [0126] in JP-A-2005-062673 And the compounds described.
- the optical layered body of the present invention may have a transparent support that supports the optically anisotropic layer A and the optically anisotropic layer B described above.
- the optical laminated body of this invention has a transparent support body, the optically anisotropic layer A, and the optically anisotropic layer B in this order, as shown in FIG.
- transparent As a material for forming the transparent support, a polymer excellent in optical performance transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture shielding property, isotropy and the like is preferable.
- transparent means that the visible light transmittance is 60% or more, preferably 80% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more.
- polymers that can be used as the transparent support include, for example, a cellulose polymer; an acrylic polymer having an acrylic ester polymer such as polymethyl methacrylate and a lactone ring-containing polymer; a thermoplastic norbornene polymer; a polycarbonate polymer; Polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; Styrene polymers such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile / styrene copolymers (AS resin); Polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene / propylene copolymers; Vinyl chloride polymers Amide polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamide; imide polymers; sulfone polymers; polyethersulfone polymers; polyetheretherketone polymers Mer; polyphenylene sulfide polymers; vinylidene chloride polymer; vinyl alcohol-based polymer, vinyl butyral-based polymers; arylate polymers; polyoxym
- the thickness of the transparent support is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 90 ⁇ m.
- the transparent support may be composed of a plurality of laminated layers. Further, in order to improve adhesion between the transparent support and a layer provided thereon (for example, the above-described optically anisotropic layer A or a polarizing film described later), the transparent support is subjected to surface treatment (eg, glow discharge treatment). , Corona discharge treatment, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, flame treatment). An adhesive layer (undercoat layer) may be provided on the transparent support.
- the average particle size of the transparent support or the long transparent support is 10 in order to provide slippage in the transport process or to prevent the back surface and the surface from sticking after winding. It is preferable to use a polymer layer in which inorganic particles of about ⁇ 100 nm are mixed at a solid content weight ratio of 5% to 40% and formed on one side of the support by coating or co-casting with the support.
- additives for example, an optical anisotropy adjusting agent, a wavelength dispersion adjusting agent, fine particles, a plasticizer, an ultraviolet ray preventing agent, a deterioration preventing agent, a release agent, etc.
- the addition time may be any in the dope preparation step (preparation step of the cellulose acylate solution), but an additive is added and prepared at the end of the dope preparation step. You may perform a process.
- an alignment film may be formed between the transparent support and the optically anisotropic layer.
- the alignment film generally contains a polymer as a main component.
- the polymer material for alignment film is described in many documents, and many commercially available products can be obtained.
- the polymer material used in the present invention is preferably polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide, and derivatives thereof. In particular, modified or unmodified polyvinyl alcohol is preferred.
- modified or unmodified polyvinyl alcohol is preferred.
- the thickness of the alignment film is preferably thin from the viewpoint of oxygen permeability.
- the alignment film has a uniform film thickness by imparting alignment ability for forming an optically anisotropic layer and relaxing the surface irregularities of the support.
- a certain amount of thickness is required from the viewpoint of forming the optically anisotropic layer.
- the thickness of the alignment film is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- a photo-alignment film is not particularly limited, and those described in paragraphs [0024] to [0043] of WO2005 / 096041 and trade name LPP-JP265CP manufactured by Rolitechnologies can be used.
- the method for producing the optical layered body is not particularly limited.
- the above-described liquid crystalline compounds and alignment control agents are appropriately selected so as to satisfy each surface energy in the above-described optically anisotropic layer A and optically anisotropic layer B.
- the other optical anisotropic layer is formed on the optical anisotropic layer. It can be produced by directly forming B).
- the optical layered body of the present invention has a transparent support, an optically anisotropic layer A, and an optically anisotropic layer B described later in this order, the following steps (1) to ( 6).
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2014/073616 exemplified above as the method for forming the ⁇ / 4 plate is used.
- the steps in the method for producing a retardation plate described in paragraphs [0129] to [0136] of the above can be employed as appropriate.
- Step (1) An alignment film is provided on the transparent support.
- Step (2) A step of applying a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound A (for example, a discotic liquid crystal compound) on the alignment film and performing a heat treatment as necessary to align the liquid crystal compound A.
- a liquid crystal compound A for example, a discotic liquid crystal compound
- the polarizing plate of this invention is a polarizing plate which has the optical laminated body of this invention mentioned above, and a polarizing film.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention having the above configuration is an embodiment in which the above-described optical laminate of the present invention functions as a ⁇ / 4 plate (for example, a broadband ⁇ / 4 formed by laminating a ⁇ / 4 plate and a ⁇ / 2 plate). Plate) functions as a circularly polarizing plate.
- the polarizing plate (circular polarizing plate) of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device, a plasma display panel (PDP), an electroluminescence display (ELD), or a cathode tube display device (Cathode). It is suitably used for antireflection applications of image display devices such as Ray Tube (CRT), and can improve the contrast ratio of display light.
- PDP plasma display panel
- ELD electroluminescence display
- Cathode cathode tube display device
- CTR Ray Tube
- the aspect which used the circularly-polarizing plate of this invention for the light extraction surface side of an organic electroluminescence display is mentioned. In this case, external light becomes linearly polarized light by the polarizing film and then becomes circularly polarized light by passing through the retardation plate.
- FIG. 2A to 2C are schematic cross-sectional views each showing an example of an embodiment of the polarizing plate of the present invention.
- a polarizing plate 100 illustrated in FIG. 2A includes an optical laminate 10 and a polarizing film 20.
- the polarizing plate 110 may include a protective film 22 together with the optical laminate 10 and the polarizing film 20.
- the polarizing plate 120 includes a retardation plate 10, a polarizing film 20, a protective film 22, and a functional layer 24.
- the functional layer 24 include at least one selected from the group consisting of an antireflection layer, an antiglare layer, and a hard coat layer. A known layer material is used for these. Note that a plurality of these layers may be stacked. Below, among the layers constituting the retardation plate of the present invention, those other than the above-described optical laminate of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the polarizing film (polarizer layer) included in the polarizing plate of the present invention may be a member having a function of converting natural light into specific linearly polarized light, and an absorbing polarizer can be used.
- the type of the polarizing film is not particularly limited, and a commonly used polarizing film can be used.
- any of an iodine-based polarizing film, a dye-based polarizing film using a dichroic dye, and a polyene-based polarizing film Can also be used.
- the iodine-based polarizing film and the dye-based polarizing film are generally produced by adsorbing iodine or a dichroic dye to polyvinyl alcohol and stretching it.
- a polarizing film is used as a polarizing plate by which the protective film was bonded on both surfaces.
- the protective film which the polarizing plate of this invention may have is not specifically limited,
- the polymer film used normally can be used.
- the polymer constituting the polymer film is, for example, a cellulose-based polymer; an acrylic polymer having an acrylate polymer such as polymethyl methacrylate or a lactone ring-containing polymer; a thermoplastic norbornene-based polymer; a polycarbonate-based polymer.
- Polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; Styrene polymers such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer (AS resin); Polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene / propylene copolymer; Vinyl polymers; Amide polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamide; Imide polymers; Sulfone polymers; Polyether sulfone polymers; Polyether ether keto System polymers; polyphenylene sulfide-based polymers; vinylidene chloride polymer; vinyl alcohol-based polymer, vinyl butyral-based polymers; arylate polymers; polyoxymethylene polymers, epoxy-based polymers; or polymers obtained by mixing these polymers.
- Styrene polymers such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer (AS resin); Polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropy
- the functional layer that the polarizing plate of the present invention may have include at least one selected from the group consisting of an antireflection layer, an antiglare layer, and a hard coat layer, as described above.
- a known layer material is used for these. Note that a plurality of these layers may be stacked.
- the antireflection layer has a simplest configuration in which only the low refractive index layer is coated on the outermost surface of the film. In order to further reduce the reflectivity, it is preferable to configure the antireflection layer by combining a high refractive index layer having a high refractive index and a low refractive index layer having a low refractive index.
- two layers of a high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer or three layers having different refractive indexes are arranged in order from the bottom, and a medium refractive index layer (having a higher refractive index than the lower layer and a high refractive index).
- a layer having a lower refractive index than a layer) / a layer having a higher refractive index / a layer having a lower refractive index are stacked in this order.
- JP-A-8-122504 Examples include the configurations described in JP-A-8-110401, JP-A-10-300902, JP-A-2002-243906, JP-A-2000-11706, and the like.
- a three-layer antireflection film excellent in robustness against film thickness fluctuation is described in JP-A-2008-262187.
- the antireflection film having the above three-layer structure is installed on the surface of an image display device, the average value of reflectance can be reduced to 0.5% or less, reflection can be remarkably reduced, and a three-dimensional effect can be achieved. An excellent image can be obtained.
- each layer may be provided with other functions, for example, an antifouling low refractive index layer, an antistatic high refractive index layer, an antistatic hard coat layer, an antiglare hard coat layer, and the like.
- an antifouling low refractive index layer for example, JP-A-10-206603, JP-A-2002-243906, JP-A-2007-264113, etc.).
- the organic EL display device of the present invention is an organic EL display device having the above-described optical laminate of the present invention or the polarizing plate of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A to 3C are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example of an embodiment of the organic EL display device of the present invention.
- the organic EL display device shown in FIG. 3A includes at least an organic EL panel 26, an optical laminate 10, and a polarizing film 20. Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, the organic EL display device 210 may further have a protective film 22 on the polarizing film 20, and as shown in FIG. 220 may have the protective film 22 and the functional layer 24 on the polarizing film 20.
- An organic EL panel is a member in which a plurality of organic compound thin films including a light emitting layer or a light emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes of an anode and a cathode.
- a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer , An electron transport layer, a protective layer, etc. may have other functions.
- Various materials can be used for forming each layer.
- the anode supplies holes to a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and the like, and a metal, an alloy, a metal oxide, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof can be used.
- Specific examples include conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide and indium tin oxide (ITO), metals such as gold, silver, chromium and nickel, and these metals and conductive metal oxides.
- Inorganic conductive materials such as copper iodide and copper sulfide, organic conductive materials such as polyaniline, polythiophene, and polypyrrole, and laminates of these with ITO, preferably conductive metals It is an oxide, and ITO is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of productivity, high conductivity, transparency, and the like.
- the thickness of the anode can be appropriately selected depending on the material, but is usually preferably in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and further preferably 100 nm to 500 nm.
- UV absorber solution C-1 Composition of UV absorber solution C-1 ⁇ UV absorber (UV-1 below) 10.0 parts by weight UV absorber (UV-2 below) 10.0 parts by weight Methylene chloride 55.7 parts by weight Methanol 10 parts by weight Butanol 1.3 parts by weight ⁇ Cellulose ester solution A-1 12.9 parts by mass ⁇
- the cast dope film was dried on the drum by applying a drying air of 34 ° C. at 150 m 3 / min, and peeled off from the drum with a residual solvent of 150%. During peeling, 15% stretching was performed in the transport direction (longitudinal direction). Thereafter, the film is conveyed while being held by a pin tenter (pin tenter described in FIG. 3 of JP-A-4-1009) at both ends in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the casting direction) and stretched in the width direction. No processing was performed. Furthermore, it dried further by conveying between the rolls of a heat processing apparatus, and manufactured the cellulose acylate film (T1). The produced long cellulose acylate film (T1) had a residual solvent amount of 0.2%, a thickness of 60 ⁇ m, and Re and Rth at 550 nm of 0.8 nm and 40 nm, respectively.
- an alignment film coating solution (A) having the following composition was continuously applied with a # 14 wire bar. Drying was performed with warm air of 60 ° C. for 60 seconds and further with warm air of 100 ° C. for 120 seconds. The degree of saponification of the modified polyvinyl alcohol used was 96.8%.
- composition of coating liquid for alignment film (A) ⁇ -10 parts by weight of the following modified polyvinyl alcohol-308 parts by weight of water-70 parts by weight of methanol-29 parts by weight of isopropanol-Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 2959, manufactured by Ciba Japan) 0.8 parts by mass ⁇
- An optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (A) containing a discotic liquid crystal (DLC) compound having the following composition was continuously applied on the prepared alignment film with a # 5.0 wire bar.
- the conveyance speed (V) of the film was 26 m / min.
- the film was heated with warm air of 115 ° C. for 90 seconds, then heated with warm air of 80 ° C. for 60 seconds, and irradiated with UV at 80 ° C. (exposure) Amount: 70 mJ / cm 2 ) to fix the orientation of the liquid crystal compound.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer A was 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the average inclination angle of the disk surface of the DLC compound with respect to the film surface was 90 °, and it was confirmed that the DLC compound was oriented perpendicular to the film surface.
- the angle of the slow axis was parallel to the rotation axis of the rubbing roller, and was 15 ° when the film longitudinal direction was 90 ° (film width direction was 0 °).
- composition of optically anisotropic layer coating solution (A) ⁇ -80 parts by mass of the following discotic liquid crystalline compound (A)-20 parts by mass of the following discotic liquid crystalline compound (B)-Ethylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane triacrylate (V # 360, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) 10 parts by mass-Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 907, manufactured by Ciba Japan) 3 parts by mass-0.9 parts by mass of the following pyridinium salt (A)-0.08 parts by mass of the following boronic acid-containing compound- Polymer (A) 0.6 part by mass, the following fluoropolymer (FP1) [orientation control agent] 0.3 part by mass, methyl ethyl ketone 183 parts by mass, cyclohexanone 40 parts by mass ⁇ ⁇
- optically anisotropic layer B (Formation of optically anisotropic layer B) The optically anisotropic layer A produced above was continuously rubbed. At this time, the longitudinal direction of the long film and the transport direction are parallel, and the angle formed between the longitudinal direction of the film and the rotation axis of the rubbing roller is ⁇ 75 ° (counterclockwise) (the longitudinal direction of the film is 90 °). Then, the rotation axis of the rubbing roller is 165 °).
- An optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (B) containing a rod-like liquid crystalline compound having the following composition was continuously applied onto the optically anisotropic layer A after the rubbing treatment with a # 2.8 wire bar.
- the conveyance speed (V) of the film was 26 m / min.
- the solution was heated with warm air of 60 ° C. for 60 seconds and irradiated with UV at 60 ° C. to fix the alignment of the liquid crystal compound.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer B was 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the average inclination angle of the long axis of the rod-like liquid crystalline compound with respect to the film surface was 0 °, and it was confirmed that the liquid crystalline compound was aligned horizontally with respect to the film surface.
- the angle of the slow axis was orthogonal to the rotation axis of the rubbing roller, and was 75 ° when the film longitudinal direction was 90 ° (film width direction was 0 °).
- about the ratio of the repeating unit a (F part) with respect to the total amount of the repeating unit a and b of the following fluoropolymer (FP2) used with the following optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (B) it is as shown in following Table 1. It is.
- composition of optically anisotropic layer coating solution (B) ⁇ -A mixture of the following rod-like liquid crystalline compounds (A) 100 parts by mass-Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 907, manufactured by Ciba Japan) 3 parts by mass-Sensitizer (Kayacure DETX, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass ⁇ Fluoropolymer (FP2) below (orientation control agent) 0.3 part by mass ⁇ 337 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketone ⁇ ⁇
- A 100 parts by mass-Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 907, manufactured by Ciba Japan) 3 parts by mass-Sensitizer (Kayacure DETX, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) 1 part by mass ⁇ Fluoropolymer (FP2) below (orientation control agent) 0.3 part by mass ⁇ 337 parts by mass of methyl ethyl
- the optically anisotropic layer A formed from the discotic liquid crystalline compound and the optically anisotropic layer B formed from the rod-like liquid crystalline compound are formed on the cellulose acylate film (T1).
- T1 cellulose acylate film
- a laminated optical laminate was produced. This film was immersed in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 1.5 mol / liter at 55 ° C., and the sodium hydroxide was thoroughly washed away with water. Then, after being immersed in a diluted sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 0.005 mol / liter at 35 ° C. for 1 minute, it was immersed in water to sufficiently wash away the diluted sulfuric acid aqueous solution. Finally, the sample was thoroughly dried at 120 ° C.
- Example 1 In the composition of the optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (B), except that 5 parts by mass of ethylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane triacrylate (V # 360, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) was blended as a non-liquid crystalline monomer. An optical laminate was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 In the composition of the optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (B), the ratio of the repeating unit a (F part) of the fluoropolymer (FP2) as the orientation control agent was changed to the values shown in Table 1 below, and Comparative Example 1 was used to produce an optical laminate.
- Examples 3 to 4 In the composition of the optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (B), the ratio of the repeating unit a (F part) of the fluoropolymer (FP2) as the orientation control agent is changed to the value shown in Table 1 below, and the total solid content is changed.
- An optical laminate was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the addition amount was changed to the value shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 5 In the composition of the optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (B), except that 5 parts by mass of ethylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane triacrylate (V # 360, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) was blended as a non-liquid crystalline monomer. An optical laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 2.
- Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 1 except that, in the composition of the optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (B), a fluorine-based polymer (FP3) represented by the following formula was blended instead of the fluorine-based polymer (FP2) which is an orientation control agent.
- FP3 fluorine-based polymer represented by the following formula
- Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 1 except that in the composition of the optically anisotropic layer coating liquid (A), a fluorine polymer (FP2) represented by the above formula was blended in place of the fluorine polymer (FP1) which is an orientation control agent. An optical laminate was prepared in the same manner as described above.
- Example 6 In the coating liquid composition of the optically anisotropic layer (B), except that 5 parts by mass of ethylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane triacrylate (V # 360, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) was blended as a non-liquid crystalline monomer. An optical laminate was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7.
- optically anisotropic layer A and the optically anisotropic layer B of each optical laminate produced were peeled by the above-described method, and the surface of the optically anisotropic layer A that was in contact with the optically anisotropic layer B (ZA) Surface energy A of the surface), surface energy B1 of the surface (ZB back surface) on the side that was in contact with the optical anisotropic layer A in the optical anisotropic layer B, and optical anisotropic layer in the optical anisotropic layer B
- the surface energy B2 of the surface opposite to the side in contact with A (ZB surface) was measured by the method described above.
- Example 5 shows that the non-polymer having the same polymerizable group as the polymerizable group of the liquid crystalline compound. It was found that cissing was further suppressed by containing a liquid crystalline monomer (Example 5).
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、以下の構成により上記課題を達成することができることを見出した。
光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bが直接接しており、
光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bのいずれか一方または両方が、液晶性化合物を含有する組成物から形成されたものであり、
光学異方性層Aにおける光学異方性層Bに接する側の表面の表面エネルギーAが、30~40mN/mであり、
光学異方性層Bにおける光学異方性層Aに接する側の表面の表面エネルギーB1が、35mN/m以上であり、
光学異方性層Bにおける光学異方性層Aに接する側とは反対側の表面の表面エネルギーB2が、25mN/m以下である、光学積層体。
[2] 更に透明支持体を有し、透明支持体、光学異方性層A、および、光学異方性層Bをこの順に有する[1]に記載の光学積層体。
[3] 光学異方性層Bが、液晶性化合物を含有する組成物から形成されたものである、[2]に記載の光学積層体。
[4] 光学異方性層Bが、液晶性化合物を含有する組成物から形成されたものであり、
液晶性化合物が、重合性基を有しており、
組成物が、液晶性化合物の重合性基と同じ重合性基を有する非液晶性モノマーを含有する、[2]に記載の光学積層体。
[5] 重合性基がアクリロイルオキシ基またはメタクリロイルオキシ基である、[4]に記載の光学積層体。
[6] 光学異方性層Bにおける表面エネルギーB1と表面エネルギーB2との差が、17mN/m以上である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の光学積層体。
[7] [1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の光学積層体と、偏光膜とを有する偏光板。
[8] [1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の光学積層体、または、[7]に記載の偏光板を有する、有機EL表示装置。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されるものではない。
なお、本明細書において、「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
次に、本明細書で用いられる用語について説明する。
また、本明細書において、角度(例えば「90°」等の角度)、およびその関係(例えば「直交」、「平行」、「同一方向」、及び「45°で交差」等)については、本発明が属する技術分野において許容される誤差の範囲を含むものとする。この時、許容される誤差としては、例えば、厳密な角度±10°未満の範囲内であることなどを意味し、具体的に厳密な角度との誤差は、5°以下であることが好ましく、3°以下であることがより好ましい。
本発明の光学積層体は、光学異方性層Aと光学異方性層Bとを有する光学積層体であって、光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bが直接接しており、光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bのいずれか一方または両方が、液晶性化合物を含有する組成物から形成されたものである。
また、本発明の光学積層体は、光学異方性層Aにおける光学異方性層Bに接する側の表面(以下、「ZA表面」ともいう。)の表面エネルギーAが30~40mN/mであり、かつ、光学異方性層Bにおける光学異方性層Aに接する側の表面(以下、「ZB裏面」ともいう。)の表面エネルギーB1が35mN/m以上である。
更に、本発明の光学積層体は、光学異方性層Bにおける光学異方性層Aに接する側とは反対側の表面(以下、「ZB表面」ともいう。)の表面エネルギーB2が25mN/m以下である。
このように光学異方性層の形成時のハジキおよび膜厚ムラが抑制される理由は、詳細には明らかではないが、およそ以下のとおりと推測される。
従来、光学積層体として、例えば、液晶層を積層する際に上層のハジキを抑制するためには、上層(塗布する層)の表面張力を下げる、または、下層(塗布される層)の表面エネルギーを高くすればよいと考えられていた。
これに対し、上述した通り、本発明では、ZB表面の表面エネルギーB2を低くするとともに、界面の表面エネルギー、すなわち、ZB裏面の表面エネルギーB1およびZA表面の表面エネルギーA1を所定の範囲に高く保つことで、ハジキが抑制されることを見出している。
すなわち、ZB裏面およびZA表面の界面の表面エネルギーが高く、この界面付近への添加剤(例えば、配向制御剤、界面活性剤など)の偏在が抑制されたため、ハジキおよび膜厚ムラが抑制されたと考えられる。
図1に示す光学積層体10は、互いに直接接する光学異方性層(A)14と光学異方性層(B)16とを有する。
また、図1に示すように、光学積層体10は、透明支持体12を有していてもよく、図1に示すように、透明支持体12と、光学異方性層(A)14と、光学異方性層(B)16とをこの順に有しているのが好ましい。
以下に、本発明の光学積層体を構成する各層について詳述する。
本発明の光学積層体が有する光学異方性層AおよびBは、互いに直接接しており、かつ、いずれか一方または両方が液晶性化合物を含有する組成物(以下、「液晶組成物」ともいう。)から形成されたものである。
ここで、液晶組成物については後述する通りであるが、光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bのいずれか一方(例えば、光学異方性層B)のみが液晶組成物で形成される場合は、液晶組成物以外で形成される光学異方性層としては、後述する透明支持体を形成する材料を適宜選択して形成することができる。
本発明の光学積層体は、光学異方性層Aにおける光学異方性層Bに接する側の表面(ZA表面)の表面エネルギーAが、30~40mN/mであり、31~38mN/mであるのが好ましく、32~35mN/mであるのがより好ましい。
また、光学異方性層Bにおける光学異方性層Aに接する側の表面(ZB裏面)の表面エネルギーB1が、35mN/m以上であり、35~42mN/mであるのが好ましく、36~41mN/mであるのがより好ましい。
また、光学異方性層Bにおける光学異方性層Aに接する側とは反対側の表面(ZB表面)の表面エネルギーB2が、25mN/m以下であり、17~25mN/mであるのが好ましく、17~23mN/mであるのがより好ましい。
1+cosθH2O=2√γsd(√γH2O d/γH2O v)+2√γsh(√γH2O h/γH2O v) ・・・ (A)
1+cosθCH2I2=2√γsd(√γCH2I2 d/γCH2I2 v)+2√γsh(√γCH2I2 h/γCH2I2 v) ・・・(B)
(ただし、γH2O d=21.8、γH2O h=51.0、γH2O v=72.8、γCH2I2 d=49.5、γCH2I2 h=1.3、γCH2I2 v=50.8とする。)
(a)光学積層体の断面に、カッターを用いて光学異方性層の層間(界面)に切れ目を入れ、剥離させる始点(きっかけ)を形成した後に、きっかけを形成した光学異方性層の空気界面側から粘着剤(SK-2057、綜研化学株式会社製)を貼り、剥離する。
(b)上記(a)の方法で光学異方性層を剥離できない場合、切れ目を入れた光学積層体を85℃、相対湿度85%の環境下に15日以上入れ、その後、上記(a)と同様の方法で剥離する。
本発明においては、上述した表面エネルギーを調整しやすく、光学異方性層の形成時のハジキがより抑制される理由から、光学異方性層AおよびBのうち、少なくとも後に形成する光学異方性層が液晶組成物で形成されたものであるのが好ましく、光学異方性層Bが液晶組成物で形成されたものであるのがより好ましく、光学異方性層AおよびBのいずれもが液晶組成物で形成されたものであるのが更に好ましい。
このような液晶組成物としては、具体的には、例えば、後述する液晶性化合物、配向制御剤、非液晶性モノマー、溶媒などを含有する液晶組成物を用いることができる。
一般的に、液晶性化合物はその形状から、棒状タイプと円盤状タイプに分類できる。さらにそれぞれ低分子と高分子タイプがある。高分子とは一般に重合度が100以上のものを指す(高分子物理・相転移ダイナミクス,土井 正男 著,2頁,岩波書店,1992)。本発明では、いずれの液晶性化合物を用いることもできるが、棒状液晶性化合物(以下、「CLC」または「CLC化合物」とも略す。)またはディスコティック液晶性化合物(円盤状液晶性化合物)(以下、「DLC」または「DLC化合物」とも略す。)を用いるのが好ましい。2種以上の棒状液晶性化合物、2種以上の円盤状液晶性化合物、または棒状液晶性化合物と円盤状液晶性化合物との混合物を用いてもよい。上述の液晶性化合物の固定化のために、重合性基を有する棒状液晶性化合物または円盤状液晶性化合物を用いて形成することがより好ましく、液晶性化合物が1分子中に重合性基を2以上有することがさらに好ましい。液晶性化合物が二種類以上の混合物の場合には、少なくとも1種類の液晶性化合物が1分子中に2以上の重合性基を有していることが好ましい。
棒状液晶性化合物としては、例えば、特表平11-513019号公報の請求項1や特開2005-289980号公報の段落[0026]~[0098]に記載のものを好ましく用いることができ、ディスコティック液晶性化合物としては、例えば、特開2007-108732号公報の段落[0020]~[0067]や特開2010-244038号公報の段落[0013]~[0108]に記載のものを好ましく用いることができるが、これらに限定されない。
また、重合性基は、活性光線や電子線、熱などによって重合や架橋反応を起こしうる重合性基であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、重合性エチレン性不飽和基または環重合性基が挙げられ、具体的には、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基、ビニル基、スチリル基、アリル基等が挙げられる。これらのうち、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基であるのが好ましい。なお、「(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基」とは、アクリロイルオキシ基またはメタクリロイルオキシ基を包括的に表現する記載であり、後述する「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、アクリレートまたはメタクリレートを包括的に表現する記載である。
上記角度は、距離の増加と共に増加することが好ましい。
また、上記角度の変化としては、連続的増加、連続的減少、間欠的増加、間欠的減少、連続的増加と連続的減少を含む変化、あるいは、増加及び減少を含む間欠的変化が可能である。間欠的変化は、厚さ方向の途中で傾斜角が変化しない領域を含んでいる。
更に、上記角度は、角度が変化しない領域を含んでいても、全体として増加または減少していればよいが、連続的に変化することが好ましい。もちろん均一に一様に傾斜した配向でもよい。
このようなハイブリッド配向状態に液晶性化合物が固定化された態様としては、例えば、捩れ配向モード液晶表示装置の光学補償フィルムとして用いる態様が挙げられ、具体的には、特開2012-3183号公報の段落[0123]~[0126]に記載のものを好ましく用いることができるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
ここで、λ/4板(λ/4機能を有する板)とは、ある特定の波長の直線偏光を円偏光に(または円偏光を直線偏光に)変換する機能を有する板である。より具体的には、所定の波長λnmにおける面内レターデーション値がλ/4(または、この奇数倍)を示す板である。
そして、本発明の光学積層体は、光学異方性層AおよびBを有しているため、λ/4板としては、例えば、λ/4板とλ/2板とを積層してなる広帯域λ/4板が挙げられる。なお、広帯域λ/4板中において、λ/4板の面内遅相軸とλ/2板の面内遅相軸とのなす角度は60°であることが好ましい。
このとき、棒状液晶性化合物を用いる場合には、棒状液晶性化合物を水平配向した状態で固定化するのが好ましく、ディスコティック液晶性化合物を用いる場合には、ディスコティック液晶性化合物を垂直配向した状態で固定化するのが好ましい。なお、本発明において、「棒状液晶性化合物が水平配向」とは、棒状液晶性化合物のダイレクタと層面が平行であることを言い、「ディスコティック液晶性化合物が垂直配向」とは、ディスコティック液晶性化合物の円盤面と層面が垂直であることを言う。厳密に水平、垂直であることを要求するものではなく、それぞれ正確な角度から±20°の範囲であることを意味するものとする。±5°以内であることが好ましく、±3°以内であることがより好ましく、±2°以内であることがさらに好ましく、±1°以内であることが最も好ましい。
λ/4板の形成方法は特に制限されず、公知の方法が採用でき、例えば、特開2004-238431号公報の[0097]段落に記載された広帯域λ/4板の製造方法や、特許文献1(国際公開第2014/073616号)の[0129]~[0136]段落に記載された位相差板の製造方法などが挙げられる。
液晶組成物は、上述した液晶性化合物を水平配向、垂直配向状態とするために、水平配向、垂直配向を促進する配向制御剤を含有するのが好ましい。
配向膜界面側で液晶性化合物の分子を垂直に配向させるのを促進する化合物(配向膜界面側垂直配向剤)としては、ピリジニウム誘導体が好適に用いられる。
空気界面側で液晶性化合物の分子を垂直に配向させるのを促進する化合物(空気界面側垂直配向剤)としては、この化合物が空気界面側に偏在するのを促進する、フルオロ脂肪族基と、カルボキシル基(-COOH)、スルホ基(-SO3H)、ホスホノキシ基{-OP(=O)(OH)2}およびそれらの塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の親水性基とを含む化合物が好適に用いられる。
これらの配向制御剤としては、公知の化合物が適宜使用されるが、例えば、配向膜界面側垂直配向剤としては、特許文献1(国際公開第2014/073616号)の[0086]~[0101]段落に記載の化合物が挙げられ、空気界面側垂直配向剤としては特許文献1(国際公開第2014/073616号)の[0102]~[0113]段落に記載の化合物が挙げられ、その内容は本明細書に参照として取り込まれる。
ここで、一般式(A)中、Mpはポリマーの主鎖の一部を構成する3価の基を表し、Lは単結合又は2価の連結基を表し、Xは置換もしくは無置換の芳香族縮合環官能基を表し;一般式(B)中、Mp’はポリマーの主鎖の一部を構成する3価の基を表し、L’は単結合又は2価の連結基を表し、Rfは少なくとも一つのフッ素原子を含有する置換基を表す。
また、このようなポリマーを用いる場合、フルオロ脂肪族基含有モノマーより誘導される繰り返し単位(好ましくは、一般式(B)で表される構成単位)の含有率としては、5~90質量%が好ましく、40~80質量%がより好ましい。
液晶組成物は、形成する光学異方性層の表面エネルギーを調整しやすくする観点から、非液晶性モノマーを含有しているのが好ましく、上述した液晶性化合物が重合性基を有している場合は、この重合性基と同じ重合性基を有する非液晶性モノマーを含有するのがより好ましい。
ここで、重合性基は、上述した液晶性化合物において説明したものが挙げられ、中でも、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基であるのが好ましい。
液晶組成物は、上述した液晶性化合物の配向状態を維持して固定する観点から、重合開始剤を用いて液晶性化合物を重合させることが好ましい。
使用される重合開始剤は、重合反応の形式に応じて、熱重合開始剤、光重合開始剤が挙げられる。例えば、光重合開始剤としては、α-カルボニル化合物、アシロインエーテル、α-炭化水素置換芳香族アシロイン化合物、多核キノン化合物、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマーとp-アミノフェニルケトンとの組み合わせ、アクリジンおよびフェナジン化合物およびオキサジアゾール化合物が含まれる。
重合開始剤の使用量は、液晶組成物の全固形分に対して、0.01質量%~20質量%であることが好ましく、0.5質量%~5質量%であることが更に好ましい。
液晶組成物は、溶媒が含まれていてもよく、有機溶媒が好ましく用いられる。
有機溶媒としては、具体的には、アミド(例えば、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドなど)、スルホキシド(例えば、ジメチルスルホキシドなど)、ヘテロ環化合物(例えば、ピリジンなど)、炭化水素(例えば、ベンゼン、ヘキサンなど)、アルキルハライド(例えば、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタンなど)、エステル(例えば、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなど)、ケトン(例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなど)、エーテル(例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタンなど)が挙げられ、これらを1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
これらのうち、アルキルハライドおよびケトンが好ましい。
本発明においては、上述した液晶性化合物などと共に、可塑剤、界面活性剤等を併用して、塗工膜の均一性、膜の強度、液晶性化合物の配向性等を向上させることができる。
界面活性剤としては、従来公知の化合物が挙げられるが、特にフッ素系化合物が好ましい。具体的には、例えば特開2001-330725号公報明細書中の段落番号[0028]~[0056]記載の化合物、特開2005-062673号公報明細書中の段落番号[0069]~[0126]記載の化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の光学積層体は、上述した光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bを支持する透明支持体を有していてもよい。なお、透明支持体を有する場合、本発明の光学積層体は、図1に示すように、透明支持体、光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bをこの順に有するのが好ましい。
透明支持体として用いることのできるポリマーとしては、例えば、セルロース系ポリマー;ポリメチルメタクリレート、ラクトン環含有重合体等のアクリル酸エステル重合体を有するアクリル系ポリマー;熱可塑性ノルボルネン系ポリマー;ポリカーボネート系ポリマー;ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート等のポリエステル系ポリマー;ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル・スチレン共重合体(AS樹脂)等のスチレン系ポリマー;ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン・プロピレン共重合体等のポリオレフィン系ポリマー;塩化ビニル系ポリマー;ナイロン、芳香族ポリアミド等のアミド系ポリマー;イミド系ポリマー;スルホン系ポリマー;ポリエーテルスルホン系ポリマー;ポリエーテルエーテルケトン系ポリマー;ポリフェニレンスルフィド系ポリマー;塩化ビニリデン系ポリマー;ビニルアルコール系ポリマー;ビニルブチラール系ポリマー;アリレート系ポリマー;ポリオキシメチレン系ポリマー;エポキシ系ポリマー;またはこれらのポリマーを混合したポリマーが挙げられる。
また、透明支持体は複数枚の積層からなっていてもよい。
また、透明支持体とその上に設けられる層(例えば、上述した光学異方性層Aや後述する偏光膜など)との接着を改善するため、透明支持体に表面処理(例、グロー放電処理、コロナ放電処理、紫外線(UV)処理、火炎処理)を実施してもよい。
また、透明支持体の上に、接着層(下塗り層)を設けてもよい。また、透明支持体や長尺の透明支持体には、搬送工程でのすべり性を付与したり、巻き取った後の裏面と表面の貼り付きを防止したりするために、平均粒径が10~100nm程度の無機粒子を固形分重量比で5%~40%混合したポリマー層を支持体の片側に塗布や支持体との共流延によって形成したものを用いることが好ましい。
透明支持体には、種々の添加剤(例えば、光学的異方性調整剤、波長分散調整剤、微粒子、可塑剤、紫外線防止剤、劣化防止剤、剥離剤、など)を加えることができる。また、透明支持体がセルロースアシレートフィルムである場合、その添加する時期はドープ作製工程(セルロースアシレート溶液の作製工程)における何れでもよいが、ドープ作製工程の最後に添加剤を添加し調製する工程を行ってもよい。
本発明の光学積層体は、上述した透明支持体を有する場合、透明支持体と光学異方性層との間に、配向膜を形成してもよい。
配向膜の厚さは、酸素透過度の観点からは薄い方が好ましいが、光学異方性層形成のための配向能の付与、および、支持体の表面凹凸を緩和して均一な膜厚の光学異方性層を形成するという観点からはある程度の厚みが必要となる。具体的には、配向膜の厚さは、0.01~10μmであることが好ましく、0.01~1μmであることがより好ましく、0.01~0.5μmであることがさらに好ましい。
光学積層体の作製方法は特に限定されず、例えば、上述した光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bにおける各表面エネルギーを満たすように上述した液晶性化合物や配向制御剤等を適宜選択した上で、一方の光学異方性層(例えば、光学異方性層A)を形成した後に、この光学異方性層の上に他方の光学異方性層(例えば、光学異方性層B)を直接形成することにより作製することができる。
具体的には、例えば、本発明の光学積層体が、後述する透明支持体、光学異方性層A、および、光学異方性層Bをこの順に有する場合は、下記工程(1)~(6)により作製することができる。なお、下記工程(1)~(6)における塗布、加熱処理、硬化処理、ラビングなどの条件については、λ/4板の形成方法として上記で例示した特許文献1(国際公開第2014/073616号)の[0129]~[0136]段落に記載された位相差板の製造方法における各工程を適宜採用することができる。
工程(1):透明支持体上に配向膜を設ける。
工程(2):配向膜上に、液晶性化合物A(例えば、ディスコティック液晶性化合物)を含有する液晶組成物を塗布して、必要により加熱処理を行い、液晶性化合物Aを配向させる工程
工程(3):液晶性化合物Aに対して、硬化処理を施し、光学異方性層Aを形成する工程
工程(4):光学異方性層A上をラビングする。
工程(5):ラビングした光学異方性層A上に、他の液晶性化合物B(例えば、棒状液晶性化合物)を含有する液晶組成物を塗布して、必要に応じて加熱処理を行い、液晶性化合物Bを配向させる工程
工程(6):液晶性化合物Bに対して、硬化処理を施し、光学異方性層Bを形成する工程
本発明の偏光板は、上述した本発明の光学積層体と、偏光膜とを有する偏光板である。
上記構成を有する本発明の偏光板は、上述した本発明の光学積層体がλ/4板として機能する態様(例えば、λ/4板とλ/2板とを積層してなる広帯域λ/4板)では円偏光板として機能する。
このような態様においては、本発明の偏光板(円偏光板)は、液晶表示装置、プラズマディスプレイパネル(Plasma Display Panel:PDP)、エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ(Electroluminescence Display:ELD)や陰極管表示装置(Cathode Ray Tube:CRT)のような画像表示装置の反射防止用途に好適に用いられ、表示光のコントラスト比を向上させることができる。
例えば、有機EL表示装置の光取り出し面側に本発明の円偏光板を用いた態様が挙げられる。この場合、外光は偏光膜によって直線偏光となり、次に位相差板を通過することで、円偏光となる。これが金属電極にて反射された際に円偏光状態が反転し、再び位相差板を通過した際に、入射時から90°傾いた直線偏光となり、偏光膜に到達して吸収される。結果として、外光の影響を抑制することができる。
図2(A)に示す偏光板100は、光学積層体10と、偏光膜20とを有する。
また、図2(B)に示すように、偏光板110は、光学積層体10および偏光膜20とともに、保護膜22とを有していてもよい。
更に、図2(C)に示すように、偏光板120は、位相差板10と、偏光膜20と、保護膜22と、機能層24とを有する。機能層24としては、反射防止層、防眩層、およびハードコート層からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つが挙げられる。これらは公知の層材料が使用される。なお、これらの層は、複数層が積層してもよい。
以下に、本発明の位相差板を構成する各層のうち、上述した本発明の光学積層体以外について詳述する。
本発明の偏光板が有する偏光膜(偏光子層)は、自然光を特定の直線偏光に変換する機能を有する部材であればよく、吸収型偏光子を利用することができる。
偏光膜の種類は特に制限はなく、通常用いられている偏光膜を利用することができ、例えば、ヨウ素系偏光膜、二色性染料を利用した染料系偏光膜、およびポリエン系偏光膜のいずれも用いることができる。ヨウ素系偏光膜、および染料系偏光膜は、一般に、ポリビニルアルコールにヨウ素または二色性染料を吸着させ、延伸することで作製される。
なお、偏光膜は、その両面に保護フィルムが貼合された偏光板として用いられることが一般的である。
本発明の偏光板が有していてもよい保護膜は、特に限定されず、通常用いるポリマーフィルムを用いることができる。
ポリマーフィルムを構成するポリマーとしては、具体的には、例えば、セルロース系ポリマー;ポリメチルメタクリレート、ラクトン環含有重合体等のアクリル酸エステル重合体を有するアクリル系ポリマー;熱可塑性ノルボルネン系ポリマー;ポリカーボネート系ポリマー;ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート等のポリエステル系ポリマー;ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル・スチレン共重合体(AS樹脂)等のスチレン系ポリマー;ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン・プロピレン共重合体等のポリオレフィン系ポリマー;、塩化ビニル系ポリマー;ナイロン、芳香族ポリアミド等のアミド系ポリマー;イミド系ポリマー;スルホン系ポリマー;ポリエーテルスルホン系ポリマー;ポリエーテルエーテルケトン系ポリマー;ポリフェニレンスルフィド系ポリマー;塩化ビニリデン系ポリマー;ビニルアルコール系ポリマー;ビニルブチラール系ポリマー;アリレート系ポリマー;ポリオキシメチレン系ポリマー;エポキシ系ポリマー;またはこれらのポリマーを混合したポリマーが挙げられる。
本発明の偏光板が有していてもよい機能層としては、上述した通り、例えば、反射防止層、防眩層、およびハードコート層からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つが挙げられる。これらは公知の層材料が使用される。なお、これらの層は、複数層が積層してもよい。
例えば、反射防止層は、最も単純な構成では、フィルムの最表面に低屈折率層のみを塗設した構成である。更に反射率を低下させるには、屈折率の高い高屈折率層と、屈折率の低い低屈折率層を組み合わせて反射防止層を構成することが好ましい。構成例としては、下側から順に、高屈折率層/低屈折率層の2層のものや、屈折率の異なる3層を、中屈折率層(下層よりも屈折率が高く、高屈折率層よりも屈折率の低い層)/高屈折率層/低屈折率層の順に積層されているもの等があり、更に多くの反射防止層を積層するものも提案されている。中でも、耐久性、光学特性、コストや生産性等から、ハードコート層上に、中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層の順に有することが好ましく、例えば、特開平8-122504号公報、特開平8-110401号公報、特開平10-300902号公報、特開2002-243906号公報、特開2000-111706号公報等に記載の構成が挙げられる。また、膜厚変動に対するロバスト性に優れる3層構成の反射防止フィルムは特開2008-262187号公報記載されている。上記3層構成の反射防止フィルムは、画像表示装置の表面に設置した場合、反射率の平均値を0.5%以下とすることができ、映り込みを著しく低減することができ、立体感に優れる画像を得ることができる。また、各層に他の機能を付与させてもよく、例えば、防汚性の低屈折率層、帯電防止性の高屈折率層、帯電防止性のハードコート層、防眩性のハードコート層としたもの(例、特開平10-206603号公報、特開2002-243906号公報、特開2007-264113号公報等)等が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL表示装置は、上述した本発明の光学積層体または本発明の偏光板を有する有機EL表示装置である。
図3(A)に示す有機EL表示装置は、少なくとも、有機ELパネル26と、光学積層体10と、偏光膜20とを有する。
また、図3(B)に示すように、有機EL表示装置210は、偏光膜20上にさらに保護膜22を有していてもよく、図3(C)に示すように、有機EL表示装置220は、偏光膜20上に保護膜22および機能層24を有していてもよい。
(1)セルロースアシレートフィルムの作製
(セルロースエステル溶液A-1の調製)
下記の組成物をミキシングタンクに投入し、加熱しながら攪拌して、各成分を溶解し、セルロースエステル溶液A-1を調製した。
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・セルロースアセテート(アセチル化度2.86) 100質量部
・メチレンクロライド(第1溶媒) 320質量部
・メタノール(第2溶媒) 83質量部
・1-ブタノール(第3溶媒) 3質量部
・トリフェニルフォスフェート 7.6質量部
・ビフェニルジフェニルフォスフェート 3.8質量部
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下記の組成物を分散機に投入し、攪拌して各成分を溶解し、マット剤分散液B-1を調製した。
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・シリカ粒子分散液(平均粒径16nm)
"AEROSIL R972"、日本アエロジル(株)製 10.0質量部
・メチレンクロライド 72.8質量部
・メタノール 3.9質量部
・ブタノール 0.5質量部
・セルロースエステル溶液A-1 10.3質量部
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下記の組成物を別のミキシングタンクに投入し、加熱しながら攪拌して、各成分を溶解し、紫外線吸収剤溶液C-1を調製した。
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・紫外線吸収剤(下記UV-1) 10.0質量部
・紫外線吸収剤(下記UV-2) 10.0質量部
・メチレンクロライド 55.7質量部
・メタノール 10質量部
・ブタノール 1.3質量部
・セルロースエステル溶液A-1 12.9質量部
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セルロースアシレート溶液A-1を94.6質量部、マット剤分散液B-1を1.3質量部とした混合物に、セルロースアシレート100質量部当たり、紫外線吸収剤(UV-1)および紫外線吸収剤(UV-2)がそれぞれ1.0質量部となるように、紫外線吸収剤溶液C-1を加え、加熱しながら充分に攪拌して各成分を溶解し、ドープを調製した。得られたドープを30℃に加温し、流延ギーサーを通して直径3mのドラムである鏡面ステンレス支持体上に流延した。支持体の表面温度は-5℃に設定し、塗布幅は1470mmとした。流延したドープ膜をドラム上で34℃の乾燥風を150m3/分で当てることにより乾燥させ、残留溶剤が150%の状態でドラムより剥離した。剥離の際、搬送方向(長手方向)に15%の延伸を行った。その後、フィルムの幅方向(流延方向に対して直交する方向)の両端をピンテンター(特開平4-1009号公報の図3に記載のピンテンター)で把持しながら搬送し、幅手方向には延伸処理を行わなかった。さらに、熱処理装置のロール間を搬送することによりさらに乾燥し、セルロースアシレートフィルム(T1)を製造した。作製した長尺状のセルロースアシレートフィルム(T1)の残留溶剤量は0.2%で、厚みは60μmで、550nmにおけるReとRthはそれぞれ0.8nm、40nmであった。
(アルカリ鹸化処理)
前述のセルロースアシレートフィルム(T1)を、温度60℃の誘電式加熱ロールを通過させ、フィルム表面温度を40℃に昇温した後に、フィルムのバンド面に下記に示す組成のアルカリ溶液を、バーコーターを用いて塗布量14ml/m2で塗布し、110℃に加熱した(株)ノリタケカンパニーリミテド製のスチーム式遠赤外ヒーターの下に、10秒間搬送した。続いて、同じくバーコーターを用いて、純水を3ml/m2塗布した。次いで、ファウンテンコーターによる水洗とエアナイフによる水切りを3回繰り返した後に、70℃の乾燥ゾーンに10秒間搬送して乾燥し、アルカリ鹸化処理したセルロースアシレートフィルムを作製した。
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・水酸化カリウム 4.7質量部
・水 15.8質量部
・イソプロパノール 63.7質量部
・界面活性剤SF-1:C14H29O(CH2CH2O)20H 1.0質量部
・プロピレングリコール 14.8質量部
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セルロースアシレートフィルム(T1)のアルカリ鹸化処理を行った面に、下記組成の配向膜塗布液(A)を#14のワイヤーバーで連続的に塗布した。60℃の温風で60秒、更に100℃の温風で120秒乾燥した。使用した変性ポリビニルアルコールの鹸化度は96.8%であった。
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・下記の変性ポリビニルアルコール 10質量部
・水 308質量部
・メタノール 70質量部
・イソプロパノール 29質量部
・光重合開始剤(イルガキュアー2959、チバ・ジャパン製)
0.8質量部
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上記作製した配向膜に連続的にラビング処理を施した。このとき、長尺状のフィルムの長手方向と搬送方向は平行であり、フィルム長手方向とラビングローラーの回転軸とのなす角度が75°(時計回り)とした(フィルム長手方向を90°とすると、ラビングローラーの回転軸は15°)。
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・下記のディスコティック液晶性化合物(A) 80質量部
・下記のディスコティック液晶性化合物(B) 20質量部
・エチレンオキサイド変性トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート
(V#360、大阪有機化学(株)製) 10質量部
・光重合開始剤(イルガキュアー907、チバ・ジャパン社製) 3質量部
・下記のピリジニウム塩(A) 0.9質量部
・下記のボロン酸含有化合物 0.08質量部
・下記のポリマー(A) 0.6質量部
・下記のフッ素系ポリマー(FP1)〔配向制御剤〕 0.3質量部
・メチルエチルケトン 183質量部
・シクロヘキサノン 40質量部
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上記作製した光学異方性層Aに連続的にラビング処理を施した。このとき、長尺状のフィルムの長手方向と搬送方向は平行であり、フィルム長手方向とラビングローラーの回転軸とのなす角度が-75°(反時計回り)とした(フィルム長手方向を90°とすると、ラビングローラーの回転軸は165°)。
なお、下記光学異方性層塗布液(B)で用いる下記フッ素系ポリマー(FP2)の繰り返し単位aおよびbの合計量に対する繰り返し単位a(Fパート)の比率については、下記表1に示す通りである。
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・下記の棒状液晶性化合物の混合物(A) 100質量部
・光重合開始剤(イルガキュアー907、チバ・ジャパン社製) 3質量部
・増感剤(カヤキュアーDETX、日本化薬(株)製) 1質量部
・下記のフッ素系ポリマー(FP2)〔配向制御剤〕 0.3質量部
・メチルエチルケトン 337質量部
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光学異方性層塗布液(B)の組成において、非液晶性モノマーとして、エチレンオキサイド変性トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(V#360、大阪有機化学(株)製)を5質量部配合した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学異方性層塗布液(B)の組成において、配向制御剤であるフッ素系ポリマー(FP2)を配合しなかった以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学異方性層塗布液(B)の組成において、配向制御剤であるフッ素系ポリマー(FP2)を配合せず、非液晶性モノマーとしてエチレンオキサイド変性トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(V#360、大阪有機化学(株)製)を全固形分に対して5質量%となるように配合した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学異方性層塗布液(B)の組成において、配向制御剤であるフッ素系ポリマー(FP2)の繰り返し単位a(Fパート)の比率を下記表1に示す値に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学異方性層塗布液(B)の組成において、配向制御剤であるフッ素系ポリマー(FP2)の繰り返し単位a(Fパート)の比率を下記表1に示す値に変更し、全固形分に対する添加量を下記表1に示す値に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学異方性層塗布液(B)の組成において、非液晶性モノマーとして、エチレンオキサイド変性トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(V#360、大阪有機化学(株)製)を5質量部配合した以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学異方性層塗布液(B)の組成において、配向制御剤であるフッ素系ポリマー(FP2)に代えて、下記式で表されるフッ素系ポリマー(FP3)を配合した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学異方性層塗布液(A)の組成において、配向制御剤であるフッ素系ポリマー(FP1)に代えて、上記式で表されるフッ素系ポリマー(FP2)を配合した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学積層体として、特開2004-238431号公報の[0181]~[0189]段落に記載された積層位相差板を作製した。
比較例6の光学積層体の作製に用いた光学異方性層(A)の塗布液組成において、配向制御剤として上記式で表されるフッ素系ポリマー(FP1)を全固形分に対して下記表1に示す量で配合し、光学異方性層(B)の塗布液組成において、配向制御剤として上記式で表されるフッ素系ポリマー(FP2)を全固形分に対して下記表1に示す量で配合した以外は、比較例6と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
光学異方性層(B)の塗布液組成において、非液晶性モノマーとして、エチレンオキサイド変性トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(V#360、大阪有機化学(株)製)を5質量部配合した以外は、比較例7と同様の方法で光学積層体を作製した。
作製した各光学積層体の光学異方性層Aおよび光学異方性層Bを上述した方法で剥離し、光学異方性層Aにおける光学異方性層Bと接していた側の表面(ZA表面)の表面エネルギーA、光学異方性層Bにおける光学異方性層Aに接していた側の表面(ZB裏面)の表面エネルギーB1、および、光学異方性層Bにおける光学異方性層Aに接していた側とは反対側の表面(ZB表面)の表面エネルギーB2を、上述した方法により測定した。これらの結果を下記表1に示す。
作製した光学積層体をクロスニコルに配置した2枚の偏光板の間に置き、目視にて、1m2当たりのハジキの個数をカウントする。結果を下記表1に示す。
上述した実施例および比較例で作製した光学積層体について、光学異方性層Aを形成した時点および光学異方性層Bを形成した時点のそれぞれの段階で、クロスニコルに配置した2枚の偏光板の間に置き、光学異方性層Aの表面(ZA表面)および光学異方性層Bの表面(ZB表面)の面状を観察し、以下の基準で評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。
A:ムラが視認されない。
B:わずかなムラが確認でいるが実用上問題がない。
C:ムラが明らかに視認できる。
また、表面エネルギーB2が、25mN/mより大きい比較例2、3および6の光学積層体は、いずれもハジキが数多く確認され、膜厚ムラも生じていることが分かった。
また、表面エネルギーAが30mN/m未満である比較例5の光学積層体は、ハジキが確認できることが分かった。
特に、実施例同士の対比から、光学異方性層Bにおける表面エネルギーB1と表面エネルギーB2との差が17mN/m以上である実施例2および5の光学積層体は、ハジキがより抑制され、光学異方性層Bの表面(ZB表面)の膜厚ムラもより抑制できることが分かり、実施例2と実施例5との対比から、液晶性化合物の重合性基と同じ重合性基を有する非液晶性モノマーを含有することにより、ハジキが更に抑制されることが分かった(実施例5)。
12 透明支持体
14 光学異方性層A
16 光学異方性層B
20 偏光膜
22 保護膜
24 機能膜
26 表示ELパネル
100,110,120 偏光板
200,210,220 有機EL表示装置
Claims (8)
- 光学異方性層Aと光学異方性層Bとを有する光学積層体であって、
前記光学異方性層Aおよび前記光学異方性層Bが直接接しており、
前記光学異方性層Aおよび前記光学異方性層Bのいずれか一方または両方が、液晶性化合物を含有する組成物から形成されたものであり、
前記光学異方性層Aにおける前記光学異方性層Bに接する側の表面の表面エネルギーAが、30~40mN/mであり、
前記光学異方性層Bにおける前記光学異方性層Aに接する側の表面の表面エネルギーB1が、35mN/m以上であり、
前記光学異方性層Bにおける前記光学異方性層Aに接する側とは反対側の表面の表面エネルギーB2が、25mN/m以下である、光学積層体。 - 更に透明支持体を有し、前記透明支持体、前記光学異方性層A、および、前記光学異方性層Bをこの順に有する請求項1に記載の光学積層体。
- 前記光学異方性層Bが、液晶性化合物を含有する組成物から形成されたものである、請求項2に記載の光学積層体。
- 前記光学異方性層Bが、液晶性化合物を含有する組成物から形成されたものであり、
前記液晶性化合物が、重合性基を有しており、
前記組成物が、前記液晶性化合物の重合性基と同じ重合性基を有する非液晶性モノマーを含有する、請求項2に記載の光学積層体。 - 前記重合性基がアクリロイルオキシ基またはメタクリロイルオキシ基である、請求項4に記載の光学積層体。
- 前記光学異方性層Bにおける前記表面エネルギーB1と前記表面エネルギーB2との差が、17mN/m以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の光学積層体。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の光学積層体と、偏光膜とを有する偏光板。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の光学積層体、または、請求項7に記載の偏光板を有する、有機EL表示装置。
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