TW200301374A - Polarizing plate, production method thereof and liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a polarizing plate which comprises an obliquely stretched polymer film obtained by subjecting a polymer film to an oblique stretching method capable of improving the yield in the step of punching out a polarizing plate, has excellent smoothness, can be produced simply and easily at a low cost, a production method of the polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display using the polarizing plate. A long polarizing plate of the present invention comprises a transparent protective film, a polarizing film and an optical compensating layer, in this order, and the polarizing film has the absoption axis neither in parallel nor perpendicular to the phase lag axis of the transparent support.

Description

200301374 发明 Description of the invention (The description of the invention shall state: the technical field to which the invention belongs, the prior art, the content, the embodiments and the simple description of the drawings) (1) the technical field to which the invention belongs. Polarizer. More specifically, the present invention relates to a long polarizing plate, which includes a long polarizing film and a viewing angle magnifying element which ensure high yield and excellent polarizing ability, and further includes a protective film; and also relates to a method for punching from the long polarizing plate. Polarizing plates, methods of manufacturing these polarizing plates, and liquid crystal devices using the polarizing plates. (II) Prior art background With the popularity of liquid crystal displays (hereinafter referred to as "LCD,"), the demand for polarizing plates has suddenly increased. Polarizing plates usually include a polarizing film with polarizing ability and a protective film (which It can be adhered to the two or one side surface of the polarizing film through an adhesive layer. The material used for the polarizing film te is mainly polyethylene glycol (hereinafter referred to as "PVA"). The PVA film is uniaxially pulled And then dyed with iodine or a two-color dye (or dyed and then stretched), this film is further cross-linked with boron compounds to form a polarizing film. For the protective film, cellulose triacetate is mainly used because of its thinness. Yue Wu is optically transparent and has a small birefringence. Polarizing films are usually manufactured by continuously uniaxially stretching the film in the direction of travel (longitudinal direction), so the absorption axis of the polarizing film is almost parallel to the longitudinal direction. -6-在In recent years, liquid crystal displays (hereinafter referred to as " LCD ") have been widely used to replace CRTs because this device is thin, light and consumes less power. Optical rotation mode General-purpose LCDs (such as TFT-LCD and MIM-LCD) are superior to birefringent mode or other modes in many points, but because the display color or display contrast will change depending on the viewing angle of the LCD display (viewing angle property), The nature cannot reach the level of CRT. In several patent publications, it can be seen that the technology has been developed or can improve the viewing angle property (in other words, 'expanded viewing angle'), for example, a phase difference plate (optical Compensation board) (see,) P _ A-4-2 2 9 8 2 8 (the name used in this document " JP-A "means" an unexamined Japanese patent application ")and; fP-A-4-258923), an optical compensation plate with negative birefringence and tilted optical axis (see JP-A-6-75115 and EP-A-0576304), and an orientation film surface on the carrier film An optical compensation plate obtained by coating a liquid crystal polymer (see JP-A-3-9326 and: 1? 4-3-29 1 60 1) and a substrate having liquid crystal properties and positive birefringence properties Optical compensation plate composed of polymerizable rod compounds (see j P _ A-5 -2 1 5 9 2 1). Therefore, for the actual performance of LCD, there is already a strong demand for widening the viewing angle. Under these circumstances, the inventor has disclosed an optical compensation plate, wherein the optical compensation layer has Disc type (dis C 〇 Ti C) structure, negative birefringence property and disc plane change (JP-A-8-5 0 2 0 6); and an optical compensation plate, wherein the liquid crystal compound and the alignment polymer Will be chemically bonded at the interface (JP-A-9-152509) 'It has very good viewing angle expanding ability and durability. These disclosed optical compensation plates are easy to manufacture and this is one of their advantages-2003- 200301374 ′ However, the use of polarizing plates has increased with LCDs, and thus a cheaper manufacturing method is needed. In image display devices such as cathode ray tube displays (CRTs), plasma displays (PDPs), and liquid crystal displays (hereafter " LCD "), it is common to use optical interference principles to reduce the reflection coefficient. The anti-reflection film is disposed on the outermost surface of the display in order to prevent the reduction of contrast due to reflection of external light or to prevent external images from entering due to reflection. In the LCD, considering the principle of image display, it is indispensable to use a polarizing plate, and with the recent popularity of LCDs, the demand for polarizing plates has also increased. The general structure of a polarizing plate is that the polarizing film has polarizing ability on two or one side surface of the polarizing film, and a protective film can be adhered through an adhesive layer. In LCDs, polarizing plates can be placed before and after the liquid crystal cell. Therefore, in polarizing plates (at least on the front surface edge of the display), a protective film is usually provided with two or three layers with different refractive indices. An anti-reflection film composed of a layer of SiO2, to take advantage of the difference in refractive index between layers to grant the ability to prevent reflection. In the conventional LCD, the transmission axis of the polarizing plate is arranged to be inclined at an angle of 4 5 ° with respect to the vertical or horizontal axis of the image plane. Therefore, in the stamping step, it is necessary to make the transmission axis 4 5 ° to punch the polarizing plate in the form of a roll. However, if the polarizing plate is punched in the direction of 45 °, unusable parts will be generated near the edge of the roll (especially in the case of a large-sized polarizing plate), which will reduce the yield. As a result, waste is disadvantageously increased. The polarizing plate having the optically-different direction layer also has the problem of increasing waste after being combined. In order to solve the problems described above, several methods have been proposed in which the orientation axis of the polymer constituting the thin -8-film can be inclined to present a desired angle with the film of the polarizing film in the longitudinal direction. JP-A-2 0 0 0-9 9 1 2 describes a technique in which when the plastic film is uniaxially stretched in the transverse or longitudinal direction, it is tensile-resistant in a longitudinal or transverse direction different from the stretching direction described above. To stretch the film, the stretching speeds of the right and left sides in the stretching direction are changed so that the orientation axis is inclined in the stretching direction with respect to the uniaxial direction. However, according to this method, in the case of use, for example, the tenter system must change the conveying speed on the right and left, which may cause the film to distort, wrinkle, or deviate; as a result, the desired tilt angle is hardly obtained ( 4 5 ° in a polarizer). To reduce the speed difference on the right and left, it is necessary to extend the stretching step and greatly increase the equipment cost. JP-A-3-1 8 2 7 0 1 discloses a method of manufacturing a film having a stretch axis and a film having a specific angle in the direction of progress, which uses a method of providing a plurality of lateral directions at two edges of a continuous film (long film). A pair of film holding points, each of which is a mechanical device that maintains a fixed angle with the direction of travel. When the film travels, each pair of points can stretch the film to the direction described above. In this method, because the film travels at the right and left of the film at different speeds, distortion or wrinkling will occur on the film, and in order to release this, the stretching step must be greatly extended, which will cause the problem of increased equipment costs . JP-A- 2-1 1 3 9 20 discloses a manufacturing method of stretching a film in a direction that crosses the machine direction of the film obliquely, by using a chuck arranged in two rows to clamp the film while conveying the film Hold the two edges and travel on the configured tenter track, so that the chuck can travel different distances in the predetermined travel section. In this method, ’will also produce distortion or wrinkle at the skewed stretch, which is not good for optical films. In this way, it is not possible to reduce the loss when punching a long polarizing plate while ensuring the quality of the polarizing plate (such as planar properties). In particular, in the example of the polarizing plate that adheres the optical compensation layer and the directional polarizing film described above, not only the stamping loss of the polarizing film but also the optical compensation layer is caused, which increases waste. Korean Unexamined Patent Publication P2001-005184 discloses a polarizing plate that uses a rubbing process to tilt the light transmission axis. However, as is generally known, the orientation adjusted by friction is effective only in the range of up to the nanometer portion of the film surface, and the polarizing plate such as iodine or a two-color dye cannot be oriented satisfactorily, as a result, the polarization performance is disadvantageous. difference. Even if an anti-reflection film is provided on the right, problems such as uneven color or increased dependence of the reflection coefficient on wavelength depending on the refractive index difference between the layers or between the layer and the substrate. Furthermore, in an example of an anti-reflection film containing only a hard coating layer and a low-refractive index layer, the low-refractive index layer must sufficiently reduce the refractive index (usually the refractive index is less than 1 · 3 8) in order to reduce the reflection coefficient, but An example of a fluorine compound material having a refractive index of 1.40 or less does not have a cohesive strength, and therefore there is a problem of insufficient scratch resistance when it is used as a thin film disposed on the outermost surface of a display. Similarly, because the phase lag axis of the protective film is parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizing film, the dimensional stability of the polarizing plate is poor and there will be problems of aging stability. Especially when the roll is used to adhere the polarizing plate and the antireflection film to the roll, Example of making a roll of polarizing plate with anti-reflection film and then stamping the roll -10- 74 74

In addition, not only the polarizing plate but also the antireflection film is wasted. (3) SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate which can improve the yield at the step of pressing the polarizing plate and has high performance. A further object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate with an enlarged viewing angle and which can be manufactured at a low cost; in particular, a polarizing plate with an enlarged viewing angle, which can improve the yield at the step of pressing the polarizing plate and has local performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a long polarizing plate having an anti-reflection film that can meet the required anti-reflection properties, which can increase the yield of the polarizing plate and the anti-reflection film in the step of pressing the polarizing plate, and can reduce waste. Another object of the present invention is to provide an anti-reflective film polarizing plate with anti-reflection properties that meet the requirements, which has excellent dimensional stability (especially aging stability), anti-reflection, abrasion resistance, and antifouling properties. And no color unevenness. Another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for easily manufacturing the polarizing plate described above using a skew stretch method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display having the polarizing plate. In order to achieve these objects, the present inventors have conducted a lot of research on a polarizing plate having excellent performance while having a skew orientation, and as a result, the present invention has been obtained based on the results of this research. More specifically, the present invention includes the following composition. U) — long polarizing plate, which includes a transparent protective film, a polarizing film, and an optical compensation layer in the following order, -11-200301374, wherein the optical compensation layer includes a transparent carrier and an optical anisotropic layer The layer contains a liquid crystal molecule, and the absorption axis of the polarizing film is not parallel or perpendicular to the phase backward axis of the transparent carrier. (2) The long polarizing plate as described in item (1), wherein the optical anisotropic layer is a layer having a negative birefringence property and containing a compound having a disc-type structural unit, and the disc-type structural unit The plane of the disc is inclined with respect to the plane of the transparent carrier, wherein the angle made by the plane of the disc of the disc-type structural unit and the plane of the transparent carrier will change in the thickness direction of the optical anisotropic layer. (3) The long polarizing plate as described in the item (1), wherein the optical compensation layer has an alignment film containing an alignment polymer between the transparent carrier and the optical anisotropy layer. Liquid crystal molecules are chemically bonded through the interface between the optically misaligned layer and the alignment film. (4) A polarizing plate including a transparent protective film, a polarizing film, and an optical compensation layer in the following order, wherein the optical compensation layer includes a transparent carrier and an optical anisotropic layer, and the optical anisotropic layer includes a liquid crystal Molecule, the angle made by the phase backward axis of the protective film and the absorption axis of the polarizing film is 10 ° to 90 °. (5) The polarizing plate as described in item (4), wherein the optically-different layer is a A layer having a negative birefringence property and containing a compound having a disc-type structural unit. The disc plane of the disc-type structural unit is inclined with respect to the plane of the transparent carrier. The angle made by the plane will change in the thickness direction of the optically-different layer -12-200301374 (0) (6) The polarizing plate as described in item (4), wherein the optical compensation layer is in a transparent carrier and an optically-different direction There is an alignment film containing an alignment polymer between the layers. The alignment polymer and the liquid crystal molecules of the optically different orientation layer are chemically bonded through the interface between the optically different orientation layer and the alignment film. (7) The polarizing plate as described in the item (1), which includes a low-refractive-index layer having a fluorine-containing resin, and has a refractive index of 1.38 to 1.49. (8) The polarizing plate as described in the item (1), which includes an anti-glare or light-scattering layer containing an adhesive whose refractive index is 1.57 to 2.00. (9) The polarizing plate as described in item (1), which includes an anti-reflective thin film having a low refractive index layer and an anti-glare or light scattering layer, wherein the low refractive index layer includes a fluorine-containing resin The refractive index is 1.38 to 1.49, and the anti-glare or light scattering layer includes an adhesive having a refractive index of 1.57 to 2.00. (1 0)-a method of manufacturing the polarizing plate described in any one of items (1) to (9), comprising: adhering a polarizing film or polarized light in the form of a roll in a roll-to-roll manner Plate and optical compensation layer in the form of a roll, and combining the polarizing film or polarizing plate with the optical compensation layer into a roll, wherein the optical compensation layer includes a transparent carrier and an optical anisotropic layer containing liquid crystal molecules; and The polarizing plate described in any one of items (1) to (9) is punched from the combined roll, wherein the polarizing film in the form of the roll can be manufactured by a stretch method, the method includes: -13- ^ 〇03〇1374 use a clamping device to clamp the two edges of the continuously fed polymer film; and stretch the film when the clamping device travels in the longitudinal direction of the film and applies tension to the film; When L 1 represents the track from the actual clamping starting point of the clamping device to one edge of the polymer film to the substantial clamping release point, and L 2 represents the starting point of the actual clamping from the clamping device to the other edge of the polymer film to the substantial clamping Release point When the track and W represent the distance between the two substantial clamping release points, 'LI, L2, and W satisfy the relationship represented by the following formula (1). )

I L2 -LI I > 0.4 W (1 1) The method of manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in the table (1 0), wherein the polymer film for the polarizing film is stretched to 2 to 10 times at a time, and 10% or more of volatile components are allowed to exist, and then shrinkage i0% or more. (1 2) The method of manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in item (1 0), wherein the polymer film is stretched while maintaining the supporting properties of the polymer film, and 5% or more volatile component percentage is allowed to exist And then reduce the percentage of this volatile component when shrinking. (1 3) The method of manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in any one of the items (10) to (12), wherein the polymer film for the polarizing film is a polyvinyl alcohol film. (1 4) As described in ( The method of manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in item 1 3), wherein a polarizing-1 4-200301374 plate is adsorbed to the polyvinyl alcohol film for the polarizing film before or after stretching. (1 5) The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in any one of the items (10) to (1 4), wherein the polymer film for the polarizing film is stretched by the method described in the item (10) , Then shrink to reduce the percentage of volatile components, and then attach a transparent protective film to at least one surface of the polarizing film, and then heat the adhesive film. (16) The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in any one of the items (10) to (15), wherein the polymer film for the polarizing film is stretched by the method described in the item (10) , And then shrink to reduce the percentage of volatile components, and then attach a transparent protective film to at least one side surface of the polarizing film, and further adhere an optical compensation layer to at least one side of the polarizing film to which the transparent protective film has been attached during or after the adhesion. . (17) The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in any one of the items (10) to (16), wherein the film having a low refractive index layer and an anti-glare or light scattering layer is continuously adhered to An anti-reflection film is provided on one side surface of the polarizing film, wherein the low refractive index layer includes a fluorine-containing resin and the refractive index is 1.38 to 1.49, and the anti-glare or light scattering layer includes an adhesive, and the adhesive The refractive index of the agent is 1.57 to 2. 00. (1 8) The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in any one of items (1 0) to (16), wherein a low refractive index layer and an anti-glare or light scattering film are coated on the protective film to An anti-reflection film is provided, wherein the low-refractive index layer includes a fluorine-containing resin and the refractive index is 1.38 to 1.49, the anti-glare or light scattering layer includes an adhesive, and the refractive index of the adhesive is 1 · 5 7 to -15- 200301374 2.00 ° (1 9) A long polarizing plate comprising: a polarizing film whose stretch axis is not parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; and a low refractive index layer which contains a fluorine Resin with a refractive index of 1.38 to 1.49 ° (20)-a long polarizing plate comprising: a polarizing film whose stretch axis is not parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; and an anti-glare or light containing an adhesive The scattering layer has a refractive index of 1.57 to 2.00. (2 1) — a long polarizing plate comprising: a polarizing film whose stretch axis is not parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; and an anti-reflective film comprising a low refractive index layer and an anti-glare or light scattering layer, The low-refractive index layer includes a fluorine-containing resin and the refractive index is from .38 to 1.49. The anti-glare or light-scattering layer includes an adhesive having a refractive index from .5.7 to 2.00. (2 2) A liquid crystal display having at least one piece of polarized light as described in any one of items (丨) to (3), (7) to (9), and (1 9) to (2 1) Plate, the polarizing plate described in any one of items (4) to (6), and the polarizing plate manufactured by the method described in any one of items (丨 0) to (19) Polarizer. (IV) Embodiment [Example] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to this. [Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1] < Production of polarizing film > The two surfaces of the PVA film were rinsed with ion exchanged water at a water flow rate of 2 liters / minute, and water on the surface was blown out with air to blow The foreign matter adhering to the surface is reduced to 0.5% or less. This PVA film was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 1.0 g / L of iodine and 60 · g / L of potassium iodide at 25 ° C for 90 seconds, and further immersed in 25 ° C containing 40 g / L of boric acid With 30 g / L of potassium iodide in water for 120 seconds. Subsequently, the film was introduced into a tenter drawing machine in the form shown in Fig. 3, and was stretched to a temperature of 70 ° C at a temperature of 45 ° C and 95% at one time, and then contracted to 5.3 times. The film was then 'kept at a fixed width' at 80 ° C and the film was dried and removed from the tenter. The PVA film has a water content percentage of 30% before stretching and 1.5% after drying. The elastic modulus of PVA film is 35 MPa before stretching at 40 ° C and 95%. The conveying speed difference between the right and left stenter clips is less than 0.05%. The angle made by the centerline of the introduced film and the centerline of the film conveyed to the next step is 0 °. Here, L1-L2I is 0.7 meters and W is 0.7 meters to establish the relationship of IL1-L2I. At the output of the tenter, no buckling and deformation of the film were observed. < Adhesive transparent protective film > On both surfaces of the film, an aqueous solution containing 3% PVA (PVA-117H, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) and 4% potassium iodide was used as an adhesive Agent to adhere to saponified Fujitak (cellulose triacetate, block 値: 3.0 nm) manufactured by Fujikko Film Co., Ltd. '-17- 200301374 heat the bonding film at 60 ° C for 30 minutes To obtain a polarizing film with a transparent protective film, its effective width is 650 mm. Good adhesion. The absorption axis of the obtained polarizing film with a transparent protective film was inclined at an angle of 45 ° from the longitudinal direction, and was inclined at an angle of 45 ° from the phase lag axis of Fujitaq. This polarizing film has a transmittance of 41.3% at 5500 nm and a degree of polarization of 99.60% °. Furthermore, the polarizing film was cut into a size of 3 1 0 x 23 3 mm as shown in Figure 2. As a result, the A polarizing film having an absorption axis inclined at 45 ° to the side can obtain an area efficiency of 9 1 · 5%. No colorless spots and streaks were observed on the eyes < Production of optical compensation layer > (Formation of orientation film) Fujitak (cellulose triacetate) manufactured by Fujikko Film Co., Ltd. was fixed on a coating bed as a transparent carrier Using a bar coater, apply the following coating solution containing polyvinyl alcohol shown in Table 1 on a bar coater, and heat-dry at 80 ° C for 10 minutes to form a polymer layer with a thickness of 0.8 micrometers (at Thereafter, "parts" means "parts by weight"). Composition of the coating solution: Polyvinyl alcohol shown in Table 1 1.0 parts water 18 parts parts methanol under the following conditions with the vertical conveyance direction Surface of the polymer layer obtained by rubbing at an inclined angle of 45 °. The outer diameter of the friction roller is 80 mm, the glass substrate 200301374 glass substrate conveying speed is 100 m / min, the number of revolutions of the friction roller is 1,000 rpm, and the substrate is conveyed. The tension is 9.8 Newtons / cm-the width of the substrate, so it can form a film with a certain orientation. (Formation of a discotic liquid crystal compound layer (optical anisotropic layer)) After rubbing, use it on the alignment film of this glass substrate. A spin coater coats 10% by weight of 1,2,1,2,2,1 ", 2 'di [4,5-one Phenylphenoxy) methyl ethyl ketone solution of phenylene (TP-3 compound described in paragraph 0133 of JP-A-9-152509) 'dried' to form a discotic liquid crystal compound layer (optical isomeric Orientation layer). (Orientation evaluation of the discotic liquid crystal compound layer) When heating in a hot state, a transparent support (model FP82, manufactured by Mettler) has been provided with a certain direction film and an optically different orientation layer, using a polarizing microscope ( OPTIPHOT-POL, manufactured by Kogaku KK, Japan) Observe the orientation state of the optical anisotropy layer. The optical anisotropy layer obtained in Examples 1 to 4 is even when observed in the crossed Nicols state The bright anisotropy reveals that it has optical anisotropy. The observation results of those optically anisotropic layers are shown in Table 1. [Table 1] Table 1 Example polymer orientation Example 1 P-1 uniform orientation Example 2 P-2 uniform orientation Example 3 P-3 Uniform Orientation Example 4 P-4 Uniform Orientation Comparative Example 1 _MP- 203 ( Manufactured by Kecha Zhiduo Co., Ltd.) Remaining schlieren structures — 19- 200301374 Polymer compounds used P-1, P-2, P-3, and P-4 each have the structure shown below, and their synthesis The method is described in paragraphs 0101 to 0110 of JP-A-9-1 5 2 5 0 9. The comparative polymer MP-2 03 is a commercially available polymer modified with methacrylic acid. Vinyl alcohol (substitution ratio: 1.7 mole%).

-20- 200301374

(p -1) (• CHoCh) · I OH

(P-2, P-3) — {-ch2ch} ^ OH x = 86.3, y = 1.7, z = 12 (mole%) — (-ch2ch) — z 〇 = c——〇I ch3 〇 (ch2 ) 4〇c〇ch = ch2 P-2: x = 87.8, y = 0.2, z = 12 (mol%) P-3: x: z87.2, y = 0.8, z = 12 (mol%) 〇I c = 〇

-21- 200301374 (P 1 4)

—J-CH2CH) ^ —-(-CH2 ~ 〇H

{ch2ch}-CHp-〇 \ / CH 〇

χ = 87 · 2 ′ y = 0.8, z = 12 (mole%), n = 4, R = H < Production of polarizing film >

On the surface of the skew stretched film to which the transparent protective film has been attached, on the opposite side of the transparent protective film, an optical compensation layer obtained by stacking a transparent carrier, a polarizing film, and an optically-different layer is stacked so that the The surface of the side of the transparent carrier was in contact with the skewed stretched polarizing film, and each 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and triacetamyl cellulose in an acetone-methanol (50.50) mixed solution were used for bonding. To obtain the polarizing film of the present invention. < Results > As a result, the polarizing film of the present invention produced as described above was skew-drawn by the method shown in Fig. 3, and the polarized film had an edge-to-edge ratio of 45. A polarizing plate with an inclined absorption axis can obtain an area efficiency of 91.5%, and the polarizing plate has an enlarged viewing angle function and uniform orientation. [Examples 5 to 8] < Production of polarizing film > Rinse the PVA film with ion-exchanged water at a water flow rate of 2 liters / minute. Table 2-22-200301374 The water on the surface is blown out with air to reduce the foreign matter adhered to the surface to 0.5% or less. This pv A film was then immersed in an aqueous solution containing 1.0 g / L of iodine and 120 g / L potassium iodide at 40 ° C for 90 seconds, and further immersed in 40 ° C containing 40 g / L In an aqueous solution of boric acid and 30 g / L potassium iodide for 60 seconds. Then "the film is introduced into a tenter drawing machine in the form of Fig. 4 and stretched to 4.5 times" and then the tenter is bent with respect to the drawing direction as shown in Fig. 4. After that ‘keep the film in a fixed width and shrink, dry the film at 80 ° C’ and remove it from the tenter. < Adhesive transparent protective film > A 3 cm edge was cut with a cutter in the orthogonal direction of the skewed stretched polarized film obtained above, and 3% of PVA (PVA-117H, made by carat (Manufactured by Lei Co., Ltd.) and 4% potassium iodide in water as an adhesive to adhere to the saponified Fujitak (cellulose triacetate) manufactured by Fujikko Film Co., Ltd. Then, the bonding film was heated at 60 ° C for 30 minutes to obtain a polarizing film having an effective width of 650 mm and a cellulose triacetate protective film on its two surfaces. The PVA film had a water content percentage of 32% before stretching and 1.5% after drying. The conveying speed difference between the right and left stenter clips is less than 0.05%, and the angle made by the centerline of the introduced film and the centerline of the film conveyed to the next step is 46 °. Here, the relationship between L1-L2I is 0.7 meters and W is 0.7 meters, and the relationship of L1-L2 is established. In the tenter output, the substantial stretching direction Ax-Cx and the film centerline 22 conveyed to the next step are inclined at 45 °. No wrinkling and deformation of the film was observed at the tenter output. -23- 200301374 The direction of the absorption axis of the obtained polarizing film was inclined at 45 ° from the longitudinal direction. This polarizing film has a transmittance of 42.3% at 550 nm and a degree of polarization of 99.97%. Furthermore, the polarizing film was cut into a size of 310x233 mm as shown in Fig. 2. As a result, the polarizing film having an absorption axis inclined at 45 ° from the side can obtain an area efficiency of 91.5%. No colorless spots or streaks were observed in the eyes. < Manufacturing of optical compensation layer > (Orientation film formation) A Fujitak (cellulose triacetate) manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. was fixed on a coating bed as a transparent carrier, and a rod coater was used at A coating solution containing four kinds of polyvinyl alcohols used in Examples 1 to 4 was coated thereon, and dried by heating at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a polymer layer having a thickness of 0.8 μm (hereinafter, "Part" means "part by weight"). The surface of the polymer layer obtained was rubbed at an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal conveying direction under the following conditions: the outer diameter of the friction roller was 80 mm, and the glass substrate was conveyed The speed is 100 meters / minute, the rotation speed of the friction roller is 1,000 rpm, and the substrate conveying tension is 9.8 Newtons / cm-substrate width, so a certain direction film is formed. (Formation of a discotic liquid crystal compound layer (optical anisotropic layer) ) After rubbing the alignment film of the glass substrate, use a spin coater to apply the coating solution for the discotic liquid crystal compound layer with the following composition at 3,000 rpm, and dry to form a disc Liquid crystal compound layer (optical anisotropic layer). -24- 200301374 Composition of coating solution: Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB5 31, manufactured by Eastman Chemical (12 parts of Chem i ca 1)) Disc Type liquid crystal compound (same as the compounds of Examples 1 to 4, in other words 100 parts, TP-3) Tripropylene glycol diacrylate (SR306, manufactured by Somar) Photopolymerization reaction initiator (Ogachure (Irgacure) 907, manufactured by Ciba Geigy 2 parts in Japan West Japan 400 parts methyl ethyl ketone Pass the film with this coating layer through a heating area at 1 40 ° C for more than 2 minutes, and then UV The coating layer is irradiated with light to harden, so a thin layer (optical anisotropic layer, thickness: 2 micrometers) in which the alignment state of the aligned discotic liquid crystal compound is fixed is formed. (Orientation evaluation of the discotic liquid crystal compound layer) When When heating in a hot state, a transparent support (model FP82, manufactured by Metler) has been provided with a certain direction film and an optically-different layer on top, using a polarizing microscope (OPTIPHOT-POL, Kogaku KK, Japan) Manufacturing The orientation state of the optically anisotropic layer. The optically anisotropic layer obtained in Examples 5 to 8 was bright even when viewed in a crossed Nicols state, and revealed to have optical anisotropy. Those optically anisotropic layers The observation results of the layer are not shown in Table 2. -25-2 卯 301374 Table 2 Example polymer layer orientation example 5 P-1 uniform orientation example 6 P-2 uniform orientation example 7 P-3 uniform orientation example 8 P-4 uniform Orientation < Manufacturing of polarizing plate > On the skewed stretched film surface to which the transparent protective film is adhered, on the opposite side of the transparent protective film, it will be obtained by stacking a transparent carrier, a polarizing film, and an optical anisotropic layer. The optical compensation layer in the form of a roll is stacked so that the stretching direction of the polarizing film matches the friction direction of the optical compensation layer, using 3% PVA (PVA-1 17H, manufactured by Claret Co., Ltd.) and 4 The potassium iodide aqueous solution was bonded in a roll-to-roll manner to obtain a roll-shaped polarizing plate of the present invention. < Results > The polarizing plate of the present invention manufactured as described above was cut into a size of 3 1 0 X 2 3 3 mm as shown in FIG. 2. As a result, the polarizing film having an absorption axis inclined at an angle of 45 ° from the side was obtained. Area efficiency of 9 1 · 5% can be obtained. [Comparative Example 2] The two surfaces of the PVA film were rinsed with ion-exchanged water at a water flow rate of 2 liters / minute, and the water on the surface was blown out with air to reduce foreign substances adhering to the surface to 0.5% or less. This PVA film was then immersed in 40 t of an aqueous solution containing 1.0 g / l of iodine and 120.0 g / l of potassium iodide for 90 seconds, and further immersed in 40 C containing 40 g / l of boric acid and 30 g / L of potassium iodide in water for 60 seconds, and then dried at 60 ° C for 10 minutes. The percentage of water in the PV A film is 1%. Subsequently, the PVA film was introduced into a tenter drawing machine in the form of FIG. 4 and stretched to 4.5 times, and then the tenter was bent in the drawing direction as shown in FIG. 4. After that, the film was kept at a fixed width and shrinkage, and the film was dried at 80 ° C and removed from the tenter. Wrinkles remain on the entire surface of the film, and a polarizing film having a rough surface can be obtained. On both surfaces of this film, a transparent protective film was provided in the same manner as in Examples 5 to 8 to obtain a polarizing film containing a transparent protective film. This polarizing film containing a transparent protective film and the optical compensation layer manufactured in Example 5 were adhered in the same manner as in Example 5 to produce a polarizing film of Comparative Example 2. In the obtained polarizing plate with a function of widening the viewing angle, the polarizing film has wrinkles, and therefore, it is poorly adhered to the protective film. As a result, the optical compensation layer has poor flatness and is severe in an enlarged viewing angle range. The ground is not terrible. [Example 9] A polarizing film containing a transparent protective film manufactured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 and an optical compensation layer having a viewing angle widening function manufactured by the following method were adhered in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4. Prepare a polarizing plate. On a 120-micron-thick triethylfluorinated cellulose film (manufactured by Fuji Kuang Film Co., Ltd.) on which a gelatin film (0.1 micron) has been provided, a linear alkyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol (MP20 3, manufactured by Claret Co., Ltd., described above), dried with hot air at 80 ° C, and then subjected to rubbing treatment to form a certain direction film. This orientation state is described below by referring to FIG. 12 and is an explanatory diagram of the spatial axis direction in the film. Assuming that the principal refractive indices in the plate are nx and ny, the refractive index in the thickness direction is nz, and the thickness is d, the 丨 nx_ny 丨 X (1 and {(nx + ny)) of the triethylfluorinated cellulose film can be determined / 2-nz} xd. By measuring the thickness with a micrometer and using a polarized light ellipsometer (AEP-100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) to measure Re from different directions, you can measure those 丨 nx-ny | xd And {(nx + ny) / 2-nz} xd. Lnx-ny | xd of triethylfluorene cellulose film is 3 nm and {(nx + ny) / 2-nz} xd is 60 nm. In addition The triethylfluorinated cellulose film is almost negative uniaxial and the optical axis is performed almost in the vertical direction of the film. On this oriented film, a wire rod (# 4 rod type) is applied to coat the film by applying 1.6 G of the liquid crystal-like disc-type compound 1,2,1,2,2,1 ", 2 ,,-tri [4, 5-bis (vinylcarbonyloxybutoxyphenylfluorenyloxy) benzene benzene described above Group (compound TE-8 (8, m-2) described in paragraph 0044 of JP-A-8-50206), 0.4 g of phenoxydiethylene glycol acrylate (M101, by Togo Goki Chemical Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co. , Ltd.), 0.05 g of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB531-1, manufactured by Eastman Chemical), and 0.1 g of photopolymerization initiator (Ogachur 9 0 7. A coating solution obtained by Sibaguizi) dissolved in 3.65 g of methyl ethyl ketone. Then, the film was adhered and thus fixed to a metal frame in a high temperature tank at 120 ° C Heating for 3 minutes to orient the disc-type compound, allowing cooling to room temperature, so a disc-type compound layer (optical anisotropy layer) containing 1.8 micrometers thick was formed. Therefore, the optical -28-200301374 Optical compensation layer of orientation layer. The optical anisotropy layer obtained according to the present invention was cut along the depth in the rubbing direction using a microtome to obtain a very thin film (sample). This sample was held The dyeing was performed for 48 hours in the 〇 〇 04 environment. The produced dyed film was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to obtain a photomicrograph. In the dyed film, the circle Acrylic radicals of disc compounds are dyed In the photo, the image can be observed. From this photo, it can be seen that the optical anisotropic layer of the disc-type compound is inclined to the surface of the transparent carrier. When the distance in the depth direction from the bottom of the optical anisotropic layer increases, the inclination angle is Continuously increase in the range of 5 to 65 °. [Example 10] The two surfaces of the PVA film were rinsed with ion-exchanged water at a water flow rate of 2 liters / minute, and the water on the surface was blown out with air to adhere the surface Foreign substances are reduced to 0.5% or less. This PVA film was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 1.0 g / L of iodine and 60. 0 g / L of potassium iodide at 25 ° C for 90 seconds, and further immersed in 25 ° C containing 40 g / L of boric acid and 3 0 g / L potassium iodide in water for 120 seconds. Subsequently, the film was introduced into a tenter stretching machine in the form of Fig. 3. After being stretched to 7.0 times at 40 ° C and 9 5%, it was shrunk to 5.3 times. After that, maintaining the fixed width, the film was dried at 60 t and removed from the tenter. The PVA film had a water content of 30% before stretching and 1.5% after drying. The conveying speed difference between the right and left stenter clips is less than 0.05%, and the angle made by the introduction of the film centerline and the film centerline conveyed to the next step is 0 °. Here, 丨 L1-L2 丨 is 0.7 meters, and W is 0.7 meters. The relationship of 丨 L1--29-200301374 L2 丨 = W is established. No wrinkles and deformation of the film were observed at the tenter output. The stretch axis of the obtained polarizing plate A was inclined at 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction. Using a bar coater, each of the following coating solutions for the hard coating layer was applied to Fujitak (cellulose triacetate, blocking 値: 3.0 nm) manufactured by Fujitsu Film Co., Ltd., Dry at 120 ° C using a 160 W / cm air-cooled metal halide lamp (manufactured by I-Graphics K.K.) with a brightness of 400 mW / cm2 and a dose of 300 mJ / cm2 It is hardened by irradiation with ultraviolet rays to form a hard coating layer with a thickness of 4 micrometers. Using a rod coater and the same conditions as described above for the hard coating, the following coating solution for anti-glare or light-scattering film was coated on it, dried and hardened with ultraviolet light to form a thickness of about 1.5 microns Anti-glare or light-scattering film. A bar coater was further used to coat the following coatings for the low refractive index layer, dried at 80 ° C and thermally crosslinked at 12CTC for 10 minutes to form a low refractive index layer having a thickness of 0.096 m. Therefore, an anti-glare anti-reflection film B composed of a hard coating layer, an anti-glare or light-scattering film, and a low refractive index layer can be manufactured. (Coating solution for preparing anti-glare layer) In a mixed solvent containing 104.1 g of cyclohexanone and 61.3 g of methyl ethyl ketone, 21.7 g of zirconia (particle size : About 30 nanometers) dispersion coating solution (KZ-7 886A, trade name, manufactured by JSR) of the dispersion, while stirring with an air device. Incidentally, a coating film obtained by coating this solution and hardening with ultraviolet light has a refractive index of 1.6. 5 grams of cross-linked polystyrene particles (SX-2 00H, trade name, manufactured by Soken Kagaku KK) with a particle size of 2 microns were added to this solution, and dispersed by stirring at -30- 200301374 5,000 Or pm with a high-speed device, The resulting dispersion was filtered through a filter made of polypropylene with a hole size of 30 microns to prepare a coating solution for an anti-glare or light-scattering film. (Coating solution for hard coating layer) 250 g of a mixture of diisopentaerythritol pentaacrylate and diisopentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA, manufactured by Kayaku KK, Japan) was dissolved in Methyl ethyl ketone / cyclohexanone (= 50/50 by weight%) in a mixed solvent. By dissolving 7.5 grams of a photopolymerization initiator (Ogachur 907, manufactured by Sibaguizi) and 5.0 grams of a photosensitizer (Kayacure DETX, manufactured by Kayako KK, Japan) in A solution prepared in 49 g of methyl ethyl ketone was added to the obtained solution. Incidentally, the coating film obtained by coating the resulting solution and curing with ultraviolet light has a refractive index of 1.53. This solution was filtered through a filter made of polypropylene having a hole size of 30 m to prepare a coating solution for a hard coating layer. (Coating solution for preparing a low refractive index layer) To 200 g of a thermally crosslinked fluoropolymer (] N-7221, manufactured by J SR) having a refractive index of 1.46, 200 g of methyl isobutyl ketone was added And stir. The obtained solution was filtered through a filter made of polypropylene with a pore size of 1 m to prepare a coating solution for a low refractive index layer. When the polarizing plate A and the anti-glare anti-reflection film B are travelling in a longitudinal direction, a 3% PVA (PVA-117H, manufactured by Claret Co., Ltd.) aqueous solution is used as an adhesive to adhere these and dried at 80 ° C, A polarizing plate having an anti-reflection film and an effective width of 650 mm was obtained. As shown in Figure 2, this polarizer is cut to a size of 3 1 0 X 2 3 3 mm. As a result, the result is -3001200301374. An area efficiency of 91.5% and an absorption axis inclined at 45 ° to the side can be obtained. Of polarizing plate. A spectrophotometer (manufactured by Bunko K.K.) was used on the surface of the obtained polarizing plate having an antireflection film at 5 °. The spectral reflection coefficient was measured at an angle of incidence of about 550 nm, and the average reflection coefficient in the range of 450 to 650 nm was measured. The actual measured radon was 1.7%. To evaluate the anti-glare property, an uncovered fluorescent lamp (8,000 candelas per square meter) without a hood was reflected on the same surface and the reflection image was observed. As a result, the shape of the fluorescent lamp could not be identified. In order to evaluate the abrasion resistance, the pencil hardness evaluation method described in JIS K5 4 00 was performed on the surface having the antireflection film, and as a result, the pencil hardness was 3H. In order to evaluate the antifouling property, the polarizing plate was subjected to humidity conditioning at 25 t and 60% RH for 2 hours and its contact angle with water was evaluated. As a result, the contact angle was 103 °. Furthermore, after adjusting the humidity under the same conditions, a dynamic friction measuring machine HEID0N-14 (trade name) was used to measure the dynamic friction coefficient at a rate of 60 cm / min under a load of 100 g using a stainless steel ball with a diameter of 5 μm. 0. 0 8. [Example 1 1] The two surfaces of the ρνΑ film were washed with ion-exchanged water at a water flow rate of 2 liters / minute, and the water on the surface was blown out with air to reduce the foreign matter adhered to the surface to 0.5% or less. . This PVA film was immersed in an aqueous solution of 4 (TC containing 1.0 g / L of iodine and 120.0 g / L of potassium iodide for 90 seconds, and further immersed at 40 ° C containing 40 g / L of boric acid and 30 g / L Liter of potassium iodide-32- 200301374 in aqueous solution for 60 seconds. Subsequently, the film was introduced into a tenter stretching machine in the form of FIG. 4 and stretched to 4.5 times. The tenter was shown in FIG. 4 Bend in the stretch direction of the display. After that, maintain a fixed width and shrink, dry the film at 80 ° C and remove it from the tenter. When the film travels, use a cutter to cut in the orthogonal direction 3 cm edge, using 3% aqueous PVA (PVA-117H, manufactured by Claret Co., Ltd.) as the adhesive 'saponified Fujitak (cellulose triacetate, blocking値: 3.0 nanometers, with the stretch axis parallel to the longitudinal direction) adhere to one surface, while using the same 3% PVA aqueous solution as an adhesive, the anti-glare anti-reflection film B prepared in Example 10 will adhere to the other surface. The resulting layered flakes were heated at 60 ° C for 30 minutes to obtain a Effective polarizing plate with a width of 650 mm. Because the surface is smooth, the film has been satisfactorily adhered. The water content of the PVA film is 32% before beginning stretching and 1.5% after drying. Right and left stenter The difference between the conveying speeds is less than 0.05%, and the angle made by the introduced film centerline and the film centerline conveyed to the next step is 46 °. Here, IL1-L2I is 0.7 meters and W is 0.7 And the relationship of IL1-L2I = W is established. The substantial stretching direction Ax-Cx at the output of the tenter is inclined at 45 ° with the film centerline 22 conveyed to the next step. Wrinkling and deformation of the film were observed. The direction of the absorption axis of the obtained polarizer was inclined at 45 ° from the longitudinal direction, and it was inclined at 45 ° from the phase lag axis of Fuji Tower. The polarizer was at 50 nm The transmittance is 41.3% and the degree of polarization is 9 9.60%. In a dry humidity fixed oven (D63) -33- 200301374, manufactured by Yamato Kagaku Sha, it is treated at 40 ° C and 30% relative humidity. After the obtained polarizing plate was measured for 100 hours, the shrinkage percentage was measured. As a result, the shrinkage percentage was 2% or Similarly, the polarizing plate was placed on a flat surface, and whether there was bending was observed by the eyes. The bending was hardly observed and the dimensional stability after aging was also good. Similar to the polarizing plate of Example 10, the anti- The reflection performance (such as the reflection coefficient) is excellent. The polarizing plate was cut into a size of 3 1 0 X 2 3 3 mm as shown in Fig. 2. As a result, an anti-reflection film having an area efficiency of 91.5% and A polarizing plate having an absorption axis inclined at 45 ° to the side. The waste of anti-reflection film and polarizing film is as low as 8.5%. [Example 1 2] The iodine-type polarizing films 94 and 94 'prepared in Example 11 were used as two polarizing plates with a liquid crystal cell 97 for LCD interposed therebetween. As shown in Fig. 15, the polarizing film 94 is configured as a polarizing plate on the side of the display, and is attached to the liquid crystal cell 97 via an adhesive to manufacture an LCD. In the polarizing film 94, an anti-reflection film 91 is further provided. Therefore, the manufactured LCD has excellent brightness and viewing angle properties, high contrast (because there is no external light reflection), and good field of view, while the reflected image is stopped by anti-glare performance, and even used at 4 (TC and 30% RH for one month) After that, the level of the display does not decline. (Measurement of transmittance and degree of polarization at 550 nm) The transmittance can be measured using the Shimadzu UV2 1 00 automatic recording spectrometer. Furthermore, the transmittance can be measured from the transmittance Η 0 ( %) (When the absorption axes of the two polarizing plates stacked match) -34- 2ϋ03〇ΐ374 and transmittance Η 1 (%) (when the absorption axes are orthogonal), the degree of polarization is determined by the following formula Ρ (%): P = [(HO -HI) / (Η0 + Η1)] 1 / 2χ 1 〇〇 (Measurement of retardation) Use at 6 3 2 · 8 nm. Measured by KOBRA21DH manufactured by Test Instruments). [Examples 1 3 to 2 4] < Manufacturing of polarizing film > The two surfaces of the PVA film were immersed in ion-exchanged water for 60 seconds, and the water on the surface was removed with stainless steel blades to reduce the foreign matter adhering to the surface to 0.5% or less. less. This PVA film was immersed in an aqueous solution containing K0 g / L of iodine and 120.0 g / L of potassium iodide at 40 ° C for 65 seconds, and further immersed in 40 ° C containing 42.5 g / L of boric acid and 30 g / L of Potassium iodide in water for 90 seconds. Subsequently, the film was introduced into a tenter stretching machine in the form of FIG. 4 and stretched to 4.5 times. Then, the tenter is bent in the drawing direction as shown in FIG. 4. After that, the film was kept at a constant width and the film was shrunk. The film was dried at 70 ° C and then removed from the tenter. The water content percentage of the PVA film was 32% before stretching and 4.6% after drying. The difference in the conveying speed between the right and left stenter clips is less than 0.05%. The angle made by the imported film centerline and the film centerline conveyed to the next step is 46%. IL1-L2I is 0.7 meters, W A relationship of IL 1- L2 丨 = W is established for 0.7 meters. At the tenter output, the substantial stretching direction Ax-Cx and the film centerline 22 conveyed to the next dummy step are inclined at 45 °. No wrinkling and deformation of the film was observed at the tenter output. -35- 200301374 < Preparation of anti-glare anti-reflective film > Using a bar coater, apply the following to Fujitak (cellulose triacetate, blocking 値: 3.0 nm) manufactured by Fujikko Film Co., Ltd. Coating solution for hard coating, dried at 120 ° C, using a 160 W / cm air-cooled metal halide lamp (manufactured by I-Graphics KK) at a brightness of 400 mW / cm2 and a dose of 300 m Joules per square centimeter of ultraviolet light hardens to form a hard coating layer with a thickness of 4 microns. Apply the following coating solutions (a), (b), and (c) for each anti-glare or anti-reflection layer using a bar coater and the same conditions as for the hard coating layer described above, dry and It is hardened with ultraviolet light to form an anti-glare or light scattering film with a thickness of about 1.5 microns. Use a bar coater to further coat the following coating solution for the low refractive index layer, dry at 80 ° C and thermally crosslink at 10 ° C for 10 minutes to form a thickness of 0 · 0 9 6 Low-refractive-index layer in micrometers. Therefore, an anti-reflective film having a hard coating layer, an anti-glare or light-scattering film, and a low-refractive-index layer can be manufactured. (Coating solution (a) for anti-glare or anti-reflection layer) in In a mixed solvent of 4 3 9 g of methyl ethyl ketone / cyclohexanone (= 50/50% by weight), 125 g of a mixture of diisopentaerythritol pentaacrylate and diisopentaerythritol hexaacrylate was dissolved. (Trade name: DPHA, manufactured by Kayako KK, Japan) and 125 g of bis (4-methacrylfluorenylthienyl) sulfide (trade name: MPSMA 'manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemical Co., Ltd.). To obtain a solution , Add by adding 5.0 grams of a photopolymerization initiator (trade name: Ongachur 907, manufactured by Sibaguizi) and 3.0 grams of photosensitizer (trade name · Kayacure DETX, manufactured by Japan Card Made by Yaku κ · Κ ·) dissolved in -36-2 2301301374 49 g of methyl ethyl ketone Incidentally, a coating film obtained by coating the resulting solution and curing with ultraviolet light has a refractive index of 1.60. Further, 10 g of crosslinked polystyrene particles having an average particle size of 2 microns (trade name: SX-200H, manufactured by Soken Kagaku KK) to this solution, stirred and dispersed for 1 hour at 5,000 rpm with a high-speed device, and then filtered the resulting dispersion through polypropylene to obtain a hole size of 30 mm Filter to prepare a coating solution for an anti-glare or light-scattering film. (The coating solution for an anti-glare or anti-reflection layer (b)) will contain 2 1 7 · 0 g of hafnium oxide (particle size ·· (Approximately 30 nanometers) A hard coating solution (trade name: KZ-7886A, manufactured by JSR Corporation (limited)) of the dispersion was added to a solution containing 104.1 g of cyclohexanone and 61.3 g of methyl ethyl ketone. The solvents were mixed while stirring with an air device. Incidentally, a coating film obtained by coating this solution and curing with ultraviolet rays had a refractive index of 1.6. 5 g of crosslinked polybenzene having an average particle size of 2 microns was further added. Ethylene particles (SX- 200H, manufactured by Soken Kagaku KK) to this solution, stirred and dispersed at 5,000 r pm for 1 hour in a high-speed device, and then filtered the resulting dispersion through a filter made of polypropylene with a pore size of 30 μm To prepare a coating solution for an anti-glare or light-scattering film (the coating solution (C) for an anti-glare or anti-reflection layer). A dispersion containing 217.0 g of an oxidation pin (particle size, about 30 nm) was prepared. Hard coating solution (trade name: KZ- 7 9 9 1, manufactured by: JSR Corporation (limited) company) was added to a solution containing 104.1 g of cyclohexanone and 61.3 g of methyl ethyl-37- 200301374 ketone. The mixed solvent 'was simultaneously stirred with an air device. Incidentally, the coating film obtained by applying this solution and curing with ultraviolet light has a refractive index of 1.70. 5 g of cross-linked polystyrene particles (trade name: SX-200H, manufactured by Soken Kagaku KK) with an average particle size of 2 μm were further added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred and dispersed at 5,000 r pm for 1 hour using a high-speed device, and then The resulting dispersion was filtered through a filter made of polypropylene having a hole size of 30 μm to prepare a coating solution for an anti-glare or light-scattering film (coating solution for a hard coating layer) at 439. Grams of methyl ethyl ketone / cyclohexanone (= 50/50% by weight) in a mixed solvent 'dissolving 2.50 grams of a mixture of diisopentaerythritol pentaacrylate and diisopentaerythritol hexaacrylate (trade name : DPHA, manufactured by Kayako KK, Japan). In order to obtain a solution, 7.5 g of a photopolymerization initiator (trade name: Ongachur 907, manufactured by Sibaguizi) and 5.0 g of a photosensitizer (trade name: kayacure DETX) were added. , Manufactured by Kayako KK, Japan) dissolved in 49 g of methyl ethyl ketone to prepare a solution. Incidentally, a coating film obtained by coating the resulting solution and hardening with ultraviolet light has a refractive index of 1.53. Furthermore, this solution was filtered through a filter made of polypropylene having a hole size of 30 m to prepare a coating solution for a hard coating layer. (Coating solution for preparing a low refractive index layer) 200 g of methyl isobutyl ketone was added to 200 g of a thermally crosslinkable fluoropolymer having a refractive index of 1.46 (trade name: JN- 7 2 2 1. Manufactured by JSR Co., Ltd.) and stirred. Then, the resulting solution was filtered through a filter made of -3 8-200301374 polypropylene having a pore size of 1 µm to prepare a coating solution for a low refractive index layer. < Manufacturing of optical compensation layer > (Formation of orientation film) Fujitak (cellulose triacetate) manufactured by Fujitsu Film Co., Ltd. was fixed to a coating bed as a transparent carrier, and τ was applied using a rod coater. The column contains the coating solution of the polyvinyl alcohol shown in Table 3 coated thereon 'and dried by heating at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a polymer layer having a thickness of 0.8 μm (hereinafter, “parts” " means π parts by weight π). Composition of coating solution: Polyvinyl alcohol 1.0 · part water 18 · 0 part methanol 6.0 part shown in Table 3 The obtained polymer was rubbed in a direction inclined at an angle of 45 ° from the longitudinal conveyance direction under the following conditions Layer surface: The outer diameter of the friction roller is 80 mm, the glass substrate conveying speed is 100 meters / minute, the number of revolutions of the friction roller is 1,000 r pm, and the substrate conveying tension is 9.8 Newtons / cm-substrate width.向 膜。 To the film. (Formation of discotic liquid crystal compound layer (optical anisotropic layer)) On the alignment film of the glass substrate after the rubbing treatment, a spin coater was applied at 3,000 0 ·· ππ to 10% by weight 1,2,1 ', 2', 1 π, 2 " -tris [4,5-bis (vinyloxycarbonylethoxyphenoxy) phenylene methyl ethyl ketone solution (described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1 5 2 5 0 9/1 9 9 7 Example of the chemical compound 200301374 TP-3 in the 0 1 3 3 stage), and dried to form a discotic liquid crystal compound layer (optical anisotropic layer). (Orientation evaluation of the discotic liquid crystal compound layer) When the transparent carrier (model FP82, manufactured by Mettler), which has been provided with a certain direction film and an optically-different orientation layer, is heated under heat, using a polarization microscope (OPTIPHOT- POL, manufactured by Kogaku KK, Japan) observed the orientation state of the optically anisotropic layer. The obtained optically anisotropic layer was bright even when observed in a crossed Nicols prism state, and revealed to have optical anisotropy. The observation results of those optically-different layers are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Polymer orientation P-1 uniform orientation P-2 uniform orientation P-3 uniform orientation P-4 uniform orientation MP-203 (made by Claret Co., Ltd.) --- ------ —-—---- Remaining schlieren structure. The polymer compounds P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4 and the comparative polymer MP-20 3 used were the same as the polymer compounds mentioned above. < Production of Polarizing Films > When each of the above-mentioned polarizing films and each anti-reflective film (shown in Table 4) were run in the vertical direction, and a 3% PVA aqueous solution (PVA-1 17H, by Claret Co., Ltd.) when laminated as an adhesive, the surface on the opposite side ± and the roll form obtained by stacking the optically different direction layer 40_ 200301374 on the side of the transparent carrier of the optical compensation layer Stacked so that the stretching direction of the polarizing film matches the rubbing direction of the optical compensation layer, and using acetone containing 0.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5% by weight of triethylfluorenyl cellulose- A methanol (50 ·· 50) mixed solution was bonded to obtain a polarizing plate having an effective width of 650 mm and having the antireflection film and the optical compensation layer. Table 4 Example Oriented Film Polymer Antireflection Film (coating solution) 13 P] (a) 14 P-2 (a) 15 P-3 (a) 16 P-4 (a) 17 P-1 (b) 18 P-2 (b) 19 P-3 (b) 20 P-4 (b) 21 P-1 (c) 22 P-2 (c) 23 P-3 (c) 24 P-4 (c) further As shown in Figure 2, the polarizing plate is cut to a size of 3 1 0 X 2 3 3 mm. As a result, it was possible to obtain a polarizing plate having an area efficiency of 91.5% and an absorption axis inclined from the side by 45. < Results > The polarizing film of the present invention manufactured by the above-mentioned method can use the skew stretch method shown in Fig. -41-200301374 4 to provide an area efficiency with an absorption axis inclined at 45 ° from the side. It is a polarizing plate of 9 1.5%. Furthermore, a polarizing plate including the anti-glare or anti-reflection layer having a function of widening the viewing angle, sufficient anti-glare and anti-reflection properties, scratch resistance and anti-fouling properties can be obtained. Industrial feasibility According to the present invention, a polarizing plate can be simply and easily manufactured at a low cost, which includes a skewed drawing obtained by subjecting a polymer film to a skewed stretching method capable of improving the yield of the polarizing plate stamping step. The developed polymer film has excellent smoothness, in particular, has sufficiently high anti-glare and anti-reflection properties, abrasion resistance and anti-staining properties. Furthermore, a high-performance polarizing plate having a viewing angle widening function can be provided. Because this polarizer is particularly non-reduced (because it reflects external light), has no input outside image (because of reflection), has no uneven image color, and has high scratch resistance on the display surface, it can provide a high display level at low cost LCD display. (V) Brief Description of Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a specific embodiment of a polarizing plate of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a stamped state of the polarizing plate of the present invention. Table 3 is a schematic plan view of an example of a method for diagonally stretching a polymer film of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of an example of a method for diagonally stretching a polymer film of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of an example of a method for diagonally stretching a polymer film of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of an example of a method of stretching the polymer film of the present invention at an angle -42- 200301374. Fig. 7 is a plan view showing an example of a method for diagonally stretching a polymer film of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a plan view showing an example of a method for diagonally stretching a polymer film of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a plan view of a stamping state of a conventional polarizing plate. FIG. 10 is a typical structural diagram of an optical anisotropic layer of the present invention. FIG. 11 is another exemplary structural diagram of the optical anisotropic layer of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic relationship between the main refractive indexes 11x and ny and the main refractive index nz in the thickness direction of the transparent carrier (film). Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of the anti-reflection film. FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view of a specific embodiment of a polarizing plate layer structure according to the present invention. Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of the liquid crystal display of Example 12. Explanation of Symbolic Symbols (1) Direction of film introduction (11) Direction of conveying film to the next step (a) Film introduction step (b) Film stretching step (c) Transfer of stretched film to the next step Step A 1 The position where the clamping device engages the film and the position where the film begins to stretch (substantially the starting point for clamping: right) B 1 The position where the clamping device engages the film (left) C 1 The position where the film begins to stretch (the point where the actual clamping starts) : Left) -43- 200301374

Cx film release position and final base position for film stretching (substantial clamping release point: left)

The last basic position of Ay film stretching (substantially clamping release point: right) 丨 LI-L2 丨 Path difference between right and left film clamping equipment W The substantial width Θ at the end of the film stretching step is traveled by the stretching direction and the film The angle made by the direction 1 substrate 2 hard coating layer 3 anti-glare or light scattering layer 4 low refractive index layer 5 particles 1 1 film centerline of the leading edge 1 2 film centerline conveyed to the next step 1 3 film clamping Track of the device (left) 1 4 Track of the film holding device (right) 15 Film on the leading edge 16 Feed the film to the next step 1 7, 1 7 'Left and right points where the film starts to clamp (mesh) 1 8 , 1 8 'Left and right points of the film release from the clamping device 21 The film centerline of the leading edge 2 2 Conveyance to the film centerline of the next step 2 3 Track of the film clamping device (left) 2 4 Film clamping device Track (right) 25 Introduced film 200301374 2 6 Conveying to the next step of the film 27, 27 'Left and right points where the film starts to clamp (mesh) 2 8, 2 8' Left release of film from the clamping device And right point 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6 3 film holding equipment Track (left) 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6 4 track of the film holding equipment (right) 35, 4 5, 5 5, 65 The film with the introduced edge 36, 46, 56, 66 is conveyed to the next step Film 70 protective film 7 1, 7 1 'stretching axis of the protective film (phase backward axis) 7 2 longitudinal 7 4 adhesive layer 7 6 antireflection film 80 polarizing film 8 1 stretching axis of polarizing film (absorption axis) 82 Vertical 83 Horizontal 9 0 Polarizing plate 9 4, 9 41 Polarizing film (including protective film) 9 7 Liquid crystal cell 9 8 Backlight 99 Anti-reflective film 1 0 1 Transparent carrier 101a, 101b, 101c Plane 102 oriented parallel to the plane of the transparent carrier 200301374 103 Optically different phase 1 0 3 a, 1 0 3 b, 1 0 3 c Normal of liquid crystal disc type compound 1 04 Transparent carrier The first specific embodiment of the polarizing plate of the present invention includes a transparent protective sheet Yue Wu, a laminated film of polarizing film with polarizing ability and an optical compensation layer (in this order) with function of expanding viewing range. This polarizing plate can usually be obtained by manufacturing and combining roll-to-roll with a long polarizing film (which can have a transparent protective film on at least one side surface) and a long optical compensation layer, and punching according to the application; or It is obtained by manufacturing one or two long-form transparent protective films, polarizing films with polarizing capabilities, and members of an optical compensation layer having a function of expanding the viewing range, and punching the long members and combining them. In the present invention, " polarizing plate " includes both long polarizing plates and punched out polarizing plates unless otherwise stated. The gist of the present invention is to design specific skew stretch equipment to use those constituent members to make a Polarizing film, this skewed and stretched polarizing film is combined with a transparent protective film and an optical compensation layer with an enlarged viewing angle function to have a specific angular relationship between the respective stacked members. With these designs, even when When the film is stretched obliquely, no wrinkle or distortion is produced on the stretched film, and a polarizing film having excellent smoothness can be obtained. Furthermore, a high cutting yield can be obtained, and the polarizing film can be obtained at the same time. It can be bonded to an optically-different layer for widening the viewing angle while maintaining the functions of these members, so a polarizing plate with high performance and a function of expanding the viewing angle can be obtained in high yield. Jiadi is applied to the stretching method of the polarizing film of the present invention as -46-2003003374. In this stretching method, stretching can be performed by Polymer film to obtain skewed orientation, while designing the percentage of volatile components of the film when stretched, the shrinkage of the film when it shrinks, and the elastic modulus of the film before stretching, even when the film is stretched skewly At the time, 'wrinkles or distortions are not produced on the stretched film' and a polarizing film having excellent smoothness can be obtained. The first embodiment of the polarizing plate of the present invention obtained by stacking the respective members The example is characterized in that, in a long polarizing plate, the absorption axis of the polarizing film is not parallel or perpendicular to the phase backward axis of the transparent carrier (hereinafter, this long polarizing plate is sometimes simply referred to as "skew-oriented" polarized light) Plate). The angle between the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the phase lag axis of the transparent carrier (regardless of before or after the polarizing film is cut) is preferably from 10 ° to less than 90 °, more preferably from 20 to 70 ° It is still more preferably 40 to 50 °, and particularly preferably 44 to 46. As for the bonding relationship between the transparent protective film and the polarizing film in the polarizing plate of the present invention, the phase of the transparent protective film lags behind The angle made with the absorption axis of the polarizing film is from 10 ° to less than 90 °, preferably 20 to 70 °, more preferably 40 to 50 °, and still more preferably 44 to 46 °. You can choose from this range Appropriate angle. By stacking the individual members to have this angular relationship, a single polarizing plate can be obtained at a high yield in the step of punching out the long polarizing plate. At the same time, with this angular relationship, a The polarizing plate also maintains the function of expanding the viewing angle. Furthermore, because the angle between members can be freely set within the above description, the optimal angle can be freely selected according to the combination of members. In the stamping step of cutting the polarizing plate according to the application In the process, a long polarized 47-200301374 light plate can be punched, or one or two members can be punched out of the three members of a transparent protective film, a polarizing film with polarizing capability, and an optical compensation layer with an enlarged viewing angle function, and then adhere to them. The optical compensation layer usable in the present invention includes two components having the same function. One of them is an optical compensation layer comprising a transparent carrier. 'There is a layer element for optical compensation on the transparent carrier. The layer element has negative birefringence and is composed of a compound having a disc-type structural unit.' The disc plane of the disc-type structural unit (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the "〃 plane") is inclined relative to the plane of the transparent carrier, and the angle made by the disc plane of the disc-type structural unit and the plane of the transparent carrier will be between The optical anisotropic layer changes in the depth direction, so it can compensate for the transmitted light that is attenuated when the viewing angle is enlarged. Similarly, a unidirectional film can be used between the transparent carrier and the optical anisotropic layer. The other is a layer element for optical compensation. It is a group of layer elements supported on a transparent carrier, and is composed of a unidirectional film (consisting of an orientable polymer) and an optically different orientation layer (consisting of a liquid crystal compound). And the liquid crystal compound of the optically different-direction layer are chemically bonded through the interfaces of these layers, so that the attenuation when the viewing angle is enlarged can be compensated The polarizing plate of the present invention can be used for different purposes. However, due to the characteristic appearance of its orientation axis tilted with respect to the longitudinal direction (especially, the orientation axis of the polarizing film and the longitudinal tilt angle are 40 to 50 °), which is relatively It is better to use a polarizing plate for LCD, a circular polarizing plate for anti-reflection of organic EL display, or the like. Furthermore, the polarizing plate of the present invention is also suitable for combining with different optical components, such as , Retardation film (such as λ / 4 plate and λ / 2 plate), anti-glare film, and hard-coated film. In the first embodiment of the polarizing plate of the present invention, it is occasionally impossible to satisfy the downward direction by using optical Differing layers to improve the effect of expanding the viewing angle. Therefore, considering the improvement of the effect of expanding the viewing angle in the downward direction (especially the improvement of contrast, grayscale, black and white reversal, and color degradation), it is better for the side of the viewer A viewer of the polarizing plate is provided with an anti-reflection layer having an anti-glare or light scattering layer, as described in PCT / JP 02/04270. The second embodiment of the polarizing plate of the present invention will be described below. As described above, the second specific embodiment of the polarizing plate of the present invention is characterized in that, in a long polarizing plate, the polarizing plate has an antireflection film (which includes a low refractive index layer (which includes a Fluororesin with a refractive index of 1.38 to 1.49) and an anti-glare or light-scattering film (which includes an adhesive with a refractive index of 1.5 7 to 2.0), and the absorption axis of the polarizing film (stretched) Axis) are not parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (hereafter, this long polarizer is sometimes simply referred to as a π-orientated π polarizer). The angle between the longitudinal direction and the direction of the absorption axis is preferably from 10 ° to less than 90 °, more preferably from 20 to 70 °, and still more preferably from 40 to 50. In particular, it is 44 to 46 °. With this angle, a single polarizing plate having an anti-reflection film can be obtained in a high yield in the step of punching out the polarizing plate from the long polarizing plate; furthermore, the obtained polarizing plate has no color unevenness and excellent resistance Reflective and with preferred scratch resistance and antifouling properties, it can be used as a polarizer placed on the front side of the LCD as required. Generally speaking, a long polarizing plate (usually in the form of a roll) can be manufactured and stamped according to the application, thereby obtaining a practical polarizing plate. Unless otherwise indicated, the "polarizing plate" used in the present invention includes both a long polarizing plate and a punched out polarizing plate. On at least one surface of the polarizing film, the stretched protective film is usually adhered through an adhesive layer. In the present invention, the angle made by the stretching axis of the polarizing film and the protective film is set from 10 ° to 90 °, whereby the dimensional stability of the polarizing plate can be significantly improved, and excellent aging stability can be obtained . More specifically, it is shown in FIG. 1 by adhering a protective film 70 having a stretching axis 71 to at least one surface of a polarizing film 80 having a stretching axis 81 (if necessary, through an adhesive layer 74). The obtained polarizing plate 90 has an angle Θ between the stretching axis 81 of the polarizing film and the stretching axis 71 of the protective film 71 (in other words, the dotted line 71 ′) from 10 ° to 90 °. Within this range, excellent dimensional stability can be obtained. Regarding the angle between the stretch axis (absorption axis) of the polarizing plate and the stretch axis (phase backward axis) of the protective film, the evaluation of the angle made by the absorption axis and the phase backward axis can be performed by attaching the protective film of the polarizer The polarizing film is peeled off to measure the phase lag axis of the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the protective film. The stretch axis of a polarizing film is defined as the axis direction that provides the maximum transmission density when a polarizing plate is stacked on a polarizing plate with a well-known absorption axis in the state of crossed Nicols. The stretch axis of a protective film is defined as the axial direction that provides the maximum refractive index when measuring the refractive index in the plane of the protective film. The angle between the stretched axis of the polarizing film and the stretched axis of the protective film means the angles made by those axis directions, and is preferably 10 °. To less than 9 0. . The transmission density of a polarizing film can be measured by a transmission densitometer (for example, X-Rite · 310TR with a state M filter installed on -50-200301374) and the refractive index of the protective film can use polarized light Ellipsometer to measure (for example, AEP-10, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). Furthermore, it is preferable that the stretching axis 7 1 of the protective film 70 is performed in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction 8 2 or the transverse direction 8 3 of the polarizing plate, and the stretching axis 8 1 of the polarizing film 80 is made to the polarizing plate. The vertical 8 2 or horizontal 8 3 is at an angle of 45 °. The process for stretching the protective film that can be used in the present invention includes not only the case where the film is stretched by providing a stretching step, but also includes not providing a separate stretching step and the film is dried after the film of the protective film is dried. In the case of stretching by applying additional tension in the longitudinal direction in the post-heating step. The polarizing plate can be easily obtained by designing a polarizing film and a protective film each having a stretch axis, and providing the stretch axis angle described above, and combining these films. However, it is preferable to use a long polarizing plate as shown in FIG. 2, in which the protective film having the stretching axis 71 parallel to the longitudinal direction is adhered to the polarized light having the stretching axis 8 1 not parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 8 2. At least one surface of the film (in other words, a polarized film that is skew-oriented). By using this, when the polarizing plate is punched out as shown in Fig. 2, the yield of the polarizing plate at the punching step can be improved. The skewed polarized film as shown in FIG. 2 can be manufactured by a stretch method in which two sides of the continuously fed polymer film are held by a holding device, and the holding device is along the longitudinal direction of the film The film can be stretched while traveling and under tension; wherein the clamping device tracks L on one side of the polymer film from the starting point of the substantial clamping to the releasing point of the substantial clamping device. 1. The clamping device is on the other side of the polymer film. The distance from the starting point of the actual clamping to the actual clamping release -51-200301374. The distance W between the track L2 of the release point and the second release point of the actual clamping satisfies the above formula (1); the vertical conveyance between the left and right films of the clamping device The speed difference is less than 1% (hereinafter, this method is specifically called the skew stretch method). A protective film having a longitudinal stretching axis is continuously adhered to at least one surface of the thus obtained skewed and stretched polarizing film, whereby a long polarizing plate can be manufactured more efficiently. The anti-reflection film can be formed by adhering a thin film including a substrate on a polarizing film, and an anti-glare or light-scattering film and a low refractive index layer have been successively coated on the substrate. A protective film that has been adhered to a polarizing film as described above can also be provided as a substrate. In this example, an anti-glare or light scattering film and a low refractive index layer have been previously coated on the protective film, and then the protective film is applied. Combined with the polarizing film to manufacture a polarizing plate. < Composition of a polarizing plate > In order to adhere a protective film to a polarizing film that has been manufactured by using a skew stretch, for example, an adhesive may be used to adhere the protective film to the polarizing film, and the polarizing film described above A method of keeping the two edges sandwiched in the drying step, and then cutting the two edges; or a method of removing the polarizing film from the clamping portion of the two edges after drying, cutting the two edges of the film, and adhering a protective film. The polarizing plate of the present invention has the anti-reflective film and polarizing film described above, and the protective film and the anti-reflective film are preferably stacked to form a structure of a protective film / polarizing film / protective film / anti-reflective film (Structure (1), No. 1 (4) (a)) or the structure of the protective film / polarizing film / protective film / anti-reflective film substrate / anti-glare anti-reflective film (structure (2), Fig. 14 (b)). -52- 200301374 The polarizing plate having the structure (l) can be obtained by applying a polarizing film (which can be obtained by using a skew stretch method as described above and having a protective film adhered to one side surface thereof) and an antireflection film (which can Manufactured by combining an anti-glare or light-scattering film, a low-refractive index layer, and other layers (if desired) on the protective film as a substrate; or can be produced by first attaching the protective film to the protective film Two surfaces of the polarizing film are formed on one side of the protective film by covering the layers to form an anti-reflection film. The polarizing plate having the structure (2) can be manufactured by combining a polarizing plate with a protective film adhered on both surfaces and an anti-reflection film (formed by covering the anti-reflection film substrate). From the standpoint of improving the contrast of liquid crystal displays, the polarizing plate of the present invention has better high transmittance and high degree of polarization. The transmittance at 5 to 50 nm is preferably 30% or more, and more preferably 40% or more. The degree of polarization at 550 nm is preferably 95.0% or more, more preferably 99% or more, and still more preferably 99.9% or more. The polarizing plate of the present invention is preferably used for a liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display usually includes a liquid crystal display element and a polarizing plate. The liquid crystal display element includes a liquid crystal layer, a substrate for supporting the liquid crystal layer, and an electrode layer for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal. Both the substrate and the electrode layer are manufactured using transparent materials (for display purposes). As for the transparent substrate, a glass sheet or a resin film can be used. In some examples of liquid crystal displays that require flexibility, a resin film must be used. In addition to high transmittance, the liquid crystal substrate needs to have low birefringence and heat resistance. ~ Phase difference plates are sometimes provided in LCD displays. This retardation film is a birefringent film used to remove the color on the -53- 200301374 liquid crystal image element and achieve black and white display. This retardation plate can also be manufactured using a resin film. This retardation plate needs to have high birefringence. The polarizing plate includes a protective film and a polarizing film. The polarizing film is a resin film using iodine or a two-color dye as a polarizing element. The protective film is provided on one surface or both surfaces of the polarizing film (for the purpose of protecting the polarizing film). In the example where the protective film is provided on only one surface of the polarizing film, the liquid crystal substrate described above is usually provided as the protective film on the other surface. The protective film of the polarizing plate needs to have light transmittance and low birefringence (low retardation), and the cellulose acetate film can be particularly advantageously used in the present invention. The polarizing film of the polarizing plate includes an iodine type polarizing film, a dye type polarizing film using a two-color dye, and a polyolefin type polarizing film. Any of these polarizing films is usually manufactured using a polyvinyl alcohol type film. The thickness of the protective film of the polarizing plate is preferably 25 to 350 microns, and more preferably 50 to 200 microns. In the protective film, ultraviolet absorbers, slip agents, decay inhibitors and plasticizers can be added. On the protective film of the polarizing plate, a surface-treated film may be provided in addition to the anti-reflection film. The functions of this surface treatment film include hard coating and anti-suspension treatment. The polarizing plate and its protective film are described in r P-A-4 -219703, JP-A-5-212828 and JP-A-6-51117. The members of the polarizing plate of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the polarizing plate will be described later. First, the polarizing film of the present invention and its preferred stretching method will be described in detail (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the stretching method of the present invention). I. Polarizing film < Stretching method >-54- 2 ^ 0301374 Figures 3 and 4 are each a schematic plan view of an example of a method for skewly stretching a polymer film for polarizing films (after this, if If you are not worried about being mistaken or misunderstood with other polymer layers, you can omit "for polymer films for polarizing films. For π polarizing films.") The stretching method of the present invention includes (a) in the direction of arrow (1) The steps of introducing the original thin moon Wu, (b) the step of stretching the film in the orthogonal direction and (c) the step of conveying the stretched film to the next step in the direction of the arrow (ii). &Quot; The `` stretching step '' is hereinafter referred to as including these steps (a) to (c) and refers to all steps for carrying out the stretching method of the present invention. Films introduced continuously from the (i) direction, from the upstream, firstly It is clamped by the clamping device at the point B1 on the left. At this point, the other edges of the film are not clamped and no tension is generated in the orthogonal direction. In other words, the point] B1 is not substantially the origin of the clamping. Starting point (hereinafter referred to as " substantially clamping starting point, ") In the definition, the starting point of the substantial clamping is defined as the point where the two edges of the film are first clamped. The starting point of the substantial clamping includes two points, that is, the clamping starting points A1 and C1 on the downstream side (which are A straight line drawn from A1 that is almost perpendicular to the thin M centerline 1 1 (picture 3) or 2 1 (picture 4), which meets the opposite side of the clamping device track 1 3 (picture 3) or 2 3 (Picture 4) 〇 From these points, when the film is conveyed on the two edges by the clamping device at substantially the same speed, A 1 will move to A 2, A 3 per unit time ... A η and C 1 will similarly move to c 2, C 3 · ·. C η. That is, when the foundation passes, the line connecting the points An and Cn at that time is the pulling of the clamping device. Show direction. -55- 74 74

In the method of the present invention, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, An is gradually delayed from Cn, so the stretching direction is gradually inclined from the vertical direction to the conveying direction. In the present invention, the point at which the grip is substantially released (hereinafter referred to as " substantially grip release point ") may be defined by two points, that is, the point Cx (where the film is further upstream from the gripping device Away) and point Ay (which is on the opposite side and pulled from Cx is a line that is almost perpendicular to the film centerline 1 2 (Figure 3) or 22 (Figure 4) conveyed to the next step, which meets The rails of the holding device are at positions 14 (Figure 3) or 24 (Figure 4).

The final stretching direction angle of the film can be determined by the path difference between the right and left clamping devices at the substantial end point (substantial clamping release point) of the stretching step (Ay-Αχ (ie, 'I LI-L2 丨) ) And the distance W (distance between Cx and Ay) between the substantial grip release point. Therefore, the inclination angle Θ of the stretching direction and the conveying direction to the next step is an angle that can satisfy the following relationship: t an0 = W / (Ay-Ax), that is, t an0 = W / I LI-L2I It has been clamped on the upper film edge of Figures 3 and 4, even up to 18 (Figure 3) or 28 (Figure 4) after the point Ay, but because it does not clamp the other edges, it will not be in the right A new stretch is generated in the intersection direction. Therefore, 18 and 28 are not substantial grip release points. As mentioned above, in the present invention, the substantial clamping starting point existing at the two edges of the film is not the point where the film completely meshes with each of the right and left sides of the clamping device. In order to describe more strictly the starting points of the two definitions of the present invention, these points have been defined as the straight line connecting the left or right clamping point with another clamping point which can almost meet the point of introducing the film into the clamping step. The centerline of the film is two-56- 200301374 upstream clamping points. Similarly, in the present invention, two substantially gripping release points are defined as the points where the straight line connecting the left or right gripping point and the other gripping point can almost meet the centerline of the film to be conveyed to the next step , And it is the two clamping points located at the most downstream. As used herein, the term " almost right-angled " means that the centerline of the film and the straight line connecting the left and right substantial clamping start points or substantial clamping release points are at an angle of 90 ± 0.5. When using a tenter system In the example where the stretching machine provides a difference between the left and right paths, due to mechanical constraints (such as the length of the track), it will be between the point that engages the gripping device and the starting point of the substantial grip or between the point that engages the gripping device and the substantial grip A large difference occurs between the release points, but as long as the above-defined path from the starting point of the mass clamp to the release point of the substantial clamp satisfies the relationship in equation (1), the goal of the present invention can be achieved. The ratio of the output width W in step (c) to the substantial difference in the path between the right and left clamping devices IL 1-L2 丨 is used to control and adjust the tilt angle of the oriented axis of the stretched film. Polarizer and phase For poor films, it is often necessary to orient the film at 45 ° to the longitudinal direction. In this example, in order to obtain an orientation angle close to 45 °, the following formula (2) is preferably satisfied: Formula (2) ··· .9W < 丨 LI -L2 < 1, 1 W 〇 More preferably, the following formula (3) is satisfied: Formula (3): 0 · 97W < The specific structure for the stretching step can be freely designed as shown in Figures 3 to 8 -57-200301374. From the direction of introducing the film to the stretching step (ii) and the direction of conveying the film to the next 1 step ( ii) The angle produced can be any number 'but' from the viewpoint of reducing the total installation area of the equipment including the steps before and after stretching ', this angle is preferably smaller and more preferably 3. or less, More preferably, it is 0.5 ° or less. This can be obtained, for example, from the structure shown in Figs. 3 and 6. In this method that does not substantially change the direction of travel of the film, it is difficult to use only an enlarged clamping device. To obtain an orientation angle of 45 ° from the longitudinal direction (which is preferably used as a polarizing plate or a retardation film). As shown in FIG. 3, it can be achieved by providing a film shrinking step after stretching the film once. L1-L2I becomes larger. The stretch ratio is preferably 1.1 to 10.0 times, more preferably 2 to 10 times. Among them The subsequent shrinkage percentage is preferably 10% or more. Furthermore, it is also possible to repeat the stretch shrinkage multiple times as shown in Figure 6, because this can make IL1-L2 1 larger. From the viewpoint of the equipment cost of the stretching step, the number of bending times and the bending angle of the clamping equipment track are preferably small. In this viewpoint, as shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 7, the film traveling direction is preferably After bending, the state of the two edges of the clamping film is maintained, so that the angle made by the film traveling direction and the substantial stretching direction of the film at the output step of clamping the second edge of the film can be inclined by 20 to 70 °. In the present invention, the film stretching device for applying tension while holding the two edges of the film is preferably a so-called tenter device as shown in FIGS. 3 to 7. Other non-conventional two-dimensional tentering machines can also be used, as shown in Figure 8, which can provide a spiral difference -58-200301374 approach between the two edges of the clamping device during the stretching step. In many instances, tenter type stretch machines have a clamping chain structure that travels along a track. However, when a vertically inconsistent stretch method is used as in the present invention, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the input and output of the steps are generated at the end of one track and the end of the other track. Misalignment, and the engagement or release between the left and right edges does not occur synchronously. In this example, the actual path lengths L1 and L2 are not the simple meshing pair release distances, but have been the path lengths of the two edges of the film held by the holding device as described above. If the film traveling speed is different between the left and right edges at the output of the stretching step, measures or deviations will occur. Therefore, the right and left film holding devices are required to convey the film at substantially the same speed. The speed difference is preferably 1% or less, more preferably less than 0.5%, and most preferably less than 0.55%. As used herein, speed means the length of travel of the left and right clamping devices on each side of the track per minute. In a general tenter stretching machine or the like, depending on the frequency of the chain of the drive chain, the frequency of the drive motor and the like, unevenness of a few seconds or less may occur in the speed, so Non-uniformities of several% are often produced ', however, these are not included in the speed difference indicated by the present invention. < Shrinkage > Shrinkage of the stretched polymer film may be performed during or after stretching. This shrinkage is sufficient as long as the wrinkles of the polymer film which has been oriented in the skew direction are eliminated. For shrink films, methods that heat the film and thus remove volatile components can be used, but any device that can shrink the film can be used. The film is preferably shrinkable to 1 / s] ηθ or more, where Θ is -59- 200301374 directional angle related to the longitudinal direction. The shrinkage percentage is preferably 10% or more. < Percent of Volatile Components > When a difference is reached between the right and left paths, the film is wrinkled or deviated. In order to solve the problems of the horns, the present invention is characterized in that when the polymer film is stretched, its supportability is negative and the state of allowing 5% or more volatile component percentage exists, and then shrinks to Reduce the percentage of volatile components. The name "maintaining the supporting properties of the polymer film" as used herein means to sandwich the two sides of the thin film without impairing the film properties. The percentage of volatile ingredients as used in the present invention means The volume of volatile components contained in a unit of film volume can be obtained by dividing the volume of volatile components by the volume of the film. Furthermore, "stretching allows 5% or more volatility at the same time. Existence of the percentage of sexual ingredients " does not mean that 5% or more volatile ingredient percentages must be maintained throughout the stretching step process, but means that as long as 5% or more volatile ingredient percentages are maintained The effect of the present invention can be exerted by pulling down, and the volatile component may be 5% or less in some steps. Examples of the method of incorporating volatile ingredients include a method of casting the film and incorporating a solvent or water, a dipping method, coating or spraying the film with a solvent or water before stretching, and applying a solvent or water during stretching method. A hydrophilic polymer film (such as polyvinyl alcohol) can contain water in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. Therefore, the film can be incorporated by stretching the film after adjusting the humidity in a high-humidity environment or by stretching the film under a high-humidity state. Volatile ingredients. In addition to these methods, any method that can make the volatile component of the polymer film 5% or more can be used. -60- 200301374 The preferred percentage of volatile components can vary depending on the type of polymer film. The maximum percentage of volatile components can be any rhenium, so long as the supporting properties of the polymer film are maintained. For polyvinyl alcohol, the percentage of volatile components is preferably 10 to 100%. For cellulose acetate, the percentage of volatile components is preferably 10 to 200%. < Modulus of elasticity > As for the physical properties of the polymer film before stretching, if the modulus of elasticity is too low, then the percentage of shrinkage during or after stretching will decrease and the wrinkles will not disappear; if it is too high, then When stretching, a large tension is applied. As a result, it is necessary to increase the strength of the two edge film portion and increase the machine load. In the present invention, the elastic modulus of the polymer film before stretching is preferably (in terms of Young's modulus) 0.01 to 500 million Pascals, and more preferably 0.1 to 500 million Pascals. < Distance from crease generation to disappearance > If the wrinkles of the polymer film which are oriented in the skew direction disappear until the substantial pinch release point indicated in the present invention, it will not cause problems. However, if it takes a long time from wrinkle generation to disappearance, dispersion occurs in the stretch direction. Therefore, the wrinkle preferably disappears from the point where the wrinkle is generated within the shortest possible travel distance. For this purpose, for example, a method capable of increasing the evaporation rate of volatile components can be used. < Foreign substance > In the present invention, if the foreign substance adheres to the polymer film before stretching, the surface becomes coarse sugar. Therefore, it is better to remove the foreign object. Right foreign matter is present (especially when polarizing plates are made), these can cause color / optical unevenness. It is also important to keep foreign materials from sticking to the polymer film until the protective film is bonded. Therefore, the polarizing plate is preferably manufactured in an environment in which floating dust is minimized. The amount of the foreign substance used in the present invention is a 値 obtained by dividing the weight of the foreign substance adhered to the film surface by the surface area, and can be expressed in grams per square meter. The amount of the foreign substance is preferably 1 g / m 2 or less, and more preferably 0.5 g / m 2 or less. Smaller amounts are better. The method of removing the foreign substance is not particularly limited, and any method may be used as long as it can remove the foreign substance before stretching without adversely affecting the polymer film. Examples thereof include a method of jetting a water stream to erase a foreign substance, a method of jetting a foreign substance using a jet, and a method of using a blade of cloth, rubber, or the like to erase a foreign substance. < Drying > As long as the wrinkles generated disappear, any drying conditions can be used. However, it is better to adjust the drying conditions so that the drying point can be reached within the shortest possible travel distance after obtaining the desired orientation angle. The drying point means a position where the surface temperature of the film becomes equal to the ambient temperature in the environment. For this reason, the drying speed is also preferably as high as possible. < Drying temperature > Any drying conditions can be used as long as the generated wrinkles disappear, but the conditions will vary depending on the stretched film. In the case where the polarizing plate according to the present invention is prepared using a polyvinyl alcohol film, the drying temperature is preferably from 20 to 100 ° C, more preferably from 40 to 90 ° C. After the completion of the step, the final volatile component of the 'dried polymer film is better than {3% or less of soil], preferably 2% or less, still more preferably 1.5% or more 74 74

Less so, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stretching method includes (1) stretching the film at least 1.1 to 20.0 times in an orthogonal direction; (1 1) in a clamping device Provide 1% or less film travel speed difference between the two edges of the machine direction; (iii) bend the film travel direction while holding the two edges of the film, so that the film at the output in the step of holding the two edges of the film The angle between the direction of travel and the substantial stretching direction of the film becomes 20 to 70 °, (iv) stretching the film while maintaining the support properties of the polymer film, and allowing the state of 5% or more volatile components to exist, The volatile components are then reduced to shrink the film. Furthermore, the preferred different states are described below. When the polymer film is a polyvinyl alcohol film and a hardener is used, the swelling percentage with water before and after stretching is preferably different so that the stretching can be maintained in a skewed state without being released. More specifically, it is preferable that the swelling percentage before stretching is high and the swelling percentage after stretching and drying is low. More preferably, the percentage of swelling with water before stretching is 3% or more, and the percentage of swelling after drying is 3% or less. < Percent swelling > In the present invention, when the polymer film is polyvinyl alcohol and a hardener is used, the percentage of swelling with water before and after stretching is preferably different, so that the stretching can be maintained without release. Skewed state. More specifically, it is preferable that the percentage of swelling before stretching and the percentage of swelling after stretching and drying become low. More preferably, the percentage of swelling with water before stretching is 3% or greater and the percentage of swelling after drying 200301374 is 3% or less. < Specification of Bending Part > It is often necessary to be able to adjust the track of the holding device track of the present invention to have a large bending ratio. In order to prevent the film clamping devices from interfering with each other due to sudden bending or to prevent localized stress from condensing, the track of the clamping device is preferably drawn into a circular arc shape at the curved portion. < Stretching speed > In the present invention, the stretching speed of the film is preferably higher, and when expressed as a stretching magnification per unit time, it is 1.1 times / minute or more, preferably 2 times / minute or more. The longitudinal traveling speed is 0.1 m / min or more ', preferably 1 m / min or more. Considering the yield, a higher traveling speed is better. In either instance, the upper limit may vary depending on the stretch film and stretch machine. < Longitudinal tension > In the present invention, 'while the clamping device clamps the two edges of the film, the film is preferably taut for easy clamping. Specific examples of the method include a method of applying tension in the longitudinal direction to make the film taut. The tension before stretching varies depending on the state of the film, but it is preferably applied to such an extent that the film does not loosen. < Stretch temperature > In the present invention, if the ambient temperature is at least higher than the curing point of the volatile component contained in the film, it is sufficient when the film is stretched. In the case where the film is polyvinyl alcohol, the peripheral temperature is preferably 25 ° C or more. In the example of PVA that has been immersed in iodine / boric acid to make polarizing films, the temperature of this week-64- 2 卯 301374 is preferably from 2 5 to 9 (TC. ≪ Pretch humidity > In the case of a film having water as a volatile component (such as polyvinyl alcohol or cellulose acetate), the film can be stretched in a humidity-adjusted environment. In the example of polyvinyl alcohol, the humidity is preferably 50% Or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 90% or more. ≪ Polymer film for polarizing film > In the present invention, the polymer film to be stretched is not particularly limited A film containing a polymer having a suitable thermoplasticity may be used. Examples of the polymer include PVA, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, and polymill. The thickness of the film before stretching is not particularly limited, but considering the film The clamping stability is consistent with the stretch, and the thickness is preferably 1 micrometer to 1 millimeter, and more preferably 20 to 200 micrometers. The polymer for the polarizing film is preferably PVA. PVA can usually be saponified by polyvinyl acetate It can be obtained by ester, but it can contain a copolymerizable with vinyl acetate. Components such as unsaturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated sulfonic acids, olefins, and vinyl ethers. Similarly, those containing acetamidine, sulfonate, carboxyl, oxyalkylene, or the like can be used. Modified PVA. The degree of saponification of PVA is not particularly limited, but considering solubility and similar properties, it is preferably 80 to 100 mole%, more preferably 90 to 100 mole%. Similarly, the PVA's The degree of polymerization is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1,000 to 10,000, and more preferably 1,500 to 5,000. ≪ Dyeing formula / method > The polarizing film can be obtained by dyeing PVA, This dyeing step can be performed by gas-phase or liquid-phase adsorption. As for the liquid-phase dyeing example, when using iodine, the dyeing can be performed by immersing a PVA film in an iodine-potassium iodide aqueous solution. Iodine It is preferably from 0.00 to 20 g / L, potassium iodide is preferably from 1 to 200 g / L, and the weight ratio of iodine to potassium iodide is preferably from 1 to 200. Dyeing time is preferably from 10 to 5,000 seconds, and liquid temperature It is preferably 5 to 60 ° C. The dyeing method is not limited to soaking, but any method can be used. , Such as coating or spraying an iodine or dye solution. The dyeing step may be provided before or after the stretching step of the present invention; however, the dyeing is preferably performed in the liquid phase before the stretching step, because the film will undergo Proper expansion makes it easy to stretch. ≪ Introducing hardener (crosslinking agent) / metal salt > In the method of manufacturing a polarizing film by stretching PVA, it is preferable to use a crosslinkable PVA In particular, when the skew stretching method of the present invention is used, if the hardness of the PVA at the output of the stretching step is sufficient, the orientation direction of the PVA may be shifted due to the tension in the step. Therefore, it is preferable to incorporate the crosslinking agent into the PVA before or during the stretching step by soaking the PVA in the crosslinking agent solution or by coating the solution. The method of granting the cross-linking agent to the PVA film is not particularly limited, and any method such as dipping, coating, or spraying the film with a solution may be used, but the dipping method and the coating method are preferred. As for the coating equipment, any generally well-known equipment such as a roll coater, a die coater, a bar coater, a slide coater, and a curtain coater can be used. Likewise, a method of bringing a solution-filled cloth, cotton, porous material, or the like into contact with the film is preferred. As the cross-linking agent, those described in U.S. Re 2 3 2 897 can be used, but boric acid and borax are preferably used in practice. In addition, metal salts such as zinc, -66- 200301374 cobalt 'rhenium, iron, nickel, and manganese can also be used in combination. After the hardener is added, a rinse / water wash step may be provided. The hardener can be granted before or after the film engages into the stretch machine. This can be done in any of the steps of the example shown in Figures 3 and 4 until the end of step (b), where the stretching is done substantially orthogonally. < Polarizer > In addition to iodine, it is also preferable to dye the film with a two-color dye. Examples of specific two-color dyes include dye-type compounds such as azo-based dyes, stilbene-based dyes, pyrazolium-based dyes, triphenylmethane-based dyes, and quinoline-based dyes. Basic dyes, plough-based dyes, thiamine-based dyes, and anthraquinone-based dyes. Water-soluble compounds are preferred, but the invention is not limited thereto. Likewise, it is preferable to introduce hydrophilic substituents such as sulfonic acid group, amine group and hydroxyl group into these two-color molecules. Specific examples of two-color molecules include CI Direct Yellow 1 2, C. I. Direct Orange 3 9, C. I. Direct Orange 7 2, C. I. Direct Red 3 9, C. I. Direct Red 7 9, C I. Direct Red 8 1, C · I. Direct Red 8 3, C. I. Direct Red 8 9, (:. 1. Direct Violet 48, CI Direct Blue 67, CI Direct Blue 90, CI Direct Green 5 9 , C · I. Acid Red 3 7 and described in JP-A-6 2-7 0 8 0 2, JP -Al- 1 6 1 202 'JP-A- 1-1 7 2 906 ^ JP-A-1 -1 7 2 9 0 7 ^ Dye in JP-A-1-183602, JP-A, 1-248105, JP-A-1-265205, and JP-A-7-261024. These two-color molecules can free acid , Alkali metal salt, ammonium salt or amine salt. By mixing two or more of these two-color molecules, polarizing plates with different colors can be manufactured. Mixing compounds (dye) that can provide black color when the polarization axes intersect at right angles, or Polarizing devices or polarizing plates that mix different two-color molecules to provide black color-67-200301374 are better, because a single plate has excellent transmittance and degree of polarized light. The stretch method of the present invention can also be used better. Manufacture of so-called polyvinylidene based Polarizing film, wherein the dehydrated PVA or polyvinyl chloride or chlorine to form a polyene structure, and the conjugated double bonds is obtained by polarizing square I I. The transparent protective film

The polarizing plate of the present invention is generally used by attaching a transparent protective film to the two or one surface of the polarizing film. The type of the protective film is not particularly limited, and for example, cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose propionate, polycarbonate, polyolefin, polystyrene, and poly ester. The protective film is usually fed in the form of a roll, and is preferably continuously adhered to a long polarizing plate conforming to its longitudinal direction. Here, the orientation axis (phase backward axis) of the protective film can be performed in any direction, but in view of simplicity and easy operation, the orientation axis of the protective film is preferably parallel to the longitudinal direction. The angle between the phase lag axis (orientation axis) of the protective film and the absorption axis (stretch axis) of the polarizing film is not particularly limited, and it can be appropriately set according to the end of the polarizing plate. The absorption axis of the long polarizing plate of the present invention is not parallel to the longitudinal direction. Therefore, when a protective film having an orientation axis parallel to the longitudinal direction is continuously adhered to the length polarizing plate of the present invention, an absorption axis and a protective film of a polarizing film can be obtained. The orientation axis is not parallel to the polarizer. A polarizing plate that combines a polarizing film and a protective film so that the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the orientation axis of the protective film do not run parallel to each other has excellent dimensional stability. When this polarizer is used at -68-74 74

This performance is particularly advantageous in the case of liquid crystal displays. The inclination angle between the backward axis of the phase of the protective film and the absorption axis of the polarizing film is preferably from 10 to 90 °. With this tilt angle, a high dimensional stability effect can be exerted. Generally, the retardation of the protective film is preferably low. However, when the absorption axis of the polarizing film is not parallel to the orientation axis of the protective film, in particular, when the protection film is fixed at a fixed angle, linear polarized light is unfavorably changed to elliptical polarization because the polarizing axis and the protective film's The orientation axis (phase backward axis) is skewed. Therefore, the retardation of the protective film (for example, at 632.8 nm) is preferably 10 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or less. In view of this low retardation, a polymer which can be used as a protective film is preferably cellulose triacetate. Likewise, polyolefins such as ZEONEX, ZEONOR (both manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) and Atong ( ARTON) (manufactured by JSR). Other examples include birefringent-free optical resin materials described in [P-A.8-110402] and: [P-A-11-29 3 1 1 6]. On the surface of the protective film of the polarizing plate of the present invention, there can be provided any functional layer, such as an optical anisotropic layer for compensating the viewing angle of the LCD, an anti-glare or anti-reflection layer for improving the viewing field of the display, and a separate PS for improving the brightness of the LCD Wave function (due to different-direction scattering or different-direction optical interference) (eg, polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer, cholesteric liquid crystal layer) (interpreted in jp-A-4-2 2 9 8 2 8, JP-A-6 -75115 and JP-A-8-50206), hard coatings for improving the scratch resistance of polarizing plates, gas barrier layers for preventing moisture or oxygen diffusion, easy-adhesive layers for improving the adhesion strength to polarizing films, adhesion Agent or pressure sensitive adhesive and grants a smooth layer. -69-200301374 This functional layer can be provided on the side of the polarizing film or on the surface opposite to the polarizing film. The side providing the functional layer can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. On one or both surfaces of the polarizing film of the present invention, different functional films can be directly attached as a protective film. Examples of the functional film include a retardation film (such as a λ / 4 plate and a λ / 2 plate), a light scattering film, a plastic unit provided with a conductive layer provided on the opposite surface of a polarizing plate, and having different direction scattering or different direction optic Brightness-improving film for interference function, reflector, and reflector with transflective function. As for the protective film of the polarizing plate, one or more of the preferable protective films described above may be stacked. The same protective film may be adhered to the two surfaces of the polarizing film, or the protective films adhered to the two surfaces may have different functions and physical properties from each other. The protective film described above can also be adhered to only one side surface instead of the protective film, but a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be directly provided thereon for directly adhering the liquid crystal cell thereto. In this example, a releasable release film is preferably provided on the outer side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive. < Adhesives > Adhesives used to combine polarizing films and protective films are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include PVA-based resins (including modified PVA, such as acetamidine, sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid Acid group and alkylene oxide group) and boron compound aqueous solution. Among these, PVA-based resins are preferred. Similarly, an aqueous solution of a boron compound or potassium iodide may be added to the PVA resin. The thickness of the adhesive layer after drying is preferably 0.01 to 10 microns, more preferably 0.05 to 5 microns. -70- 200301374 < All steps for manufacturing polarizing film and protective film > In the present invention, one is provided to reduce volatility The drying step of shrinking the stretched film is reduced by the percentage of ingredients. However, after or during the drying, after the protective film is adhered to at least one surface of the film, a post-heating film step is preferably provided. Specific examples of the method of attaching the protective film include a method of attaching the protective film to the polarizing film using an adhesive during the drying step while maintaining a state where the two edges of the polarizing film are sandwiched, and then cutting the two edges; and releasing the polarizing film after drying Two-edge clamping portion, two edges of the cutting film, and a method for adhering a protective film there. For cutting edges, 'general techniques can be used, for example, a method of cutting edges using a cutter (such as a cutting tool) or a method of using laser. The bonding film is preferably heated so as to dry the adhesive and improve polarizing performance. The heating conditions will vary depending on the adhesive, but in the case of aqueous adhesives, the heating temperature is preferably 30 ° C or more, more preferably 40 to 100 ° C, and still more preferably 50 to 801. In consideration of performance and manufacturing efficiency, these steps are preferably performed in the entire manufacturing line. ≪ Punching > FIG. 9 shows a conventional example of polarizing plate stamping, and FIG. 2 shows a polarizing plate stamping example of the present invention. . As shown in FIG. 9, in the conventional polarizing plate, the absorption axis 7 1 (in other words, the stretching axis) of the polarizing plate coincides with the longitudinal direction 7 2; however, as shown in FIG. 2, in the present invention, In the polarizing plate, the absorption axis 81 (in other words, the stretching axis) of the polarizing plate is inclined 45 from the longitudinal direction 82. This angle coincides with the angle made between the absorption axis of the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell itself (when it is adhered to the liquid crystal cell in the LCD), because -71- 200301374 Therefore, it is not necessary during the stamping step. Skewed stamping. Furthermore, as can be seen from FIG. 2, because the polarizing plate of the present invention is cut along a straight line in the longitudinal direction, a practical polarizing plate can also be manufactured by cutting along the longitudinal direction without punching a long polarizing plate, which obviously guarantees There is high yield. As described above, this punching can be performed in this state or after laminating a transparent protective film, a polarizing film, and an optical compensation layer. I I I. Optical compensation layer The optical compensation layer of the present invention can be completed by layering an optically-different layer directly on a transparent carrier or through an orientation film. The optical compensation layer that can be used in the present invention can be roughly classified into the following two compositions. (1) An optical compensation layer, characterized in that the optical anisotropy layer is a layer having a negative birefringence property and composed of a compound having a disc-type structural unit, and a disc plane of the disc-type structural unit is opposite Inclined on the transparent carrier plane, the angle made by the disc plane of the disc-type structural unit and the plane of the transparent carrier can be changed in the depth direction of the optical anisotropic layer. This is called the optical compensation layer-1. . _ (2) — An optical compensation layer, characterized in that an alignment film composed of an oriented polymer is provided between a transparent carrier and an optically different direction layer, and the polymer of the oriented film and the liquid crystal compound of the optically different direction layer pass through these layers. Interface is chemically bonded. This is called the optical compensation layer-2. (1) Optical compensation layer-1 In the optical compensation layer-1, a layer (optical anisotropic layer) having a negative birefringence property and composed of a compound having a disc-type structural unit is provided on a transparent support. -7 2-200301374 < Transparent carrier > As for the material for the transparent carrier, any material may be used within the range where the material is transparent. A material having a light transmittance of 80% or more is preferable, and a material having optical isotropy is more preferable when viewed from the front surface. Therefore, the transparent carrier is preferably made of a material having a small intrinsic birefringence. Examples of this usable material include commercially available products such as Nihon Nex (manufactured by Japan Nihon Co., Ltd.), Atsu (manufactured by JSR), and Fuj itac (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. (manufactured by Fuj i Photo Film Co., Ltd). Likewise, a material with a large intrinsic birefringence ratio can be used even by appropriately selecting conditions (such as solution casting and melt extrusion) and further by setting stretching conditions in the longitudinal or orthogonal direction, Such as polycarbonate, polyallyl ester, poly maple and polyether mill. The transparent carriers that can be used in the present invention are described in more detail in paragraphs 0-16 to 0028 of P-A-8-5 0 2 0 6. < An optically anisotropic layer composed of a liquid crystal compound > The optically anisotropic layer is a layer composed of a liquid crystal-like disc-type compound having a low molecular weight (such as a monomer), or a polymerizable by hardening A liquid crystal-like disc-type compound obtained from a polymer-containing layer. Examples of disc-type (disc) compounds that can be used in the present invention include the research report by C. Distrid et al. (M ο 1. C rvst ·, vol. 71, p. 111 (1981)) The benzene derivatives described by C. Distrid et al. In the research report (Mol. CO.st. 'vol. 122, p. 141 (1985) and Physics lett.? A' vol. 78, p. The indenacene derivatives described in page 82 (1 99 0)) were studied by B. Korn et al. (Angew. Chem., Ν ο 1 · 9 6, No. 7 0-73- 200301374 Page (1 984)) and the cyclohexane derivatives described in J. Chem. Commun., P. 1794 (1985)) and J Zhang (Zhang) et al. (J, Am. Chem. Soc., Ν ο 1. 116 'p. 2655 (1994)) described the large Ring. Generally, a disc-shaped (disc) compound has a structure 'that is, the compound described above exists in the molecular core as the parent nucleus, and a linear alkyl or alkoxy group, a substituted benzophenoxy group, or the like is radiated. Substitutes as linear chains. This compound has liquid crystallinity and includes a compound generally called a disc type liquid crystal. However, the disk-type compound is not limited to this, if the molecule itself has a negative uniaxial property and a fixed orientation can be granted. In the present invention, the final product formed from the discotic compound need not be the compound described above, but contains a group capable of reacting under light, heat, or the like, and can be polymerized under heat, light, or the like Or those low-molecular disc-type liquid crystals which are crosslinked to have a high molecular weight and lose liquid crystallinity. In the present invention, the optical compensation layer is preferably manufactured as described above by providing a directional film on a transparent support and then forming an optically anisotropic layer on the aligning film. The optical anisotropy layer that can be used in the present invention is a layer having negative birefringence properties and composed of a compound having a disc-type structural unit, wherein the plane of the disc-type structural unit is inclined with respect to the plane of the transparent carrier, and The angle made by the plane of the disc-shaped structural unit and the plane of the transparent carrier will change in the depth direction of the optical anisotropic layer. The plane angle (tilt angle) of the disc-shaped structural unit described above is usually increased when the distance from the bottom surface of the optical anisotropic layer is increased.-74- 200301374 The Jiazeng continuous change is more and more continuous and the reform is continuous. The real change. Change the package, change less, reduce less, or reduce it, increase the angle break and increase the slope, and increase the slope, and increase to the side. The interval between the increase and decrease includes the time of deep increase and the increase and decrease of the layer. The change in the thickness direction of the increase and decrease is the range where the tilt angle does not change. Even if there is a range that does not change, the tilt angle as a whole is preferably increased or decreased, and more preferably increased. It is particularly preferable that the tilt angle is continuously changed. Figure Illustratively shows an example of a typical cross-section of an optical anisotropic layer that can be used in the present invention. An optical anisotropic layer 103 is provided on the alignment film 102 formed on the transparent carrier 101. In the liquid crystal-like disc-type compounds 103a, 103b, and 103c constituting the optically anisotropic layer 103, the disc-type structural units Pa, Pb, and Pc are respectively parallel to a plane 1 0 1 a parallel to the plane of the transparent carrier 21, 1 0 1 b and 1 0 1 c are inclined. The inclination angles θ a, θ b and Θ c (angles made from the plane of the disc-shaped structural unit and the plane of the transparent carrier), when the distance from the bottom surface of the optically anisotropic layer is in the depth (thickness) direction It will increase successively as it increases. 1 04 is the normal of the transparent carrier. This liquid crystalline pan-disk type compound is a planar molecule, and therefore, the molecule has only one plane surface (in other words, a disk plane) (for example, 10a, 10b, and 10c). The tilt angle (angle) is preferably changed in a range of 5 to 8 5 ° (especially 10 to 80). As such, the tilt angle preferably has 0 to 85. (Especially from 5 to 40 °) ‘the smallest 値 and 5 to 90 ° (especially from 30 to 85 °) the maximum 値. In FIG. 10, the inclination angle (for example, Θ a) of the disc-type structural unit on the side of the carrier almost matches the minimum 値, and the inclination angle (for example, Θ c) of the disc-type structural unit is almost Maximum coincidence. Tilt angle-75- 200301374 The difference between the minimum and maximum angles is preferably from 5 to 70 ° (especially 10 to 60.). The optically anisotropic layer can usually be prepared by coating a solution (which can be prepared by dissolving a disc-type compound and other compounds in a solvent) on an alignment film, drying, and heating to a disc-type orientation. Obtained by a method of forming a nematic phase, followed by cooling while maintaining the oriented state (a disc-type nematic phase); or by a solution (which can be obtained by combining a disc-type compound with other compounds (additionally For example, polymerizable monomers and photopolymerization initiators) are prepared by dissolving in a solvent) coated on an oriented film, dried, and heated to the formation temperature of the disc nematic phase, polymerized (such as 'Under UV light), and then cooled. The disc type nematic liquid crystal phase-solid phase transition temperature which can be used in the disc type liquid crystal compound of the present invention is preferably from 70 to 300 ° C, more preferably from 70 to 170 ° C. The inclination angle of the disc-type unit on the side of the carrier can usually be adjusted, for example, by selecting a disc-type compound or an oriented film material, or by selecting a rubbing treatment method. Furthermore, the inclination angle of the disk-type unit on the surface side (air side) can usually be determined by selecting a disk-type compound or other compounds that can be used in combination with the disk-type compound (such as 'plasticizer, surface activity' Agents, polymerizable monomers and polymers). The degree of change in the tilt angle can also be adjusted by these selections. (2) Optical compensation layer-2 The optical compensation layer-2 includes a transparent carrier, an alignment film provided thereon, and an optical anisotropy layer provided on the alignment film. Figure 11 shows a typical composition. In FIG. 11, a transparent-76-200301374 carrier 121, an alignment film 122 composed of an alignment polymer, and an optically-different optical layer 1 2 3 as a liquid crystal compound layer are provided in the following order. As for the transparent carrier ', the same transparent carrier as described above for the optical compensation layer-1 can be used. The oriented film is a layer obtained by orienting a polymer layer. The optical compensation layer 2 is characterized in that the polymer of the alignment film 102 and the liquid crystal compound of the optically different orientation layer 103 are chemically bonded through the interfaces of these layers. This chemical bond between the two layers is usually formed by reacting the polymerizable group of the polymer and the polymerizable group of the liquid crystal compound. In this example, the optically anisotropic layer is preferably composed of a discotic liquid crystal compound having a negative birefringence property. The alignment film (or polymer layer) may also be composed of polyvinyl alcohol having no polymerizable group and having an aromatic group capable of easily aligning the liquid crystal compound. < Orientation film > An orientation film usable in the present invention is provided on a transparent support. The alignment film has a function of adjusting the orientation direction of a liquid crystal compound (such as a discotic liquid crystal compound), which can be provided thereon by coating, and the orientation can provide an optical axis inclined to the optically different direction layer. In the present invention, the alignment film is a polymer layer subjected to an alignment treatment such as a rubbing treatment, and the polymer has a vinyl group, a benzyl carbamate group, an aziridinyl group, or an aryl group. The polymer is preferably polyvinyl alcohol. The oriented films described below are examples referring to polyvinyl alcohol. In the polyvinyl alcohol used in the present invention, at least one hydroxyl group is substituted with a group having a vinyl moiety, a benzylphenyl carbamate moiety, or an aziridinyl moiety. This part usually passes through ether bond (-〇-) 'carbamate bond (-OCONH-), acetal bond ((-〇-) 2CH-) or ester bond (_ -77- 200301374 〇co- ) [In other words, a bonding group] is bonded to the polymer chain (carbon atom) of the polyvinyl alcohol. Among these, a urethane bond, an acetal bond, and an ester bond are preferred. Vinyl, benzylcarbamate, aziridinyl, or aryl are preferably indirectly bonded to polyvinyl alcohol through the bond described above. In other words, the group having this moiety is preferably bonded to the polyvinyl alcohol together with the bonding group. Examples of the preferred polyvinyl alcohol include JP-A-9-152509 by formula (I), Polyvinyl alcohol represented by (II), (III), (la), (Ila), and (Ilia). Specific examples thereof include compounds described in paragraphs 0060 to 006 6 and 0072 to 0095 of JP-A-9-1 5 2509. The synthesis method is described in paragraphs 0070 and 0096 to 0120 of its patent publication. < Optical anisotropic layer > The optical anisotropic layer in the optical compensation layer-2 can be obtained by forming a liquid crystal compound layer (optical anisotropic layer) on the alignment film. The liquid crystal compound may be a rod-like liquid crystal compound or a discotic liquid crystal compound, but is preferably a discotic liquid crystal compound. The funeral crystal compound preferably has a * polymerizable group for making a chemical bond with the polymer of the alignment film. These liquid crystal compounds are described, for example, in iLLLan Kagaku Soset ^ n > MEki $ ho. Kagaku " (Ji YutL, Chemistry. Emen tsof Cli st l. V), 11 D Cr vs ta 1) n), case No. 22, Japan Kagaku Kai (editor) (1994). Similarly, these compounds and specific examples are described in paragraphs 0126 to 0144 of JP-A-9-152509. < Anti-glare anti-reflection film > The anti-reflection film is described below. -78- 200301374 In the present invention, the anti-reflection film may be formed by sequentially providing an anti-glare or light-scattering film and at least one low-refractive index layer on a substrate. If necessary, a hard coating layer or the like may be further provided. FIG. 13 shows an example of the antireflection film of the present invention. This specific embodiment has a layer structure arranged in the following order, a substrate 1, a hard coating layer 2, an anti-glare or light scattering film 3, and a Low refractive index layer 4. Numeral 5 is an anti-glare particle, and the protruding portion from the anti-glare or light-scattering film is also covered by the low refractive index layer 4. The refractive index of the adhesive in the anti-glare or light-scattering film is from 1.57 to 2.00, and the refractive index of the low-refractive index layer is from 1.38 to 1.49. -Low refractive index layer-The anti-reflection of the present invention can be obtained by interference phenomenon, and it is important to generate interference phenomenon in the visible light range, especially in the wavelength range of 450 to 680 nm. For this purpose, the low refractive index layer of the anti-reflection film preferably satisfies the following formula (I): mX / 4x0.7 < n1d1 < mX / 4 > < 1.3 (I) where m is an odd number (usually 1 ), Η is the refractive index of the low refractive index layer, L is the film thickness (nanometer) of the low refractive index layer, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light. In the present invention, the low refractive index layer includes a fluorine-containing resin, preferably a fluorine-containing compound (resin) capable of being crosslinked by heat or ion radiation. The refractive index of the low-refractive index layer containing a fluorine-containing resin is from 1.38 to 1.49 ', preferably from 1.38 to 1.45. If this ratio is too low, the film strength will be reduced, and if it is too high, the anti-reflection properties will be deteriorated. The dynamic friction coefficient of this layer is preferably from 0.03 to 0.15, and more preferably from 0.07 to 0.10. If the coefficient of dynamic friction is too small, the layer slides easily and the problem becomes -79- 200301374; however, if it is too large, the abrasion resistance will decrease. Furthermore, the contact angle of this layer with water is preferably from 90 to 120 °, more preferably from 100 to 120 °. If this is too small, the antifouling properties will deteriorate. Examples of the cross-linked fluoropolymer compound contained in the low refractive index layer include a perfluoroalkyl-containing silane compound (for example, (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl) triethoxy Silane) and a fluorinated copolymer having a fluorine-containing monomer component and a monomer component for granting a crosslinking group as constituent components. Specific examples of the fluoromonomer component include fluoroolefins (for example, fluoroethylene, difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro-2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-di Aromatic), (meth) acrylic acid partially or fully fluorinated alkyl ester derivatives (for example, BISCOTE 6FM (manufactured by Osaka Yuki Kagaku), M-2020 (manufactured by Daikin)) and fully or Partly fluorinated vinyl ethers. Examples of the monomer component for granting a cross-linking group include (meth) acrylate monomers (such as glycidyl methacrylate) having a cross-linking functional group in advance in the molecule, and having a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, (Meth) acrylate monomers such as amine, sulfonic acid, or similar groups (such as (meth) acrylic acid, methylol (meth) acrylate, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, and allyl acrylate ). In the latter case, it is well known in JP-A-10-25388 and JP-A-10-147739 that a crosslinked structure can be introduced after copolymerization. Not only a polymer having a fluorine monomer described above may be used as a constituent unit, but also a copolymer of a monomer containing no fluorine atom may be used. The monomer units which can be used in combination are not particularly limited. Examples thereof include olefins (for example, ethylene, propylene, isoprene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride), acrylates -80- (for example, methyl acrylate Esters, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methacrylates (eg, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethylene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) Esters), styrene derivatives (e.g., styrene, divinylbenzene, vinyl toluene, α-methylstyrene), vinyl ethers (e.g., methyl vinyl ether), vinyl esters (e.g., Vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl cinnamate), acrylamides (for example, N-tertiary butylacrylamide, N-cyclohexylacrylamide), methacrylamide and acrylonitrile Derivatives. The thickness of the low-refractive index layer is preferably from 0.08 to 0.15 μm, and more preferably from 0.09 to 0.1 2 μm. Similarly, two or more layers of low refractive index layers having different constituent components and having a refractive index specified in detail in the present invention may be provided. -Anti-glare layer-The refractive index of the adhesive which can be used to constitute the anti-glare or light-scattering film of the present invention is from 1.57 to 2.00, preferably from 1.60 to 1.80. If this is too low or too high, the anti-reflection properties will decrease. Examples of the adhesive include polymers having a saturated hydrocarbon or a polyether as a main chain. Polymers having saturated hydrocarbons as the main chain are preferred. Furthermore, the polymer is preferably crosslinked. A polymer having a saturated hydrocarbon as a main chain can be preferably obtained by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. In order to obtain a crosslinked polymer, a monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups is preferably used. Examples of the monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups include polyhydric alcohols and esters of (meth) acrylic acid (for example, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-cyclohexyl diacrylate) Alkyl esters, isopentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate 200301374, isopentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, trihydroxymethylpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylol tri (meth) acrylate Ethyl ethane ester, diisopentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, diisopentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, diisopentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, tetramethacrylic acid 1, 2,3-cyclohexane, polyacrylic polyurethane, polyacrylic polyester), vinylbenzene and its derivatives (for example, 1,4-diethyl benzene, 4-ethyl benzoic acid -2-propanylethylethyl, 1,4--vinyl, sorrowful, and oxidized (e.g., diethyl; (: Xi Feng), propanamide (e.g., Methylbispropene amine) and methacrylamide. After coating, this monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group needs to be irradiated or heated by ions. It is hardened by polymerization. This reaction can be carried out by a fairly well-known method, and if necessary, a photopolymerization initiator or a photosensitizer can be used. Instead of or in addition to a monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups In vitro, a cross-linked structure can be introduced into a polymer by reacting the cross-linking group. Examples of the cross-linking Luneng group include an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, an aziridine group, and an oxazoline group Groups, aldehyde groups, carbonyl groups, hydrazine groups, carboxyl groups, methylol groups, and activated methylene groups. Similarly, vinyl sulfonic acids, acid anhydrides, cyanoacrylate derivatives, maleamines, etherified Hydroxymethyl, esters and urethanes, and metal alkoxides (such as tetramethoxysilane) are used as monomers to introduce a parent structure. Functional groups that have cross-linking properties as a result of decomposition can also be used. Such as blocking isocyanate groups. In the present invention, the cross-linking group is not limited to the compounds described above, but may be a functional group that is reactive and has decomposition results. After coating This compound with a crosslinking group -82- 200301374 requires It should be crosslinked by heating or a similar method. A polymer having a polyether as a main chain can be preferably synthesized by a ring-opening polymerization reaction of a polyfunctional epoxy compound. In the present invention, in order to prevent glare The adhesive of the light scattering film has the purpose of the refractive index in the range described above. In addition to the monomers described above, the adhesive can also be used by using a monomer with a high refractive index or an inorganic ultrafine refractive index. The high refractive index monomer preferably contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ring, a halogen atom other than a fluorine atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, and a nitrogen atom in the monomer structure. Examples of the refractive index monomer include bis (4-methacrylfluorenylthienyl) sulfide, vinylnaphthalene, vinylphenylsulfide, and 4-methacryloxyphenyl-4'-methoxy Phenyl sulfide. In the present invention, the amount of the high refractive index monomer used can be adjusted so that the adhesive has a target refractive index. The high refractive index inorganic ultrafine particles are preferably ultrafine particles composed of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of titanium, aluminum indium, zinc, tin, antimony, and zirconium, and have 100 nanometers. Rice or smaller, more preferably 50 nm or smaller. Examples of such ultrafine particles include Ti02, Al203, In203, ZnO, Sn02, Sb203, ITO, and Zr02. The inorganic ultrafine particle component in the adhesive is preferably from 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably from 20 to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the anti-glare or light-scattering film. In the case where the adhesive is composed of a monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, the high refractive index fine particles described above do not scatter because the particle size of the fine particles is sufficiently small to exceed the wavelength of light And, the adhesive-8 3-200301374 optical performance of the adhesive is like a homogeneous substance. This description is, for example, in jp-A-8-1 1 0 4 0 1. In anti-glare or light-scattering films, anti-glare particles composed of resin or inorganic compounds can be further used to impart anti-glare properties and prevent reflection coefficients. The purpose of deterioration (due to interference from the lower layer) and preventing uneven color. In the present invention, the surface scattering occurs due to anti-glare particles dispersed in the adhesive, so the anti-glare or light-scattering film has no optical interference effect. If anti-glare particles are not included, optical interference will occur due to the difference in refractive index from the underlying layer, so the reflection coefficient will be greatly changed due to its wavelength dependence; as a result, anti-glare and anti-reflection effects will be reduced, while uneven s color. However, in the present invention, these problems can be overcome by the scattering effect of the surface irregularity of the anti-glare or light-diffusing film. The average particle size of the anti-glare particles is preferably from 1.0 to 10 microns, and more preferably from 1.5 to 5.0 microns. In the anti-glare or light-scattering film, the proportion of anti-glare particles having a particle size smaller than the thickness of the adhesive film is preferably less than 50% (by weight) of the total anti-glare particles. The amount of the coated anti-glare particles is preferably from 10 to 1,000 mg / m 2 and more preferably from 30 to 100 mg / m 2. The particle size distribution can be measured using a Coulter counter method, a centrifuge precipitation method, or the like, but the distribution is calculated as a particle number distribution. The thickness of the anti-glare or light-scattering film is preferably 0.5 to 10 microns, and more preferably 1 to 5 microns. Similarly, to reduce internal scattering in the anti-glare or light-scattering film, the refractive index difference between the adhesive and the anti-glare particles in the anti-glare or light-scattering film is preferably less than 0.05. . -8-200301374-Substrate-In the present invention, a preferable substrate can be appropriately selected as the substrate for the antireflection film. In particular, transparent carriers can be used. The transparent carrier is preferably a plastic film. Examples of the polymer constituting the plastic film include cellulose esters (eg, triethyl cellulose, diethyl cellulose), polyamide, polycarbonate, polyesters (eg, polyethylene terephthalate) Diester, polyethylene naphthalate), polystyrene and polyolefin. Among these, triethylfluorenyl cellulose is preferred. Triethyl cellulose is preferably used as a protective film for a polarizing film for protecting a polarizing plate. Therefore, this protective film can be used as a substrate, and the antireflection film can be provided on the protective film as it is, considering Cost is better. • Hard coating layer-In the present invention, a hard coating layer can be optionally provided between the anti-glare or light-scattering film and the substrate. A hard coating may be provided or two or more hard coatings of different constituent components may be provided. Examples of the compound constituting the hard coating include (similar to an adhesive of an anti-glare or light-scattering film) a polymer having a saturated hydrocarbon or a polyether as a main chain. The thickness of the hard coating layer is preferably 1 to 10 micrometers, more preferably 3 to 6 micrometers.-Formation method-Each layer of anti-reflection film can be used by dip coating method, air knife coating method, curtain coating method , A roll coating method, a bar coating method, a gravure coating method, or an extrusion coating method (see, U.S. Patent 2,681, 2 94) 200301374. Two or more layers can be applied simultaneously. The simultaneous coating method is described in U.S. Patents 2,761,791, 2,941,898, 3,508,947, 3,526,528 and Yuji Harasaki, Coat i n Kogaku (Mffi (Coating

Engineering)), p. 253, Asakura Shoten (1973) 0

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Claims (1)

Patent application scope 1. A long polarizing plate comprising a transparent protective film, a polarizing film, and an optical compensation layer in the following order, wherein the optical compensation layer includes a transparent carrier and an optical anisotropic layer, the optical anisotropic layer The directional layer contains a liquid crystal molecule, and the polarizing film has an absorption axis that is not parallel or perpendicular to the phase backward axis of the transparent carrier. 2. The long polarizing plate according to item 1 of the patent application, wherein the optical anisotropic layer is a layer having a negative birefringence property and containing a compound having a disc-type structural unit, and a disc of the disc-type structural unit. The plane is in an inclined relationship with the plane of the transparent carrier, wherein the angle made by the disc plane of the disc-type structural unit and the plane of the transparent carrier is different in the thickness direction of the optically anisotropic layer. 3. The long polarizing plate according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the optical compensation layer has an alignment film containing an alignment polymer between the transparent carrier and the optically different direction layer, and the alignment polymer and the optically different direction layer have an alignment film. Liquid crystal molecules are chemically bonded through the interface between the optically-different layer and the alignment film. 4. A polarizing plate comprising a transparent protective film, a polarizing film, and an optical compensation layer in the following order, wherein the optical compensation layer includes a transparent carrier and an optical anisotropic layer ', and the optical anisotropic layer includes a liquid crystal molecule , The angle made by the phase lag axis of the protective film and the absorption axis of the polarizing film is 〇0. To 90. 〇 · The polarizing plate according to item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the optical anisotropic layer 200301374 is a layer having a negative birefringence property and containing a compound having a disc-type structural unit. The disc plane and the transparent carrier plane are in an inclined relationship, wherein the angles made by the disc plane of the disc-type structural unit and the transparent carrier plane are different in the thickness direction of the optically anisotropic layer. 6. The polarizing plate according to item 4 of the patent application scope, wherein the optical compensation layer has an alignment film containing an alignment polymer between the transparent carrier and the optical anisotropy layer, and the liquid crystal of the alignment polymer and the optical anisotropy layer The sub-phis are chemically bonded through the interface between the optical anisotropic layer and the alignment film. 7. The long polarizing plate according to item 1 of the patent application scope, which includes a low refractive index layer containing a fluorine resin and has a refractive index of 1.3 to 1.49. 8 · If the long polarizing plate of item 1 of the patent application scope includes an anti-glare or light scattering layer containing an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is 1. 57 to 2. 00 009 · if the patent application scope of the first An item of long polarizing plate comprising an antireflection film having a low refractive index layer and an anti-glare or light scattering layer, wherein the low refractive index layer includes a fluorine-containing resin and the refractive index is 1.38 to 1. 49. The anti-glare or light-scattering layer includes an adhesive having a refractive index of 1.57 to 2.0. 1 0 · —A method of manufacturing a polarizing plate as described in any one of items 1 to 9 of the scope of the patent application, which comprises: combining a polarizing film or polarizing plate in the form of a roll with optical in the form of a roll The compensation layer is adhered in a roll-to-roll manner to combine the polarized thin film or polarizer with the optical compensation layer and form a roll, wherein the light-88- 200301374 science compensation layer includes a transparent carrier and the optical difference The orientation layer contains a liquid crystal molecule, and a polarizing plate as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is punched out from the combined roll, wherein the polarizing film in the form of a roll · uses a stretch method Manufacturing, the method includes: clamping two edges of a continuously fed polymer film by a clamping device; and stretching the film when the clamping device travels in the longitudinal direction of the film and applies tension to the film, Among them, when L 1 represents the track from the substantial clamping starting point of the clamping device to one edge of the polymer film to the substantial clamping release point, and L 2 represents the substantial clamping of the other edge of the polymer film by the clamping device. When the track from the starting point to the substantial clamping release point and W represents the distance between the two substantial clamping release points, L1, L2, and W satisfy the relationship represented by the following formula (丨), and the vertical conveying speed between the right and left film clamping equipment The difference is less than 1%: ® Formula (1) I L2-L1 I > 0.4 W 1 1 · The manufacturing method of a polarizing plate as described in the patent application No. 丨 0, wherein the polymer film for the polarizing film is stretched at one time To 2 to 10 times, while allowing 10% or more volatile components to be present, and then shrinking by 10% or more. 1 2 · The method of manufacturing a polarizing plate according to the scope of the patent application No. 丨 0, wherein the polymer film is maintained while supporting the polymer film while being stretched, and at the same time 5% or more volatile component percentage is allowed to exist And then shrink when the percentage of volatile constituents is reduced by -89- 200301374. 1 3. The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate according to any one of the items 10 to 12 in the scope of patent application, wherein the polymer film for the polarizing film is a polyvinyl alcohol film 0 1 4 The method of manufacturing a polarizing plate, wherein the polarizing plate is adsorbed to a polyvinyl alcohol film for a polarizing film before or after stretching. 1 5 · The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate according to any one of claims 10 to 14 in the scope of patent application, wherein the polymer film for the polarizing film is stretched using the method described in item 10 in the scope of patent application, and then Shrink to reduce the percentage of volatile components, then attach a transparent protective film to at least one surface of the polarizing film, and then post-heat the adhered film. 16 · The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate according to any one of the claims 10 to 15 'wherein the polymer film for the polarizing film is stretched by the method described in the claim 10 Reduce the percentage of volatile components to shrink, and then attach a transparent protective film to at least one side of the polarizing film. At the same time or after the adhesion, an optical compensation layer is further attached to at least one side of the polarizing film to which the transparent protective film has been attached. . 17. The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate according to any one of claims 10 to 16 in the scope of patent application, wherein the film having a low refractive index layer and an anti-glare or light scattering layer is continuously adhered to one side of the polarizing film The surface is provided with an anti-reflection film, wherein the low refractive index layer includes a fluorine-containing resin and the refractive index is 1,38 to 1.49, the anti-glare or light scattering layer includes an adhesive, and the refractive index of the adhesive From 1.57 to 2.00. -90- 200301374 1 8. The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate according to any one of claims 10 to 16 in which a low refractive index layer and an anti-glare or light scattering film are coated on the protective film In order to provide an anti-reflection film, the low refractive index layer includes a fluorine-containing resin and has a refractive index of 1.38 to 1.49; the anti-glare or light scattering layer includes an adhesive, and the refractive index of the adhesive 1 · 5 7 to 2.00 ° 1 9. A long polarizing plate comprising: a polarizing film whose stretch axis is not parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; and a low refractive index layer which contains a fluororesin and has a refractive index 1.38 to 1.49 ° 2 0. A long polarizing plate comprising: a polarizing film whose stretch axis is not parallel or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; and an anti-glare or light scattering layer containing an adhesive, the adhesive The refractive index of the agent is 1.57 to 2.00. 21. A long polarizing plate comprising: a polarizing film having a stretch axis not parallel or perpendicular to a longitudinal direction; and an anti-reflective film including a low refractive index layer and an anti-glare or light scattering layer, wherein: The low-refractive index layer includes a fluororesin and has a refractive index of 1.38 to 1.49. The anti-glare or light scattering layer includes an adhesive having a refractive index of 1.57 to 2.0. 2 2. A liquid crystal display having at least one polarizing plate punched out by a polarizing plate as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, 7 to 9 and 19 to 21, The polarizing plate is described in any one of items 4 to 6 in the patent application range -91-200301374, and the manufacturing method of the polarizing plate is described in any one of the 10 to 19 items in the patent application range. .