WO2015152379A1 - 燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔、燃料電池セパレータ、燃料電池、及び、燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔、燃料電池セパレータ、燃料電池、及び、燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015152379A1 WO2015152379A1 PCT/JP2015/060489 JP2015060489W WO2015152379A1 WO 2015152379 A1 WO2015152379 A1 WO 2015152379A1 JP 2015060489 W JP2015060489 W JP 2015060489W WO 2015152379 A1 WO2015152379 A1 WO 2015152379A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- foil
- titanium
- fuel cell
- tio
- cell separator
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/12—Oxidising using elemental oxygen or ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/10—Other heavy metals
- C23G1/106—Other heavy metals refractory metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
- C25D9/12—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes on light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
- H01M8/0208—Alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0215—Glass; Ceramic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0221—Organic resins; Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0226—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite metal foil for use in a solid polymer fuel cell separator having a low contact resistance for use in an automobile powered by electric power or a power generation system, a fuel cell separator produced by processing the composite metal foil,
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell using the fuel cell separator and a method for producing a composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a fuel cell that uses hydrogen (fuel) and oxygen and uses a hydrogen ion selective permeation organic membrane as an electrolyte.
- hydrogen hydrogen obtained by reforming alcohols is used in addition to pure hydrogen.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a structure in which a solid polymer membrane, an electrode, and a gas diffusion layer (Membrane Electrode Assembly, hereinafter referred to as “MEA”) are both pressed with a separator. It is composed of a large number of layers.
- MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
- the separator has good electronic conductivity, good separation between oxygen and hydrogen at both electrodes, low contact resistance with MEA, and good durability in the environment inside the fuel cell. Something is required. Since the MEA gas diffusion layer (Gas Diffusion Layer, GDL) is generally composed of carbon paper in which carbon fibers are integrated, the separator is required to have good carbon contact conductivity.
- GDL Gas Diffusion Layer
- Carbon separators are the mainstream, but metal separators are superior in strength and ductility compared to carbon separators, and can be pressed without causing cracks in the metal separator materials. Since the channel (projection and groove) can be formed, it can be mass-produced.
- the metal separator can make the fuel cell compact, it is essential to put a metal separator having good conductivity against carbon to practical use for mass production and spread of the fuel cell.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 As a material for the metal separator, stainless steel and titanium are known. However, since the contact resistance against carbon is large as it is, many techniques for reducing this have been proposed (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4). 18).
- Patent Document 19 discloses that a conductive agent is applied to at least one surface of a metal substrate.
- a fuel cell separator is disclosed in which a mixed synthetic resin layer is formed and a conductive filler is immersed under the surface of the synthetic resin layer.
- the separator for a fuel cell of Patent Document 19 is formed by immersing a conductive filler below the surface of a synthetic resin layer and then forming a gas flow path by pressing.
- This synthetic resin layer is formed by laminating a plurality of single cells.
- the fuel cell is provided between adjacent single cells, and is not provided inside the fuel cell which is easily corroded.
- Patent Document 19 describes the contact resistance of the separator covered with the synthetic resin layer, but does not describe the corrosion resistance against the solution inside the fuel cell, and in actual use, it is conductive due to corrosion. May be inferior in terms of long-term corrosion resistance.
- an ultrafine ink jet apparatus is used to discharge a solution containing a conductive metal ultrafine particle paste onto the surface of a separator substrate by an ink jet method, and after forming a coating surface, the conductive material manufactured by annealing is used.
- a fuel cell separator including a surface treatment layer having heat resistance and corrosion resistance is disclosed.
- the separator for a fuel cell in Patent Document 20 can be selectively provided with a conductive surface treatment layer at any part of the uneven separator.
- a method is not disclosed, and it is generally very difficult to produce a separator having excellent conductivity even when a conductive surface treatment layer is formed on the surface of a separator base material with low conductivity. Not only is it difficult, but the region not covered with the surface treatment layer may be corroded by direct contact with the solution in the fuel cell, and the conductivity of the separator may be reduced.
- Patent Document 21 includes an application step of applying a thermosetting resin paste containing a conductive material to a separator conductive plate, a processing step of processing the separator conductive plate applied with the thermosetting resin paste into an uneven shape, Stacking multiple single-cell preforms, each of which has separator conductive plates processed into irregularities on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly, assembling the stack preform, and heating the stack preform to heat
- a method for manufacturing a fuel cell includes a joining step in which a curable resin is cured and joined.
- Patent Document 21 is intended to use a thermosetting resin paste having corrosion resistance instead of solder that is easily deteriorated in a use environment for joining necessary for stack assembly. There is no mention of or conductivity.
- Metal separators for polymer electrolyte fuel cells must have long-term corrosion resistance that can withstand the internal environment of the fuel cell for a long period of time.
- Patent Documents 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 disclose that when a fluorine-based solid polymer is used for an electrolyte membrane, a small amount of fluorine is eluted to generate a hydrogen fluoride environment. Patent Document 26 discloses that the pH of the effluent is about 3 experimentally.
- Patent Document 27 discloses that the corrosion resistance test temperature is 80 to 100 ° C.
- Patent Documents 23 and 26 disclose that corrosion resistance is evaluated using an 80 ° C. aqueous solution in which fluorine is dissolved.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that the addition of about 2 ppm or about 20 ppm of fluorine to a pH 3 sulfuric acid aqueous solution promotes the discoloration of titanium.
- Patent Document 28 discloses that the amount of fluorine in an aqueous solution is 50 ppm.
- the titanium discoloration phenomenon is a phenomenon in which titanium dissolves and re-deposits on the surface as an oxide, whereby an oxide film grows, resulting in interference color. Since the re-deposited oxide hinders contact conductivity, the environment in which fluorine is eluted in a solid fuel cell is a severe environment for titanium. Therefore, in the solid fuel cell, it is necessary to further increase the durability of the separator so as not to increase the contact resistance.
- Patent Document 29 discloses a stainless steel material for a separator of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which includes a stainless steel base material, an oxide film provided on the surface of the stainless steel base material, and a nonmetallic property provided on the surface of the oxide film.
- a stainless steel material comprising a conductive layer comprising a conductive material (graphitic carbon) and a conductive material (boride-based metal inclusion) penetrating the oxide film and electrically connected to the stainless steel base material and the conductive layer is disclosed. ing.
- the separator When a stainless steel material is used as a fuel cell separator, the separator is usually plated with Au in order to maintain corrosion resistance.
- Patent Document 29 an inexpensive graphitic carbon and a binder are used for cost reduction. It is disclosed that even if used, corrosion resistance equivalent to Au plating can be obtained.
- Patent Document 29 what kind of substance is effective as a resinous binder for applying graphitic carbon, and as a resinous binder for applying to a metal separator for fuel cells. What characteristics are required is not described.
- Patent Document 29 describes that the binder preferably includes at least one of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), but two desirable types are described as examples. There is only.
- Patent Document 30 describes that repeated fatigue is applied to the surface of the metal separator and the surface of the gas diffusion layer due to thermal expansion and contraction of the fuel cell due to repeated power generation.
- Patent Document 31 describes a fuel cell separator in which a conductive film is formed on the surface of a metal substrate.
- a conductive film is formed on the surface of a metal substrate.
- TiO as a titanium oxide on the surface of the titanium base material.
- the natural oxide film on the surface of the titanium is simply thinned by fluoric acid pickling, the amount of TiO is insufficient. There is no mention of surface roughness.
- JP 2010-343375 A JP 2005-004998 A JP 2007-157387 A JP 2005-209399 A JP 2005-056776 A JP 2005-038823 A JP 2010-108673 A JP 2009-238560 A JP 2006-156288 A JP 2010-182558 A JP 2010-140886 A JP 2006-134640 A JP 2010-27262 A
- Patent Document 29 describes that the binder preferably contains at least one of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PVDF and graphite Carbon was mixed, PTFE and graphitic carbon were mixed, applied to a stainless steel foil as a separator, and a follow-up experiment was conducted to investigate the corrosion resistance in an environment containing a high concentration of fluorine ions.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF and PTFE are not easily mixed uniformly with graphitic carbon, and
- the corrosion resistance of the separator against a small amount of fluorine ions is very important as the durability of the fuel cell.
- it is required to improve the durability of the separator against repeated load fatigue generated on the surface of the metal separator and the gas diffusion layer due to thermal expansion and contraction of the fuel cell due to repeated power generation.
- this invention makes it a subject to improve the corrosion resistance with respect to the fluorine ion of the separator for fuel cells, and the tolerance with respect to load fatigue, and it aims at providing the metal foil for fuel cell separators of a low contact resistance which solves this subject. To do. It is another object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell separator produced by processing the metal foil, a fuel cell using the fuel cell separator, and a method for producing a composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator.
- the present inventors examined combinations of carbonaceous powder and various resins on the assumption that a coating agent obtained by mixing a carbonaceous powder and a resin is used as a coating agent to be applied to a fuel cell metal separator. As a result, it was found that the coating agent composed of the carbonaceous powder and the fluorine-based resin does not exhibit sufficient corrosion resistance in an environment where fluorine ions are present.
- fluorine-based resins exhibit sufficient chemical resistance in an environment where fluorine ions are present in the surroundings, and fluorine-based resin baths and jigs are used in semiconductor fluorine-based solution processing. Yes. Therefore, the present inventors examined the reason why the coating agent of the combination of the carbonaceous powder and the fluororesin does not show sufficient corrosion resistance with respect to the stainless steel foil thereunder, and estimated as follows.
- the surface of the carbonaceous powder and the fluorine-based resin do not have a good affinity, it is difficult to apply the mixture of the carbonaceous powder and the fluorine-based resin to the surface of the stainless steel foil in a mixed state where both are completely familiar. Also, the adhesion between the fluororesin and the metal substrate is usually low.
- the titanium foil retains its durability due to the oxide film on the surface, but this oxide film is insulative and the conductivity of the titanium foil is low.
- the present inventors have (i) if the titanium foil is processed under the required conditions, TiO is generated and dispersed in the oxide film, and a conductive film is formed on the surface of the titanium foil.
- a conductive layer is formed by applying a mixture of materials having affinity for titanium (for example, silver powder and resin) on the conductive film to form a conductive layer. It has been found that the durability of the separator with respect to a low pH solution and a solution containing fluorine ions is improved.
- the fine protrusions are densely distributed on the titanium surface, thereby improving the adhesion between the titanium foil and the conductive layer and enhancing the resistance to load fatigue that occurs in the environment of thermal expansion and contraction of the fuel cell due to repeated power generation. I found out that I could do it.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- a composite metal foil in which the surface of a titanium foil or a titanium alloy foil is coated with a conductive layer (I) On the surface of the titanium foil or titanium alloy foil, in the X-ray diffraction peak of the surface of the titanium foil or titanium alloy foil, the maximum intensity (I TiO ) of the diffraction peak of TiO and the maximum intensity of the diffraction peak of titanium metal (I TiO composition ratio obtained from Ti ): [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] is 0.5% or more, a conductive film in which TiO is dispersed in an oxide film is formed, (Ii) the conductive layer is (Ii-1) Silver particles having an average particle size of 10 nm to 500 nm: 20 to 90% by mass, (Ii-2) Dispersant: 0.2 to 1.0% by mass, and (Ii-3) The balance: made of acrylic resin or epoxy resin, (Ii-4) A composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator, characterized by having a thickness of 5 to
- [6] A method for producing the composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator according to any one of [1] to [5], (I) After the immersion treatment of immersing the titanium foil or titanium alloy foil in a non-oxidizing acid, or after subjecting the titanium foil or titanium alloy foil to cathodic electrolytic treatment, heat treatment is carried out to obtain a titanium foil or titanium alloy.
- the TiO structure obtained from the maximum intensity (I TiO ) of the diffraction peak of TiO and the maximum intensity (I Ti ) of the diffraction peak of titanium metal Rate: [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] is 0.5% or more, forming a conductive film in which TiO is dispersed in an oxide film, (Ii) In the conductive film, (Ii-1) Silver particles having an average particle size of 10 nm to 500 nm: 20 to 90% by mass, (Ii-2) Dispersant: 0.2 to 1.0% by mass, and (Ii-3) Remaining: Apply conductive paint having acrylic resin or epoxy resin and dry, (Ii-4) A method for producing a composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator, wherein a conductive layer having a thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m is formed.
- a fuel cell separator comprising the composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator according to any one of [1] to [5] as a base material.
- a fuel cell comprising the fuel cell separator according to [11].
- a composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator having excellent corrosion resistance against fluorine ions, a fuel cell separator produced by processing the metal foil, a fuel cell using the fuel cell separator, and The manufacturing method of the composite metal foil for fuel cell separators can be provided. Further, the adhesion between the titanium foil and the conductive layer is improved, and the resistance to load fatigue that occurs in the environment of thermal expansion and contraction of the fuel cell due to repeated power generation can be increased.
- the composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “the present metal foil”) is a composite metal foil in which the surface of a titanium foil or a titanium alloy foil is coated with a conductive layer, (I) On the surface of the titanium foil or titanium alloy foil, in the X-ray diffraction peak of the surface of the titanium foil or titanium alloy foil, the maximum intensity (I TiO ) of the diffraction peak of TiO and the maximum intensity of the diffraction peak of titanium metal (I TiO composition ratio obtained from Ti ): [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] is 0.5% or more, a conductive film in which TiO is dispersed in an oxide film is formed, (Ii) the conductive layer is (Ii-1) Silver particles having an average particle size of 10 nm to 500 nm: 20 to 90% by mass, (Ii-2) Dispersant: 0.2 to 1.0% by mass, and (Ii-3) The balance: made of acrylic resin or
- titanium base used as the base in the metal foil of the present invention
- titanium base is not limited to titanium or a titanium alloy having a specific composition or characteristics. However, since it may process into a separator which has an uneven
- An oxide film of a passive film is usually formed on the surface of a titanium or titanium alloy (titanium base) foil (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “titanium-based foil”). Although the oxide film is insulative, the surface of the titanium base foil is subjected to a necessary treatment to generate and disperse TiO in the oxide film.
- an insulating oxide film is formed on the surface of the titanium base foil.
- the present inventors perform a necessary treatment on the surface of the titanium base material to thereby form the oxide film.
- TiO was dispersed therein to form a conductive film to produce a conductive titanium-based foil.
- the method of dispersing TiO in the oxide film on the surface of the titanium base foil is not particularly limited to a specific method.
- the titanium substrate is subjected to a treatment of (x) hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, which is a non-oxidizing acid, or (y) cathodic electrolysis, and further subjected to a necessary heat treatment to obtain a titanium base.
- the surface of the foil is a surface on which a TiO diffraction peak can be detected by X-ray diffraction measured at an incident angle of 0.15 to 3 °.
- titanium hydride is generated on the surface of the titanium base foil.
- This titanium hydride is oxidized by oxygen in the atmosphere at the time of the subsequent heat treatment, but the oxidation of the titanium hydride is suppressed by the hydrogen contained in the titanium hydride, so that the titanium hydride is a TiO 2 before reaching TiO 2 having poor conductivity. It is estimated that it will remain stable in this state.
- Titanium oxide like TiO, improves conductivity when oxygen is deficient with respect to the stoichiometric composition. Dispersion of TiO having high conductivity in the oxide film on the surface of the titanium base foil improves the conductivity of the oxide film (conductive film).
- the conductive film preferably has a TiO composition ratio: [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] satisfying the following formula. [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] ⁇ 0.5% I TiO : Maximum intensity of X-ray diffraction peak of TiO I Ti : Maximum intensity of X-ray diffraction peak of metal Ti
- TiO composition ratio [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] is an index indicating the composition ratio of TiO on the surface of the titanium base foil.
- the TiO composition ratio is limited to 0.5% or more. It is preferably 2.0% or more from the viewpoint of stably securing conductivity.
- the TiO composition ratio: [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] is preferably as high as possible, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but 10% is obtained.
- titanium-based separator When a separator made of a titanium-based foil having a conductive film (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “titanium-based separator”) is used in an aqueous solution containing a high concentration of fluorine ions, the conductive film dissolves, It is expected that the required characteristics of the fuel cell will deteriorate over the long term.
- the present inventors investigated the durability by immersing a titanium-based separator having a conductive film in an aqueous solution containing a high concentration of fluorine ions. As a result, it has been found that the environment containing fluorine ions affects the durability of the titanium-based separator.
- the present inventors decided to form a coating layer for protecting the conductive film on the surface of the titanium-based separator on the conductive film, which has the same effect as gold plating and is economically advantageous.
- Various coating layer materials were studied.
- silver and copper are precious metals with little chemical change.
- Silver is about 1/60 the price of gold and platinum, and is relatively inexpensive. Since copper is more reactive than silver, copper is not preferable as a material that maintains long-term durability.
- the conductive paint is a mixture of silver particles, a resin, a dispersant, and a predetermined amount of solvent. When this is applied to the surface of the titanium base foil (conductive film) and dried, a conductive layer is formed.
- Examples of the resin blended in the conductive paint include melamine resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and vinyl chloride resin.
- the resin has good adhesion to the silver particles and the titanium base foil, and of course does not deteriorate in the driving temperature of the fuel cell (around 80 ° C.) or in the sulfuric acid solution containing fluorine ions at a low pH. is necessary.
- the present inventors investigated a resin that hardly deteriorates in the above temperature environment and solution environment.
- vinyl chloride resin cannot be used because its heat-resistant temperature is 60 to 80 ° C., which is lower than the driving temperature of the fuel cell.
- unsaturated polyester resins and polyurethane resins cannot be used because they are likely to be hydrolyzed in sulfuric acid solution at high temperature and low pH.
- the present inventors examined whether or not various resins satisfy the condition that they are hardly deteriorated in the above temperature environment and solution environment. As a result, it was finally found that acrylic resin and epoxy resin satisfy the above conditions.
- the molecular weight of the resin used is preferably 10,000 to 50,000, and the hardness of the conductive layer (the hardness after the conductive coating is dried) is The pencil hardness is preferably H to 2H.
- the silver particles mixed with the resin were initially particles having a diameter of about 1 ⁇ m, but the conductivity could not be stably secured. This is because the fluidity of the conductive paint is reduced, the distribution of silver in the conductive layer becomes uneven, and the contact between the silver particles and the surface of the silver particles and the titanium base foil is poor. It is believed that there is.
- the titanium-based separator In order to stably maintain the conductivity of the titanium-based separator, it is necessary to increase the amount of silver. However, when the compounding amount of silver is increased, the conductive coating cannot be uniformly applied on the titanium-based separator, and microscopic defects such as pinholes are generated in the conductive layer. It has been found that when the titanium-based separator is placed in an environment containing fluorine ions, the fluorine ions penetrate into the defects of the conductive layer and easily come into contact with the conductive film, and the titanium-based foil corrodes.
- the present inventors have both a polar part and a non-polar part, have a wide molecular weight, and have a relatively easily available carboxylic acid group (including those having a carbon branch). Or, unsaturated fatty acids were considered optimal. As a result of the study, it was found that saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid are optimal.
- the dispersant having a carboxyl group is preferably composed of at least one fatty acid represented by the following chemical formulas (a) and (b).
- the blending amount of the dispersant blended in the conductive paint is affected by the amount of silver particles, and is preferably 0.2 to 1.0% by mass with respect to 20 to 90% by mass of silver particles.
- the blending amount of the dispersing agent is less than 0.2% by mass, the silver particles are aggregated to make the dispersion non-uniform, and the conductivity of the conductive layer is lowered.
- the blending amount of the dispersant exceeds 1.0% by mass, contact failure of silver particles occurs, and the conductivity of the conductive layer is also lowered.
- the thickness of the conductive layer needs to be 5 to 50 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, there is a high possibility that microscopic defects such as pinholes are generated in the conductive layer, and a solution containing fluorine ions at low pH penetrates into the defects in the conductive layer. And the corrosion resistance of the titanium-based separator is reduced. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the dispersion of silver particles in the conductive layer becomes non-uniform, and the conductivity decreases.
- the conductive layer when the conductive layer is applied to a relatively smooth titanium foil surface, the conductive layer is repeatedly applied in an environment where repeated fatigue is caused on the surface of the metal separator and the gas diffusion layer due to thermal expansion and contraction of the fuel cell due to repeated power generation.
- RSm of the titanium surface roughness is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m, and Ra is preferably 0.05 to 0.50 ⁇ m.
- the conductive paint forming the conductive layer is produced as follows and applied to the conductive film of the titanium base foil.
- conductive paint A predetermined amount of a solvent (for example, toluene) and a dispersant (for example, oleic acid) are placed in a 100 ml screw bottle, and stirred with a stirrer to dissolve the dispersant. A predetermined amount of silver particles is mixed there and kneaded in a rolling mill for 12 hours. After kneading, a resin (for example, acrylic resin ACRYDIC52-204, manufactured by DIC) is blended and stirred with a stirring rod.
- a solvent for example, toluene
- a dispersant for example, oleic acid
- the performance of the metal foil of the present invention is evaluated by an accelerated deterioration test.
- the accelerated deterioration test will be described.
- Titanium base foil having a conductive film on the surface Titanium base foil is immersed in (x) hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, which is a non-oxidizing acid, under predetermined conditions, or (y) predetermined conditions Cathodic electrolysis, followed by heating at a predetermined temperature.
- separator-based titanium-based foil having a conductive layer on the outermost surface
- a predetermined amount of solvent (toluene) and a dispersing agent for example, oleic acid
- a predetermined amount of silver particles is mixed there and kneaded in a rolling mill for 12 hours.
- a resin for example, acrylic resin ACRYDIC 52-204, manufactured by DIC
- a stir bar for example, a resin
- This conductive paint is dropped onto the titanium base foil with a dropper and applied with a bar coater. After application, the film is dried to form a conductive layer on the surface of the titanium base foil to obtain a titanium base foil for a separator.
- test piece (about 30 mm x 50 mm) was taken from the separator titanium base foil prepared in (2) above, and this test piece was placed in an 80 ° C sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing 100 ppm fluorine ions at pH 3 For 4 days, and an accelerated deterioration test was conducted.
- a pH 3 sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing 100 ppm of fluorine ions is placed in a plastic container (inner diameter 38 mm ⁇ height 75 mm) and held in a constant temperature water bath that can be maintained at 80 ° C.
- the test piece was immersed for 4 days, and after the immersion, contact resistance (unit: m ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ) was measured. Note that the contact resistance of the same test piece was also measured before the accelerated deterioration test.
- the contact resistance is obtained by stacking standard carbon paper and a test piece, sandwiching them with two gold-plated copper fittings at a predetermined pressure, and placing the test piece / carbon paper contact area value (unit: cm) between the two gold-plated copper fittings. 2 ) A direct current (unit A) having the same value as that in FIG. 2 was applied, and a voltage drop (unit: m ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ) generated at the connection portion of the gold-plated copper fitting / carbon paper / test piece was measured.
- the durability of the titanium base foil for the separator can be evaluated based on whether the contact resistance before and after the accelerated deterioration test is below the target value.
- the conditions in the examples are one example of conditions used for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is based on this one example of conditions. It is not limited.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the titanium base foil in which a conductive film is formed on the surface by changing various conditions of the titanium base material, pretreatment, surface treatment, and heat treatment over a wide range, or conductive Titanium base foil not forming a conductive film is prepared, and a conductive paint composed of a solvent, a dispersant, a conductive metal powder, and a resin is applied to one side of these titanium base foils for use in separators of various modes.
- a titanium-based foil (test foil) was prototyped. The specific contents are shown in Tables 1 to 13. Details will be described below.
- titanium substrate Preparation of titanium-based foil with or without a conductive film on the surface [Titanium substrate]
- the titanium substrate is as follows.
- M00 Stainless steel of material 1 of JP 2010-140886 (Patent Document 29)
- M01 Titanium (JIS H 4600 Type 1 TP270C) Industrial Pure Titanium
- M02 Titanium (JIS H 4600 Type 2 TP340C) Industrial Pure Titanium 2 Species
- M03 Titanium alloy (JIS H 4600 61 Species) 2.5 to 3.5 mass% Al-2 to 3 mass%
- V-Ti M04 Titanium alloy (JIS H 4600, 16 types) 4-6 mass% Ta-Ti M05: Titanium alloy (JIS H4600 17 types) 0.04 to 0.08 mass% Pd—Ti M06: Titanium alloy (JIS H4600 19 types) 0.04 to 0.08 mass% Pd-0.2 to 0.8 mass% Co-Ti M07: Titanium alloy (JIS H4600 21 types) 0.04 to 0.06 mass% Ru-0.4 to 0.6 mass% Ni-Ti
- the pretreatment of the titanium substrate is as follows.
- P01 Cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.1 mm, washed with alkali, bright annealed at 800 ° C. for 20 seconds in Ar atmosphere
- P02 Cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.1 mm, washed with alkali, Ar atmosphere
- the surface was cleaned by bright annealing at 800 ° C. for 20 seconds and then pickling with nitric hydrofluoric acid.
- the surface cleaning with nitric hydrofluoric acid of P02 was performed by using 3.5% by mass of hydrogen fluoride (HF), nitric acid ( HNO 3 ) was immersed in an aqueous solution of 4.5% by mass at 45 ° C. for 1 minute. About 5 ⁇ m depth was melted from the surface.
- HF hydrogen fluoride
- HNO 3 nitric acid
- H01 Hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 30% by mass
- H02 Cathodic electrolysis at a current density of 1 mA / cm 2 in a hydrochloric acid solution of pH 2 containing 30 g / L of sodium chloride
- H02 electrolysis used platinum as a counter electrode.
- Heat treatment K01 Heat treatment in a heating furnace in the air atmosphere The heating temperature was changed from 200 to 650 ° C., and the heating time was changed in the range of 3 to 7 minutes.
- the alloy foil of the present invention is characterized in that the intensity of the X-ray diffraction peak on the surface of the titanium base foil satisfies the following formula. [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] ⁇ 0.5% I TiO : Maximum intensity of X-ray diffraction peak of TiO I Ti : Maximum intensity of X-ray diffraction peak of metal Ti
- I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] is an index indicating the TiO composition ratio on the surface of the titanium base foil, and the larger means that the conductive film of the titanium base foil contains a large amount of TiO.
- the X-ray source load power (tube voltage / tube current) is 9.0 kW (45 kV / 200 mA).
- the analysis software used is Spectris Expert High Score Plus.
- the measured X-ray diffraction profile is assigned to the ICDD card No.
- a diffraction peak can be identified by comparing with a database using TiO of 01-072-4593 and 01-086-2352 as a standard substance.
- the X-ray penetration depth under the above measurement conditions is about 0.2 ⁇ m for titanium metal and about 0.3 ⁇ m for titanium hydride, so that the depth is about 0.2 to 0.3 ⁇ m from the surface of the titanium base foil.
- Silver particles with a particle size of 5 nm were produced as follows.
- Silver particles having a particle diameter of 1000 nm and 500 nm use silver-3500S and silver-3500SS manufactured by Osaki Kogyo Co., respectively.
- Silver particles having a particle diameter of 200 nm are obtained by using silver powder manufactured by Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd.
- silver powder (product number: 49524-60) manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. was used.
- the particle size of silver particles having a particle size of 50 nm or more was measured by a laser diffraction method using a nano particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, SALD-7100H).
- the value of D50 (cumulative 50% by mass particle size) was defined as the average particle size.
- This conductive paint was dropped on a titanium base foil with a dropper and applied with a bar coater (manufactured by Matsuo Sangyo Co., Ltd.). After application, the film was dried to prepare a titanium base foil having a conductive layer on the surface. In addition, toluene was used as the solvent.
- the acrylic resin uses ACRYDIC 52-204 manufactured by DIC Corporation, the epoxy resin uses EPICLON 850 manufactured by DIC Corporation, and the vinyl chloride resin uses SOLBIN-M5 manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. used.
- dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, pelargonic acid, behenic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. were used.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is measured with a micrometer (MDC-25MJ, manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation), and the thickness of the titanium base foil is obtained by subtracting the thickness of the titanium base foil from which the conductive paint is applied on the surface. It was. Evaluation of adhesion
- the front side of an iron plate in which a base grid-like notch with a spacing of 2 mm is made in a titanium base foil sample having a conductive layer formed on the surface of the titanium foil, and a copper wire having a wire diameter of 0.9 mm is soldered to the mass on the back side Are bonded with an adhesive (Aron Alpha Extra 4000) excellent in tensile adhesive strength.
- the sample was attached to an apparatus jig, and a copper wire was pulled in a direction perpendicular to the sample at a speed of 1 mm / min to evaluate adhesion. Since the expansion / contraction width of a fuel cell is generally about 20%, it is assumed that the thickness of one cell is 1.5 mm, and the tensile evaluation is performed at the interface between the titanium foil and the conductive layer even when the displacement is 0.3 mm. Check if it peels off. Evaluation was performed as follows. ⁇ : No peeling at the interface between the titanium foil and the conductive layer ⁇ : There is peeling at the interface between the titanium foil and the conductive layer
- a pH 3 sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing 100 ppm of fluorine ions is placed in a plastic container (inner diameter 38 mm ⁇ height 75 mm) and held in a constant temperature water bath that can be maintained at 80 ° C.
- a test piece (about 30 mm ⁇ 50 mm) was immersed for 4 days, and after the immersion, contact resistance (unit: m ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ) was measured. Note that the contact resistance of the same test piece was also measured before the accelerated deterioration test.
- Accelerated deterioration test Performed by immersing in an 80 ° C. pH 3 sulfuric acid solution containing 100 ppm of fluorine ions for 4 days. The evaluation before and after the accelerated deterioration test and the load fatigue resistance test were performed as follows. ⁇ Less than 10 m ⁇ cm 2 , ⁇ 10-15 m ⁇ cm 2 , greater than ⁇ 15 m ⁇ cm 2
- Table 1 (continuation of Table 1), and Table 3 (continuation of Table 2) show a titanium base foil satisfying [I TiO / (I Ti + I TiO )] ⁇ 0.5% in thin film XRD measurement.
- the titanium base foil satisfies the above formula, but the conductive layer is not formed on the surface (in Table 2, execution number 1-14), the above formula is not satisfied, and the surface In Table 1, the conductive layers are not formed (in Table 1, run numbers 1-2, 1-4, 1-6, 1-10, in Table 2, run numbers 1-12).
- the titanium base foil satisfying the above formula if the conductive layer is not formed on the surface, the titanium base foil deteriorates and the contact conductivity deteriorates. Even when the conductive layer is formed on the surface of the titanium base foil, the contact conductivity is deteriorated even when the titanium base foil does not satisfy the above formula or the titanium base foil has low conductivity.
- Table 4 and Table 5 show the results when the resin blended in the conductive paint forming the conductive layer is changed.
- Table 6 and Table 7 show the results when the particle diameter of the silver particles is changed.
- Table 8 and Table 9 show the results when the silver particle content and the dispersant content of the conductive paint were changed.
- the silver particle content is 20 to 90% by mass, good contact conductivity can be obtained stably.
- Table 10 and Table 11 show the results when the thickness of the conductive layer was changed.
- the conductivity is lowered due to non-uniformity of silver particle dispersion in the conductive layer.
- the contact conductivity is inferior before the accelerated deterioration test.
- Table 12 and Table 13 show the results when the number of carbon atoms and the number of carbon double bonds are changed.
- the contact conductivity is poor in the comparative example using the resin containing the sulfonic acid compound (invention number 6-1 in Table 12).
- a comparative example using a resin containing pelargonic acid having 9 carbon atoms (in Table 12, run number 6-2), and a comparative example using a resin containing behenic acid having 22 carbon atoms (running number 6 in table 12). -3) and the comparative example (6-11 in Table 13) using a resin containing arachidonic acid having 20 carbon atoms and 4 carbon double bonds has poor contact conductivity.
- any of the invention examples in which a saturated fatty acid or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and 0 to 3 carbon double bonds in the carboxylic acid is used as a dispersant is used. Good contact conductivity is obtained stably.
- the composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator having excellent corrosion resistance against fluorine ions and a low contact resistance, a fuel cell separator manufactured by processing the metal foil, and the fuel cell separator are used. And a method for producing a composite metal foil for a fuel cell separator. Therefore, the present invention has high applicability in the battery manufacturing industry.
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Abstract
Description
チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面が導電性層で被覆されている複合金属箔であって、
(i) チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に、チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面のX線回折ピークにおいて、TiOの回折ピークの最大強度(ITiO)と金属チタンの回折ピークの最大強度(ITi)から求めたTiO構成率:[ITiO/(ITi+ITiO)]が0.5%以上である、酸化皮膜の中にTiOが分散した導電性皮膜が形成されていて、
(ii) 上記導電性層が、
(ii-1)平均粒子径10nm以上500nm以下の銀粒子:20~90質量%、
(ii-2)分散剤:0.2~1.0質量%、及び、
(ii-3)残部:アクリル樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂からなり、
(ii-4)厚み:5~50μmであること
を特徴とする燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
前記チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に微細突起が密に分布し、該表面の表面粗さRSmが0.5~5.0μmであることを特徴とする[1]に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
前記表面の表面粗さRaが0.05~0.50μmであることを特徴とする[1]又は[2]に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
前記分散剤がカルボキシル基を有することを特徴とする[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
前記カルボキシル基を有する分散剤が、下記化学式(a)及び(b)の少なくとも一つの脂肪酸からなることを特徴とする[4]に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
(a)CnH2nO2(n:炭素数10~20)の飽和脂肪酸
(b)CnH2(n-m)O2(n:炭素数10~20、m:炭素の二重結合数1~3)の不飽和脂肪酸
[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔を製造する方法であって、
(i)チタン箔又はチタン合金箔を非酸化性の酸に浸漬する浸漬処理の後、又は、チタン箔又はチタン合金箔にカソード電解処理を施した後、熱処理を施して、チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に、該チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面のX線回折ピークにおいて、TiOの回折ピークの最大強度(ITiO)と金属チタンの回折ピークの最大強度(ITi)から求めたTiO構成率:[ITiO/(ITi+ITiO)]が0.5%以上である、酸化皮膜の中にTiOが分散した導電性皮膜を形成し、次いで、
(ii)上記導電性皮膜に、
(ii-1)平均粒子径10nm以上500nm以下の銀粒子:20~90質量%、
(ii-2)分散剤:0.2~1.0質量%、及び、
(ii-3)残部:アクリル樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂を有する導電性塗料を塗布して乾燥し、
(ii-4)厚み:5~50μmの導電性層を形成すること
を特徴とする燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
前記チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に微細突起が密に分布し、該表面の表面粗さRSmが0.5~5.0μmであることを特徴とする[6]に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
前記表面の表面粗さRaが0.05~0.50μmであることを特徴とする[6]又は[7]に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
前記分散剤がカルボキシル基を有することを特徴とする[6]~[8]のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
前記カルボキシル基を有する分散剤が、下記化学式(a)及び(b)の少なくとも一つの脂肪酸からなることを特徴とする[9]に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
(a)CnH2nO2(n:炭素数10~20)の飽和脂肪酸
(b)CnH2(n-m)O2(n:炭素数10~20、m:炭素の二重結合数1~3)の不飽和脂肪酸
[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔を基材として構成したことを特徴とする燃料電池セパレータ。
[11]に記載の燃料電池セパレータで構成したことを特徴とする燃料電池。
(i) チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に、チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面のX線回折ピークにおいて、TiOの回折ピークの最大強度(ITiO)と金属チタンの回折ピークの最大強度(ITi)から求めたTiO構成率:[ITiO/(ITi+ITiO)]が0.5%以上である、酸化皮膜の中にTiOが分散した導電性皮膜が形成されていて、
(ii) 上記導電性層が、
(ii-1)平均粒子径10nm以上500nm以下の銀粒子:20~90質量%、
(ii-2)分散剤:0.2~1.0質量%、及び、
(ii-3)残部:アクリル樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂からなり、
(ii-4)厚み:5~50μmであること
を特徴とする。
[ITiO/(ITi+ITiO)]≧0.5%
ITiO:TiOのX線回折ピークの最大強度
ITi:金属TiのX線回折ピークの最大強度
(a)CnH2nO2(n:炭素数10~20)の飽和脂肪酸
(b)CnH2(n-m)O2(n:炭素数10~20、m:炭素の二重結合数1~3)の不飽和脂肪酸
そこで、チタン箔と導電性層の密着性を向上させることが重要となるが、密着性はチタン表面の粗さの影響を受ける。チタン表面粗さのRSmは0.5~5.0μm、Raは0.05~0.50μmが好ましい。
100mlのスクリュー瓶に所定量の溶媒(例えば、トルエン)、分散剤(例えば、オレイン酸)を収容し、スターラーで撹拌して分散剤を溶解させる。そこに、銀粒子を所定量配合し、転動ミルで12時間混練する。混練後、樹脂(例えば、アクリル樹脂ACRYDIC52-204、DIC製)を配合して、撹拌棒で撹拌する。
導電性塗料を、スポイトでチタン基箔上に滴下し、バーコーターで塗布する。なお、塗布後の乾燥で導電性層が形成される。
チタン基箔を、(x)非酸化性の酸である塩酸や硫酸に所定の条件で浸漬するか、又は、(y)所定の条件でカソード電解し、その後、所定の温度で加熱する。
前述のように、100mlのスクリュー瓶に所定量の溶媒(トルエン)、分散剤(例えば、オレイン酸)を収容し、スターラーで撹拌して分散剤を溶解させる。そこに、銀粒子を所定量配合し、転動ミルで12時間混練する。
チタン箔と導電性層の密着性は、接着剤によって試料と接着した鉄板を垂直方向に引張る垂直引張試験により評価を行った。
上記(2)で作製したセパレータ用チタン基箔から試験片(30mm×50mm程度)を採取し、この試験片を、pH3で100ppmのフッ素イオンを含む80℃の硫酸水溶液中に4日間浸漬して、促進劣化試験を行った。
本発明金属箔の構造、特性を確認するため、チタン基材、前処理、表面処理、加熱処理の諸条件を広範囲に変化させて、表面に導電性皮膜を形成したチタン基箔、又は、導電性皮膜を形成していないチタン基箔を準備し、これらチタン基箔の片側に、溶剤、分散剤、導電性金属粉末、及び、樹脂からなる導電性塗料を塗布し、多様な態様のセパレータ用チタン基箔(試験箔)を試作した。その具体的な内容を、表1~表13に示す。以下、詳細に説明する。
[チタン基材]
チタン基材は以下のとおりである。
M01:チタン(JIS H 4600 1種TP270C)工業用純チタン1種
M02:チタン(JIS H 4600 2種TP340C)工業用純チタン2種
M03:チタン合金(JIS H 4600 61種) 2.5~3.5質量%Al-2~3質量%V-Ti
M04:チタン合金(JIS H 4600 16種) 4~6質量%Ta-Ti
M05:チタン合金(JIS H4600 17種) 0.04~0.08質量%Pd-Ti
M06:チタン合金(JIS H4600 19種) 0.04~0.08質量%Pd-0.2~0.8質量%Co-Ti
M07:チタン合金(JIS H4600 21種) 0.04~0.06質量%Ru-0.4~0.6質量%Ni-Ti
チタン基材の前処理は以下のとおりである。
P02:厚さ0.1mmまで冷間圧延し、アルカリで洗浄後、Ar雰囲気にて800℃で20秒、光輝焼鈍、その後、硝ふっ酸による酸洗で表面を洗浄
なお、P02の硝ふっ酸による表面洗浄は、ふっ化水素(HF)が3.5質量%、硝酸(HNO3)が4.5質量%の水溶液に、45℃で1分間浸漬して行った。表面から約5μm深さを溶かした。
H01:濃度30質量%の塩酸水溶液
H02:30g/Lの塩化ナトリウムを含有したpH2の塩酸溶液中で電流密度1mA/cm2でカソード電解
なお、H02の電解は、対極に白金を使用した。
K01:大気雰囲気の加熱炉にて加熱処理
加熱温度は200~650℃、加熱時間は3~7分の範囲で変化させた。
チタン基箔の表面に対してX線の入射角を0.3°に固定する斜入射にて、X線回折プロファイルを測定し、その回折ピークを同定した。
[ITiO/(ITi+ITiO)]≧0.5%
ITiO:TiOのX線回折ピークの最大強度
ITi:金属TiのX線回折ピークの最大強度
エキスパート・ハイスコア・プラスである。測定したX線回折プロファイルを、ICDDカードのNo.01-072-4593、01-086-2352のTiOを標準物質としたデータベースと対比することで、回折ピークを同定することができる。
表面粗度のRSmとRaは、チタン基材の表面を、カラー3Dレーザー顕微鏡VK-8700(株式会社キーエンス製)を使用し、JISB 0601:2001に基づいて計測した。計測は、対物レンズ倍率100倍を使用し、2000倍で観察した測定面積23.53×17.64μmの面測定によりRaを、線測定によりRSmを計測した。λs輪郭曲線フィルタは0.8μm、λc輪郭曲線フィルタは0.08mmに設定した。なお、上記装置の繰り返し精度σは、面測定、線測定とも0.03μm、表示分解能は高さ、幅ともに0.01μmである。
[銀粒子の準備]
粒径10nmの銀粒子を以下のように作製した。
粒径50nm以上の銀粒子の粒径は、ナノ粒子径分布測定装置(島津製作所製、SALD-7100H)を用い、レーザー回折法で測定した。D50(累積50質量%粒径)の値を平均粒径とした。
100mlのスクリュー瓶に、所定量の溶媒(トルエン)、分散剤、所定粒径の銀粒子を入れ、ボールミル(入江商会製、型式V-2M)にて、400rpmで12時間混練した。混練後、樹脂(アクリル、エポキシ、塩化ビニル)を添加し、撹拌棒で撹拌して導電性塗料を作製した。
密着性の評価
チタン箔表面に導電性層を形成したチタン基箔試料に2mm間隔の基盤目状の切り込みを入れ、そのマスに線径0.9mmの銅線を裏側にはんだ付けした鉄板の表側を引張接着強度に優れる接着剤(アロンアルファ エクストラ4000)で接着させる。試料を装置冶具に取り付け、銅線を1mm/分の速度で試料と垂直方向に引張り密着性を評価した。一般的に燃料電池の膨張収縮幅は約20%とされていることから、1セル厚みが1.5mmと仮定し、当該引張評価は0.3mmの変位でも、チタン箔と導電性層界面で剥離しないかを確認を行う。評価は、以下のように行った。
○:チタン箔と導電性層界面で剥離なし
×:チタン箔と導電性層界面で剥離あり
促進劣化試験は、試作したチタン基箔試料を、pH3で100ppmのフッ素イオンを含む80℃の硫酸水溶液中に4日間浸漬して行った。
◎ 10mΩcm2未満、○ 10~15mΩcm2、× 15mΩcm2より大きい
Claims (12)
- チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面が導電性層で被覆されている複合金属箔であって、
(i) チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に、チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面のX線回折ピークにおいて、TiOの回折ピークの最大強度(ITiO)と金属チタンの回折ピークの最大強度(ITi)から求めたTiO構成率:[ITiO/(ITi+ITiO)]が0.5%以上である、酸化皮膜の中にTiOが分散した導電性皮膜が形成されていて、
(ii) 上記導電性層が、
(ii-1)平均粒子径10nm以上500nm以下の銀粒子:20~90質量%、
(ii-2)分散剤:0.2~1.0質量%、及び、
(ii-3)残部:アクリル樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂からなり、
(ii-4)厚み:5~50μmであること
を特徴とする燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。 - 前記チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に微細突起が密に分布し、該表面の表面粗さRSmが0.5~5.0μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
- 前記表面の表面粗さRaが0.05~0.50μmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
- 前記分散剤がカルボキシル基を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
- 前記カルボキシル基を有する分散剤が、下記化学式(a)及び(b)の少なくとも一つの脂肪酸からなることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔。
(a)CnH2nO2(n:炭素数10~20)の飽和脂肪酸
(b)CnH2(n-m)O2(n:炭素数10~20、m:炭素の二重結合数1~3)の不飽和脂肪酸 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔を製造する方法であって、
(i)チタン箔又はチタン合金箔を非酸化性の酸に浸漬する浸漬処理の後、又は、チタン箔又はチタン合金箔にカソード電解処理を施した後、熱処理を施して、チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に、該チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面のX線回折ピークにおいて、TiOの回折ピークの最大強度(ITiO)と金属チタンの回折ピークの最大強度(ITi)から求めたTiO構成率:[ITiO/(ITi+ITiO)]が0.5%以上である、酸化皮膜の中にTiOが分散した導電性皮膜を形成し、次いで、
(ii)上記導電性皮膜に、
(ii-1)平均粒子径10nm以上500nm以下の銀粒子:20~90質量%、
(ii-2)分散剤:0.2~1.0質量%、及び、
(ii-3)残部:アクリル樹脂又はエポキシ樹脂を有する導電性塗料を塗布して乾燥し、
(ii-4)厚み:5~50μmの導電性層を形成すること
を特徴とする燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。 - 前記チタン箔又はチタン合金箔の表面に微細突起が密に分布し、該表面の表面粗さRSmが0.5~5.0μmであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
- 前記表面の表面粗さRaが0.05~0.50μmであることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
- 前記分散剤がカルボキシル基を有することを特徴とする請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
- 前記カルボキシル基を有する分散剤が、下記化学式(a)及び(b)の少なくとも一つの脂肪酸からなることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法。
(a)CnH2nO2(n:炭素数10~20)の飽和脂肪酸
(b)CnH2(n-m)O2(n:炭素数10~20、m:炭素の二重結合数1~3)の不飽和脂肪酸 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔を基材として構成したことを特徴とする燃料電池セパレータ。
- 請求項11に記載の燃料電池セパレータで構成したことを特徴とする燃料電池。
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US15/111,226 US20160336600A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-04-02 | Composite metal foil for fuel cell separator, fuel cell separator, fuel cell, and method for producing composite metal foil for fuel cell separator |
JP2015544663A JP5888473B1 (ja) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-04-02 | 燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔、燃料電池セパレータ、燃料電池、及び、燃料電池セパレータ用複合金属箔の製造方法 |
CA2937680A CA2937680A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-04-02 | Composite metal foil for fuel cell separator, fuel cell separator, fuel cell, and method for producing composite metal foil for fuel cell separator |
RU2016136826A RU2636744C1 (ru) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-04-02 | Композитная металлическая фольга для сепаратора топливного элемента, сепаратор топливного элемента, топливный элемент и способ изготовления композитной металлической фольги для сепаратора топливного элемента |
EP15772963.3A EP3082185A4 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-04-02 | Composite metal foil for fuel cell separator, fuel cell separator, fuel cell, and method for producing composite metal foil for fuel cell separator |
CN201580016530.8A CN106165169A (zh) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-04-02 | 燃料电池分隔件用复合金属箔、燃料电池分隔件、燃料电池、及、燃料电池分隔件用复合金属箔的制造方法 |
KR1020167025767A KR20160122843A (ko) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-04-02 | 연료 전지 세퍼레이터용 복합 금속박, 연료 전지 세퍼레이터, 연료 전지 및 연료 전지 세퍼레이터용 복합 금속박의 제조 방법 |
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CN113348273A (zh) * | 2019-01-21 | 2021-09-03 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 燃料电池的隔离件用的奥氏体系不锈钢板及其制造方法 |
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JP5888473B1 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
JPWO2015152379A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
CA2937680A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
EP3082185A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
US20160336600A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
RU2636744C1 (ru) | 2017-11-28 |
KR20160122843A (ko) | 2016-10-24 |
CN106165169A (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
EP3082185A4 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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