WO2015037323A1 - 電解液及び二次電池 - Google Patents
電解液及び二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015037323A1 WO2015037323A1 PCT/JP2014/068616 JP2014068616W WO2015037323A1 WO 2015037323 A1 WO2015037323 A1 WO 2015037323A1 JP 2014068616 W JP2014068616 W JP 2014068616W WO 2015037323 A1 WO2015037323 A1 WO 2015037323A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution and a secondary battery including the electrolytic solution.
- One method for improving the performance of the secondary battery is to suppress the decomposition reaction of the electrolyte by forming a protective film on the electrode surface.
- a method of forming a film on the electrode surface by adding an additive to the electrolytic solution has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, and Patent Document 4 disclose an electrolytic solution containing an aprotic solvent and a cyclic sulfonate compound having at least two sulfonyl groups.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a lithium ion secondary battery having an electrolytic solution containing a chain disulfonic acid ester compound and a cyclic monosulfonic acid ester compound or a cyclic disulfonic acid ester compound.
- Patent Document 6 discloses at least one compound selected from a cyclic carbonate compound having an unsaturated bond and an acid anhydride, a sulfur-containing organic compound, a fluorine-containing aromatic compound having 9 or less carbon atoms, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound. And a secondary battery having an electrolytic solution containing at least one compound selected from fluorine-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
- Patent Document 7 contains a monofluorophosphate and / or a difluorophosphate, and further includes a compound represented by a predetermined formula, a nitrile compound, an isocyanate compound, a phosphazene compound, a disulfonic acid ester compound, a sulfide compound, and a disulfide.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound, an acid anhydride, a lactone compound having a substituent at the ⁇ -position, and a compound having a carbon-carbon triple bond is described.
- Patent Document 8 discloses at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-containing ethylene carbonate derivative, a compound represented by the predetermined formula, and a compound represented by the predetermined formula, and a cyclic disulfonic acid ester represented by the predetermined formula. , And an electrolytic solution containing the above.
- Patent Document 9 discloses a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a compound represented by a predetermined formula.
- JP 2004-281368 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-2222846 JP 2004-281325 A JP 2005-228631 A Japanese Patent No. 2006-324194 JP 2003-331915 A JP 2008-277004 A JP 2013-051200 A International Publication No. 2013/024748
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic solution capable of suppressing gas generation.
- One of the embodiments is An electrolytic solution comprising a supporting salt, a nonaqueous solvent that dissolves the supporting salt, a cyclic sulfonate compound represented by the following formula (1), and an acid anhydride.
- Q represents an oxygen atom, a methylene group or a single bond.
- A represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, or a fluoroalkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- B is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms A group or an oxygen atom).
- One of the embodiments is a secondary battery having the above electrolytic solution.
- Electrolytic Solution The electrolytic solution of the present embodiment includes a supporting salt, a nonaqueous solvent that dissolves the supporting salt, a cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound represented by the formula (1), and an acid anhydride. .
- the capacity retention rate of the secondary battery can be improved, but gas generation accompanying charge / discharge increases, and the battery volume increases.
- an acid anhydride to the electrolytic solution containing the cyclic sulfonate compound, gas generation can be suppressed even when the cyclic sulfonate compound is included.
- the following reason can be considered as a mechanism of the synergistic effect which suppresses gas generation by adding an acid anhydride to the electrolyte solution containing a cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound.
- the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound represented by the formula (1) is decomposed by an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction during the charge / discharge reaction to form a film on the negative electrode surface, and the electrolytic solution and the supporting salt are decomposed
- the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound alone increases gas generation associated with charge and discharge.
- the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound in the present embodiment is represented by the following formula (1).
- Q represents an oxygen atom, a methylene group or a single bond.
- A represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a carbonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a linear chain.
- a branched chain C 1-6 fluoroalkylene group, or a straight chain or branched chain alkylene group or a straight chain or branched chain fluoroalkylene group bonded via an ether bond is a C 2-6 divalent group.
- B represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched fluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an oxygen atom).
- the alkylene group and the fluoroalkylene group may be linear or branched.
- the alkylene group preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
- the carbon number of the fluoroalkylene group is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
- the alkylene group preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
- the carbon number of the fluoroalkylene group is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
- cyclic sulfonate compound represented by the formula (1) for example, cyclic disulfonate compounds represented by the following formulas (2) to (7) can be used.
- x is 0 or 1.
- n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
- R is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom). ).
- x is 0, the adjacent sulfur atom and carbon atom are single-bonded.
- x is 0 or 1.
- n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
- R is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom). ).
- x is 0, the adjacent sulfur atom and carbon atom are single-bonded.
- x is 0 or 1.
- m is 1 or 2.
- n is 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- R is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, Or a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom).
- x is 0, the adjacent sulfur atom and carbon atom are single-bonded.
- x is 0 or 1.
- m is 1 or 2.
- n is 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- R is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group. Or a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom).
- x is 0, the adjacent sulfur atom and carbon atom are single-bonded.
- x is 0 or 1.
- m is 1 or 2.
- n is 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- R is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, Or a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom).
- x is 0, the adjacent sulfur atom and carbon atom are single-bonded.
- x is 0 or 1.
- m is 1 or 2.
- n is 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- R is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group. Or a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom).
- x is 0, the adjacent sulfur atom and carbon atom are single-bonded.
- cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound for example, a production method described in US Pat. No. 4,950,768 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-501089, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-44946), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-336155, etc. is used. Can be manufactured.
- the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound is preferably a cyclic disulfonic acid ester compound represented by the following formula (11).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 3 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched fluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a carbonyl group, or sulfinyl.
- examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom.
- the alkyl group of R 1 or R 2 may be linear or branched.
- the fluoroalkyl group of R 1 and R 2 may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group and fluoroalkyl group of R 3 may be linear or branched.
- Examples of the alkyl group for R 1 or R 2 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group. Of these, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group of R 1 or R 2 is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- R 3 is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched fluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, more preferably 1, 2 or 3, and further preferably 1 or 2.
- the number of carbon atoms of the fluoroalkylene group is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, more preferably 1, 2 or 3, and even more preferably 1 or 2.
- Examples of the alkylene group include a methylene group and an ethylene group.
- fluoroalkylene group examples include a monofluoromethylene group, a difluoromethylene group, a monofluoroethylene group, a difluoroethylene group, a trifluoroethylene group, and a tetrafluoroethylene group.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms)
- R 3 is methylene
- a compound which is a group or an ethylene group preferably a methylene group. More specifically, examples include compounds in which R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is a methyl group, and R 3 is a methylene group, R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is a methyl group, and R 3 is an ethylene group. .
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and R 3 is preferably a methylene group, an ethylene group, a fluoromethylene group, or a fluoroethylene group.
- the cyclic disulfonic acid ester compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- cyclic disulfonic acid ester compound examples include cyclic disulfonic acid ester compound, but the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound of the present embodiment is not limited to these.
- Cyclic disulfonic acid ester compounds represented by the formula (11) are disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 4,950,768 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-501089, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-44946), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-336155, and the like. It can be manufactured using the described manufacturing method.
- the content of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound represented by the formula (1) in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.005 to 10% by mass. When the content of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound is 0.005% by mass or more, a film forming effect can be sufficiently obtained. Moreover, when content of a cyclic sulfonate compound is 10 mass% or less, the increase in the viscosity of electrolyte solution and the accompanying increase in resistance can be suppressed.
- the content of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound in the electrolytic solution is more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, further preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or more. Particularly preferred. Further, the content of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound in the electrolytic solution is more preferably 8% by mass or less, further preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the acid anhydride in this embodiment is a compound having at least one acid anhydride structure in one molecule, and the type of acid anhydride is not limited.
- the acid anhydride may be a compound having a plurality of acid anhydride structures in one molecule.
- Examples of the acid anhydride in the present embodiment include an anhydride of carboxylic acid, an anhydride of sulfonic acid, and an anhydride of carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.
- carboxylic acid anhydrides include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, succinic anhydride, crotonic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, pentafluoropropionic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride , Glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 3,4,5,6- Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, phenylsuccinic anhydride, 2-phenylglutaric anhydride, phthalic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, fluorosuccinic anhydride, tetra
- sulfonic acid anhydride examples include methanesulfonic acid anhydride, ethanesulfonic acid anhydride, propanesulfonic acid anhydride, butanesulfonic acid anhydride, pentanesulfonic acid anhydride, hexanesulfonic acid anhydride, vinylsulfonic acid anhydride.
- Benzenesulfonic acid anhydride trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anhydride, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonic acid anhydride, Pentafluoroethanesulfonic anhydride, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic anhydride, 1,3-propanedisulfonic anhydride, 1,4-butanedisulfonic anhydride, 1,2-benzenedisulfonic anhydride, tetrafluoro -1,2-ethanedisulfonic anhydride, hexafluoro-1,3-propanedisulfonic anhydride, octafluoro-1,4-butanedisulfonic anhydride, 3-fluoro-1,2-benzenedisulfonic anhydride 4-fluoro-1,2-benzenedisulfonic anhydride 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,2-benzenedisulfonic anhydride and the like. These may be used alone or
- carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid anhydrides include acetic acid methanesulfonic acid anhydride, ethane sulfonic acid anhydride, acetic acid propane sulfonic acid anhydride, propionic acid methanesulfonic acid anhydride, propionic acid ethanesulfonic acid anhydride , Propionic acid propanesulfonic acid anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid methanesulfonic acid anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid ethanesulfonic acid anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid propanesulfonic acid anhydride, acetic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anhydride, acetic acid 2,2,2 -Trifluoroethanesulfonic anhydride, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid anhydride, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, trifluoroacetic acid 2,2,2-trifluor
- the acid anhydride is preferably a carboxylic acid anhydride.
- the carboxylic acid anhydride is preferably a chain carboxylic acid anhydride represented by the following formula (I) or a cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride represented by the following formula (II) or (III).
- R 101 and R 102 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted group, A heterocyclic group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, more preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- the aryl group preferably has 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of the heterocyclic group is preferably 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and more preferably 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5, and more preferably 2, 3 or 4.
- the alkyl group or alkenyl group may be linear or branched.
- R 101 and R 102 examples include an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, and a butyl group), and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, , Cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group), alkynyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms (for example, acetylenyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 2-butynyl group), 1 to 5 carbon atoms Alkoxy groups (for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, iso-propoxy group, n-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group), alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl having 7 to 11 carbon atoms (for
- An acid anhydride can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- R 101 and R 102 are preferably each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
- chain carboxylic acid anhydride represented by the formula (I) include the following compounds.
- R 11 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 103 represents a single bond, a double bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, or A divalent group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms to which an alkylene group is bonded via an ether bond).
- the alkylene group and alkenylene group of R 11 and R 103 may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group represented by R 11 is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- the carbon number of the alkenylene group of R 11 is preferably 2, 3 or 4.
- the carbon number of the cycloalkanediyl group of R 11 is preferably 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
- R 11 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the substituent of R 11 or R 103 is, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group), carbon C2-C6 alkenyl group (for example, vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, 2-butenyl group), C1-C5 alkoxy group (for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group) , Iso-propoxy group, n-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group), amino group (including dimethylamino group and methylamino group), carboxy group, hydroxy group, vinyl group, cyano group, or halogen atom (for example, chlorine Atom, bromine atom).
- R 11 or R 103 may have one substituent or a plurality of substituents.
- R 103 is a single bond or a double bond
- a single bond or a double bond is formed between carbon atoms adjacent to R 103 .
- R 103 is preferably a single bond, a double bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride represented by the formula (II) include the following compounds.
- chain carboxylic acid anhydride acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and butyric anhydride are preferable.
- succinic anhydride is preferable.
- the content of the acid anhydride in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.005 to 10% by mass.
- content of an acid anhydride is 0.005 mass% or more, the synergistic effect of a cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound and an acid anhydride can be obtained effectively.
- content of an acid anhydride is 10 mass% or less, it can suppress that the membrane
- moisture in the negative electrode can be captured effectively.
- the content of the acid anhydride in the electrolytic solution is more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, further preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or more. .
- the content of the acid anhydride in the electrolytic solution is more preferably 8% by mass or less, further preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the molar ratio B / A between the concentration A of the cyclic sulfonate compound in the electrolyte and the concentration B of the acid anhydride in the electrolyte is preferably in the range of 1/10 to 10/1.
- the range of 1/9 to 5/1 is more preferable, and the range of 3/10 to 2/1 is particularly preferable.
- the total content C of the concentration A in the electrolyte solution of the cyclic sulfonate compound and the concentration B in the electrolyte solution of the acid anhydride is preferably in the range of 1.5 mol / L or less, and 1.0 mol / L More preferably, it is in the range of L or less, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 mol / L or less.
- the electrolyte solution may contain other additives other than the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound and the acid anhydride, if necessary.
- additives include an overcharge inhibitor and a surfactant.
- the non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carbonates such as cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters, ⁇ -lactones, cyclic ethers, and chain ethers. And fluorine derivatives thereof. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- cyclic carbonates examples include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC).
- chain carbonates examples include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dipropyl carbonate (DPC).
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- Examples of the aliphatic carboxylic acid esters include methyl formate, methyl acetate, and ethyl propionate.
- ⁇ -lactones examples include ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- cyclic ethers examples include tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- chain ethers examples include 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE), ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), and the like.
- non-aqueous solvents include, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, acetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, propylnitrile, nitromethane, ethyl monoglyme, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivatives , Sulfolane, methylsulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivative, tetrahydrofuran derivative, ethyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, fluorinated carboxylic acid ester, methyl-2 , 2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate, methyl-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl carbonate, trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, monofluoromethyl ethyl Emissions carbonate, difluoromethyl
- the non-aqueous solvent preferably contains carbonates.
- the carbonates include cyclic carbonates or chain carbonates. Since carbonates have a large relative dielectric constant, the ion dissociation property of the electrolytic solution is improved, and further, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution is lowered, so that the ion mobility is improved.
- carbonates having a carbonate structure are used as the non-aqueous solvent for the electrolytic solution, the carbonates tend to decompose and generate gas containing CO 2 .
- the problem of blistering appears prominently and tends to lead to performance degradation.
- electrolyte solution contains carbonate as a non-aqueous solvent in addition to a cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound and an acid anhydride.
- the content of carbonates in the electrolytic solution is, for example, 30% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the supporting salt is not particularly limited, for example, LiPF 6, LiAsF 6, LiAlCl 4, LiClO 4, LiBF 4, LiSbF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3, Li (CF 3 And lithium salts such as SO 2 ) 2 and LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- a supporting salt can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the concentration of the supporting salt in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mol / l. By setting the concentration of the supporting salt within this range, it becomes easy to adjust the density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and the like to an appropriate range.
- the secondary battery of the present embodiment includes a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material can be bound on the negative electrode current collector by a negative electrode binder.
- a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder is formed on a negative electrode current collector can be used.
- a negative electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- Examples of the metal (a) include Al, Si, Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, Zn, La, or alloys of two or more thereof. It is done. Two or more of these metals or alloys may be used in combination. These metals or alloys may contain one or more non-metallic elements. Among these, it is preferable to use silicon, tin, or an alloy thereof as the negative electrode active material. By using silicon or tin as the negative electrode active material, a lithium secondary battery excellent in weight energy density and volume energy density can be provided.
- the metal oxide (b) examples include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, and composites thereof. Among these, it is preferable to use silicon oxide as the negative electrode active material.
- the metal oxide (b) can contain one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur in a range of, for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- Examples of the carbon material (c) include graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite thereof.
- the negative electrode binder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber. , Polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylic acid and the like.
- the negative electrode can be produced, for example, by forming a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder on a negative electrode current collector.
- This negative electrode active material layer can be formed by a general slurry coating method.
- a negative electrode can be obtained by preparing a slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a solvent, applying the slurry onto a negative electrode current collector, drying, and pressing as necessary. it can.
- Examples of the method for applying the negative electrode slurry include a doctor blade method, a die coater method, and a dip coating method.
- a negative electrode can also be obtained by forming a negative electrode active material layer in advance and then forming a thin film of copper, nickel or an alloy thereof as a current collector by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- a water-dispersed polymer as the negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode binder can be used in an aqueous dispersion state.
- the water-dispersed polymer include styrene butadiene polymer, acrylic acid polymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylate, and polyurethane. These polymers can be used by dispersing in water. More specifically, examples of the water-dispersed polymer include natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer rubber (NBR), and methyl methacrylate / butadiene copolymer rubber (MBR).
- NR natural rubber
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- NBR acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer rubber
- MRR methyl methacrylate / butadiene copolymer rubber
- Chloroprene rubber (CR), acrylic rubber (ABR), styrene butadiene / styrene copolymer (SBS), butyl rubber (IIR), thiocol, urethane rubber, silicon rubber, or fluorine rubber. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- an aqueous dispersion polymer when used as the negative electrode binder, it is preferable to use an aqueous thickener.
- the aqueous thickener include methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose lithium salt, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid. , Polyethylene glycol, or polyethylene oxide. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the amount of the negative electrode binder is preferably 5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material.
- the content of the water-based thickener is, for example, 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- water is preferably used as the dispersion medium
- a water-soluble solvent such as an alcohol solvent, an amine solvent, a carboxylic acid solvent, or a ketone solvent may be included as the dispersion medium.
- the negative electrode can be produced, for example, as follows. First, a negative electrode active material, an aqueous thickener, an aqueous dispersion polymer, and water are kneaded to prepare a negative electrode slurry. Next, this aqueous slurry is applied to a negative electrode current collector, dried, and pressed to produce a negative electrode.
- the amount of water contained in the negative electrode active material layer after producing the negative electrode is preferably 50 to 1000 ppm. Further, the amount of water contained in the negative electrode active material layer is more preferably 500 ppm or less.
- the acid anhydride not only has a synergistic effect with the cyclic disulfonic acid ester compound as described above, but also has an effect of capturing moisture in the electrolytic solution or the negative electrode active material layer. Therefore, when the acid anhydride captures moisture, deterioration of the film formed on the negative electrode is suppressed, and a stronger and more stable film can be obtained. Therefore, this embodiment can obtain more excellent effects when the amount of water contained in the negative electrode active material layer is 50 to 1000 ppm.
- the amount of water contained in the negative electrode active material layer can be measured by, for example, a coulometric titration method using a Karl Fischer meter.
- the amount of water contained in the negative electrode active material layer can be controlled by, for example, the drying step after forming the negative electrode active material layer and the environmental humidity after the drying step.
- the environmental humidity is preferably a dew point of ⁇ 40 to 10 ° C.
- the negative electrode current collector aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, chromium, copper, silver, and alloys thereof are preferable in view of electrochemical stability.
- the shape include a foil, a flat plate, and a mesh.
- the negative electrode active material layer may contain a conductive aid such as carbon from the viewpoint of improving conductivity.
- the negative electrode slurry may contain other components as necessary, and examples of the other components include a surfactant and an antifoaming material.
- the negative electrode slurry contains a surfactant, the dispersion stability of the negative electrode binder can be improved. Moreover, foaming at the time of apply
- the secondary battery of this embodiment includes a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material can be bound on the positive electrode current collector by a positive electrode binder.
- a positive electrode in which a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode binder is formed on a positive electrode current collector can be used.
- the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lithium composite oxide and lithium iron phosphate. Further, at least part of the transition metal of these lithium composite oxides may be replaced with another element. Alternatively, a lithium composite oxide having a plateau at 4.2 V or more at the metal lithium counter electrode potential can be used. Examples of the lithium composite oxide include spinel type lithium manganese composite oxide, olivine type lithium containing composite oxide, and reverse spinel type lithium containing composite oxide.
- lithium composite oxide examples include lithium manganate having a layered structure such as LiMnO 2 and Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), lithium manganate having a spinel structure, or lithium manganate
- a part of Mn is replaced with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, Al, Co, B, Ti and Zn
- lithium cobaltate such as LiCoO 2 or part of Co of lithium cobaltate Is replaced with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Al, Mn, Mg, Zr, Ti, and Zn
- lithium nickelate such as LiNiO 2 or a part of Ni in lithium nickelate is Co, Al Replaced with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Mg, Zr, Ti, Zn
- LiN i 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 or other specific transition metals such as lithium transition metal oxides, or some of the transition metals of the lithium transition metal oxides may be Co, Al, Mn And those substituted with at
- lithium composite oxide a compound represented by the following formula is preferably exemplified.
- Li a (M x Mn 2-x ) O 4 (In the above formula, x satisfies 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, a satisfies 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, and M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Cr and Cu. .)
- an active material that operates at a potential of 4.5 V or higher with respect to lithium (hereinafter also referred to as a 5 V class active material) can be used from the viewpoint that a high voltage can be obtained.
- a 5V class active material gas generation due to decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the like is likely to occur, but gas generation can be suppressed by using the electrolytic solution containing the compound of the present embodiment.
- a lithium manganese composite oxide represented by the following formula (A) can be used as the 5V class active material.
- M is Co, Ni, Fe, Cr.
- Y is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, B, Na, Mg, Al, Ti, Si, K and Ca
- Z is F and Cl. At least one selected from the group consisting of:
- a spinel compound represented by the following formula (B) is preferably used among such metal complex oxides from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient capacity and extending the life.
- LiNi x Mn 2-xy A y O 4 (B) (In the formula (B), 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.6, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, B, Na, Mg, Al, Ti and Si. is there.).
- an olivine-type positive electrode active material As an active material that operates at a potential of 4.5 V or higher with respect to lithium, an olivine-type positive electrode active material can be given.
- the olivine-type 5V active material include LiCoPO 4 and LiNiPO 4 .
- Si composite oxide As an active material that operates at a potential of 4.5 V or more with respect to lithium, Si composite oxide can be given.
- Si complex oxide the compound shown by a following formula (C) is mentioned, for example.
- Li 2 MSiO 4 (C) (In the formula (C), M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe and Co).
- the active material that operates at a potential of 4.5 V or more with respect to lithium may have a layered structure.
- a 5V class active material containing a layered structure the compound shown by following formula (D) is mentioned, for example.
- M1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe.
- M2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Mg, and Al. 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3).
- lithium metal composite oxides represented by the following (E) to (G) can be used.
- LiMPO 4 (E) (In formula (E), M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co and Ni).
- Li (M y Mn z ) O 2 (F) (In formula (F), 0.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5, 0.33 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.7, and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Co, and Ni.) .
- Li (Li x M y Mn z ) O 2 (G) (In Formula (G), 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, 0.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4, 0.33 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.7, and M is composed of Li, Co, and Ni. At least one selected from the group).
- the positive electrode can be manufactured as follows, for example. First, a positive electrode slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode binder, and a solvent (and a conductive auxiliary material if necessary) is prepared. This positive electrode slurry is applied onto a positive electrode current collector, dried, and pressurized as necessary to form a positive electrode active material layer on the positive electrode current collector, thereby producing a positive electrode.
- the positive electrode binder is not particularly limited, and for example, the same as the negative electrode binder can be used. From the viewpoint of versatility and low cost, polyvinylidene fluoride is preferred.
- the content of the positive electrode binder is preferably in the range of 1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoint of the binding force and energy density which are in a trade-off relationship. The range is more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 parts by mass.
- binders other than polyvinylidene fluoride include, for example, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, Examples include polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, or polyamideimide.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aluminum, titanium, tantalum, nickel, silver, and alloys thereof.
- Examples of the shape of the positive electrode current collector include a foil, a flat plate, and a mesh.
- As the positive electrode current collector an aluminum foil can be suitably used.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added for the purpose of reducing the impedance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- the separator is not particularly limited.
- a porous film such as polypropylene or polyethylene or a nonwoven fabric can be used.
- the ceramic coat separator which formed the coating containing a ceramic in the polymer base material used as a separator can also be used.
- stacked them can also be used as a separator.
- Exterior Body is not particularly limited, and for example, a laminate film can be used.
- a laminated film such as polypropylene or polyethylene coated with aluminum or silica can be used.
- the distortion of the electrode laminate becomes very large when gas is generated, compared to a secondary battery using a metal can as the exterior body. This is because the laminate film is more easily deformed by the internal pressure of the secondary battery than the metal can. Furthermore, when sealing a secondary battery using a laminate film as an exterior body, the internal pressure of the battery is usually lower than the atmospheric pressure, so there is no extra space inside, and if gas is generated, it is immediately It tends to lead to battery volume change and electrode stack deformation.
- the secondary battery according to the present embodiment can overcome such problems by using the electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
- the structure of the secondary battery according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited by the present invention.
- an electrode laminate in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged to face each other and an electrolytic solution are provided.
- the structure included in the exterior body can be given.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a basic configuration of the secondary battery according to the present embodiment.
- the positive electrode active material layer 1 is formed on the positive electrode current collector 3.
- the negative electrode active material layer 2 is formed on the negative electrode current collector 4.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are disposed to face each other with the separator 5 interposed therebetween.
- the separator 5 is laminated and disposed substantially parallel to the positive electrode active material layer 1 and the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- a pair of positive and negative electrodes and an electrolytic solution are enclosed in outer casings 6 and 7.
- a positive electrode tab 9 connected to the positive electrode and a negative electrode tab 8 connected to the negative electrode are provided so as to be exposed from the exterior body.
- the shape of the secondary battery according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a laminate outer shape, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a coin shape, and a button shape.
- Example 1 ⁇ Negative electrode> Graphite was used as the negative electrode active material.
- SBR the rubber particle dispersion (solid content 40 mass%) was used, and it measured and used so that the solid content of the binder might become the said mass ratio.
- the negative electrode slurry was prepared. After applying the negative electrode slurry to a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, it was dried by performing a heat treatment at 80 ° C. for 8 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained negative electrode was stored in an environment with a dew point of ⁇ 10 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a negative electrode. Thereafter, the water content in the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode was measured at a measurement temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. by a coulometric titration method using a Karl Fischer meter (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech). As a result of the measurement, the water content of the negative electrode active material layer was 346 ppm.
- ⁇ Positive electrode> As the positive electrode active material, a mixture of LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 at a weight ratio of 3: 7 was used. This positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive auxiliary material, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a positive electrode binder were weighed at a mass ratio of 90: 5: 5. These were mixed with N-methylpyrrolidone to prepare a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry was applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, dried, and further pressed to produce a positive electrode.
- Electrode laminate The obtained positive electrode and negative electrode were laminated via a polypropylene porous film as a separator. The ends of the positive electrode current collector not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector not covered with the negative electrode active material were welded. Furthermore, the positive electrode terminal made from aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made from nickel were each welded to the welding location, and the electrode laminated body which has a planar laminated structure was obtained.
- the said compound (2001) as an acid anhydride so that content in the electrolyte solution may become 0.8 mass% of the said compound (1001) as a cyclic sulfonate ester compound represented by Formula (1).
- the so content in the electrolyte is 0.5 wt%, so that the concentration in the electrolyte of LiPF 6 as a supporting salt becomes 1M, was added to each solvent mixture, to prepare an electrolytic solution.
- the electrode laminate was accommodated in an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, and an electrolyte solution was injected into the exterior body. Thereafter, the outer package was sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm, and a lithium ion secondary battery was produced.
- the “volume increase rate (%)” was calculated by ⁇ (volume after storage for one week) / (volume before storage (after one charge / discharge)) ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 100 (unit:%).
- Example 2 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above compound (2002) was used instead of the compound (2001) as the acid anhydride. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 3 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (2003) was used instead of the compound (2001) as the acid anhydride. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 4 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (3001) was used instead of the compound (2001) as the acid anhydride. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 5 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (1002) was used instead of the compound (1001) as the cyclic sulfonate compound. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 6 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the compound (1002) was used instead of the compound (1001) as the cyclic sulfonate compound. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 7 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the compound (1002) was used instead of the compound (1001) as the cyclic sulfonate compound. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 8 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the compound (1002) was used instead of the compound (1001) as the cyclic sulfonate compound. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparing Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 it can be seen that when the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound is added to the electrolytic solution, the volume increase rate of the secondary battery tends to increase. Further, comparing Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that even when acid anhydride is added to the electrolyte, the volume increase rate of the secondary battery tends to increase.
- Example 9 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode was produced by changing the environmental humidity and storage time after the heat treatment. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, when the moisture content in the negative electrode active material layer of the obtained negative electrode was measured, it was 46 ppm.
- Example 10 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode was produced by changing the environmental humidity and storage time after the heat treatment. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, when the moisture content in the negative electrode active material layer of the obtained negative electrode was measured, it was 58 ppm.
- Example 11 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode was produced by changing the environmental humidity and storage time after the heat treatment. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, it was 112 ppm when the moisture content in the negative electrode active material layer of the obtained negative electrode was measured.
- Example 12 The results of Example 1 are shown in Table 4 as Example 12.
- Example 13 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode was produced by changing the environmental humidity and storage time after the heat treatment. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, it was 597 ppm when the moisture content in the negative electrode active material layer of the obtained negative electrode was measured.
- Example 14 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode was produced by changing the environmental humidity and storage time after the heat treatment. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, it was 824 ppm when the moisture content in the negative electrode active material layer of the obtained negative electrode was measured.
- Example 15 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode was produced by changing the environmental humidity and storage time after the heat treatment. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, when the moisture content in the negative electrode active material layer of the obtained negative electrode was measured, it was 1046 ppm.
- Comparative Example 4 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the negative electrode obtained in Example 9 was used. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 5 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the negative electrode obtained in Example 10 was used. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 6 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the negative electrode obtained in Example 11 was used. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 7 The results of Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 4 as Comparative Example 7.
- Comparative Example 8 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the negative electrode obtained in Example 13 was used. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 9 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the negative electrode obtained in Example 14 was used. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 10 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the negative electrode obtained in Example 15 was used. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 12 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the negative electrode obtained in Example 10 was used. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 14 The results of Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 4 as Comparative Example 14.
- secondary batteries (Examples 9 to 15) provided with an electrolytic solution containing a cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound and an acid anhydride are secondary batteries provided with an electrolytic solution containing only the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound.
- the volume increase rate is lower than (Comparative Examples 11 to 17).
- Comparative Example 3 since the volume increase rate of the secondary battery including the electrolytic solution containing only the acid anhydride is increased, the synergistic effect of the cyclic sulfonic acid ester compound and the acid anhydride causes the examples 9 to 15 Then, it can be considered that the volume increase was suppressed.
- the amount of water in the negative electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 50 to 1000 ppm. More preferably, the amount of water in the negative electrode active material layer is in the range of 50 to 500 ppm.
- CMC of a thickener denatures and gas generation amount may increase.
- the secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present invention includes, for example, an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, a driving device such as an electric motorcycle and an electric assist bicycle, tools such as an electric tool, an electronic device such as a portable terminal and a laptop computer,
- the present invention can be applied to storage batteries for household power storage systems and solar power generation systems.
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Abstract
Description
支持塩と、該支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒と、下記式(1)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル化合物と、酸無水物と、を含む電解液である。
本実施形態の電解液は、支持塩と、該支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒と、式(1)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル化合物と、酸無水物と、を含む。
本実施形態における環状スルホン酸エステル化合物は、下記式(1)で表される。
(式(11)において、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~5のアルキル基、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~5のフルオロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又はアミノ基を示す。R3は、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~6のアルキレン基、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキレン基、カルボニル基、スルフィニル基、スルホニル基、又はエーテル結合を介して直鎖若しくは分岐鎖のアルキレン基又は直鎖若しくは分岐鎖のフルオロアルキレン基が結合した炭素数2~6の二価の基を示す。)。
式(11)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物は、例えば、米国特許第4950768号(特開昭61-501089号公報、特公平5-44946号公報)、特開2005-336155号公報などに記載されている製造方法を用いて製造することができる。
本実施形態における酸無水物は、酸無水物構造を1分子中に少なくとも1つ有する化合物であり、酸無水物の種類は限定されるものではない。また、酸無水物は酸無水物構造を1分子中に複数個有する化合物であってもよい。本実施形態における酸無水物としては、カルボン酸の無水物、スルホン酸の無水物、カルボン酸とスルホン酸との無水物が挙げられる。
ペンタフルオロエタンスルホン酸無水物、1,2-エタンジスルホン酸無水物、1,3-プロパンジスルホン酸無水物、1,4-ブタンジスルホン酸無水物、1,2-ベンゼンジスルホン酸無水物、テトラフルオロ-1,2-エタンジスルホン酸無水物、ヘキサフルオロ-1,3-プロパンジスルホン酸無水物、オクタフルオロ-1,4-ブタンジスルホン酸無水物、3-フルオロ-1,2-ベンゼンジスルホン酸無水物、4-フルオロ-1,2-ベンゼンジスルホン酸無水物3,4,5,6-テトラフルオロ-1,2-ベンゼンジスルホン酸無水物等が挙げられる。これらは、1種を単独で用いても良く、2種以上を混合して用いても良い。
(式(I)において、R101及びR102は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数6~12のアリール基、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数4~12の複素環基、又は置換若しくは無置換の炭素数2~6のアルケニル基を示す。)。
(式(II)において、R11は、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数1~5のアルキレン基、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数2~5のアルケニレン基、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数5~12のシクロアルカンジイル基、置換若しくは無置換のベンゼンジイル基、又はエーテル結合を介してアルキレン基が結合した炭素数2~6の2価の基を示す。)。
(式(III)において、R103は、単結合、二重結合、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数1~3のアルキレン基、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数2~3のアルケニレン基、酸素原子、又はエーテル結合を介してアルキレン基が結合した炭素数2~4の2価の基を示す。)。
非水溶媒としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、環状カーボネート類及び鎖状カーボネート類等のカーボネート類、脂肪族カルボン酸エステル類、γ-ラクトン類、環状エーテル類、鎖状エーテル類、並びにそれらのフッ素誘導体等が挙げられる。これらは、一種を単独で、又は二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
支持塩としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2等のリチウム塩が挙げられる。支持塩は、一種を単独で、又は二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本実施形態の二次電池は、負極活物質を有する負極を備える。負極活物質は負極結着剤によって負極集電体上に結着されることができる。負極としては、例えば、負極集電体上に、負極活物質と負極結着剤を含む負極活物質層が形成されたものを用いることができる。
本実施形態の二次電池は、正極活物質を有する正極を備える。正極活物質は正極結着剤によって正極集電体上に結着されることができる。正極は、正極集電体上に、正極活物質と正極結着剤を含む正極活物質層が形成されたものを用いることができる。
(上記の式において、xは0<x<2を満たし、aは0<a<1.2を満たし、Mは、Ni、Co、Fe、CrおよびCuよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素である。)。
(式(A)中、0.4≦x≦1.2、0≦y、x+y<2、0≦a≦1.2、0≦w≦1である。MはCo、Ni、Fe、Cr及びCuからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。Yは、Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、Ti、Si、K及びCaからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。Zは、F及びClからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
(式(B)中、0.4<x<0.6、0≦y<0.3、Aは、Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、Ti及びSiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
(式(C)中、Mは、Mn、Fe及びCoからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である)。
(式(D)中、M1は、Ni、Co及びFeからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。M2は、Li、Mg及びAlからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。0.1<x<0.5、0.05<y<0.3)。
(式(E)中、Mは、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
(式(F)中、0.1≦y≦0.5、0.33≦z≦0.7であって、Mは、Li、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
(式(G)中、0.1≦x<0.3、0.1≦y≦0.4、0.33≦z≦0.7であって、Mは、Li、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
セパレータとしては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の多孔質フィルムや不織布を用いることができる。また、セパレータとしては、セパレータとして用いられるポリマー基材にセラミックを含むコーティングを形成したセラミックコートセパレータを用いることもできる。また、セパレータとしては、それらを積層したものを用いることもできる。
外装体としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、ラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。例えば積層ラミネート型の二次電池の場合、アルミニウム、シリカをコーティングしたポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る二次電池の構成としては、特に本願発明が制限されるものではないが、例えば、正極および負極が対向配置された電極積層体と、電解液とが外装体に内包されている構成を挙げることができる。
<負極>
負極活物質として、黒鉛を用いた。この負極活物質と、負極結着剤としてのスチレン-ブタジエン共重合ゴム(SBR)と、増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、導電補助材としてのアセチレンブラックとを、96:2:1:1の質量比で計量した。なお、SBRとしては、ゴム粒子分散体(固形分40質量%)を用い、結着材の固形分が上記質量比となるように計量して用いた。
正極活物質として、LiMn2O4とLiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2を3:7の重量比で混合したものを用いた。この正極活物質と、導電補助材としてのカーボンブラックと、正極結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、90:5:5の質量比で計量した。そして、これらをN-メチルピロリドンと混合して、正極スラリーを調製した。正極スラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミ箔に塗布した後に乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで、正極を作製した。
得られた正極と負極を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを介して積層した。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接した。さらに、その溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極積層体を得た。
非水溶媒としてECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=30/70)を用いた。そして、式(1)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル化合物としての上記化合物(1001)を電解液中の含有量が0.8質量%となるように、酸無水物としての上記化合物(2001)を電解液中の含有量が0.5質量%となるように、支持塩としてのLiPF6を電解液中の濃度が1Mとなるように、それぞれ混合溶媒に添加し、電解液を調製した。
電極積層体を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルム内に収容し、外装体内部に電解液を注入した。その後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ外装体を封止し、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
(45℃1週間保存後の体積増加率)
作製した二次電池に対し、45℃に保った恒温槽で充放電を1回行った。充電は、1Cで4.15Vまで充電した後、合計で1.5時間定電圧充電を行い、放電は、1Cで2.5Vまで定電流放電した。その後、二次電池を45℃に保った恒温槽中に1週間保存し、保存後の体積増加率(%)を測定した。なお、体積は、アルキメデス法を用いて測定した。
酸無水物として化合物(2001)の代わりに上記化合物(2002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
酸無水物として化合物(2001)の代わりに上記化合物(2003)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
酸無水物として化合物(2001)の代わりに上記化合物(3001)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物として化合物(1001)の代わりに上記化合物(1002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物として化合物(1001)の代わりに上記化合物(1002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物として化合物(1001)の代わりに上記化合物(1002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物として化合物(1001)の代わりに上記化合物(1002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物及び酸無水物を用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
酸無水物を用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物を用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
比較例1及び比較例2を比べると、環状スルホン酸エステル化合物を電解液に添加すると、二次電池の体積増加率が大きくなる傾向にあることがわかる。また、比較例1及び比較例3を比べると、酸無水物を電解液に添加しても、二次電池の体積増加率が大きくなる傾向にあることがわかる。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、46ppmであった。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、58ppmであった。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、112ppmであった。
実施例1の結果を実施例12として表4に示した。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、597ppmであった。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、824ppmであった。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、1046ppmであった。
実施例9で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例10で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例11で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
比較例1の結果を比較例7として表4に示した。
実施例13で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例14で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例15で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例9で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例10で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例11で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
比較例2の結果を比較例14として表4に示した。
実施例13で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例14で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例15で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
表4に示されるように、環状スルホン酸エステル化合物及び酸無水物を含む電解液を備える二次電池(実施例9~15)は、環状スルホン酸エステル化合物のみを含む電解液を備える二次電池(比較例11~17)よりも、体積増加率が低下している。比較例3にも示すように、酸無水物のみを含む電解液を備える二次電池では体積増加率が増えているため、環状スルホン酸エステル化合物と酸無水物の相乗効果により実施例9~15では体積増加が抑制されたものと考えることができる。
2 負極活物質層
3 正極集電体
4 負極集電体
5 セパレータ
6 ラミネート外装体
7 ラミネート外装体
8 負極タブ
9 正極タブ
Claims (20)
- 支持塩と、該支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒と、下記式(1)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル化合物と、酸無水物と、を含む電解液;
- 前記環状スルホン酸エステル化合物は、下記式(11)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物である請求項1に記載の電解液;
(式(11)において、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~5のアルキル基、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~5のフルオロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又はアミノ基を示す。R3は、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~6のアルキレン基、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキレン基、カルボニル基、スルフィニル基、スルホニル基、又はエーテル結合を介して直鎖若しくは分岐鎖のアルキレン基又は直鎖若しくは分岐鎖のフルオロアルキレン基が結合した炭素数2~6の二価の基を示す。)。 - 前記式(11)において、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~5のアルキル基、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~5のフルオロアルキル基、又はフッ素原子を示し、R3は、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~6のアルキレン基、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキレン基を示す、請求項2に記載の電解液。
- 前記式(11)において、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又はフッ素原子を示し、R3は、メチレン基、エチレン基、フルオロメチレン基、又はフルオロエチレン基を示す、請求項2又は3に記載の電解液。
- 前記酸無水物は、カルボン酸無水物である請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電解液。
- 前記式(I)において、R101及びR102は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~5のアルキル基である、請求項6に記載の電解液。
- 前記酸無水物は、スルホン酸無水物である請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電解液。
- 前記酸無水物は、カルボン酸とスルホン酸の無水物である請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電解液。
- 前記環状スルホン酸エステル化合物の電解液中の含有量が、0.005~10質量%である請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の電解液。
- 前記酸無水物の電解液中の含有量が、0.005~10質量%である請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の電解液。
- 前記環状スルホン酸エステル化合物の電解液中の濃度Aと前記酸無水物の電解液中の濃度Bのモル比率B/Aが、1/10~10/1の範囲にある、請求項1乃至12のいずれかに記載の電解液。
- 前記環状スルホン酸エステル化合物は、下記式(11)で表される環状ジスルホン酸エステル化合物であり、
前記酸無水物は、カルボン酸無水物である請求項1に記載の電解液;
(式(11)において、R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~5のアルキル基、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~5のフルオロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又はアミノ基である。R3は、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~6のアルキレン基、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖の炭素数1~6のフルオロアルキレン基、カルボニル基、スルフィニル基、スルホニル基、又はエーテル結合を介して直鎖若しくは分岐鎖のアルキレン基又は直鎖若しくは分岐鎖のフルオロアルキレン基が結合した炭素数2~6の二価の基を示す。)。 - 前記式(I)において、R101及びR102は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~5のアルキル基である請求項15に記載の電解液。
- 前記環状スルホン酸エステル化合物の電解液中の含有量が、0.005~10質量%であり、
前記酸無水物の電解液中の含有量が、0.005~10質量%である請求項16に記載の電解液。 - 前記環状スルホン酸エステル化合物の電解液中の濃度Aと前記酸無水物の電解液中の濃度Bのモル比率B/Aが、1/10~10/1の範囲にある請求項17に記載の電解液。
- 請求項1乃至18のいずれかに記載の電解液を有する二次電池。
- さらに、負極活物質層を有する負極を備え、
前記負極活物質層は、水分散系ポリマー及び水系増粘剤を含有し、
該負極活物質層の水分量が50~1000ppmである請求項19に記載の二次電池。
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