JP2019117814A - 電解液及び二次電池 - Google Patents
電解液及び二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019117814A JP2019117814A JP2019087650A JP2019087650A JP2019117814A JP 2019117814 A JP2019117814 A JP 2019117814A JP 2019087650 A JP2019087650 A JP 2019087650A JP 2019087650 A JP2019087650 A JP 2019087650A JP 2019117814 A JP2019117814 A JP 2019117814A
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- negative electrode
- anhydride
- acid anhydride
- secondary battery
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- SPIQNASBHBLPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl carbonate Chemical class COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SPIQNASBHBLPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
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- KXPYQQGRMTVAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylsulfonyl pentane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCS(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)CCCCC KXPYQQGRMTVAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- SXBCGGYINVAVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F SXBCGGYINVAVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FWJGTOABGBFQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylsulfonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FWJGTOABGBFQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVOYPHMHTZCHFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylsulfonyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F JVOYPHMHTZCHFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
支持塩と、該支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒と、下記式(1)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル化合物と、酸無水物と、を含む電解液である。
本実施形態の一つは、上記電解液を有する二次電池である。
[1]電解液
本実施形態の電解液は、支持塩と、該支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒と、式(1)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル化合物と、酸無水物と、を含む。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物を電解液に添加した場合、二次電池の容量維持率を向上させることができるが、充放電に伴うガス発生が増加し、電池の体積増加が大きくなってしまう。本実施形態では、環状スルホン酸エステル化合物を含む電解液に酸無水物を加えることにより、環状スルホン酸エステル化合物を含む場合でも、ガス発生を抑制することができることがわかった。
<環状スルホン酸エステル化合物>
本実施形態における環状スルホン酸エステル化合物は、下記式(1)で表される。
R1又はR2のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基又はペンチル基等が挙げられる。これらのうち、メチル基、エチル基又はプロピル基が好ましい。
R1又はR2のアルキル基又はフルオロアルキル基の炭素数は、1,2,3,又は4であることが好ましい。
本実施形態における酸無水物は、酸無水物構造を1分子中に少なくとも1つ有する化合物であり、酸無水物の種類は限定されるものではない。また、酸無水物は酸無水物構造を1分子中に複数個有する化合物であってもよい。本実施形態における酸無水物としては、カルボン酸の無水物、スルホン酸の無水物、カルボン酸とスルホン酸との無水物が挙げられる。
ペンタフルオロエタンスルホン酸無水物、1,2−エタンジスルホン酸無水物、1,3−プロパンジスルホン酸無水物、1,4−ブタンジスルホン酸無水物、1,2−ベンゼンジスルホン酸無水物、テトラフルオロ−1,2−エタンジスルホン酸無水物、ヘキサフルオロ−1,3−プロパンジスルホン酸無水物、オクタフルオロ−1,4−ブタンジスルホン酸無水物、3−フルオロ−1,2−ベンゼンジスルホン酸無水物、4−フルオロ−1,2−ベンゼンジスルホン酸無水物3,4,5,6−テトラフルオロ−1,2−ベンゼンジスルホン酸無水物等が挙げられる。これらは、1種を単独で用いても良く、2種以上を混合して用いても良い。
式(I)において、R101及びR102は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基であることが好ましい。アルキル基は、直鎖状であっても分岐鎖状であってもよい。アルキル基の炭素数は、1,2,3又は4であることが好ましい。
式(I)で表される鎖状カルボン酸無水物の例としては、具体的には、以下の化合物が挙げられる。
式(III)において、R103は、単結合、二重結合、置換若しくは無置換の炭素数1〜5のアルキレン基、又は置換若しくは無置換の炭素数2〜5のアルケニレン基であることが好ましい。
環状カルボン酸無水物としては、無水コハク酸が好ましい。
非水溶媒としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、環状カーボネート類及び鎖状カーボネート類等のカーボネート類、脂肪族カルボン酸エステル類、γ−ラクトン類、環状エーテル類、鎖状エーテル類、並びにそれらのフッ素誘導体等が挙げられる。これらは、一種を単独で、又は二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
γ−ラクトン類としては、例えば、γ−ブチロラクトン等が挙げられる。
環状エーテル類としては、例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン等が挙げられる。
鎖状エーテル類としては、例えば、1,2−ジエトキシエタン(DEE)、エトキシメトキシエタン(EME)等が挙げられる。
支持塩としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2等のリチウム塩が挙げられる。支持塩は、一種を単独で、又は二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本実施形態の二次電池は、負極活物質を有する負極を備える。負極活物質は負極結着剤によって負極集電体上に結着されることができる。負極としては、例えば、負極集電体上に、負極活物質と負極結着剤を含む負極活物質層が形成されたものを用いることができる。
負極活物質層に含まれる水分量は、例えば、負極活物質層を形成した後の乾燥工程や、乾燥工程後の環境湿度により制御することができる。環境湿度は露点−40〜10℃であることが好ましい。
本実施形態の二次電池は、正極活物質を有する正極を備える。正極活物質は正極結着剤によって正極集電体上に結着されることができる。正極は、正極集電体上に、正極活物質と正極結着剤を含む正極活物質層が形成されたものを用いることができる。
Lia(MxMn2−x)O4
(上記の式において、xは0<x<2を満たし、aは0<a<1.2を満たし、Mは、Ni、Co、Fe、CrおよびCuよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素である。)。
Lia(MxMn2−x−yYy)(O4−wZw) (A)
(式(A)中、0.4≦x≦1.2、0≦y、x+y<2、0≦a≦1.2、0≦w≦1である。MはCo、Ni、Fe、Cr及びCuからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。Yは、Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、Ti、Si、K及びCaからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。Zは、F及びClからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
LiNixMn2−x−yAyO4 (B)
(式(B)中、0.4<x<0.6、0≦y<0.3、Aは、Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、Ti及びSiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
式(B)中、0≦y<0.2であることがより好ましい。
Li2MSiO4 (C)
(式(C)中、Mは、Mn、Fe及びCoからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である)。
Li(M1xM2yMn2−x−y)O2 (D)
(式(D)中、M1は、Ni、Co及びFeからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。M2は、Li、Mg及びAlからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。0.1<x<0.5、0.05<y<0.3)。
LiMPO4 (E)
(式(E)中、Mは、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
Li(MyMnz)O2 (F)
(式(F)中、0.1≦y≦0.5、0.33≦z≦0.7であって、Mは、Li、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
Li(LixMyMnz)O2 (G)
(式(G)中、0.1≦x<0.3、0.1≦y≦0.4、0.33≦z≦0.7であって、Mは、Li、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
セパレータとしては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の多孔質フィルムや不織布を用いることができる。また、セパレータとしては、セパレータとして用いられるポリマー基材にセラミックを含むコーティングを形成したセラミックコートセパレータを用いることもできる。また、セパレータとしては、それらを積層したものを用いることもできる。
外装体としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、ラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。例えば積層ラミネート型の二次電池の場合、アルミニウム、シリカをコーティングしたポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る二次電池の構成としては、特に本願発明が制限されるものではないが、例えば、正極および負極が対向配置された電極積層体と、電解液とが外装体に内包されている構成を挙げることができる。
<負極>
負極活物質として、黒鉛を用いた。この負極活物質と、負極結着剤としてのスチレン−ブタジエン共重合ゴム(SBR)と、増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、導電補助材としてのアセチレンブラックとを、96:2:1:1の質量比で計量した。なお、SBRとしては、ゴム粒子分散体(固形分40質量%)を用い、結着材の固形分が上記質量比となるように計量して用いた。
正極活物質として、LiMn2O4とLiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2を3:7の重量比で混合したものを用いた。この正極活物質と、導電補助材としてのカーボンブラックと、正極結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、90:5:5の質量比で計量した。そして、これらをN−メチルピロリドンと混合して、正極スラリーを調製した。正極スラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミ箔に塗布した後に乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで、正極を作製した。
得られた正極と負極を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを介して積層した。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接した。さらに、その溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極積層体を得た。
非水溶媒としてECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=30/70)を用いた。そして、式(1)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル化合物としての上記化合物(1001)を電解液中の含有量が0.8質量%となるように、酸無水物としての上記化合物(2001)を電解液中の含有量が0.5質量%となるように、支持塩としてのLiPF6を電解液中の濃度が1Mとなるように、それぞれ混合溶媒に添加し、電解液を調製した。
電極積層体を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルム内に収容し、外装体内部に電解液を注入した。その後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ外装体を封止し、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
(45℃1週間保存後の体積増加率)
作製した二次電池に対し、45℃に保った恒温槽で充放電を1回行った。充電は、1Cで4.15Vまで充電した後、合計で1.5時間定電圧充電を行い、放電は、1Cで2.5Vまで定電流放電した。その後、二次電池を45℃に保った恒温槽中に1週間保存し、保存後の体積増加率(%)を測定した。なお、体積は、アルキメデス法を用いて測定した。
酸無水物として化合物(2001)の代わりに上記化合物(2002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
酸無水物として化合物(2001)の代わりに上記化合物(2003)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
酸無水物として化合物(2001)の代わりに上記化合物(3001)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物として化合物(1001)の代わりに上記化合物(1002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物として化合物(1001)の代わりに上記化合物(1002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物として化合物(1001)の代わりに上記化合物(1002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物として化合物(1001)の代わりに上記化合物(1002)を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物及び酸無水物を用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
酸無水物を用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
環状スルホン酸エステル化合物を用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、46ppmであった。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、58ppmであった。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、112ppmであった。
実施例1の結果を実施例12として表4に示した。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、597ppmであった。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、824ppmであった。
熱処理後の環境湿度及び保存時間を変更して負極を作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、得られた負極の負極活物質層における水分量を測定したところ、1046ppmであった。
実施例9で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例10で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例11で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
比較例1の結果を比較例7として表4に示した。
実施例13で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例14で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例15で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例9で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例10で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例11で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
比較例2の結果を比較例14として表4に示した。
実施例13で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例14で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例15で得られた負極を用いたこと以外は、比較例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
2 負極活物質層
3 正極集電体
4 負極集電体
5 セパレータ
6 ラミネート外装体
7 ラミネート外装体
8 負極タブ
9 正極タブ
Claims (1)
- 支持塩と、該支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒と、下記式(1)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル化合物と、酸無水物と、を含む電解液;
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US20160226098A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
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