JP6620742B2 - 二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6620742B2 JP6620742B2 JP2016529592A JP2016529592A JP6620742B2 JP 6620742 B2 JP6620742 B2 JP 6620742B2 JP 2016529592 A JP2016529592 A JP 2016529592A JP 2016529592 A JP2016529592 A JP 2016529592A JP 6620742 B2 JP6620742 B2 JP 6620742B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- group
- acid anhydride
- negative electrode
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 97
- -1 halogenated cyclic acid anhydride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 67
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 43
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 40
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 28
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 11
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVLHNHNPUBWSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dioxooxathiolan-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CCS(=O)(=O)O1 RVLHNHNPUBWSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCC YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CF QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000457 gamma-lactone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NPWKAIACYUAHML-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[Ni+2] NPWKAIACYUAHML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isobutyrate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)C BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000006606 n-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003506 n-propoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLLYGDXCCNXESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoroacetyl) 2-fluoroacetate Chemical compound FCC(=O)OC(=O)CF KLLYGDXCCNXESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFQPRQIVKLIGMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethanesulfonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFQPRQIVKLIGMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVQMMMGIVFDCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WVQMMMGIVFDCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXMUPEZFTFXUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-oxo-3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-3-sulfopropanoyl)oxypropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(O)(=O)=O UXMUPEZFTFXUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- HHEIMYAXCOIQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C HHEIMYAXCOIQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAJCYQHLYBTSHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n,n-diethylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N(CC)CC VAJCYQHLYBTSHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFERKWPHLNVJOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F KFERKWPHLNVJOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCJXQRNXZKSOGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfonyl ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)CC CCJXQRNXZKSOGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UABDTQRKNGNOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfonyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OS(=O)(=O)CC UABDTQRKNGNOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJCGDVXUAOWKCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylsulfonyl hexane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCS(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)CCCCCC PJCGDVXUAOWKCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C(C)C WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IZDROVVXIHRYMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonic anhydride Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OS(C)(=O)=O IZDROVVXIHRYMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate Chemical class COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F GBPVMEKUJUKTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPIQNASBHBLPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl carbonate Chemical class COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SPIQNASBHBLPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VAGMFMWZIMXAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n,n-diethylcarbamate Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)OC VAGMFMWZIMXAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- QTERPHZOMDMPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OS(C)(=O)=O QTERPHZOMDMPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004708 n-butylthio group Chemical group C(CCC)S* 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004706 n-propylthio group Chemical group C(CC)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005029 naphthylthio group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXPYQQGRMTVAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylsulfonyl pentane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCS(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)CCCCC KXPYQQGRMTVAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKEWSXXUOLRFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimavanserin Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC(C)C)=CC=C1CNC(=O)N(C1CCN(C)CC1)CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 RKEWSXXUOLRFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SXBCGGYINVAVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F SXBCGGYINVAVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTRCLINFKXQIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfonyl propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)CCC OTRCLINFKXQIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGKFCGXPCNZTKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfonyl propanoate Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)OC(=O)CC NGKFCGXPCNZTKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid-anhydride Natural products CC=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=CC VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical class FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- FWJGTOABGBFQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylsulfonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FWJGTOABGBFQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVOYPHMHTZCHFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylsulfonyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F JVOYPHMHTZCHFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
本実施形態の電解液(非水電解液)は、支持塩と、該支持塩を溶解する非水溶媒と、ハロゲン化酸無水物と、を含み、ここで、非水溶媒は、非水溶媒中50体積%を超える量の低粘度の化合物を含む。
本実施形態におけるハロゲン化酸無水物は、酸無水物化合物が有する水素原子の内、少なくとも一つを、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素等のハロゲン原子で置換した化合物である(以下、水素原子の少なくとも一つをハロゲン原子で置換した化合物を単に「ハロゲン化物」または「ハロゲン化化合物」と記載することもある)。酸無水物化合物とは、酸無水物構造を1分子中に少なくとも1つ有する化合物であり、また、酸無水物は酸無水物構造を1分子中に複数個有する化合物であってもよい。
非水溶媒は、非水溶媒中50体積%を超える量の低粘度の化合物(以下、低粘度溶媒とも記載する)を含む。本実施形態において、低粘度溶媒の粘度は、1.0mPa・s以下であることが好ましい。低粘度溶媒の粘度の下限は特に限定されないが、一般には、0.1mPa・s以上が好ましい。なお、本明細書において、粘度は室温(通常25℃)における値である。
支持塩としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2等のリチウム塩が挙げられる。支持塩は、一種を単独で、又は二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本実施形態の二次電池は、負極活物質を有する負極を備える。負極活物質は負極結着剤によって負極集電体上に結着することができる。負極としては、例えば、負極集電体上に、負極活物質と負極結着剤を含む負極活物質層が形成されたものを用いることができる。
本実施形態の二次電池は、正極活物質を有する正極を備える。正極活物質は正極結着剤によって正極集電体上に結着することができる。正極は、正極集電体上に、正極活物質と正極結着剤を含む正極活物質層が形成されたものを用いることができる。
(但し、0≦x<1、0<y≦1.2、MはCo、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti及びBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素である。)
LiMPO4 (E)
セパレータとしては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の多孔質フィルムや不織布を用いることができる。また、セパレータとしては、セパレータとして用いられるポリマー基材にセラミックを含むコーティングを形成したセラミックコートセパレータを用いることもできる。また、セパレータとしては、それらを積層したものを用いることもできる。
外装体としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、ラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。例えば積層ラミネート型の二次電池の場合、アルミニウム、シリカをコーティングしたポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る二次電池の構成としては、特に本願発明が制限されるものではないが、例えば、正極および負極が対向配置された電極積層体と、電解液とが外装体に内包されている構成を挙げることができる。
(実施例1)
<負極>
負極活物質として、天然黒鉛を用いた。この負極活物質と、負極結着剤としてのスチレン−ブタジエン共重合ゴム(SBR)と、増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、導電補助材としてのアセチレンブラックとを、96:2:1:1の質量比で計量した。なお、SBRとしては、ゴム粒子分散体(固形分40質量%)を用い、結着材の固形分が上記質量比となるように計量して用いた。
正極活物質として、LiMn2O4とLiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2を3:7の重量比で混合したものを用いた。この正極活物質と、導電補助材としてのカーボンブラックと、正極結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、90:5:5の質量比で計量した。そして、これらをN−メチルピロリドンと混合して、正極スラリーを調製した。正極スラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミ箔に塗布した後に乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで、正極を作製した。
得られた正極と負極を、セパレータとしてのポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを介して積層した。正極活物質に覆われていない正極集電体および負極活物質に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接した。さらに、その溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子およびニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極積層体を得た。
非水溶媒としてECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=30/70)を用いた。そして、表1のNo.1で表されるハロゲン化酸無水物を電解液中の含有量が1質量%となるように、支持塩としてのLiPF6を電解液中の濃度が1Mとなるように、それぞれ混合溶媒に添加し、電解液を調製した。
電極積層体を外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルム内に収容し、外装体内部に電解液を注入した。その後、0.1気圧まで減圧しつつ外装体を封止し、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
(45℃200サイクル後の体積増加率)
作製した二次電池に対し、45℃に保った恒温槽で充放電を1回行った。充電は、1Cで4.15Vまで充電した後、合計で1.5時間定電圧充電を行い、放電は、1Cで2.5Vまで定電流放電した。その後、二次電池を上記と同じ条件で200サイクル充放電させ、体積増加率(%)を測定した。なお、体積は、アルキメデス法を用いて測定した。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.2を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.3を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.4を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.5を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水酢酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水コハク酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに下記式で表される比較化合物No.1を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに下記式で表される比較化合物No.2を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに下記式で表される比較化合物No.3を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
(実施例6)
正極活物質として、LiMn2O4とLiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2を3:7の重量比で混合したものの代わりにLiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2を単体で用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.2を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.3を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.4を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.5を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水酢酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水コハク酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに下記式で表される比較化合物No.1を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに下記式で表される比較化合物No.2を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに下記式で表される比較化合物No.3を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
(実施例11)
実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.5を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=40/60)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=40/60)を用い、ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.5を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=50/50)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=50/50)を用い、ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.5を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=30/70)を用い、ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水酢酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=30/70)を用い、ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水コハク酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=40/60)を用い、ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水酢酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=40/60)を用い、ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水コハク酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=50/50)を用い、ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水酢酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水電解液の溶媒にECとDECの混合溶媒(体積比:EC/DEC=50/50)を用い、ハロゲン化酸無水物化合物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水コハク酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
(実施例15)
負極活物質として、天然黒鉛の代わりに人造黒鉛を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表5に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.5を用いたこと以外は、実施例15と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表5に示す。
実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表5に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物として化合物No.1の代わりに表1の化合物No.5を用いたこと以外は、実施例17と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表5に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水酢酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例15と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表5に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水コハク酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例15と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表5に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水酢酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例17と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表5に示す。
ハロゲン化酸無水物である化合物No.1の代わりに無水コハク酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例17と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表5に示す。
2 負極活物質層
3 正極集電体
4 負極集電体
5 セパレータ
6 ラミネート外装体
7 ラミネート外装体
8 負極タブ
9 正極タブ
10 フィルム外装体
20 電池要素
25 セパレータ
30 正極
40 負極
Claims (12)
- 正極および負極を含む電極素子と、電解液とを有する二次電池であって、
前記電解液が、支持塩と、粘度1.0mPa・s以下の化合物を非水溶媒中60体積%以上の量で含む非水溶媒と、ハロゲン化環状酸無水物と、を含み、
前記負極が負極活物質を含み、該負極活物質が黒鉛を含む、二次電池。 - 前記ハロゲン化環状酸無水物が、フッ素化環状酸無水物である、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記ハロゲン化環状酸無水物が、ハロゲン化環状カルボン酸無水物である、請求項1または2に記載の二次電池。
- 前記ハロゲン化環状酸無水物が、炭素骨格がすべて単結合で形成された化合物である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記ハロゲン化環状酸無水物が、水素原子がすべてフッ素原子で置換された化合物である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記ハロゲン化環状酸無水物が、炭素骨格がすべて単結合で形成され、かつ、水素原子がすべてフッ素原子で置換された化合物である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記粘度1.0mPa・s以下の化合物が、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートよりなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種類の化合物である請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記ハロゲン化環状酸無水物の電解液中の含有量が、0.005〜10質量%である請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質が人造黒鉛を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池を搭載した車両。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池を用いた蓄電システム。
- 正極および負極を含む電極素子と、電解液とを有する二次電池の製造方法であって、
前記負極が負極活物質を含み、該負極活物質が黒鉛を含み、
粘度1.0mPa・s以下の化合物を非水溶媒中60体積%以上の量で含む非水溶媒に、支持塩とハロゲン化環状酸無水物を混合することにより、電解液を製造する工程を含む、方法。
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CN102324562A (zh) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-01-18 | 上海空间电源研究所 | 含氟取代丁二酸酐及丁二酸酐衍生物的非水电解液及包含它的碱金属二次电池 |
JP2013093300A (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-05-16 | Sony Corp | 二次電池用電解液、二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
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CN103178251B (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-07-28 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 锂离子动力电池正极材料及包含该材料的锂离子动力电池 |
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CN103400993B (zh) * | 2013-08-14 | 2014-03-26 | 青海绿草地新能源科技有限公司 | 一种电池正极和锂离子电池 |
WO2015037382A1 (ja) | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | 電解液及び二次電池 |
CN103825015B (zh) * | 2014-01-10 | 2016-09-07 | 兰州金里能源科技有限公司 | 高压实密度镍钴锰酸锂ncm523三元材料的制备方法 |
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