WO2013099000A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池,そのセパレータ,およびそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池,そのセパレータ,およびそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013099000A1 WO2013099000A1 PCT/JP2011/080430 JP2011080430W WO2013099000A1 WO 2013099000 A1 WO2013099000 A1 WO 2013099000A1 JP 2011080430 W JP2011080430 W JP 2011080430W WO 2013099000 A1 WO2013099000 A1 WO 2013099000A1
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- separator
- electrode plate
- ion secondary
- secondary battery
- lithium ion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49114—Electric battery cell making including adhesively bonding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery suitable for use under high-rate conditions. More specifically, the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery using a separator having a heat-resistant layer as a separator between positive and negative electrodes, its separator, and a method for manufacturing them.
- a separator is sandwiched between both electrodes in an electrode body formed by laminating a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- a porous film made of a resin material such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) is generally used. This is basically to allow the permeation of ions while preventing a short circuit between the two electrodes. Another reason is to cause a so-called shutdown when the battery temperature rises transiently.
- a separator having a heat-resistant layer formed on one surface may be used. This is because a short circuit between both electrodes is not caused even during shutdown.
- the heat-resistant layer of the same document is composed of plate boehmite and an organic binder (for example, claim 2 of the same document). According to [0033] of the same document, it is said that blending plate boehmite in the heat-resistant layer is advantageous for preventing short circuit. The reason for this is that the plate-like fine particles tend to be oriented in a fixed plane orientation in the heat-resistant layer, and this explains that the through-holes between both surfaces of the heat-resistant layer are not linear but bent. Yes.
- the present invention has been made to solve the problems of the conventional techniques described above. That is, the problem is to provide a lithium-ion secondary battery that uses a separator having a heat-resistant layer and hardly increases in resistance even when used under high-rate conditions, its separator, and a method for manufacturing them.
- a lithium ion secondary battery includes an electrode body formed by laminating a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate with a separator interposed therebetween, and a non-impregnated electrode body.
- the active material of the positive electrode plate contains a lithium composite oxide
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains lithium ions.
- the separator is provided with a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic oxide particles and a binder on at least one side, and the component of the inorganic oxide particles is gallium in the range of 5 to 200 ppm by weight in the aluminum oxide. Is contained.
- the inorganic oxide particles in the heat-resistant layer of the separator are components containing an appropriate amount of gallium in the aluminum oxide.
- the hardness of the inorganic oxide particles is very high. For this reason, the above lithium ion secondary battery is less likely to be crushed by inorganic oxide particles even when charging / discharging at a high rate. Therefore, there is little increase in battery resistance.
- aluminum oxide corresponds to at least alumina and boehmite.
- the separator in one embodiment of the present invention is a separator in the above lithium ion secondary battery. That is, it is laminated together with a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate of a lithium ion secondary battery to form an electrode body, and is provided with a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic oxide particles and a binder on at least one side.
- This component is an aluminum oxide containing gallium in the range of 5 to 200 ppm by weight.
- the lithium ion secondary battery includes a step of forming a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic oxide particles and a binder on at least one surface of a separator base film, a separator formed with the heat-resistant layer as a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate.
- the electrode body is manufactured by stacking while being sandwiched between the two, and the process of housing the electrode body in the battery case and injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte into the battery case.
- the inorganic oxide particles those containing aluminum oxide containing 5 to 200 ppm by weight of gallium are used.
- the separator is manufactured by a process of forming a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic oxide particles and a binder on at least one side of the separator base film.
- inorganic oxide particles those containing aluminum oxide containing 5 to 200 ppm by weight of gallium are used.
- the inorganic oxide particles are preferably those in which the contained gallium is segregated at the crystal grain boundaries of the aluminum oxide. This is because the effect of increasing the hardness of the inorganic oxide particles can be obtained more satisfactorily by segregation of gallium grain boundaries. For this reason, the inorganic oxide particles are preferably subjected to an annealing treatment before being subjected to the step of forming the heat-resistant layer. This is because the annealing treatment can segregate the contained gallium to the crystal grain boundaries of the aluminum oxide.
- a lithium ion secondary battery a separator thereof, and a method for manufacturing the same, which use a separator having a heat-resistant layer and hardly increase in resistance even when used under high-rate conditions.
- Electrode winding body (electrode body) 120 Electrode winding body (electrode body) 130 Electrolytic solution 241 Heat-resistant layer
- a battery 100 in FIG. 1 is a lithium ion secondary battery in which an electrode winding body 120 is housed in a battery case 140.
- the battery case 140 forms the outer diameter of the battery 100 and has a flat rectangular shape.
- an electrolytic solution 130 is accommodated in the battery case 140. A part of the electrode winding body 120 is immersed in the electrolytic solution 130. For this reason, a part of the electrolytic solution 130 is impregnated in the electrode winding body 120.
- the electrolytic solution 130 is a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing lithium ions.
- the electrode winding body 120 is obtained by winding and laminating a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator, and has a flat shape as shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode plate 22 and the negative electrode plate 23 are laminated with the separator 24 interposed therebetween.
- the electrode winding body 120 has a central power storage unit 121 in the winding axis direction, and a positive electrode end 122 and a negative electrode end 123 on both sides thereof.
- the power storage unit 121 is a part where all of the positive electrode plate 22, the negative electrode plate 23, and the separator 24 are wound, and is a part where a battery reaction occurs.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the power storage unit 121.
- the positive electrode end portion 122 is a portion where only the positive electrode plate 22 is wound.
- the negative electrode end 123 is a portion where only the negative electrode plate 23 is wound. Both the positive electrode plate 22 and the negative electrode plate 23 are obtained by forming an active material layer on a current collector foil. However, the active material layer is formed only on the power storage unit 121.
- the active material layer of the positive electrode plate 22 contains lithium composite oxide as an active material.
- the active material layer of the negative electrode plate 23 contains graphite as an active material.
- the battery case 140 includes a case main body 141 and a lid member 142.
- a positive electrode terminal member 150 is connected to the positive electrode end 122 of the electrode winding body 120.
- a negative electrode terminal member 160 is connected to the negative electrode end portion 123.
- the positive electrode terminal member 150 and the negative electrode terminal member 160 partially protrude through the lid member 142 and project outside the battery case 140 to form a positive electrode external terminal 151 and a negative electrode external terminal 161.
- An insulating seal member 143 is provided between the lid member 142 and the positive electrode terminal member 150 and between the lid member 142 and the negative electrode terminal member 160.
- This embodiment can also be applied to the cylindrical battery 101 shown in FIGS.
- the electrode winding body 102 is also cylindrical.
- the can lid 103 and the can bottom 104 serve as positive and negative external terminals.
- the separator 24 in this embodiment is obtained by forming a heat-resistant layer 241 on one surface of a base film 240.
- the base film 240 is a porous film of a resin material.
- the resin material is preferably a polyolefin-based material, and specifically, a polyethylene (PE) single-layer film or a polypropylene (PP) -polyethylene-polypropylene three-layer laminated film is often used.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- the heat-resistant layer 241 is provided on the side facing the positive electrode plate 22.
- the heat-resistant layer 241 may be provided on either side. Alternatively, the heat-resistant layer 241 may be provided on both sides.
- the heat-resistant layer 241 is a layer in which filler particles are deposited.
- the filler an inorganic oxide powder such as alumina (aluminum oxide) or boehmite (aluminum oxide hydrate) is used.
- the heat-resistant layer 241 contains a binder in addition to the filler.
- resin materials such as acrylic, SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), polyolefin, and fluororesin are used.
- the heat-resistant layer 241 is a layer formed by applying a paste obtained by kneading a filler and a binder to the surface of the base film 240. When kneading, a thickener can be further added to the filler and binder.
- the inorganic oxide particles of the filler those containing gallium are used.
- the gallium content is in the range of 5 to 200 ppm by weight.
- Inclusion of gallium has the effect of increasing the hardness of the filler particles. For this reason, even when the battery 100 is used under high-rate conditions, the filler particles are not easily destroyed. This improves battery performance. In particular, the effect can be obtained more strongly by annealing the filler particles at a high temperature. This is probably because gallium segregates at the grain boundaries in the filler particles due to the annealing treatment.
- the various materials used for manufacturing the battery 100 in this embodiment are specifically as follows.
- Base film A PE single layer porous film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was used. As described above, a PP / PE / PP three-layer porous film can also be used.
- Filler Alumina particles or boehmite particles containing gallium were used. In the case of alumina particles, those having D50 in the range of 0.2 to 1.2 ⁇ m and BET in the range of 1.3 to 100 m 2 / g were used. In the case of boehmite particles, those having D50 in the range of 0.2 to 1.8 ⁇ m and BET in the range of 2.8 to 100 m 2 / g were used.
- ⁇ Binder An acrylic binder was used.
- a binder such as an SBR type, a polyolefin type, or a fluororesin type can also be used.
- -Thickener CMC (carboxyl methylcellulose) was used.
- MC methyl cellulose
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- D50 is an index related to the particle diameter, and means that particles having a weight ratio of 50% or more have a particle diameter within the range.
- the measured values by the laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device LA-920 manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. were used within the above range.
- BET is the specific surface area (surface area per weight) of the particles.
- a measurement value obtained by using a BET specific surface area / pore distribution measuring device ASAP2010 manufactured by Micromeritics Incorporation was used.
- Active material NCM111 (lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide)
- Conductive material Acetylene black
- Binder PVdF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
- Current collector foil Aluminum foil (15 ⁇ m thick) -Weight per unit area: 9.8 to 15.2 mg / cm 2 ⁇ Density of active material layer: 1.8 to 2.4 g / cm 3
- the manufacturing method of the battery 100 in this embodiment is performed according to the following procedure. 1. Preparation of electrode plate and separator ⁇ 2. Preparation of electrode winding body ⁇ 3. Storing and pouring the electrode winding body into the battery case
- the separator in “1.” is manufactured by the following procedure. The separator after coating is subjected to winding after drying. 1-1. Mixing of filler particles and binder ⁇ 1-2. Application of kneaded paste to substrate film
- Coating / Coating method Gravure coating / gravure roll: 100 lines / 25.4 mm, cell volume: 19.5 cm 3 / m 2 ⁇ Coating speed: Line speed 3m / min, Roll speed 3.8m / min (Speed ratio 1: 1.27)
- a cylindrical battery 101 of 18650 size (diameter 18 mm ⁇ length 65 mm) was produced from the above materials, the battery resistance before and after high-rate cycle charge / discharge was measured, and the rate of increase in resistance due to the high-rate cycle was calculated. The lower the resistance increase rate, the better. This is because even if high-rate charging / discharging is performed, there is little deterioration in battery performance.
- the size of the electrode plate used for the production of this battery is as follows. ⁇ Positive electrode plate: Thickness 80-90 ⁇ m, electrode plate length 220-230mm, electrode plate width 50-55mm ⁇ Negative electrode plate: thickness 70-80 ⁇ m, electrode plate length 290-300mm, electrode plate width 55-60mm
- Table 1 shows the measurement results for Examples using boehmite as the type of inorganic oxide particles of the filler. In the example of Table 1, the annealing process described later is not performed.
- the numbers in the “No.” column in Table 1 are sample numbers.
- the column “Ga content” indicates the gallium content in the inorganic oxide particles of each sample number in ppm by weight.
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- iCAP 6300 manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. was used.
- HV shows the measured value of Vickers hardness of the filler.
- the “resistance increase rate” column indicates the battery resistance increase rate expressed by the following equation.
- the Ga content is 0. That is, no. 1 is a comparative example which does not contain gallium.
- the HV is 583 and the resistance increase rate is 27.
- a resistance increase rate of 27 means that the battery resistance after the high-rate cycle is increased 1.27 times the battery resistance before the high-rate cycle.
- boehmite containing an appropriate amount of gallium is harder than boehmite not containing gallium, and thus has a large HV value. This is thought to be because dissimilar atoms, that is, gallium atoms, exist in the boehmite crystal, thereby preventing the transition of the transition in the boehmite crystal.
- the battery resistance does not increase so much even when used under a high rate condition. This is because the filler is hard and does not crush even when the internal pressure rises at the high rate, and does not block the pores of the heat-resistant layer 241 of the separator 24.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results for Examples using alumina as the kind of inorganic oxide particles of the filler. Even in the examples of Table 2, the annealing process described later is not performed.
- the meanings of the columns “No.”, “Ga content”, “HV”, “resistance increase rate”, and “evaluation” in Table 2 are the same as those described in Table 1.
- the relationship between “No.” and “Ga content” is also the same as that in Table 1.
- a better effect can be obtained by annealing the filler. This is thought to be because the gallium atoms in the filler segregate at the grain boundaries while being held at a high temperature, thereby further increasing the hardness of the filler.
- This annealing process needs to be performed at least before kneading. This is because if the annealing treatment is performed after kneading, for example, after coating or winding, other parts such as the base film are damaged by heat.
- the annealing process is performed at the stage of the bulk oxide before pulverization.
- the effect of the annealing treatment on the HV and resistance increase values can be known by performing micro-Vickers measurement on the bulk oxide that has been subjected to the annealing treatment and subjecting it to the steps after pulverization.
- annealing may be performed in the state of the powder filler after pulverization.
- Tables 3 and 4 show the measurement results for the examples subjected to the annealing process.
- Table 3 is an example using boehmite as the kind of inorganic oxide particles of the filler
- Table 4 is an example using alumina.
- 6 samples with gallium content in the range of 5 to 200 ppm by weight showed significantly better results for both HV and resistance increase rate. ing. On the other hand, good results were not obtained with the other three samples.
- the graph of FIG. 7 is a graph in which the values of HV and resistance increase rate in Tables 1 and 3 are plotted against the gallium content.
- the horizontal axis indicates the gallium content
- the left vertical axis indicates HV
- the right vertical axis indicates the rate of increase in resistance.
- the following points can be seen by looking at each plot point where the gallium content is in the range of 5 to 200 ppm by weight.
- HV in the comparison between the same gallium contents, the values with annealing are higher than those without annealing. This is the effect of increasing the hardness due to segregation of grain boundaries in gallium by annealing. Accordingly, with respect to the rate of increase in resistance, the value with the annealing is superior to the value without annealing, that is, the lower value, regardless of the gallium content.
- the illustration of the graph as shown in FIG. 7 is omitted, but there is an annealing effect as in the case of boehmite. The effect can be understood by comparing the results in Tables 2 and 4.
- the temperature at the annealing treatment is 300 ° C. in the examples of Table 3 and 900 ° C. in the examples of Table 4, but it is not necessary to be this temperature. However, since the effect of annealing cannot be obtained unless the temperature is high to some extent, 250 ° C. in the case of boehmite and 850 ° C. in the case of alumina are the lower limit temperatures. If the temperature is too high, the oxide of the filler will be decomposed, so that the upper limit temperature is 350 ° C. for boehmite and 950 ° C. for alumina. Regarding the annealing time, the 12 hours in Tables 3 and 4 are examples. If the annealing time is too short, there is no effect, and if it is too long, it may cause over-segregation and result in the same situation as in the case of excessive content. For this reason, it is within the range of 6 hours to 72 hours.
- a battery in which gallium is added at a content within a predetermined range to boehmite or alumina, which is an inorganic oxide used as a filler for the heat-resistant layer is used.
- the hardness of the filler of the heat-resistant layer 241 of the separator 24 is extremely high due to the inclusion of an appropriate amount of gallium. For this reason, even if the battery of this embodiment performs high-rate charge / discharge, the resistance increase due to the crushing of the filler hardly occurs.
- a lithium ion secondary battery, its separator, and a method for manufacturing the same are realized, which uses the separator 24 having the heat-resistant layer 241 and hardly increases resistance even when used under high-rate conditions. . Furthermore, the effect by containing gallium can be more strongly obtained by subjecting the filler to an annealing treatment at a stage prior to the kneading step.
- this embodiment is merely an example, and does not limit the present invention. Therefore, the present invention can naturally be improved and modified in various ways without departing from the gist thereof.
- the filler containing gallium in this embodiment, boehmite or alumina manufactured to contain a predetermined amount of gallium from the beginning is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and gallium may be added by post-treatment to boehmite or alumina not containing gallium.
- the size, shape of each part, and each source material used are arbitrary.
- the examples shown in Tables 1 to 4 are test results with the cylindrical battery 101, but the same result is obtained with the flat battery 100.
- the electrode body in the case of a flat battery is not limited to an electrode winding body in which an electrode plate or the like is wound, but may be an electrode laminated body in which electrode plates or the like are stacked in a flat stack.
Abstract
Description
23 負極板
24 セパレータ
102 電極捲回体(電極体)
120 電極捲回体(電極体)
130 電解液
241 耐熱層
・基材フィルム……厚さ20μmのPE単層多孔質フィルムを使用した。
なお上記のように,PP/PE/PP3層多孔質フィルムを使用することもできる。
・フィラー……アルミナ粒子またはベーマイト粒子であってガリウムを含有するものを使用した。
アルミナ粒子の場合,D50が0.2~1.2μm,BETが1.3~100m2/g の範囲内のものを用いた。ベーマイト粒子の場合,D50が0.2~1.8μm,BETが2.8~100m2/gの範囲内のものを用いた。
・バインダ……アクリル系バインダを使用した。
なお上記のように,SBR系,ポリオレフィン系,フッ素樹脂系などのバインダを使用することもできる。
・増粘剤……CMC(カルボキシルメチルセルロース)を使用した。
なお,MC(メチルセルロース),NMP(N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)を使用することも可能である。
・活物質……NCM111(リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物)
・導電材……アセチレンブラック
・バインダ……PVdF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)
・集電箔……アルミ箔(15μm厚)
・目付量……9.8~15.2mg/cm2
・活物質層の密度……1.8~2.4g/cm3
・活物質……アモルファスコートグラファイト
・導電材……SBR
・バインダ……CMC
・集電箔……銅箔(10μm厚)
・目付量……4.8~10.2mg/cm2
・活物質層の密度……0.8~1.4g/cm3
・電解質……LiPF6
・溶媒……混合液(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネート:ジメチルカーボネート=3:4:3)
本形態における電池100の製造方法は,次の手順によって行われる。
1.電極板およびセパレータの作製
↓
2.電極捲回体の作製
↓
3.電池ケースへの電極捲回体の収納および注液
1-1.フィラー粒子とバインダとの混練
↓
1-2.混練したペーストの基材フィルムへの塗工
・混練機……エム・テクニック社(M Technique Co., Ltd.)製の超音波分散機「クリアミックス」
・材料配合比……フィラー:バインダ:増粘剤=96.7:2.6:0.7(重量比)
・混練時間……予備混練(15000rpm)5分+本混練(20000rpm)15分
・塗工方法……グラビア塗工
・グラビアロール……線数100本/25.4mm,セル容積19.5cm3/m2
・塗工速度……ライン速度3m/分,ロール速度3.8m/分(速度比1:1.27)
マイクロビッカース測定機により測定した。このため,フィラーの無機酸化物として塊状のものを用意した。塊状の無機酸化物にてビッカース硬さを測定し,測定後に[0025]に記した粒径の粒子に粉砕して混練に供した。フィラーのビッカース硬さは,数値が大きいほど,つまり硬いほど好ましい。フィラーが硬い材質のものであるということは,ハイレート使用時の圧力下でも割れにくいということだからである。
上記材料により18650サイズ(直径18mm×長さ65mm)の円筒型電池101を作製し,ハイレートサイクル充放電前後での電池抵抗を測定し,ハイレートサイクルによる抵抗の上昇率を算出した。抵抗上昇率は,低いほどよい。ハイレート充放電を行っても,電池性能の低下が少ないということだからである。この電池の作製に供した電極板のサイズは,以下の通りである。
・正極板……厚み80~90μm,極板長220~230mm,極板幅50~55mm
・負極板……厚み70~80μm,極板長290~300mm,極板幅55~60mm
・充電……1.05アンペア×40秒
・放電……4.2アンペア×10秒
・充電と放電との間隔……いずれも5秒
・測定温度……25℃
・サイクル数……5000サイクル
Claims (8)
- 正極板と負極板とを間にセパレータを挟み込みつつ積層してなる電極体と,前記電極体に含浸された非水電解液とを有し,前記正極板の活物質にリチウム複合酸化物が含まれ,前記非水電解液にリチウムイオンが含まれるリチウムイオン二次電池において,
前記セパレータは,無機酸化物粒子とバインダーとを含有する耐熱層を少なくとも片面に備えたものであり,
前記無機酸化物粒子の成分が,アルミニウム酸化物に5~200重量ppmの範囲内のガリウムを含有させたものであることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池において,
前記無機酸化物粒子は,含有しているガリウムがアルミニウム酸化物の結晶粒界に偏析しているものであることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - リチウムイオン二次電池の正極板および負極板とともに積層されて電極体をなすセパレータにおいて,
無機酸化物粒子とバインダーとを含有する耐熱層を少なくとも片面に備えており,
前記無機酸化物粒子の成分が,アルミニウム酸化物に5~200重量ppmの範囲内のガリウムを含有させたものであることを特徴とするセパレータ。 - 請求項3に記載のセパレータにおいて,
前記無機酸化物粒子は,含有しているガリウムがアルミニウム酸化物の結晶粒界に偏析しているものであることを特徴とするセパレータ。 - 正極板と負極板とを間にセパレータを挟み込みつつ積層してなる電極体と,前記電極体に含浸された非水電解液とを有し,前記正極板の活物質にリチウム複合酸化物が含まれ,前記非水電解液にリチウムイオンが含まれるリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法において,
セパレータの基材フィルムの少なくとも片面に無機酸化物粒子とバインダーとを含有する耐熱層を形成する工程と,
前記耐熱層を形成されたセパレータを前記正極板と前記負極板との間に挟み込みつつ積層して電極体を作製する工程と,
前記電極体を電池ケースに収納するともに非水電解液を前記電池ケースに注入する工程とを有し,
前記無機酸化物粒子として,アルミニウム酸化物に5~200重量ppmの範囲内のガリウムを含有させた成分のものを用いることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法において,
前記無機酸化物粒子として,前記耐熱層を形成する工程に供される前にアニーリング処理が行われたものを用いることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。 - リチウムイオン二次電池の正極板および負極板とともに積層されて電極体をなすセパレータの製造方法において,
セパレータの基材フィルムの少なくとも片面に無機酸化物粒子とバインダーとを含有する耐熱層を形成する工程を有し,
前記無機酸化物粒子として,アルミニウム酸化物に5~200重量ppmの範囲内のガリウムを含有させた成分のものを用いることを特徴とするセパレータの製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載のセパレータの製造方法において,
前記無機酸化物粒子として,前記耐熱層を形成する工程に供される前にアニーリング処理が行われたものを用いることを特徴とするセパレータの製造方法。
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