WO2013065564A1 - スパッタリングターゲットおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
スパッタリングターゲットおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013065564A1 WO2013065564A1 PCT/JP2012/077566 JP2012077566W WO2013065564A1 WO 2013065564 A1 WO2013065564 A1 WO 2013065564A1 JP 2012077566 W JP2012077566 W JP 2012077566W WO 2013065564 A1 WO2013065564 A1 WO 2013065564A1
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- sputtering target
- sintered body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/3414—Targets
- H01J37/3426—Material
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/081—Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
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- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
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- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
- C04B2235/662—Annealing after sintering
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- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
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- C04B2235/787—Oriented grains
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sputtering target and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Sputtering is usually a method in which ions accelerated by glow discharge are struck against a sputtering target, and a film material ejected from the target by its kinetic energy is formed on a substrate.
- a target using a magnesium oxide sintered body (hereinafter also referred to as “magnesium oxide target”, “magnesia target”, “MgO target”) is a tunnel magnet used in a magnetic head of a hard disk, a high-performance nonvolatile memory, or the like. It is used as a film material of a tunnel barrier layer of a resistance element (TMR element) and as a supply source of a film material in a purpose of forming a protective film or an insulating film in a plasma display panel (PDP).
- TMR element resistance element
- a TMR element is an element that detects a change in external magnetic force using the tunnel magnetoresistance effect, and has an extremely thin insulator layer (tunnel barrier layer) of several nanometers or less sandwiched between conductors (electrodes). .
- a TMR element having a larger electric resistance change rate (MR ratio) can detect a change in magnetic force more sensitively and has higher performance, and magnesium oxide is particularly promising as a tunnel barrier layer material.
- a high-frequency sputtering apparatus is used to form the magnesium oxide sputtered film.
- a magnesium oxide target is bonded to an electrode, a substrate is disposed on the counter electrode of the electrode, and a film is deposited on the substrate by sputter discharge in an atmosphere such as argon under reduced pressure.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an invention relating to a “magnesium oxide sintered body / sputtering target in which the sintered density is close to the theoretical density and gas emission is small and the (111) plane is oriented to promote secondary electron emission during sputtering”. Is disclosed.
- the magnesium oxide sputtering target of Patent Document 1 is composed of a sintered body in which a large number of (111) planes are crystallized on a surface to which uniaxial pressure is applied, and secondary electron emission during sputtering is promoted to increase sputtering efficiency. It is supposed to improve. In the examples, the average crystal grain size is all about 10 ⁇ m.
- the deposition rate of magnesium oxide sputtering target is improved by adjusting the purity within a range of 97.5% to 99.5% with a purity of 99.50% or more and less than 99.99%.
- a purity of 99.50% or more and less than 99.99% Is disclosed.
- an example of a 99.99% sintered body fired at 1650 ° C. in an atmospheric furnace is reported.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a method for efficient aqueous granulation of magnesium oxide powder, and a purity of 99.985 in a cubic shape with a specific surface area of 7.5 m 2 / g obtained by a gas phase oxidation reaction method.
- Magnesium oxide is granulated using polyethylene glycol or ammonium polycarboxylate, molded and fired at 1650 ° C. in an electric furnace to obtain a sintered body having a relative density of 96.1%.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a crystal structure of a sintered body that improves the sputtering efficiency, but the performance of the formed sputtered film is not verified.
- the film material itself is high withstand voltage and high in reliability compared to the sputtering efficiency, and the film thickness distribution / quality of the sputtered film is high. Homogeneity is more important.
- Patent Document 2 also proposes a material that places importance on the efficiency of sputtering, and does not examine the performance of the formed film material.
- the purity should not exceed 99.99%.
- Some of the comparative examples have a purity of 99.99%, but the relative density remains in the range of 97.8 to 98.0%. With this sintered body, a high withstand voltage of the sputtered film is achieved. And cannot be homogenized.
- Patent Document 3 although the granulation process is improved, the relative density of the finally obtained sintered body remains at 96.1%.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sputtering target having both high insulation resistance and homogeneity and capable of forming a magnesium oxide insulating layer, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the inventors of the present invention have the physical properties of a magnesium oxide thin film used as an insulating layer of various devices, in particular, excellent insulation resistance and homogeneity in a sputtered film formed by sputtering using the target.
- the magnesium oxide sintered body which is the target raw material, with a purity of 99.99% or higher (4N), further 99.995% or higher (4N5 ), More preferably 99.999% or more (5N), and it is effective to improve the relative density of the high-purity magnesium oxide sintered body and to refine the crystal grain size.
- the present invention was completed.
- the gist of the present invention is a sputtering target of the following (1) to (7) and a manufacturing method of the sputtering target of the following (8) to (10).
- Hot press sintering at 1250 to 1350 ° C. is performed to obtain a sintered body, followed by annealing at 1250 to 1400 ° C. in the atmosphere.
- a sputtering target using a magnesium oxide sintered body is performed to obtain a sintered body, followed by annealing at 1250 to 1400 ° C. in the atmosphere.
- the sputtering target of the present invention can have excellent insulation resistance, a small surface roughness and excellent homogeneity in a sputtered film formed by sputtering using the sputtering target.
- a sputtered film having excellent insulation resistance and excellent homogeneity becomes a film having stable electrical characteristics and dielectric constant even with an extremely thin film, and contributes to, for example, improving the performance of a TMR element.
- a magnesium oxide sintered body having a mass% and a purity of 99.995% or more (4N5), more preferably a purity of 99.999% or more (5N) can be used.
- a sputtered film with higher withstand voltage is obtained.
- Magnesium oxide sintered body is obtained by firing raw material powder having the same level of purity as the target purity, but it is difficult to obtain a sufficiently dense sintered body by normal pressure sintering in a normal atmospheric furnace. It is preferable to perform hot press sintering described in the above.
- the relative density of the sputtering target (value obtained by dividing the measured density by the theoretical density as a percentage) is low, the surface roughness of the sputtered film obtained by sputtering using the target increases, resulting in a homogeneous thin film. It will adversely affect the process. In addition, the number of pores in the substrate is increased, and a small amount of moisture is adsorbed in the substrate, so that water is released during the sputtering process, which adversely affects the characteristics of the sputtered film. For this reason, the relative density is preferably set to a level exceeding 98%, particularly preferably 99% or more.
- Average crystal grain size When the average crystal grain size of the sputtering target is large, the surface roughness of the sputtered film obtained by sputtering using the target increases, which adversely affects the homogenization of the thin film. For this reason, it is preferable to make the average crystal grain size as small as possible, and it is particularly necessary to make it 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the average crystal grain size is more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- Crystal orientation In the case of magnesium oxide, the crystal orientation of the (111) plane is promoted, which causes anisotropy. With a sputtering target in which the crystal orientation of the (111) plane is promoted, it becomes difficult to obtain a sputtered film having a uniform thickness distribution.
- the degree of crystal orientation of the (111) plane can be quantitatively compared by taking the peak intensity ratio by X-ray diffraction with the (200) plane, which is the strongest peak of magnesium oxide, and I (111) / I (200) The ratio is preferably 8% or more and 25% or less. When it exceeds 25%, it becomes difficult to obtain film thickness uniformity of the sputtered film.
- the lower limit of the I (111) / I (200) ratio is preferably 8%, and the upper limit is preferably 25%.
- the manufacturing method of the sputtering target according to the present invention may be manufactured by sintering in an atmospheric furnace, but in normal pressure sintering, it is a dense sintered body having a relative density of 98% or more, particularly in purity. Since a high-purity raw material of 4N or more tends to cause crystal grain growth, it is difficult to obtain a sintered body having an average crystal grain size of 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the sputtering target according to the present invention is manufactured by a hot press method in which magnesium oxide powder is sintered while being pressed.
- the HIP method is known as a means for densifying the atmospheric pressure sintered body later.
- it is a material that facilitates crystal grain growth, excessive grain growth occurs during the HIP process, and the average crystal grain size is increased. It becomes difficult to suppress to 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the sintered body can be manufactured by performing a hot press sintering at 1250 to 1350 ° C. and then performing an annealing treatment at 1000 to 1400 ° C. in the atmosphere.
- a powder raw material having the same purity as the target sintered body is loaded into a carbon mold and uniaxially pressed and sintered in a vacuum or a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. It is common.
- the sputtered film is similarly in a state deficient in oxygen, leading to deterioration of film properties such as withstand voltage.
- the oxygen defects of the hot-press sintered body can be removed later by annealing in an oxygen-containing environment.
- annealing for example, heat treatment at 1000 to 1400 ° C. is preferably performed in a normal atmospheric furnace.
- oxygen can be added to the process gas to compensate for oxygen deficiency in the target material during film deposition.
- oxygen atoms derived from the target reach an ultra-high temperature range exceeding 10,000 K at the moment of sputtering, whereas oxygen atoms supplied from the outside as a process gas are low in temperature and thus are not easily taken into the sputtered film.
- the film quality may not be stable such as embedding minute defects (vacancies) in the sputtered film, and the withstand voltage may be extremely deteriorated.
- Hot press sintering is preferably performed in the range of 30 to 600 minutes, for example. If the pressing time is less than 30 minutes, heat transfer and sintering do not reach a stable state, and overall densification is insufficient, or only the outer periphery is densified and residual stress is accumulated. It may be damaged. On the other hand, if the pressing time exceeds 600 minutes, crystal grain growth and oxygen defects increase in the sintered body, and it becomes difficult to obtain a high-quality sputtered film when used as a target material.
- the pressing pressure for hot press sintering is preferably 5 MPa or more. If the pressing pressure is less than 5 MPa, insufficient pressure will cause a decrease in density and local density unevenness in the substrate.
- the upper limit of the press pressure is not particularly limited as long as the facility capacity allows.
- the atmospheric annealing process is performed at a temperature of 1250 ° C. or higher, it is preferable to perform it in the range of 30 to 600 minutes. If the annealing time is less than 30 minutes, the entire material does not reach the target density and crystal grain size, which causes the physical properties to vary within the same substrate. On the other hand, if the annealing time exceeds 600 minutes, non-uniform coarse grains are generated due to excessive grain growth, which may cause a problem that the sputtered film quality is deteriorated.
- the atmospheric annealing treatment is performed at a temperature lower than 1250 ° C., it is preferable to hold it for 600 minutes or more. By holding for such a long time, the density can be improved and oxygen defects can be removed as in the case of performing at 1250 ° C. or higher. In this case, since there is almost no crystal grain growth, it is possible to obtain a better sputtered film. Note that the holding time when the atmospheric annealing process is performed at a temperature of less than 1250 ° C. only saturates the effect even if the holding time is too long, so the upper limit is preferably 5760 minutes.
- the relative density of the sintered body exceeds 98%, preferably 99% or more, It is possible to simultaneously remove oxygen defects and control the density and crystal grains.
- the sputtering target obtained in this manner is dense, microcrystalline, and hardly contains oxygen defects. The removal of oxygen defects can be confirmed by whitening the sintered body.
- the material tends to be anisotropic. As described above, it is difficult to obtain a sputtered film having a uniform thickness distribution with magnesium oxide whose crystal orientation on the (111) plane is promoted. Therefore, it is preferable to perform hot press sintering so that the peak intensity ratio I (111) / I (200) by X-ray diffraction of the hot press surface is 8% or more and less than 25%.
- the I (111) / I (200) ratio of the obtained sintered body may exceed 25%.
- the I (111) / I (200) ratio may be less.
- Examples of the case where grain growth occurs to an average crystal grain size of several tens of ⁇ m or more include a case where atmospheric furnace firing (normal pressure firing) is performed under relatively high temperature conditions.
- normal atmospheric sintering atmospheric pressure sintering
- atmospheric pressure sintered body prepared in a state in which grain growth is suppressed is Further, since the densification is insufficient and the film is porous, there are problems such as gas generation during sputtering, and it is difficult to obtain a good sputtered film.
- the sintered body is preferably processed by wet grinding using a grindstone containing general diamond abrasive grains. If necessary, polishing treatment such as lapping and / or roughening treatment such as sand blasting may be added. Since the outermost layer portion of the sintered body is easily contaminated with impurity elements derived from the firing furnace material or the like, it is preferable to grind and remove the entire surface. After grinding, it is also effective to sufficiently remove the grinding fluid and grinding debris adhering to the surface layer using a technique such as chemical cleaning or pure water ultrasonic cleaning.
- a magnesium oxide sintered body having the purity shown in Table 1 was prepared, and a target (a disk having a diameter of 75 mm and a thickness of 5 mm) was prepared under various production conditions shown in Table 1. Various performances of this target were investigated. Measurement methods for various performances are shown below.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- ⁇ Crystal orientation of sintered body> A square test piece was cut out from the inner layer of the material by grinding so that the hot pressed surface of magnesium oxide sintered and the surface in the vertical direction could be analyzed. The analysis was carried out in an X-ray diffractometer having a Cu-K ⁇ radiation source by comparing the crystal orientation of the hot-pressed surface of the same material and the surface in the vertical direction. Common to all analysis samples and analysis directions, as the strongest first peak, the (200) plane peak is around 23.0 ° at 2 ⁇ , and as the second peak, the (220) plane peak is around 62.4 ° at 2 ⁇ .
- the sintered body is subjected to pretreatment such as alkali melting to form a solution, and then subjected to inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and flame spectrophotometer (for Li, Na, K), Quantitative analysis of 17 elements of Al, Si, Fe, Cu, Ca, Cr, Ti, Ni, Mo, W, Co, Y, Zn, Mn, Li, Na and K was performed, and the detected elements were quantified. The value was converted to an oxide and removed from 100% to obtain the purity of the magnesium oxide sintered body.
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry
- flame spectrophotometer for Li, Na, K
- the purity of the obtained sintered body is 3N when the purity is 99.9% or more and less than 99.99%, 4N when the purity is 99.99% or more and less than 99.995%, and 99.995% or more. Those with less than 999% are referred to as 4N5, and those with 99.999% or more are referred to as 5N.
- the film formation was performed using 99.9995% Ar gas as the discharge gas, the flow rate was 10 sccm, and the discharge pressure was 0.4 Pa. The ultimate pressure during film formation was 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- the input power was 150W.
- a glass with 50 mm square borosilicate glass and tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) film with a silver electrode on ITO with a width of 5 mm at both ends was used, and a magnesium oxide sputtered film was deposited at a film thickness of 400 nm. It was.
- ITO indium oxide
- nine Cu electrodes having a diameter of 3 mm and a film thickness of 100 nm were formed on the magnesium oxide sputtered film by sputtering. The following measurements were performed on thin films deposited after the target input power reached 4.5 kWh.
- ⁇ Surface roughness of sputtered film> The surface roughness Ra (nm) of the sputtered film was measured with a scanning probe microscope (AFM) under the conditions of an excitation voltage of 1.36 V, a scanning range of 1000 nm, a lever length of 125 ⁇ m, and a needle height of 10 ⁇ m.
- AFM scanning probe microscope
- No. No. 1 was sintered in an atmospheric furnace, and as a result, the relative density was as low as 93.5%, and the dielectric strength and homogeneity of the sputtered film were poor.
- No. In No. 2 since the hot press temperature was low, air annealing was subsequently performed, but the relative density was as low as 85.5%, and both the withstand voltage and homogeneity of the sputtered film were poor.
- No. No. 3 is an example in which hot pressing was performed at an appropriate temperature, but atmospheric annealing was not performed after that, but the relative density was a low 97.4%, and oxygen defects also remained. The dielectric strength and homogeneity of the sputtered film were poor.
- No. No. 4 has a hot press sintering temperature as high as 1400 ° C., an average crystal grain size of the sintered body as high as 12.8 ⁇ m, and “I (111) / I (200)” on the hot press surface is 49.1%. It was high. As a result, both the withstand voltage and homogeneity of the sputtered film were poor. No. In No. 7, the temperature of atmospheric annealing after hot pressing is as high as 1450 ° C., crystal grain growth proceeds excessively, and the average grain size becomes 13.5 ⁇ m. Was as low as 7.5%. As a result, both the withstand voltage and homogeneity of the sputtered film were poor. No. No. 11, the manufacturing conditions as well as the relative density and average crystal grain size of the sintered body satisfied the conditions specified in the present invention, but the purity was low at 99.91%, so the insulation breakdown voltage of the sputtered film was poor. Met.
- the sputtering target of the present invention can have excellent insulation resistance, a small surface roughness and excellent homogeneity in a sputtered film formed by sputtering using the sputtering target.
- a sputtered film having excellent insulation resistance and excellent homogeneity becomes a film having stable electrical characteristics and dielectric constant even with an extremely thin film, and contributes to, for example, improving the performance of a TMR element.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係るスパッタリングターゲットにおいては、質量%で、純度が99.99%以上(4N)の酸化マグネシウム焼結体を用いる必要がある。純度が99.9%以上(3N)の酸化マグネシウム焼結体では、後段で説明するようなホットプレス焼結およびアニール処理を実施するなど、様々な対策を講じたところで、これをターゲットにして得たスパッタ膜に優れた絶縁耐圧と良好な表面粗さを与えることができない。これに対して、純度が99.99%以上(4N)の酸化マグネシウム原料を用い、相対密度と平均結晶粒を適切に制御した焼結体とすれば、これをスパッタリングターゲットとして用いてスパッタリングによって得られるスパッタ膜に優れた絶縁耐圧と良好な表面粗さ(均質性)を付与できる。特に、アルカリ金属およびハロゲンを含まないことが好ましい。
スパッタリングターゲットの相対密度(実測密度を理論密度で除した値を百分率で示した値)が低いと、そのターゲットを用いたスパッタリングによって得られるスパッタ膜の表面粗さが大きくなり、薄膜の均質化に悪影響を及ぼすことになる。また、基材中の気孔も多くなり、基材内に微量の水分を吸着するためスパッタプロセス中に水を放出し、スパッタ膜の特性にも悪影響及ぼす。このため、相対密度は、98%を超える水準とするのが好ましく、特に、99%以上とするのが好ましい。
スパッタリングターゲットの平均結晶粒径が大きいと、そのターゲットを用いたスパッタリングによって得られるスパッタ膜の表面粗さが大きくなり、薄膜の均質化に悪影響を及ぼすことになる。このため、平均結晶粒径はできるだけ小さくすることが好ましく、特に、8μm以下とする必要がある。平均結晶粒径は5μm以下とするのがより好ましく、特に、2μm以下とするのが好ましい。
酸化マグネシウムの場合は、(111)面の結晶配向が促進され、異方性発現の要因となる。(111)面の結晶配向が促進したスパッタリングターゲットでは、均質な厚み分布を持つスパッタ膜を得にくくなる。(111)面の結晶配向度は、酸化マグネシウムの最強ピークである(200)面とのX線回折によるピーク強度比を取ることで定量比較が可能であり、I(111)/I(200)比で8%以上、25%以下であることが好ましい。25%を超える場合は、スパッタ膜の膜厚均質性が得にくい状態となる。一方、8%未満となる場合は(200)面結晶が過成長した状態であり、スパッタ膜の絶縁耐圧と膜質均質性が損なわれる。I(111)/I(200)比の下限は、8%とするのが好ましく、上限は、25%とするのが好ましい。
本発明に係るスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法については、大気炉での焼結によって製造してもよいが、常圧焼結では相対密度98%以上の緻密焼結体で、特に純度4N以上の高純度原料は結晶粒成長を起こしやすいので、平均結晶粒径8μm以下の焼結体を得ることは難しい。
JIS R 1634に準拠し、アルキメデス法で見掛け密度を測定し、酸化マグネシウムの理論密度を3.58g/cm3として、これに対する相対密度(%)を求めた。
焼結体の内層部からRa:0.05μm未満まで鏡面研磨した試験片を切り出し、結晶グレインを露出させるために1200℃で熱エッチング処理を実施した。その後、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)で結晶粒の写真撮影を実施し、JIS R 1670に準拠し、N=100が確保される任意視野内で円相当径を作図して結晶粒径を集計の上、平均結晶粒径を(μm)を算出した。
酸化マグネシウム焼結のホットプレス面と、その垂直方向の面の分析が出来るように、角型試験片を素材内層より研削加工により切り出した。Cu-Kα線源をもつX線回折装置で、同じ素材のホットプレス面とその垂直方向の面の結晶配向を比較する形で分析を行った。全分析試料、分析方向に共通して、最強の第1ピークとして(200)面ピークが2θで43.0°付近に、第2ピークとして(220)面ピークが2θで62.4°付近に、第3ピークとして(111)面ピークが2θで37.0°付近にそれぞれ検出されたので、ホットプレスによる結晶配向を検証するため、最強ピークである(200)面に対する(111)面の強度比率(%)を下式の通り算出した。
I(111)/I(200) …(1)
ただし、(1)式中の各記号の意味は下記のとおりである。
I(111): X線スペクトルの(111)面のピーク高さ(cps)
I(200): X線スペクトルの(200)面のピーク高さ(cps)
焼結体に、アルカリ溶融等の前処理を実施して溶液化した上で、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析(ICP-AES)および炎光分光光度計(Li,Na,Kが対象)にて、Al、Si、Fe、Cu、Ca、Cr、Ti、Ni、Mo、W、Co、Y、Zn、Mn、Li、NaおよびKの17元素の定量分析を実施し、検出された元素については定量値を酸化物に換算し、100%から除して酸化マグネシウム焼結体の純度を求めた。
#400番砥石を用いた研削加工にてエロージョン面の仕上げ加工を実施した、各ターゲット材の研削面の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)=0.2~0.8μmの範囲となった。
スパッタ膜の表面粗さRa(nm)は、走査プローブ顕微鏡(AFM)にて加振電圧1.36V、走査範囲1000nm、レバー長125μm、針高さ10μmの条件で測定した。
Electrochemical Analyzerを用い、測定電位0~5V、スキャン速度0.01V/sの条件で、Cu上部電極を設けた部分9箇所の絶縁耐圧値を測定し、9点の平均値を求め、スパッタ膜の絶縁耐圧とした。
Claims (12)
- 質量%で、純度が99.99%以上であり、相対密度が98%を超え、かつ平均結晶粒径が8μm以下である酸化マグネシウム焼結体を用いたことを特徴とするスパッタリングターゲット。
- 質量%で、純度が99.995%以上の酸化マグネシウム焼結体を用いたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- 質量%で、純度が99.999%以上の酸化マグネシウム焼結体を用いたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- 平均結晶粒径が5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- 平均結晶粒径が2μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- 平均結晶粒径が1μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- X線回折によるピーク強度比I(111)/I(200)が8%以上25%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1から6までのいずれかに記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- X線回折によるピーク強度比I(111)/I(200)が8%以上25%未満である面が、スパッタ時のエロージョン面となるように研削加工したことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
- 1250~1350℃でのホットプレス焼結を実施して焼結体を得た後、大気中で1250~1400℃のアニール処理を実施することを特徴とする、質量%で、純度が99.99%以上の酸化マグネシウム焼結体を使用したスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
- 1250~1350℃でのホットプレス焼結を実施した後、大気中で1250~1400℃のアニール処理を実施して、ホットプレス面のX線回折によるピーク強度比I(111)/I(200)が8%以上25%未満である焼結体を得た後、ホットプレス面が、スパッタ時のエロージョン面となるように研削加工することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載のスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
- 1250~1350℃でのホットプレス焼結を実施して焼結体を得た後、大気中で1000~1250℃で、10時間以上のアニール処理を実施することを特徴とする、質量%で、純度が99.99%以上の酸化マグネシウム焼結体を使用したスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
- 1250~1350℃でのホットプレス焼結を実施した後、大気中で1000~1250℃で、10時間以上のアニール処理を実施して、ホットプレス面のX線回折によるピーク強度比I(111)/I(200)が8%以上25%未満である焼結体を得た後、ホットプレス面が、スパッタ時のエロージョン面となるように研削加工することを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
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WO2020075750A1 (ja) | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | Jx金属株式会社 | 酸化マグネシウムスパッタリングターゲット |
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US9824868B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
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