WO2012140709A1 - フレキシブル電池、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
フレキシブル電池、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012140709A1 WO2012140709A1 PCT/JP2011/007052 JP2011007052W WO2012140709A1 WO 2012140709 A1 WO2012140709 A1 WO 2012140709A1 JP 2011007052 W JP2011007052 W JP 2011007052W WO 2012140709 A1 WO2012140709 A1 WO 2012140709A1
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Images
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
- H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
- H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
- H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/562—Terminals characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
- H01M50/566—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process by welding, soldering or brazing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flexible battery including an exterior body made of a film-like material, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a biological information transmission apparatus measures or monitors biological information such as body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse and automatically transmits information obtained thereby to a hospital or the like.
- a biopaste-type drug supply device that supplies a drug through the skin by applying an electric potential has been developed.
- a highly flexible battery (hereinafter referred to as a flexible battery) using a thin and flexible film-like material (for example, a laminate film) as an exterior body has been developed (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). These batteries are also advantageous in terms of energy density.
- a flexible battery in which a sheet-like electrode group obtained by laminating a sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween is accommodated in an exterior body made of a laminate film (hereinafter also referred to as a laminate exterior body). Proposed.
- a laminate film that is a material of a laminate outer package usually includes a metal layer as a barrier layer and a resin layer as a seal layer and a protective layer.
- a laminate film has poor stretchability, and there is a limit to how flexible the battery can be if it is used as it is for a battery outer package.
- the bag may be broken. When the laminate outer package breaks, the electrolyte solution may be volatilized and the battery performance may be reduced.
- the corrugated portion is formed on the laminate exterior body
- the outside of the bent portion increases the wave interval and extends in the stress direction, while the inside of the bend portion reduces the wave interval. And shrink in the stress direction.
- the laminate film can be deformed following the bending of the laminate outer package, and the flexibility of the flexible battery can be increased.
- Patent Document 3 when an exterior body is formed from a laminate film having a wavy portion formed, moisture easily enters the exterior body from the peripheral edge of the exterior body. Sealing reliability may be reduced.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a flexible battery that has high flexibility and can improve sealing reliability, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- One aspect of the present invention is a flexible battery including a sheet-like electrode group, an electrolyte, and a flexible exterior body that houses the electrode group and the electrolyte,
- the exterior body includes a film material folded in half so as to sandwich the electrode group therebetween,
- the film material is respectively positioned at two opposed portions respectively opposed to the two main surfaces of the electrode group, a fold formed by folding the film material between the two opposed portions, and around the two opposed portions.
- the two joining margins are joined together to form a joint,
- At least the two facing portions of the film material are formed in a waveform having a plurality of ridge lines and a plurality of valley lines parallel to each other, and the plurality of the plurality of facing portions formed on one of the two facing portions.
- the ridge line overlaps the plurality of valley lines formed on the other side,
- the fold line is related to a flexible battery in which the plurality of ridge lines and the plurality of valley lines are parallel to each other.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a flexible battery comprising a sheet-like electrode group, an electrolyte, and a flexible outer package that houses the electrode group and the electrolyte.
- the film material is formed into a waveform including a plurality of ridge lines and a plurality of valley lines parallel to each other, and then the film material is on one of the portions to be opposed by one fold line parallel to the plurality of ridge lines and the plurality of valley lines.
- the film material is folded in half so that the plurality of ridge lines overlap with the plurality of valley lines on the other side, or the film material is folded in two at one fold, and then is in one of the opposing portions.
- the present invention high flexibility can be given to a flexible battery provided with a flexible exterior body, and the sealing reliability of the flexible battery can be improved.
- the present invention by applying the present invention to a battery that is used in a bio-adhesive supply device that operates in a state where the battery as a power source is in contact with the living body, the discomfort caused by the battery's rigidity is suppressed. it can.
- the sealing reliability is excellent, electrolyte leakage does not occur and the device can be stored and used over a long period of time.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an external appearance of a flexible battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a partial cross section figure which shows the structure of an electrode group. It is a top view which shows an example of a negative electrode. It is a top view which shows an example of a positive electrode. It is a partial cross section figure which shows the structure of the laminate film which is a raw material of an exterior body. It is a partial cross section figure which shows the junction part of an exterior body. It is a partial cross section figure which shows the case where a laminated film is formed in a waveform using the metal mold
- FIG. 8 It is a perspective view which shows the state which pinched
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a state in which an electrode group is sandwiched between two laminated films of FIG. 16. It is a perspective view which shows another example of the metal mold
- the present invention relates to a flexible battery including a sheet-like electrode group, an electrolyte, and a flexible exterior body that houses the electrode group and the electrolyte.
- the exterior body includes a film material folded in half so as to sandwich the electrode group therebetween.
- the film material is composed of two facing portions that face each of the main surfaces of the electrode group, a fold formed by bending the film material between the two facing portions, and two joints positioned around the two facing portions, respectively. Including teenagers.
- the two joint margins are joined together to form a joint.
- at least two opposing portions are formed in a waveform having a plurality of ridge lines and a plurality of valley lines parallel to each other. And said crease
- fold is formed in parallel with a ridgeline and a trough line. Note that it is sufficient that at least a part of each of the two facing portions is formed in a waveform.
- a plurality of ridge lines are a plurality of lines parallel to each other such that when the above film material is viewed from the side of the outer surface of the exterior body, the ridges of the wave-shaped portions are traced.
- a plurality of valley lines are parallel to each other such that when the film material is viewed from the side of the outer surface of the exterior body, it follows the lowest part of a wave concave portion (valley). The line.
- the exterior body used in the flexible battery of the present invention is typically a film material (for example, a laminate film) that is, for example, rectangular, folded in half, and a rectangular electrode group, for example, between them. It has the form which pinched
- the peripheral portions of the two opposing portions excluding, for example, the side of the crease are joined to each other by, for example, fusion to be formed at the joint portion of the exterior body.
- the film material is formed in a thin bag shape.
- At least one film material At least two opposing portions are formed in a corrugated shape, thereby increasing the degree of freedom when the film material is deformed following the bending of the exterior body. Therefore, high flexibility can be given to the flexible battery.
- a plurality of ridge lines formed on one of the two opposing portions and a plurality of valley lines formed on the other are parallel to the ridge lines and the valley lines.
- a crease is formed.
- the fold when the film material is folded in two is formed so as to be parallel to the ridge line and the valley line formed at the two opposing portions.
- the state where the waveforms of each joining margin are accurately fitted (the state shown in FIG. 6)
- a state in which the waveforms are in phase) is also referred to as “a state in which the waveforms are in phase”
- the joint portion of the exterior body includes a plurality of vertical portions extending perpendicularly to the fold and a parallel portion extending in parallel to the fold on the opposite side of the fold. .
- the plurality of vertical portions are each formed in a waveform, and the wave of the two opposing portions and the wave of the vertical portion are continuous.
- the ridge line formed on one side and the valley line formed on the other side overlap each other (a state in which the phases of the waveforms match) It has become. Therefore, as described above, positioning can be easily performed so that each joining margin is joined in a state where there is a waveform phase. As a result, the sealing reliability at the joint can be easily improved.
- the plurality of vertical portions are not formed in a waveform, but remain flat. As described above, even when the vertical portion of the joint portion is not formed in a waveform, it is possible to prevent a deviation from occurring between the waveforms of the joint margins. Therefore, the sealing reliability in the formed junction can be improved.
- the parallel part of the above-mentioned joint part can be formed in a waveform or not formed in a waveform.
- setting the position of the fold as described above makes it easy to accurately match the phases of the waveforms of the two joints corresponding to the parallel part. Can be positioned. Therefore, the sealing reliability of the flexible battery can be easily improved.
- the parallel part is left flat without forming a waveform, there is no deviation in the waveform of each part corresponding to the parallel part of the two joining margins. Therefore, the sealing reliability of the flexible battery can be easily improved.
- the width of the joint is preferably set to 1 to 10 mm.
- the width of the joint portion By setting the width of the joint portion to 1 mm or more, it becomes easy to suppress the intrusion of moisture into the exterior body.
- the width of the joint portion By setting the width of the joint portion to 10 mm or less, it is possible to suppress an increase in the proportion of sites that do not contribute to the battery reaction. Therefore, it can prevent that the energy density of a flexible battery falls.
- the polymer electrolyte is included in the electrolyte because the leakage of the electrolyte can be easily suppressed.
- a laminate film having a metal layer and a resin layer can be used as the film material.
- a metal layer or a ceramic layer in the film material, it is possible to prevent evaporation of the electrolyte and intrusion of water into the inside.
- a resin layer in the film material, it is possible to protect the metal layer and improve the sealing performance at the joint. At this time, it is preferable to provide the resin layer on both surfaces of the metal layer so that the metal layer is sandwiched between them, because the metal layer can be protected mechanically and chemically.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a flexible battery including a sheet-like electrode group, an electrolyte, and a flexible exterior body that houses the electrode group and the electrolyte.
- this manufacturing method after the film material is formed into a waveform including a plurality of ridge lines and a plurality of valley lines parallel to each other, one of the portions to be opposed to each other by one fold line parallel to the plurality of ridge lines and the plurality of valley lines.
- the film material is folded in half so that the plurality of ridge lines on the other side and the plurality of valley lines on the other side overlap, or the film material is folded in two at one fold and then one of the opposing parts
- a step of forming the film material into a waveform including a plurality of ridge lines and a plurality of valley lines so that a plurality of ridge lines overlap with a plurality of valley lines on the other side, and a film material folded in two at one fold line The step of sandwiching the electrode group and the two joining margins set on the film material except for the side having the crease around the two opposing portions respectively facing the two main surfaces of the electrode group are joined to each other.
- the portions corresponding to the two joining allowances may be formed flat instead of in the corrugated shape, or may be formed in the corrugated shape.
- FIG. 1 the external appearance of the flexible battery manufactured by the manufacturing method of the flexible battery which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown with a perspective view.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of an electrode group included in the battery of FIG.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are plan views showing examples of the positive electrode and the negative electrode included in the electrode group, respectively.
- FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a structure of a laminate film as an example of a material for an exterior body.
- the illustrated flexible battery (hereinafter simply referred to as a battery) 10 includes a sheet-like negative electrode 20 and a sheet-like positive electrode 30 sandwiched between an electrolyte layer (a sheet-shaped separator impregnated with an electrolyte) 15.
- a laminated sheet-like electrode group 12 and an exterior body 11 for sealingly housing the electrode group 12 are provided.
- the shape of the battery 10 may be flat or curved.
- the illustrated battery 10 is a secondary battery, but the present invention can also be applied to a primary battery including a sheet-like electrode group.
- the negative electrode 20 has a sheet-like negative electrode current collector 21 and a negative electrode active material layer 22 provided on one or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 21.
- the positive electrode 30 includes a sheet-like positive electrode current collector 31 and a positive electrode active material layer 32 provided on one or both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 31.
- the positive electrode 30 and the negative electrode 20 are disposed so that the positive electrode active material layer 32 and the negative electrode active material layer 22 face each other with the electrolyte layer 15 interposed therebetween.
- the negative electrode active material layer 22 is provided only on one surface of the negative electrode current collector 21.
- a positive electrode active material layer 32 is provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 31.
- two negative electrodes 20 are arranged with the one positive electrode 30 in between, with the side on which the negative electrode active material layer 22 is provided facing the positive electrode 30.
- the negative electrode current collector 21 and the positive electrode current collector 31 have a rectangular shape or a planar shape approximate to a rectangular shape, and one of the sides extends outward. It has a body protrusion 23 and a positive electrode current collector protrusion 33.
- a negative electrode lead 13 is connected to the negative electrode current collector protrusion 23, and a positive electrode lead 14 is connected to the positive electrode current collector protrusion 33.
- These leads are led out from the inside of the exterior body 11 to the outside.
- the part led out to the outside functions as a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal.
- At least one corner of each lead may be chamfered. With such a shape, it is possible to suppress damage to the protruding portion due to catching of the corner portion of the lead.
- the negative electrode current collector projection 23 and the positive electrode current collector projection 33 can be connected in series and / or in parallel by welding, rivet bonding, or the like.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate film that is a material for the exterior body.
- the laminate film 40 in the illustrated example is formed of a water vapor barrier layer 41 made of metal foil and resin layers 42a and 42b formed on both surfaces of the barrier layer 41.
- the exterior body 11 of the present invention is not limited to the laminate film 40, but has a shape retaining property capable of forming a corrugation, water tightness enough to prevent electrolyte evaporation and water vapor penetration, and corrosion resistance.
- a film material having a single layer structure made of a metal layer, a ceramic layer, or a resin layer can be used as long as the material has flexibility.
- the illustrated exterior body 11 is formed by folding a rectangular laminate film 40 in half at the crease 2 at the center in the longitudinal direction.
- the crease 2 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the laminate film 40.
- the electrode group 12 is sandwiched between the laminated films 40 folded in half.
- the portions of the outer package 11 that face the two main surfaces of the electrode group 12 are referred to as facing portions 43.
- the two facing portions 43 are close to or in contact with the crease 2.
- the laminate film 40 is not limited to a rectangle, and may have any shape as long as the laminate film 40 can be folded in two at one fold line (a line-symmetric shape).
- the shape of the electrode group 12 can also be freely set so as to correspond to the shape of the laminated film 40 folded in half.
- a joint portion 3 is formed by joining the respective portions of the laminate film 40 that is folded in half, except for the side where the crease 2 is present.
- the joint portion 3 includes a plurality (two in the illustrated example) of vertical portions 3 a extending in a direction perpendicular to the fold 2 and a parallel portion 3 b extending in parallel with the fold 2 on the opposite side of the fold 2.
- the entire region is formed into a waveform 46 including a plurality of parallel ridge lines 44 and a plurality of valley lines 45 alternately arranged at equal pitches.
- the ridge line 44 and the valley line 45 are also perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the laminate film 40. Therefore, the crease 2 is parallel to the ridge line 44 and the valley line 45.
- the cross-sectional shape of the waveform 46 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an arc shape, a sinusoidal shape, a rectangular shape, and a wedge shape.
- the pitch of the plurality of ridge lines 44 (or the plurality of valley lines 45) can be freely set within a range of 1 to 50 mm, for example.
- the pitch of the plurality of ridge lines 44 and the plurality of valley lines 45 of the waveform 46 is not necessarily constant, and the pitch can be changed according to the distance from the crease 2.
- the pitch of the ridge lines 44 and the valley lines 45 in the vicinity of the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the exterior body 11 of FIG. 1, it is possible to increase the flexibility at the central portion.
- the pitch needs to be the same on the front and back of the exterior body 11.
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the joint portion of the exterior body.
- the waveform 46 of one joint allowance 47 of the two joint allowances 47 and the waveform 46 of the other joint allowance 47 opposite to each other when one laminate film 40 is folded in two at the crease 2. are fitted.
- the ridge line 44 formed on one of the two opposite joining margins 47 of the laminate film 40 and the valley line 45 formed on the other overlap, and the valley line 45 formed on one side and the other formed on the other side.
- the ridge line 44 overlaps.
- such a state is also expressed as that the phases of the two joint allowances 47 are in phase.
- the ridge line 44 and the valley line 45 are expressions based on a case where the laminate film 40 is viewed from the side of the outer surface of the exterior body 11.
- the laminate film 40 can be formed into a waveform 46 (first method) before the laminate film 40 is folded in two at the crease 2 (first method), and after the laminate film 40 is folded in two at the crease 2. It is also possible to form the waveform 46 (second method).
- the laminate film 40 before being folded at the crease 2 is formed into a waveform 46 using a mold including an upper mold 51 and a lower mold 52 for wave formation. .
- the entire region of the laminate film 40 is formed into a waveform 46 including a ridge line 44 and a valley line 45.
- the fold line 2 parallel to the ridge line 44 and the valley line 45 is formed so that the phase of the waveform 46 of the one portion 40a obtained by folding the laminate film 40 in half and the waveform 46 of the other portion 40b are matched. . Then, the laminate film 40 is folded in half at the crease 2.
- each of the negative electrode lead 13 and the positive electrode lead 14 is exposed to the outside as a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal from the opposite end of the fold 2, It is sandwiched between the laminated films 40 folded in half.
- the crease 2 and one side (one short side in the illustrated example) of the rectangular electrode group 12 are in contact with each other, and the bonding margin 47 is provided around the remaining three sides of the facing portion 43 excluding the side having the crease 2.
- the electrode group 12 is arranged so as to be formed.
- the laminate film 40 in the state shown in FIG. 9 is placed in an atmosphere adjusted to a predetermined gas composition and pressure. Then, in this atmosphere, the bonding margins 47 facing each other are bonded to each other using a fusion bonding mold including the upper mold 53 and the lower mold 54 as shown in FIG.
- the opposing surfaces of the upper mold 53 and the lower mold 54 are each formed in a waveform having a pitch equal to the waveform 46.
- the upper mold 53 and the lower mold 54 are positioned up and down with their phases aligned so that their waveforms fit each other.
- combined the phase of the waveform of each other is also arrange
- each joining allowance 47 is heated while pinching with the upper mold
- a rectangular laminate film 40 that has not yet been formed into a waveform as shown in FIG. 12 is bent first so as to form a crease 2 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction at the center in the longitudinal direction. . Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13, the laminate film 40 folded in two at the crease 2 is formed into a waveform 46 using the upper mold 51 and the lower mold 52 for wave formation.
- the entire region of the laminate film 40 folded in half is formed into a waveform 46 including a ridge line 44 and a valley line 45.
- the ridge line 44 and the valley line 45 are formed so as to be parallel to the crease 2.
- flexibility and the outstanding sealing reliability can be produced by joining each joining allowance 47 similarly to said 1st method.
- a die having a corrugated surface as shown in FIG. 10 is used as a die for fusion bonding.
- type 56 with which a mutually opposing surface is flat as shown in FIG. 14 can be used as a metal mold
- the joint allowances 47 that are superposed with the waveform phases aligned are arranged. In this state, each joint allowance 47 is sandwiched between the upper die 55 and the lower die 56 and heated, whereby the joint portion 3 by fusion can be formed.
- each joining allowance 47 it is not necessary to match the phase between the waveforms of the upper mold and the lower mold and the waveform of each joint allowance 47, so that the joint portion 3 can be formed more easily.
- type 52 which have a waveform on a mutually opposing surface are used, since each joining allowance 47 can be pressurized along a waveform, each joining allowance 47 will be joined more reliably. This is advantageous in terms of enhancing the sealing reliability.
- the exterior body is preferably made of a highly flexible material (for example, a film-like material) having excellent bending resistance.
- the exterior body is composed of a laminate film, and the laminate film includes a water vapor barrier layer and a resin layer formed on one side or both sides of the barrier layer.
- the barrier layer is a metal layer or a ceramic layer.
- the metal layer is preferably formed of aluminum, titanium, nickel, stainless steel, gold, silver or the like from the viewpoint of strength and bending resistance.
- the ceramic layer is preferably formed of silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, or the like. Of these, aluminum, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, and the like are particularly preferable in terms of low manufacturing cost and excellent barrier properties.
- the thickness of the barrier layer is preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the resin layer is preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m on both the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the outer package.
- the thickness of the laminate film is preferably 15 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the resin layer formed on the inner surface side of the outer package is a polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) or a modified product thereof, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyamide, polyurethane, polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ionomer resin and the like are preferable.
- the surface roughness of the resin layer on the inner surface side of the outer package is generally 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the resin layer formed on the outer surface side of the exterior body is made of polyamide (PA) such as 6,6-nylon or 6-nylon, or polyester such as PET or PBT. preferable.
- PA polyamide
- polyester such as PET or PBT.
- an acid-modified PP / PET / Al layer / PET laminate film an acid-modified PE / PA / Al layer / PET laminate film, an ionomer resin / Ni layer / PE / PET laminate film , EVA / PE / Al layer / PET laminate film, ionomer resin / PET / Al layer / PET laminate film.
- a ceramic layer such as an Al 2 O 3 layer or a SiO 2 layer may be used instead of the Al layer or the Ni layer.
- Electrode A sheet-like electrode suitable for a thin battery is used.
- the planar shape of the electrode is not particularly limited, but is preferably a circle, an ellipse, a band, a rectangle, or a shape that can approximate a rectangle.
- the shape that can approximate a rectangle is, for example, a shape in which four corners are chamfered, a shape in which the four corners are rounded in an arc shape (R shape), or the like.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer attached to one or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer is formed by pressure bonding or vapor deposition of the negative electrode active material on the negative electrode current collector, or rolling after applying a mixture containing the negative electrode active material.
- a known material and composition can be appropriately selected for the negative electrode active material.
- a thin battery having a high energy density can be obtained by using a lithium-based negative electrode, various natural and artificial graphite, silicide, silicon oxide, various alloy materials, and the like.
- a lithium-based negative electrode is preferable in that a thin battery having a higher capacity and a higher energy density can be realized.
- the negative electrode active material layer is preferably a high-capacity metal lithium layer or lithium alloy layer.
- the lithium alloy for example, a Li—Si alloy, a Li—Sn alloy, a Li—Al alloy, a Li—Ga alloy, a Li—Mg alloy, a Li—In alloy, or the like is used. From the viewpoint of improving the negative electrode capacity, the content of elements other than Li in the lithium alloy is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- a metal foil can be used for the negative electrode current collector.
- the metal foil may be an electrolytic metal foil obtained by an electrolytic method or a rolled metal foil obtained by a rolling method.
- an electrolytic metal foil is formed by immersing a drum as an electrode in an electrolytic bath containing a predetermined metal ion, causing a current to flow through the drum while rotating the drum, depositing a predetermined metal on the surface of the drum, and peeling it off. Can be obtained.
- the electrolytic method is advantageous in that it is excellent in mass productivity and relatively low in manufacturing cost.
- the rolling method is advantageous in terms of weight reduction because the metal foil can be easily thinned.
- the rolled metal foil has excellent bending resistance because crystals are oriented along the rolling direction, and is suitably used for thin batteries.
- the electrolyte layer has a function of separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and includes an electrolyte responsible for ion migration.
- the electrolyte may be in a liquid, gel, or solid state. Among these, the nonaqueous electrolyte is preferable in that it has a wide potential window.
- the electrolyte layer may contain components other than the electrolyte as long as the purpose is not impaired. For example, fillers such as inorganic particles and resin particles may be added to the electrolyte layer for the purpose of improving the strength, homogeneity, ion conductivity and the like of the electrolyte layer. Examples of the inorganic particles include fine particles such as alumina and silica.
- the electrolyte layer may contain a nonwoven fabric or a stretched resin sheet as a separator (porous sheet) in order to prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator has ion permeability and is excellent in mechanical strength and insulation.
- a separator material include polypropylene, polyethylene, cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamide, and polyimide.
- stretched sheets a microporous film containing at least one of polypropylene and polyethylene is preferable in that it has a shutdown function.
- stacked high heat resistant layers, such as polyamide, on the surface of such a microporous film is excellent in short circuit resistance in addition to the shutdown function.
- liquid electrolyte a solution that includes a solvent and a solute (supporting salt) that dissolves in the solvent and can contain various additives is used.
- a gel made of a liquid electrolyte and a polymer material impregnated with the liquid electrolyte is used as the gel electrolyte (gel polymer electrolyte).
- the polymer material that becomes the matrix of the gel polymer electrolyte may be any material that absorbs the liquid electrolyte and gels.
- a poly (meth) acrylate polymer containing an ester unit such as silicone, acrylic acid, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid ester as a main component (for example, 90 mol% or more), polyacrylonitrile, polyphosphazene, Examples include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and fluoropolymer.
- One of these polymer materials may be used alone, or a plurality of these polymer materials may be mixed or combined. These polymer materials may be appropriately crosslinked or modified.
- a fluoropolymer has high resistance to oxidation and reduction, and is suitable for absorbing a liquid nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a fluoropolymer has high resistance to oxidation and reduction, and is suitable for absorbing a liquid nonaqueous electrolyte.
- polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, etc. alone or in combination And preferably used.
- the solid electrolyte various inorganic solid electrolyte powders, deposited films, or dry polymer electrolytes are used.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte include lithium halides such as lithium iodide and derivatives thereof, lithium nitride, oxyacid salt materials, sulfide materials, and the like.
- the dry polymer electrolyte is a material obtained by adding a solute (supporting salt) to a polymer material and does not contain a solvent.
- polymer material used as the matrix of the dry polymer electrolyte examples include ether-based polymers such as polyethylene oxide and cross-linked products thereof, and poly (meth) acrylate-based polymers. These may be a single monomer polymer or a copolymer of plural types of monomers. In addition, one type of polymer material may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be mixed or combined.
- an electrolyte layer containing a dry polymer electrolyte or a gel polymer electrolyte is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing the electrolyte component from leaking to the outside when the exterior body is damaged.
- Various fillers may be added to the dry polymer electrolyte or gel polymer electrolyte.
- a dry polymer electrolyte or a gel polymer electrolyte may be impregnated or adhered to a separator serving as a support to form an electrolyte layer.
- the electrolyte layer is also provided with followability to bending. Therefore, the adhesion between the electrodes is further improved, and even after the bending is repeated, variation and deterioration in battery performance are greatly suppressed.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer attached to one or both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer is formed by vapor-depositing a positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector or rolling after applying a mixture containing the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode mixture includes a binder and, if necessary, a conductive agent.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material include manganese dioxide, carbon fluorides, organic or inorganic sulfides, lithium-containing composite oxides, metal oxides such as vanadium oxide and niobium oxide, or lithium oxides thereof, and conductivity. Conjugated organic polymers, chevrel phase compounds, olivine compounds and the like are used. Among these, manganese dioxide, carbon fluorides, sulfides, lithium-containing composite oxides and the like are preferable, and manganese dioxide is particularly preferable.
- the theoretical capacity per mass of the positive electrode active material is 308 mAh / g, which is a high capacity.
- Manganese dioxide is inexpensive. Among the manganese dioxides, electrolytic manganese dioxide is particularly preferable because it is easily available. Manganese dioxide may contain a trace amount of impurities unavoidable in the manufacturing process.
- the positive electrode active material may be a mixture containing manganese dioxide as a main component and containing materials other than manganese dioxide such as carbon fluorides, vanadium oxides, and olivine compounds.
- Examples of the carbon fluorides include fluorinated graphite represented by (CF w ) m (wherein m is an integer of 1 or more and 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 1).
- Examples of the sulfide include TiS 2 , MoS 2 , and FeS 2 .
- Examples of the lithium-containing composite oxide include Li xa CoO 2 , Li xa NiO 2 , Li xa MnO 2 , Li xa Co y Ni 1-y O 2 , Li xa Co y M 1-y O z , Li xa Ni 1-y M y O z, Li xb Mn 2 O 4, Li xb Mn 2-y M y O 4 and the like.
- xa and xb are values before the start of charging / discharging, and increase / decrease by charging / discharging.
- the conductive agent examples include graphites such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; carbon blacks such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; conductive properties such as carbon fiber and metal fiber. Fibers; metal powders such as aluminum powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide whiskers and potassium titanate whiskers; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or organic conductive materials such as phenylene derivatives are used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of improving the conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer and securing the positive electrode capacity, the content of the conductive agent in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid resin, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate, and polyacrylic acid.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- aramid resin polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylonitrile
- polyacrylic acid polymethyl acrylate
- polyethyl methacrylate polyhexyl methacrylate
- polyvinyl acetate polyvinylpyrrolidone
- polyether polyethersulfone
- hexafluoropolypropylene styrene butadiene rubber
- carboxy Methylcellulose is used.
- the content of the binder in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- a polymer electrolyte may be used as the binder.
- the polymer electrolyte When the polymer electrolyte is present in the positive electrode active material layer, lithium ions are smoothly diffused, and lithium ions are smoothly exchanged between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer. Only the polymer electrolyte may be used alone as the binder, or the polymer electrolyte and another binder may be used in combination.
- the positive electrode current collector a metal film, a metal foil, a non-woven fabric made of metal fibers, or the like is used.
- the metal material constituting the positive electrode current collector include silver, nickel, palladium, gold, platinum, aluminum, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel. These may form the current collector alone, or a combination of two or more types may form the current collector.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is, for example, 1 to 30 ⁇ m.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 16 the laminate film used for the manufacturing method of the flexible battery which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention is shown with a top view.
- the end portions of the rectangular laminate film 40 in the longitudinal direction that is, the portions corresponding to the parallel portions 3 b of the joint portion 3 (joint allowance 47) are not formed in a waveform.
- the flat portion 48 is formed.
- Other portions of the laminate film 40 are formed in a corrugated shape 46 including a ridge line 44 and a valley line 45 as in the first embodiment.
- the crease 2 parallel to the ridge line 44 and the valley line 45 is formed so as to match the phase of the waveform 46 of each joint allowance 47 as in the first embodiment. ing.
- the laminate film 40 may be formed into a waveform 46 before the fold 2 is folded in half (first method), or the fold 2 is folded in two. After that, the laminate film 40 may be formed into a waveform 46 (second method). Then, as shown in FIG. 17, the electrode group 12 is sandwiched between the laminated films 40 folded in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the joint 3 is formed using a mold including an upper mold 57 and a lower mold 58 for fusion bonding of the joint as shown in FIG.
- a portion corresponding to the parallel portion 3b is flat and a portion corresponding to the vertical portion 3a is formed in a corrugated shape.
- a portion corresponding to the vertical portion 3 a in each joint allowance 47 is a waveform of each mold. And are arranged in phase.
- each vertical part 3a is a waveform, and the junction part 3 in which the parallel part 3b is flat is formed.
- FIG. 20 the schematic structure of the laminate film used for the manufacturing method of the flexible battery which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown with a top view.
- the laminate film 40 of this form is also not formed in a corrugated shape in the longitudinal direction of the laminate film 40 which is rectangular as in the second embodiment. That is, of the two joint allowances 47, the part corresponding to the parallel part 3 b of the joint part 3 is not formed in a waveform but is a flat part 48. Further, in this embodiment, a portion corresponding to each vertical portion 3 a of the two joint allowances 47 is not formed in a waveform but is a flat portion 49. And only the part corresponding to the two opposing parts 43 of the laminate film 40 is formed in the waveform 46 including the ridge line 44 and the valley line 45. A crease 2 parallel to the ridge line 44 and the valley line 45 is formed at the center of the laminate film 40 in the longitudinal direction.
- the laminate film 40 may be formed into a waveform 46 before the fold 2 is folded in two (first method), or the fold 2 is folded in two. After that, the laminate film 40 may be formed into a waveform 46 (second method). Then, as shown in FIG. 21, the electrode group 12 is sandwiched between the laminated films 40 folded in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the joint portion 3 is formed using a mold including an upper die 55 and a lower die 56 for fusion bonding of the joint portions, which have flat surfaces facing each other.
- the flat portions 48 and 49 of the bonding margins 47 of the laminate film 40 are sandwiched between the flat surfaces of the upper die 55 and the lower die 56 and fused.
- the junction part 3 in which each vertical part 3a and the parallel part 3b are not formed in the waveform is formed.
- Example 1 According to the following procedure, a flexible battery in which the vertical part and the parallel part of the joint part are corrugated as shown in FIG. The procedures described in the following items (1) to (5) were performed in a dry air atmosphere with a dew point of ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower.
- a lithium metal foil (31 mm ⁇ 31 mm, thickness 20 ⁇ m) as a negative electrode active material layer was prepared. It was pressure-bonded to one surface (surface roughness 2.6 ⁇ m) of a negative electrode current collector made of 31 ⁇ 31 mm copper foil (thickness 25 ⁇ m) having a 12 ⁇ 5 mm protrusion with a linear pressure of 100 N / cm. A negative electrode was obtained. Thereafter, a copper negative electrode lead having a width of 3 mm and a length of 20 mm was ultrasonically welded to the protruding portion.
- a positive electrode mixture was applied to one surface of an aluminum foil (thickness 15 ⁇ m), which was a positive electrode current collector, and dried at 85 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a positive electrode active material layer on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode was obtained by rolling it with a roll press at a linear pressure of 12000 N / cm.
- the positive electrode was cut out into a 29 ⁇ 29 mm square having protrusions with a width of 12 mm and a length of 5 mm.
- the cut out positive electrode was dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours under reduced pressure to 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 atm. Thereafter, an aluminum positive electrode lead having a width of 5 mm and a length of 20 mm was ultrasonically welded to the protruding portion of the positive electrode.
- a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride (hexafluoropropylene content: 7%) is used as the matrix polymer, and the matrix polymer and the liquid electrolyte are mixed at a ratio of 1:10 (mass ratio). Then, it was dissolved with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to prepare a gel polymer electrolyte solution.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the obtained solution was uniformly applied to both sides of a separator made of porous polyethylene having a thickness of 9 ⁇ m and the positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrode, and then the solvent (DMC) was volatilized to form a gel polymer electrolyte on the positive electrode and the separator.
- DMC solvent
- a laminate film (thickness 110 ⁇ m) of ⁇ 92 mm was prepared.
- the laminate film was folded in two so that the protective layer was on the outer side of the exterior body and the seal layer was on the inner side of the exterior body by a fold line parallel to the ridge line and the valley line (first method).
- the position of the crease was set so that the phase of the waveform of each part of the laminate film with the crease as the boundary matched.
- the above electrode group was sandwiched between two laminated films.
- the positive electrode lead and a part of the negative electrode lead were exposed to the outside from the opposite end of the fold.
- the electrode group is arranged in such a manner that three portions other than the side with the crease are left as a joining margin among the portions around each facing portion of the laminate film facing the electrode group. Between.
- the laminate film with the electrode group sandwiched was placed in an atmosphere adjusted to a pressure of 660 mmHg.
- a mold including an upper mold 53 and a lower mold 54 having a corrugated opposing surface was prepared.
- the joining margins were fused in the above-mentioned atmosphere so that the phase of the waveform of each member was matched.
- variety is 5 mm was formed in the circumference
- Example 2 A flexible battery (battery) having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the laminate film is folded in half and then almost all the region of the laminate film is formed into a corrugated shape (second method). B)).
- Example 3 A flexible battery having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m is the same as in Example 1 except that a mold including an upper mold 55 and a lower mold 56 for fusion having a flat opposing surface as shown in FIG. 14 is used. (Battery C) was produced.
- Example 4 As shown in FIG. 16, the both ends of the laminate film in the longitudinal direction were not formed in a corrugated shape, and the other portions were formed in a corrugated shape.
- a mold containing mold 58 was used.
- a flexible battery (battery D) having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- each joining allowance is obtained by using a mold for fusing the joint portion including the upper die 55 and the lower die 56 having flat opposing surfaces as shown in FIG.
- the bonding margins 47 are fused to each other.
- a flexible battery (comparative battery 1) having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- a flexible battery (comparative battery 2) having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the fulcrums 101a and 101b of the pedestals 100a and 100b are curved surfaces having a curvature radius of 2 mm.
- the distance between the fulcrums was 30 mm, and the radius of curvature of the tip of the indenter 102 was 5 mm.
- the load application speed was 100 mm / min.
- the maximum load observed at this time is an index indicating the flexibility of the thin battery. The smaller the maximum load, the better the flexibility.
- test batteries Two batteries A to D and two comparative batteries 1 and 2 (hereinafter collectively referred to as test batteries) were prepared. Of the two batteries, one of the batteries had an environmental temperature of 25 ° C., a discharge current density of 250 ⁇ A / cm 2 (current value per unit area of the positive electrode), and a discharge end voltage of 1.8 V. A discharge test was performed to determine the discharge capacity. Let the calculated
- the other battery was stored for 100 days in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment (60 ° C. and 90% RH), and the battery after the storage was subjected to a discharge test under the same conditions as above to determine the discharge capacity after the test. .
- capacitance maintenance factor was calculated
- the comparative battery 1 was very difficult to seal with a high hermeticity because the phase of the waveform was shifted by 180 ° between the bonding margins.
- two laminate films were laminated so that the phase of the waveform of each joining margin matched, but since these laminate films are not one laminate film connected by a fold, It is considered that the sealing performance deteriorated due to a slight shift.
- Example 5 A flexible battery having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the width of two vertical portions extending perpendicular to the crease is 1 mm and the size of the laminate film is 38 ⁇ 92 mm. (Battery E) was produced.
- Example 6 The flexible part having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m is the same as in Example 1 except that the width of the parallel part extending in parallel with the crease opposite to the crease is 10 mm and the size of the laminate film is 56 ⁇ 92 mm. A battery (Battery F) was produced.
- Example 7 A flexible battery having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the width of two vertical portions extending perpendicularly to the crease is 12 mm and the size of the laminate film is 60 ⁇ 92 mm. (Battery G) was produced.
- the sealing performance is better as the width of the joint is larger.
- All of the batteries E to G show a high capacity retention rate even after long-term storage in a high temperature / humidity environment.
- the width of the joint is preferably within 10 mm.
- Example 8 A flexible battery (battery H) having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrolyte layer was a dry polymer electrolyte.
- the electrode group which used the electrolyte layer as the dry polymer electrolyte was produced in the following procedures.
- 100 g of acetonitrile 10 g of polyethylene oxide (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Corp., USA) having a viscosity average molecular weight of 100,000 and 10 g of dimethoxyethane (DME) were dissolved to obtain an acetonitrile solution of polyethylene oxide.
- LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 is added to this solution, and the molar ratio [Li] / [EO] of the lithium ion concentration [Li] and the ether oxygen concentration [EO] of the ethylene oxide part in the polymer is 0.05. It added so that it might become.
- an acetonitrile solution of the dry polymer electrolyte was obtained.
- the acetonitrile solution of the obtained dry polymer electrolyte was cast on a lithium metal foil and a positive electrode layer. And it vacuum-dried at room temperature for 48 hours, acetonitrile and DME which are solvent components were removed, and the electrolyte was formed on the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer. Then, the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the electrolyte were laminated so that the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer face each other with an electrolyte layer made of a dry polymer interposed therebetween. The laminated product was hot-pressed at 90 ° C. and 0.5 MPa for 1 minute to produce an electrode group.
- Example 9 A flexible battery (battery I) having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrolyte layer was changed to a liquid electrolyte.
- a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator were laminated in a state in which the positive electrode and the separator were not impregnated with the gel electrolyte layer to prepare an electrode group. Furthermore, 500 ⁇ l of nonaqueous electrolyte was injected into the exterior body before joining the joint.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte a non-aqueous solvent in which LiClO 4 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / L was used.
- a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane volume ratio of 1: 1.
- the batteries H and I were subjected to the above-described three-point bending test, high temperature / humidity storage test, and bending / pressurization test to evaluate the flexibility and sealing performance of each test battery.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Table 3 similar evaluation results for battery A are also shown.
- the battery A using the gel polymer electrolyte, the battery H using the dry polymer electrolyte, and the battery I using the liquid electrolyte all have excellent flexibility and sealing performance. Yes. Especially, it turns out that the sealing reliability is more excellent in the battery A and the battery H using the dry polymer electrolyte or the gel polymer electrolyte. It is considered that higher sealing reliability was obtained because the electrolyte layer had viscoelasticity like a dry polymer electrolyte or a gel polymer electrolyte.
- the battery I using the liquid electrolyte is not good in sealing performance as seen from the results of the bending / pressurization test, but the sealing performance as seen from the results of the high temperature / humidity storage test is good, In that respect, excellent sealing reliability is shown.
- Example 10 A flexible battery (battery J) having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a Li—Al alloy (Al mass%: 3%) was used as the negative electrode active material.
- the battery J was subjected to the above-described three-point bending test, high temperature / humidity storage test, and bending / pressurization test to evaluate the flexibility and sealing performance of each test battery.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
- Table 4 similar evaluation results for battery A are also shown.
- the battery J As shown in Table 4, the battery J, like the battery A, has excellent flexibility and leakage resistance.
- Example 11 A laminate film having a flat peripheral edge (joining margin) as shown in FIG. 20 and having a corrugation formed only on the facing portion facing the electrode group was prepared by the first method. Each joining margin was joined using the metal mold
- Example 12 A flexible battery (battery L) having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that after the laminate film was folded in half, only the opposing portions of the laminate film were formed into a corrugated shape (second method). Produced.
- the batteries K and L were subjected to the above-mentioned three-point bending test, high temperature / humidity storage test, and bending / pressurization test to evaluate the flexibility and sealing performance of each test battery.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 5.
- Table 5 Similar evaluation results for battery A are also shown.
- the batteries K and L were excellent in flexibility and sealing performance as well as the battery A. This is because the film material could be easily positioned at the time of sealing, and the sealing part could be evenly fused, and as a result, high sealing performance was possible. It is done.
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Abstract
Description
前記外装体は、前記電極群を間に挟むように二つ折りにされたフィルム材を含み、
前記フィルム材は、前記電極群の2つの主面とそれぞれ対向する2つの対向部と、前記2つの対向部の間で当該フィルム材を折り曲げた折り目と、前記2つの対向部の周囲にそれぞれ位置する2つの接合代とを含み、
前記2つの接合代が互いに接合されて接合部を形成しており、
前記フィルム材の少なくとも前記2つの対向部が、互いに平行な複数の稜線及び複数の谷線を有する波形に形成されており、かつ前記2つの対向部のうち、一方に形成されている前記複数の稜線と、他方に形成されている前記複数の谷線と、が重なり合っており、
前記折り目が、前記複数の稜線及び前記複数の谷線と平行である、フレキシブル電池に関する。
フィルム材を、互いに平行な複数の稜線及び複数の谷線を含む波形に形成した後、前記複数の稜線及び前記複数の谷線と平行な1つの折り目で、相対すべき部分の一方にある前記複数の稜線と他方にある前記複数の谷線とが重なり合うように、当該フィルム材を二つ折りにするか、または、フィルム材を1つの折り目で二つ折りにした後、相対する部分の一方にある複数の稜線と他方にある複数の谷線とが重なり合うように、当該フィルム材を、前記複数の稜線及び前記複数の谷線を含む波形に形成する工程、
前記1つの折り目で二つ折りにされたフィルム材により前記電極群を挟む工程、並びに、
前記フィルム材の、前記電極群の2つの主面とそれぞれ対向する2つの対向部の周囲に前記折り目のある側を除いて設定された2つの接合代を、互いに接合する工程、
を含む、製造方法に関する。
(実施形態1)
図1に、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレキシブル電池の製造方法により製造されたフレキシブル電池の外観を斜視図により示す。図2に、図1の電池に含まれる電極群の一例を、一部断面図により示す。図3及び図4に、電極群に含まれる正極及び負極の一例をそれぞれ平面図により示す。図5に、外装体の素材の一例としてのラミネートフィルムの構造を一部断面図により示す。
[外装体]
外装体は、耐屈曲性に優れた柔軟性の高い材料(例えばフィルム状の材料)で構成されるのが好ましい。具体的には、外装体は、ラミネートフィルムで構成されており、ラミネートフィルムは、水蒸気バリア層およびバリア層の片面または両面に形成された樹脂層を含む。バリア層は、金属層またはセラミックス層である。
薄型電池に適したシート状の電極が用いられる。電極の平面形状は、特に限定されないが、円形、楕円形、帯状、矩形または矩形に近似できる形状であることが好ましい。矩形に近似できる形状とは、例えば4隅が面取りされた形状や、4隅が円弧状(R状)に丸められた形状などである。
負極は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の片面または両面に付着した負極活物質層とを具備する。負極活物質層は、負極集電体に、負極活物質を圧着または蒸着したり、負極活物質を含む合剤を塗布した後に圧延したりすることにより形成される。
電解質層は、正極と負極とを離間させる機能を有するとともに、イオンの移動を担う電解質を含んでいる。電解質は、液体、ゲルまたは固体のいずれの状態でもよい。なかでも非水電解質は、広い電位窓を有する点で好ましい。電解質層には、その目的を損なわない限り、電解質以外の成分を含ませてもよい。例えば、電解質層の強度、均質性、イオン伝導性などを向上させる目的で、電解質層に無機粒子、樹脂粒子などのフィラーを添加してもよい。無機粒子としては、例えば、アルミナ、シリカなどの微粒子が挙げられる。また、電解質層には、正極と負極との短絡防止のために、不織布や樹脂の延伸シートなどをセパレータ(多孔質シート)として含ませてもよい。
正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体の片面または両面に付着した正極活物質層とを具備する。正極活物質層は、正極集電体に、正極活物質を蒸着したり、正極活物質を含む合剤を塗布した後に圧延したりすることにより形成される。正極合剤には、正極活物質の他に、結着剤が含まれ、必要に応じて導電剤が含まれる。
次に、本発明の実施形態2を、図面を参照して説明する。
図16に、本発明の実施形態2に係るフレキシブル電池の製造方法に使用されるラミネートフィルムを平面図により示す。
次に、本発明の実施形態3を、図面を参照して説明する。
図20に、本発明の一実施形態に係るフレキシブル電池の製造方法に使用されるラミネートフィルムの概略構成を平面図により示す。
(実施例1)
以下の手順で、図1に示したような、接合部の垂直部及び平行部がともに波形であるフレキシブル電池を作製した。なお、以下の項目(1)~(5)に記載した手順は、露点が-30℃以下のドライエア雰囲気で実施した。
負極活物質層としてのリチウム金属箔(31mm×31mm、厚み20μm)を準備した。それを、12×5mmの突出部を有する31×31mmの銅箔(厚み25μm)からなる負極集電体の一方の面(表面粗さ2.6μm)に、100N/cmの線圧で圧着し、負極を得た。その後、突出部に幅3mm、長さ20mmの銅製の負極リードを超音波溶接した。
正極活物質である、350℃で加熱した電解二酸化マンガンと、導電剤であるアセチレンブラックと、結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を含むN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)の溶液((株)クレハ製、商品番号:#8500)とを、二酸化マンガン、アセチレンブラック及びPVDFの質量比が100:5:5となるように混合した。その後、その混合物に適量のNMPを加えることで、ペースト状の正極合剤を得た。
プロピレンカーボネート(PC)とジメトキシエタン(DME)とを、6:4(質量比)の割合で混合して得られた非水溶媒に、電解質塩としての過塩素酸リチウム(LiClO4)を1mol/kgとなるように溶解させて、液体電解質を作製した。
負極と、ゲル状の非水電解質層を含浸させた正極とを、ゲルポリマー電解質を含浸させたセパレータ(電解質層)を介して正極活物質層と負極活物質層とが対向するように積層した。その後、積層したものを、90℃、0.5MPaで1分間熱プレスすることで電極群を作製した。
バリア層としてのアルミニウム箔、シール層(外装体の内側の樹脂層)としてのポリプロピレン層、及び保護層(外装体の外側の樹脂層)としてのナイロン層を備えた42×92mmのラミネートフィルム(厚み110μm)を準備した。図7に示したような、波形成用の上型51及び下型52を含む金型(稜線ピッチ:5mm)を準備した。その金型を使用して、上記のラミネートフィルムを加圧成形することにより、図8に示したような、ほぼ全ての領域が波形に形成されたラミネートフィルムを作製した。
ラミネートフィルムを二つ折りにした後に、上記のラミネートフィルムのほぼ全ての領域を波形に形成した(第2の方法)こと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池Bという)を作製した。
図14に示したような、対向面が平坦である融着用の上型55及び下型56を含む金型を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池C)を作製した。
図16に示したように、各接合代のうち、ラミネートフィルムの長手方向の両端部は波形に形成せず、それ以外の部分は波形に形成した。接合部の融着用の金型として、図18に示したような、接合部の平行部と対応する部分が平坦であり、接合部の垂直部と対応する部分が波形である上型57及び下型58を含む金型を使用した。以上のこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池D)を作製した。
図23に示すように、ラミネートフィルム40’を折り目2’で二つ折りにした後、ラミネートフィルム40’のほぼ全領域を、折り目2’と平行な稜線44及び谷線45を含む波形46に形成した。このとき、ラミネートフィルム40’の、折り目2’を境界として区分される一方の部分40a’及び他方の部分40b’の各波形の位相が180°ずれるようにした。つまり、その折り目2’に対して、各部分40a’及び40b’の稜線44同士が重なり合い、谷線45同士が重なり合うように、ラミネートフィルム40’を波形に形成した。
図25に示すように、それぞれがバリア層、シール層及び保護層を有する2つのラミネートフィルム61及び62を準備した。そして、各ラミネートフィルム61及び62を、互いに平行な稜線44及び谷線45が等ピッチで並ぶ波形46に形成した。各ラミネートフィルム61及び62を、波形46の位相が合うように重ね合わせた状態で、それらの間の中央に電極群を挟み、電極群と対向するそれぞれの対向部の周囲の部分(各接合代)を融着して接合した。このとき、正極リード及び負極リードの一部を外部に露出させて、正極端子及び負極端子とした。以上のこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(比較電池2)を作製した。
(a)柔軟性の評価(3点曲げ試験)
薄型電池の柔軟性を、テンシロン万能試験機(オリエンテック社製RTC-1150A)を用いて、3点曲げ試験で評価した。
具体的には、図26および図27に示すように、対向配置された一対の台座100a、100bの上面端部の支点101a、101bに、薄型電池10の2つの熱溶着された2つの端部をそれぞれ載置した。そして、2つの支点101a、101bで支えられた薄型電池10の中央に、上方から、平板状圧子102の丸みを帯びた先端を線接触させ、圧子102で電池10の中央部に圧力をかけた。
台座100a、100bの支点101a、101bは、曲率半径2mmの曲面になっている。支点間距離は30mmとし、圧子102の先端の曲率半径は5mmとした。荷重印加速度は100mm/分とした。このときに観測される最大荷重は、薄型電池の柔軟性を示す指標となる。最大荷重が小さいほど、柔軟性が優れている。
(高温・多湿保存試験)
各フレキシブル電池について高温・多湿保存試験を行った。電池A~D、並びに比較電池1及び2(以下、試験電池と総称する)をそれぞれ2個準備した。2個の電池のうち、一方の電池について、環境温度:25℃、放電電流密度:250μA/cm2(正極の単位面積あたりの電流値)、並びに、放電終止電圧:1.8Vの条件下で放電試験を実施し、その放電容量を求めた。求められた放電容量を、当該試験前の放電容量とする。
図28に示すように、曲率半径が20mmの曲面部を有する治具120を各試験電池に押し当てて、各試験電池を治具120の曲面部に沿って屈曲させた後、治具120を引き離して各試験電池を元の状態に戻す一連の工程を10000回繰り返した。その後、各試験電池を5MPaの圧力でプレスし、電解質が漏れた各試験電池の数量を確認した。このようにして、封止性能の一部である耐漏液性能を評価した。
接合部のうち、折り目と垂直に延びる2つの垂直部の幅を、それぞれ1mmとし、ラミネートフィルムのサイズを38×92mmとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池E)を作製した。
接合部のうち、折り目と反対側の折り目と平行に延びる平行部の幅を10mmとし、ラミネートフィルムのサイズを56×92mmとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池F)を作製した。
接合部のうち、折り目と垂直に延びる2つの垂直部の幅を、それぞれ12mmとし、ラミネートフィルムのサイズを60×92mmとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池G)を作製した。
電解質層をドライポリマー電解質としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池H)を作製した。
アセトニトリル100gに、粘度平均分子量100000のポリエチレンオキサイド(米国Sigma-Aldrich corp.製)10gおよびジメトキシエタン(DME)10gを溶解させて、ポリエチレンオキサイドのアセトニトリル溶液を得た。そして、この溶液にLiN(CF3SO2)2を、リチウムイオン濃度[Li]とポリマー中のエチレンオキサイド部のエーテル酸素濃度[EO]とのモル比率[Li]/[EO]が0.05となるように添加した。このようにして、ドライポリマー電解質のアセトニトリル溶液を得た。得られたドライポリマー電解質のアセトニトリル溶液を、リチウム金属箔上、および正極層上にキャストした。そして、室温で48時間真空乾燥し、溶媒成分であるアセトニトリルとDMEを除去して、正極活物質層及び負極活物質層の上に電解質を形成した。そして、負極、正極及び電解質を、間にドライポリマーからなる電解質層を介在させて正極活物質層と負極活物質層とが対向するように積層した。その積層したものを、90℃、0.5MPaの条件で1分間熱プレスすることにより電極群を作製した。
電解質層を液体電解質にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池I)を作製した。
負極活物質として、Li-Al合金(Alの質量%:3%)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚みが400μmであるフレキシブル電池(電池J)を作製した。
図20に示したような、周縁部(接合代)が全て平坦であり、電極群と対向する対向部だけに波形を形成したラミネートフィルムを、第1の方法により準備した。図14に示したような、対向面が全て平坦な上型55及び下型56を含む金型を使用して、各接合代を接合した。以上のこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、厚み400μmのフレキシブル電池(電池K)を作製した。
ラミネートフィルムを二つ折りにした後で、ラミネートフィルムの各対向部だけを波形に形成した(第2の方法)こと以外は、実施例12と同様にして、厚み400μmのフレキシブル電池(電池L)を作製した。
Claims (11)
- シート状の電極群と、電解質と、前記電極群及び前記電解質を収容する、可撓性を有する外装体と、を具備するフレキシブル電池であって、
前記外装体は、前記電極群を間に挟むように二つ折りにされたフィルム材を含み、
前記フィルム材は、前記電極群の2つの主面とそれぞれ対向する2つの対向部と、前記2つの対向部の間で当該フィルム材を折り曲げた折り目と、前記2つの対向部の周囲にそれぞれ位置する2つの接合代とを含み、
前記2つの接合代が互いに接合されて接合部を形成しており、
前記フィルム材の少なくとも前記2つの対向部が、互いに平行な複数の稜線及び複数の谷線を有する波形に形成されており、かつ前記2つの対向部のうち、一方に形成されている前記複数の稜線と、他方に形成されている前記複数の谷線と、が重なり合っており、
前記折り目が、前記複数の稜線及び前記複数の谷線と平行である、フレキシブル電池。 - 前記接合部が、前記折り目と垂直に延びている複数の垂直部と、前記折り目の反対側で前記折り目と平行に延びている平行部とを含み、
前記複数の垂直部が、それぞれ前記波形に形成されており、かつ前記2つの対向部の波と前記垂直部の波とが連続しており、
前記垂直部に対応する前記2つの接合代の部分のうち、一方に形成されている前記複数の稜線と、他方に形成されている前記複数の谷線と、が重なり合っている、請求項1記載のフレキシブル電池。 - 前記接合部が、前記折り目と垂直に延びている複数の垂直部と、前記折り目の反対側で前記折り目と平行に延びている平行部とを含み、
前記複数の垂直部が、それぞれ前記波形に形成されておらず平坦である、請求項1記載のフレキシブル電池。 - 前記平行部が、前記波形に形成されており、
前記平行部に対応する前記2つの接合代の部分のうち、一方に形成されている前記複数の稜線と、他方に形成されている前記複数の谷線と、が互いに重なっている、請求項2または3記載のフレキシブル電池。 - 前記平行部が、前記波形に形成されておらず平坦である、請求項2または3記載のフレキシブル電池。
- 前記接合部の幅が、1~10mmである請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のフレキシブル電池。
- 前記電解質が、ポリマー電解質を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のフレキシブル電池。
- 前記フィルム材が、金属層及び樹脂層を有するラミネートフィルムである、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のフレキシブル電池。
- シート状の電極群と、電解質と、前記電極群及び前記電解質を収容する、可撓性を有する外装体と、を具備するフレキシブル電池の製造方法であって、
フィルム材を、互いに平行な複数の稜線及び複数の谷線を含む波形に形成した後、前記複数の稜線及び前記複数の谷線と平行な1つの折り目で、相対すべき部分の一方にある前記複数の稜線と他方にある前記複数の谷線とが重なり合うように、当該フィルム材を二つ折りにするか、または、フィルム材を1つの折り目で二つ折りにした後、相対する部分の一方にある複数の稜線と他方にある複数の谷線とが重なり合うように、当該フィルム材を、前記複数の稜線及び前記複数の谷線を含む波形に形成する工程、
前記1つの折り目で二つ折りにされたフィルム材により前記電極群を挟む工程、並びに、
前記フィルム材の、前記電極群の2つの主面とそれぞれ対向する2つの対向部の周囲に前記折り目のある側を除いて設定された2つの接合代を、互いに接合する工程、
を含む、製造方法。 - 前記フィルム材を前記波形に形成するときに、前記2つの接合代に対応する部分を前記波形に形成せず平坦にする、請求項9記載のフレキシブル電池の製造方法。
- 前記フィルム材を前記波形に形成するときに、前記2つの接合代に対応する部分を前記波形に形成する、請求項9記載のフレキシブル電池の製造方法。
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JP5753258B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
CN102959760B (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
US20130101884A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
US8785030B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
CN102959760A (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
JPWO2012140709A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
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