WO2018214973A1 - 一种可凝胶化体系及在锂空气电池、有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池中的应用 - Google Patents
一种可凝胶化体系及在锂空气电池、有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018214973A1 WO2018214973A1 PCT/CN2018/088496 CN2018088496W WO2018214973A1 WO 2018214973 A1 WO2018214973 A1 WO 2018214973A1 CN 2018088496 W CN2018088496 W CN 2018088496W WO 2018214973 A1 WO2018214973 A1 WO 2018214973A1
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- group
- electrolyte
- lithium
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 ether compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 254
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 21
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- APEJMQOBVMLION-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid amide Natural products NC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 APEJMQOBVMLION-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005366 cycloalkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)O INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005844 heterocyclyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004468 heterocyclylthio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004135 Bone phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LSBDFXRDZJMBSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 LSBDFXRDZJMBSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JFMGYULNQJPJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound OCC1COC(=O)O1 JFMGYULNQJPJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YPWFNLSXQIGJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane Chemical compound C1CC2CCC1O2 YPWFNLSXQIGJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-butylbenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CCCCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylacetamide Chemical compound CCNC(C)=O PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- NVJBFARDFTXOTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfite Chemical compound CCOS(=O)OCC NVJBFARDFTXOTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FMQCKJHUYDYTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl sulfite Chemical compound CCOS(=O)OC FMQCKJHUYDYTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OHPZPBNDOVQJMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 OHPZPBNDOVQJMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YOURXVGYNVXQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecane-2,11-dione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCC(=O)O1 YOURXVGYNVXQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VVHFXJOCUKBZFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyloxirane Chemical compound ClCC1(C)CO1 VVHFXJOCUKBZFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MTJUELTVQKBEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxetane Chemical compound ClCC1CCO1 MTJUELTVQKBEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CXURGFRDGROIKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxetane Chemical compound ClCC1(CCl)COC1 CXURGFRDGROIKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LJPCNSSTRWGCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloxolane Chemical compound CC1CCOC1 LJPCNSSTRWGCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WMSPXQIQBQAWLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopropanesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1CC1 WMSPXQIQBQAWLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorobutanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BRGBJOARAPZJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(CS(N)(=O)=O)C=C1F BRGBJOARAPZJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003161 (C1-C6) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- GKSGSDYYIYURPD-PHDIDXHHSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-[(1r,2r)-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)cyclohexyl]methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)N[C@@H]1CCCC[C@H]1NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F GKSGSDYYIYURPD-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- RCCPEORTSYDPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy benzenecarboximidothioate Chemical compound OSC(=N)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCCPEORTSYDPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DROIHSMGGKKIJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonamide Chemical compound CCCS(N)(=O)=O DROIHSMGGKKIJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- BUGOPWGPQGYYGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCC1 BUGOPWGPQGYYGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of gel electrolytes, and in particular relates to a gellable system and application in a lithium air battery, an ultracapacitor or a capacitor battery of an organic system.
- Lithium-ion batteries have attracted more and more attention because of their higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries.
- Lithium-air batteries are mainly made of porous carbon because of their cathode materials, and oxygen can be continuously obtained from the environment without being stored in the battery, so that it has the characteristics of light weight and the like.
- the anode of the conventional lithium air battery is infiltrated in the organic electrolyte, and the air is infiltrated in the aqueous electrolyte.
- the organic electrolyte and the aqueous electrolyte are separated by the separator to prevent mixing of the two electrolytes, and the battery can be reacted.
- Li 2 O lithium oxide
- the positive electrode active material oxygen of the lithium air battery is not stored in the battery but is directly taken from the air.
- other components in the air such as H 2 O and CO 2 , have a significant impact on the performance of lithium-air batteries.
- H 2 O reacts with the negative metal lithium to form H 2 , which poses a serious safety problem
- CO 2 reacts with the discharge product Li 2 O 2 of the positive electrode to form a hardly decomposable Li 2 CO 3 , thereby blocking the oxygen transmission channel. , seriously affecting the performance of the battery.
- the performance of the battery is often studied in a dry pure oxygen environment. Strictly speaking, the system can be temporarily called a "lithium oxygen battery.”
- the system can be temporarily called a "lithium oxygen battery.”
- the oxygen tank for the battery, because this will seriously reduce the energy density of the lithium-air battery.
- the ultimate goal of the system is to be able to work in an air environment. Therefore, the use of a gel electrolyte system and a solid electrolyte system is very necessary in a lithium air battery.
- the safety of lithium-air batteries also restricts its further development.
- the safety issues mainly involve the dissolution of the anode material, the piercing of the separator, and the volatilization and leakage of the liquid organic or aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, problems such as leakage of volatile electrolyte, flammability of the battery, and overpotential decomposition seriously restrict the safety of the lithium-air battery.
- These lithium batteries are far less than supercapacitors in terms of fast charge and discharge performance and service life.
- Supercapacitor also known as Electrochemical Capacitor (EC)
- EC Electrochemical Capacitor
- supercapacitors can be divided into aqueous supercapacitors and organic supercapacitors; supercapacitors of aqueous systems mostly use strong acidity or strong alkali as electrolytes, but their decomposition voltage is low, generally 1.2V, which is extremely large. The degree affects the energy density of the device; the supercapacitor of the organic system mostly uses a volatile organic solvent as the electrolyte; similarly, the electrolyte of the capacitor battery is mostly an organic system.
- the safety problems caused by electrolytes such as combustion and explosion in organic system electrolytes also restrict its further development.
- the safety of supercapacitors and capacitor batteries in organic systems mainly involves the volatilization, leakage and thermal explosion of liquid organic electrolytes. , electrolyte decomposition and other issues. Therefore, the leakage of volatile electrolytes, battery flammability and overpotential decomposition seriously restrict the safety of supercapacitors.
- inorganic solid electrolytes In order to overcome the problems of liquid electrolyte leakage and flammability, inorganic solid electrolytes, polymer solid electrolytes, and polymer gel electrolytes have been extensively studied, wherein the inorganic solid electrolyte is a lithium salt containing inorganic superionic conductivity;
- the polymer solid electrolyte is a conductive solid composed of a polymer and a lithium salt.
- the current reported solid electrolyte has poor electrical conductivity, which seriously affects the cycle performance of the prepared battery.
- the polymer gel electrolyte has good conductivity and its porous structure can effectively inhibit the volatilization and leakage of the electrolyte
- the current reported polymerization of the gel electrolyte is introduced into the polymer or synthetic step from the raw material.
- a relatively complex small-molecule organogel factor is used in a conventional electrolyte, and the obtained polymer gel electrolyte needs to be in a flowing state at a relatively high temperature, and is in a gel state at a low temperature, which makes it necessary to inject liquid.
- the use of high temperature injection increases the complexity of the experimental operation.
- the transition temperature of the prepared polymer gel electrolyte is relatively low, and the gel state is relatively easily destroyed. Once the gel is destroyed, it cannot be reused. , greatly increasing the cost.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a gel or solid electrolyte prepared by gelation of a gellable system for a lithium air battery, and a preparation method and application of the gel or solid electrolyte.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a supercapacitor of an organic system and a capacitor battery of an organic system.
- a gellable system for a lithium air battery comprising the following components: (a) a lithium salt, (b) an ether compound, and (c) an electrolyte for a lithium air battery or a solvent thereof;
- the ether compound is selected from at least one of a cyclic ether compound or a linear ether compound;
- the electrolyte for a lithium air battery or a solvent thereof is selected from the group consisting of an ester electrolyte and a solvent thereof, and an ether type electrolysis Liquid and solvent thereof, amide electrolyte and solvent thereof, nitrile electrolyte and solvent thereof, sulfone electrolyte and solvent thereof; gellizable polymer and/or gellizable prepolymer in system
- the mass percentage is less than or equal to 1% by weight.
- the mass percentage of the ether compound is 20% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less;
- the mass percentage of the electrolyte or the solvent thereof for the lithium air battery is 20% by weight or more and 75% by weight or less, the inorganic
- the mass percentage of the nanoparticles is 0% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less
- the mass percentage of the additive is 0% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less.
- the mass percentage of the ether compound is more than 60% by weight and less than or equal to 90% by weight;
- the mass percentage of the electrolyte or the solvent thereof for the lithium air battery is 5% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less, the inorganic nanometer
- the mass percentage of the particles is greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight, and the mass percentage of the additive is greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight.
- a gel electrolyte comprising the gel described above.
- a lithium air battery comprising a gel electrolyte and/or a solid electrolyte prepared by a gellable system; the gellable system comprising the following a component: (a) a lithium salt, (b) an ether compound, and (c) an electrolyte for a lithium air battery or a solvent thereof;
- the ether compound is selected from the group consisting of a cyclic ether compound and a linear ether compound At least one of; the gelatinizable polymer and/or the gellable prepolymer in the system has a mass percentage of less than or equal to 1% by weight.
- a gelation system the gellable system comprises the following components: (a) a lithium salt and (b) an ether compound selected from the group consisting of a cyclic ether compound and a linear ether compound At least one of; the gelatinizable polymer and/or the gellable prepolymer in the system has a mass percentage of less than or equal to 1% by weight.
- the present invention provides a gellable system for a lithium air battery and a gel and/or solid electrolyte prepared therefrom, and a method and application thereof.
- the present invention also provides an ultracapacitor or capacitor battery of an organic system.
- a lithium salt and a small molecular ether compound one of a cyclic ether compound or a linear ether compound
- ring-opening polymerization or polycondensation of small molecular ether compounds can form a gel system or a solid system; supercapacitors for lithium air batteries and organic systems are added to the gel system or solid state system.
- the prepared system not only has the safety of use superior to the ordinary gel system or the solid system, but also by adjusting the content and type of each component in the gellable system,
- the strength of the gel system or solid system, the formation time of the gel system or the solid system, the transition temperature of the gel system or the solid system, the change in strength can cause the gel system to expand to In solid-state systems, the application range of the gel system is further expanded.
- the gel system or the solid system is also reversible, that is, the gel system or the solid system can be prepared at a temperature lower than the transition temperature, and after the high temperature treatment (heating to above the transition temperature), the gel system Or the solid state system will become able to flow, but after it is left to cool down (below the transition temperature), it can be restored to the original gel system or solid state system, and the properties will not change.
- the gel system or the solid state system can not only meet the safety of the supercapacitor or the capacitor battery of the battery, the organic system, and the normal use of the battery, but also prepare the raw materials generally, and the preparation process is simple, and does not involve complicated and lengthy experimental steps.
- the gel and solid electrolyte prepared by the gellable system for a lithium air battery according to the present invention, or the gel and solid electrolyte of the supercapacitor or capacitor battery of the organic system are adjustable in strength
- the formation time ie, transition from a free-flowing liquid state to a non-flowable gel state and/or a solid electrolyte state
- the transition temperature ie, from a non-flowable gel state and/or a solid electrolyte state to a
- the lowest temperature in the free-flowing liquid state is adjustable, that is, different strength gels and solid electrolytes can be prepared according to specific needs to meet different needs.
- the gel and the solid electrolyte have strong impact resistance.
- the gel and the solid electrolyte can not only effectively solve the problem of leakage of the liquid electrolyte solution, but also make
- the lithium air battery has higher charging and discharging efficiency and better impact resistance, so that the supercapacitor or the capacitor battery of the organic system has higher safety of use; and the growth thorn of lithium dendrites can be better prevented. Breaking the diaphragm or the solid electrolyte causes a short circuit of the battery, so that the lithium air battery has higher safety of use.
- the gel and solid electrolyte prepared by the gellable system for a lithium air battery according to the present invention, or the gel and solid electrolyte in the supercapacitor or capacitor battery of the organic system are higher
- the transition temperature is also reversible.
- the gel or solid electrolyte When used at a temperature higher than its transition temperature, the gel and the solid electrolyte become flowable, but after cooling it below the transition temperature, it is reversible and can be re-formed into a gel. It can be reused as a solid electrolyte; because of its high transition temperature and reversibility, it can delay the service life and save costs, making it a new green gel material.
- the gel and solid electrolyte of the present invention are simple in preparation, mild in reaction conditions, short in reaction cycle, high in product yield, low in preparation cost, and easy to realize industrial production.
- the gel and solid electrolyte prepared by the gellable system of the present invention, or the gel and solid electrolyte in the supercapacitor or capacitor battery of the organic system can exhibit a better gel at low temperature.
- the state or the state of the solid electrolyte, that is, the gel state or the solid electrolyte state can be maintained below the transition temperature of the gel or solid electrolyte, and the strength of the gel and the solid electrolyte is better at a low temperature.
- the gel or solid electrolyte prepared by the gellizable system of the present invention can be applied to a lithium air battery, an ultracapacitor or a capacitor battery of an organic system, and can still be used at high and low temperatures.
- Fig. 1 is a graph showing the cycle performance of a gel electrolyte obtained in Example 1-1 as a lithium air battery electrolyte assembled into a battery.
- Example 2 is a cycle performance diagram of the solid electrolyte obtained in Example 1-3 assembled into a battery as a lithium air battery electrolyte.
- Fig. 3 is a graph showing the first three charge and discharge data of the gel electrolyte obtained in Example 2-1 as a supercapacitor electrolyte of an organic system assembled into a supercapacitor.
- Example 4 is a cycle performance diagram of a solid state electrolyte obtained in Example 2-6 as a capacitor battery electrolyte of an organic system assembled into a capacitor battery.
- Fig. 5 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the gel electrolyte purified product obtained in Example 1-1.
- a first aspect of the present invention provides a gellable system for a lithium air battery, the system comprising the following components: (a) a lithium salt, (b) an ether compound, and (c) for lithium An electrolyte of an air battery or a solvent thereof;
- the ether compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of a cyclic ether compound or a linear ether compound;
- the electrolyte for a lithium air battery or a solvent thereof is selected from the group consisting of amides Electrolyte and solvent thereof, nitrile electrolyte and solvent thereof, sulfone electrolyte and solvent thereof; mass percentage of gellable polymer and/or gellable prepolymer in system is less than or equal to 1wt %.
- the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100% by weight.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 5% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less; and the mass percentage of the ether compound is greater than or equal to 20% by weight and 90% by weight or less; the mass percentage of the electrolyte or the solvent thereof for the lithium air battery is 5% by weight or more and 75% by weight or less.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 10% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less; and the mass percentage of the ether compound is 20% by weight or more. And less than or equal to 60% by weight; the mass percentage of the electrolyte or the solvent thereof for the lithium air battery is 20% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less.
- the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 10% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less; and the ether compound has a mass percentage of more than 60% by weight and 85 wt% or less; the mass percentage of the electrolyte or the solvent thereof for the lithium air battery is 5% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less.
- the lithium salt may be selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perfluorobutylsulfonate, lithium aluminate, chlorine One or more of lithium aluminate, lithium fluorosulfonimide, lithium chloride and lithium iodide; preferably, the lithium salt is selected from one or both of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, and the like. .
- inorganic nanoparticles are further included in the gellable system.
- the inorganic nanoparticles have a mass percentage of greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight.
- the inorganic nanoparticles have a mass percentage of more than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 20% by weight.
- the gellizable system further comprises (e) an additive selected from one or more of a polyester or a blend thereof; wherein the polyester is composed of a polybasic acid or an acid anhydride Polycondensed with a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of dibasic acids, tribasic acids or polybasic acids selected from the group consisting of glycols, trihydric alcohols or polyhydric alcohols.
- the additive has a mass percentage of greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight.
- the additive has a mass percentage of more than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 20% by weight.
- a second aspect of the present invention provides a gel obtained by gelling a gellizable system for a lithium air battery as described above; wherein the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 5% by weight or more And 60% by weight or less; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 20% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less; the mass percentage of the electrolyte or the solvent thereof for the lithium air battery is 20% by weight or more or less.
- the inorganic nanoparticles have a mass percentage of greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 30 wt%, and the mass percent of the additive is greater than or equal to 0 wt% and less than or equal to 30 wt%.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 10% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less; and the mass percentage of the ether compound is 20% by weight or more. And less than or equal to 60% by weight; the mass percentage of the electrolyte for the lithium air battery or the solvent thereof is 20% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less, and the mass percentage of the inorganic nanoparticles is more than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 20% by weight, the mass percentage of the additive is more than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 20% by weight.
- the gel has a transition temperature of 40 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 75 ° C.
- the gel has a conductivity of 10 -6 to 10 -1 S/cm, preferably 10 -5 to 5 ⁇ 10 -2 S/cm.
- a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing the above gel, comprising the steps of:
- the gelation process needs to be completed under standing conditions.
- the gel is formed at a temperature lower than the transition temperature of the gel, and the gel is formed for a time of 30 seconds to 300 hours.
- an electrolyte for a lithium air battery or a solvent thereof, a lithium salt and an ether compound are subjected to a pre-water removal treatment; preferably, an electrolyte for a lithium air battery is used by a molecular sieve and/or a vacuum drying method. Or its solvent, lithium salt and ether compound are subjected to pre-water removal treatment.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a solid electrolyte obtained by gelling a gellizable system for a lithium air battery described above; wherein the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 5% by weight or more And the content of the ether compound is greater than 60% by weight and less than or equal to 90% by weight; the mass percentage of the electrolyte for the lithium air battery or the solvent thereof is 5% by weight or more and 30% or less.
- the inorganic nanoparticle has a mass percentage of greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight
- the additive has a mass percentage of greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight.
- the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 10% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less; and the ether compound has a mass percentage of more than 60% by weight and 85 wt% or less; the mass percentage of the electrolyte or the solvent thereof for the lithium air battery is 5% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less, and the mass percentage of the inorganic nanoparticles is more than 0 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt% %, the mass percentage of the additive is more than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 20% by weight.
- the solid electrolyte has a transition temperature of 65 to 130 ° C, preferably 75 to 120 ° C.
- the solid electrolyte has a conductivity of 10 -7 to 10 -3 S/cm, preferably 10 -6 to 10 -3 S/cm.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing the above solid electrolyte, comprising the steps of:
- the gelation process needs to be completed under standing conditions.
- the solid electrolyte is formed at a temperature lower than a transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, and the solid electrolyte is formed for a time of 30 minutes to 150 hours.
- an electrolyte for a lithium air battery or a solvent thereof, a lithium salt and an ether compound are subjected to a pre-water removal treatment; preferably, an electrolyte for a lithium air battery is used by a molecular sieve and/or a vacuum drying method. Or its solvent, lithium salt and ether compound are subjected to pre-water removal treatment.
- a sixth aspect of the invention provides a gel electrolyte comprising the gel described above.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above gel, the above solid electrolyte, and the above gel electrolyte, which is used in the field of lithium air batteries and the like.
- An eighth aspect of the present invention provides a lithium air battery comprising a gel electrolyte and/or a solid electrolyte prepared by a gellable system;
- the gelling system comprises the following components: (a) a lithium salt, (b) an ether compound, and (c) an electrolyte for a lithium air battery or a solvent thereof;
- the ether compound is selected from the group consisting of a cyclic ether compound and a straight At least one of the chain ether compounds;
- the gelatinizable polymer and/or the gellable prepolymer in the system has a mass percentage of 1% by weight or less.
- a ninth aspect of the present invention provides a supercapacitor of an organic system comprising a gel electrolyte and/or a solid electrolyte prepared by a gellable system;
- the gellable system comprises the following components: (a) a lithium salt and (b) an ether compound, the ether compound being selected from at least one of a cyclic ether compound and a linear ether compound;
- the gelled polymer and/or gellable prepolymer has a mass percentage of less than or equal to 1% by weight.
- a tenth aspect of the present invention provides a capacitor battery of an organic system comprising a gel electrolyte and/or a solid electrolyte prepared by a gellable system;
- the gellable system comprises the following components: (a) a lithium salt and (b) an ether compound, the ether compound being selected from at least one of a cyclic ether compound and a linear ether compound;
- the gelled polymer and/or gellable prepolymer has a mass percentage of less than or equal to 1% by weight.
- the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100% by weight.
- the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 2% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less; and the ether compound has a mass percentage of 50% by weight or more and 98% by weight or less.
- the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 5% by weight or more and less than 20% by weight; or, the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 20% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less.
- the lithium salt may be selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perfluorobutylsulfonate, bistrifluoromethanesulfonate.
- the gel process system further includes (c) an electrolyte for a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery of an organic system or a solvent thereof.
- the mass percentage of the electrolyte of the supercapacitor or the capacitor battery for the organic system or the solvent thereof is 0% by weight or more and 48% by weight or less.
- the mass percentage of the electrolyte of the supercapacitor or the capacitor battery for the organic system or the solvent thereof is more than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 40% by weight.
- inorganic nanoparticles are further included in the gellable system.
- the inorganic nanoparticles have a mass percentage of greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight.
- the inorganic nanoparticles have a mass percentage of more than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 20% by weight.
- the gellizable system further comprises (e) an additive selected from one or more of a polyester or a blend thereof; wherein the polyester is composed of a polybasic acid or An acid anhydride is obtained by polycondensation of a polybasic acid selected from the group consisting of a dibasic acid, a tribasic acid or a polybasic acid, and the polyhydric alcohol is selected from the group consisting of a dihydric alcohol, a trihydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol.
- the additive has a mass percentage of greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight.
- the additive has a mass percentage of more than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 20% by weight.
- the gel electrolyte is prepared by a gellizable system, wherein the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 2% by weight or more and less than 20% by weight;
- the mass percentage of the compound is greater than 50% by weight and less than or equal to 98% by weight;
- the mass percentage of the electrolyte or solvent of the supercapacitor or capacitor battery for the organic system is greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 48% by weight;
- the mass percentage of the inorganic nanoparticles is greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight;
- the mass percentage of the additive is greater than or equal to 0% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight.
- the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 5% by weight or more and less than 20% by weight; the ether compound has a mass percentage of more than 55% by weight and less than or equal to 95% by weight; the supercapacitor or capacitor for the organic system
- the mass percentage of the electrolyte of the battery or the solvent thereof is greater than 0 wt% and less than or equal to 40 wt%; the mass percentage of the inorganic nanoparticles is greater than 0 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt%; the mass percentage of the additive is greater than 0 wt. % and less than or equal to 20% by weight.
- the gel electrolyte has a transition temperature of 40 to 95 ° C, preferably 45 to 85 ° C.
- the gel electrolyte has a conductivity of 10 -5 to 10 -1 S/cm, preferably 10 -4 to 10 -2 S/cm.
- the solid electrolyte is prepared by a gellizable system, wherein the lithium salt has a mass percentage of 20% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less;
- the mass percentage of the compound is 50% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less;
- the mass percentage of the electrolyte of the supercapacitor or the capacitor battery for the organic system or the solvent thereof is 0% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less;
- the mass percentage of the inorganic nanoparticles is 0% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less;
- the mass percentage of the additive is 0% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 20 wt% or more and 30 wt% or less; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 55 wt% or more and 80 wt% or less; the supercapacitor for an organic system Or the mass percentage of the electrolyte of the capacitor battery or the solvent thereof is greater than 0 wt% and less than or equal to 25 wt%; the mass percentage of the inorganic nanoparticles is greater than 0 wt% and less than or equal to 20 wt%; the mass percentage of the additive More than 0% by weight and less than or equal to 20% by weight.
- the solid electrolyte has a transition temperature of 60 to 130 ° C, preferably 80 to 110 ° C.
- the solid electrolyte has a conductivity of 10 -7 to 10 -3 S/cm, preferably 10 -6 to 10 -4 S/cm.
- An eleventh aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing the above gel electrolyte, comprising the steps of:
- An ether compound, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte of a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery, optionally used in an organic system, or a solvent thereof, and optionally an inorganic nanoparticle and optionally an additive, are stirred to obtain an ether compound of a lithium salt
- the preparation method of the gel electrolyte specifically comprises the following steps:
- Adding an ether compound to a lithium salt stirring to obtain a solution of a lithium salt ether compound, optionally using an electrolyte for a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery of an organic system or a solvent thereof and/or inorganic nanoparticles and/or additives
- the solution of the ether compound added to the lithium salt that is, the gellable system, is continuously stirred, and gelled to obtain the gel electrolyte.
- the lithium salt, an ether compound, an electrolyte of a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery for an organic system or a solvent thereof, and inorganic nanoparticles and additives are optionally subjected to water removal treatment; preferably, The molecular sieve and/or vacuum drying method pre-dehydrates the lithium salt, the ether compound, an electrolyte of a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery for an organic system or a solvent thereof, and inorganic nanoparticles and additives.
- the gelation process needs to be completed under standing conditions.
- the gel electrolyte is formed at a temperature lower than a transition temperature of the gel electrolyte, and the gel electrolyte is formed for a time of 5 seconds to 300 hours.
- a twelfth aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing the above solid electrolyte, comprising the steps of:
- An ether compound, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte of a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery, optionally used in an organic system, or a solvent thereof, and optionally an inorganic nanoparticle and optionally an additive, are stirred to obtain an ether compound of a lithium salt
- the method for preparing the solid electrolyte specifically comprises the following steps:
- Adding an ether compound to a lithium salt stirring to obtain a solution of a lithium salt ether compound, optionally using an electrolyte for a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery of an organic system or a solvent thereof and/or inorganic nanoparticles and/or additives
- the solution of the ether compound added to the lithium salt that is, the gellable system, is continuously stirred, and the solid electrolyte is obtained by gelation.
- the lithium salt, an ether compound, an electrolyte of a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery for an organic system or a solvent thereof, and inorganic nanoparticles and additives are optionally subjected to water removal treatment; preferably, The molecular sieve and/or vacuum drying method pre-dehydrates the lithium salt, the ether compound, an electrolyte of a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery for an organic system or a solvent thereof, and inorganic nanoparticles and additives.
- the gelation process needs to be completed under standing conditions.
- the solid electrolyte is formed at a temperature lower than a transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, and the solid electrolyte is formed for a time of 30 minutes to 100 hours.
- the lithium salt, an ether compound, an electrolyte of a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery for an organic system or a solvent thereof, and inorganic nanoparticles and additives are optionally subjected to water removal treatment; preferably, The molecular sieve and/or vacuum drying method pre-dehydrates the lithium salt, the ether compound, an electrolyte of a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery for an organic system or a solvent thereof, and inorganic nanoparticles and additives.
- n is an integer greater than 0;
- R 2 is selected from a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkylene group, a linear or branched C 2 -C 6 alkenylene group; the H on the carbon atom on R 2 can be At least one substitution in the group: alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, Heterocyclylthio, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, hydroxy, decyl, nitro, carboxy, amino, ester, halogen, acyl, aldehyde;
- R 1 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from one or more of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group; the carbon of the R 1 and R 3 H on an atom may be substituted by at least one of the following groups: alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclic , heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylthio, aryl, aryloxy, hydroxy, decyl, nitro, carboxy, amino, ester, halogen, acyl, aldehyde.
- n is an integer between 1 and 6;
- R 2 is selected from a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 alkylene group, a linear or branched C 2 -C 6 alkenylene group;
- 1 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, vinyl;
- R 1 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl. , propyl.
- the linear ether compound is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, 1,4-butanediol dimethyl ether, and 1,4-butanediol.
- the linear ether compound is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, 1,4-butanediol dimethyl ether, and 1,4-butanediol.
- diethyl ether, 1,4-butanediol methyl ethyl ether and the like are examples of diethyl ether, 1,4-butanediol methyl ethyl ether and the like.
- the linear ether compound is, for example, one of the following compounds:
- the cyclic ether compound is selected from cyclic ether compounds containing one oxygen, two oxygen, three oxygen or more.
- the cyclic ether compound may be a monocyclic ring, a fused ring (such as a bicyclic ring), a spiro ring or a bridged ring.
- the cyclic ether compound is selected from a C 2 - C 20 cycloalkane having at least one oxygen atom (that is, 2 to 20 carbon atoms in the cyclic structure) or at least 1 oxygen atom.
- the C 3 -C 20 cyclic olefin i.e., 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the cyclic structure contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
- the cycloalkane or cycloalkene is a monocyclic ring, a fused ring (such as a bicyclic ring), a spiro ring or a bridged ring; when the cycloalkane or cycloalkene is a spiro ring or a bridged ring and contains two or more oxygen atoms
- the oxygen atoms may be on one ring or on multiple rings.
- the cyclic ether compound is selected from a C 2 to C 20 monocycloalkane having at least one oxygen atom, and is preferably selected from a C 3 to C 20 monocycloalkane having at least one oxygen atom.
- first class compounds one of the following first class compounds:
- the cyclic ether compound is selected from a C 4 to C 20 fused cycloalkane having at least one oxygen atom, and is, for example, one of the following second compounds:
- the cyclic ether compound is selected from a C 4 to C 20 bridged cycloalkane having at least one oxygen atom, and is, for example, one of the following third types of compounds:
- the cyclic ether compound is selected from a C 4 to C 20 spirocycloalkane having at least one oxygen atom, and is, for example, one of the following fourth compounds:
- the carbon atom on the ring may be substituted by one or more R1 groups; the cycloalkane or cycloalkene is a bridged ring.
- the non-bridged ring carbon atom may be substituted by one or more R1 groups; when the cycloalkane or cycloalkene is a spiro ring, the ring carbon atom may be substituted with one or more R1 groups;
- the R1 group is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylthio ,heterocyclyl,heterocyclyloxy,heterocyclylthio,aryl,aryloxy,heteroaryl,heteroaryloxy,hydroxy,indolyl,nitro,carboxy,amino,ester,halogen , acyl group, aldehyde group.
- the cyclic ether compound containing an oxygen is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted oxetane, a substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuran, a substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyran;
- the number may be one or more; the substituent is the above R1 group.
- the cyclic ether compound containing one oxygen is selected from the group consisting of 3,3-dichloromethyloxetane, 2-chloromethyloxetane, and 2-chloromethylpropylene oxide. , 1,4-epoxycyclohexane, 1,3-epoxycyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 2-methyltetrahydropyran, oxygen Heterocycloheptane, oxacyclooctane, oxetan or oxetane.
- the cyclic ether compound containing two oxygens is selected from substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), substituted or unsubstituted 1,4-dioxane;
- DOL 1,3-dioxolane
- the number of the substituents may be one or more; the substituent is the above R1 group.
- the cyclic ether compound containing three oxygens is selected from substituted or unsubstituted paraformaldehyde; the number of the substituents may be one or more; and the substituent is the above R1 group. group.
- the oxygen-containing ether compound is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted 18-crown-6, substituted or unsubstituted 12-crown-4, substituted or unsubstituted 24-crown-8;
- the number of the substituents may be one or more; the substituent is the above R1 group.
- the electrolyte for a lithium air battery, a supercapacitor or a capacitor battery for an organic system or a solvent thereof includes an ether electrolyte and a solvent thereof, an ester electrolyte and a solvent thereof, an amide electrolyte, and The solvent, the nitrile electrolyte and the solvent thereof, and the sulfone electrolyte and the solvent thereof.
- the ester electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of esters containing a lithium salt, such as a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) containing 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), wherein The volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate (EC) to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was 1:1.
- a lithium salt such as a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) containing 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 )
- the solvent of the ester electrolyte solution is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ester cyclic nonaqueous organic solvent and an ester chain nonaqueous organic solvent.
- the ester cyclic nonaqueous organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), and sulfurous acid.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- sulfurous acid At least one of vinyl ester (ES), propylene sulfite (PS), and glycerin carbonate (GC).
- the chain non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), and dipropyl carbonate.
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- MPC methylpropyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- EPC ethyl propyl carbonate
- EA ethyl acetate
- PA propyl acetate
- EP ethyl propionate
- EB ethyl butyrate
- MB methyl butyrate
- DMS dimethyl sulfite
- DES diethyl sulfite
- EMS ethyl methyl sulfite
- the ether electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of ether mixtures containing lithium salts, for example, 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) containing 1 M lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI) and A mixed solution of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) in which the volume ratio of the 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) is 1:1.
- DOL 1,3-dioxolane
- LiTFSI lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide
- DME ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- the solvent of the ether electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxolane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- One or more of fluoroethylene carbonate, polyethylene glycol borate, 1,1', 2,2'-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrafluoropropene ether is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxolane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- fluoroethylene carbonate polyethylene glycol borate
- 1,1', 2,2'-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrafluoropropene ether 1,1', 2,2'-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2',3,3'-tetrafluor
- the amide-based electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of amides containing a lithium salt, for example, a solution of 1 M lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate in N,N-dimethylacetamide.
- the solvent of the amide-based electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of compounds containing an amide group; preferably, the solvent of the amide-based electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of C 1 - C 20 alkyl amides, C 1 - C 20 Alkylamonitrile, C 1 -C 20 alkynyl amide, C 1 -C 20 haloalkylamide, C 1 -C 20 haloalkenylamide, C 1 -C 20 haloalkynylamide, C 7 ⁇ C 20 aryl amide group, an epoxy group at least one C 1 ⁇ C 20 amide in.
- the solvent of the amide-based electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, benzamide, formamide, acetamide, succinimide, ortho Benzoimide, N-methyl-p-toluenesulfonamide, N-methylacetamide, 3-amino-6-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,2,2-trichloroacetamide, benzyl ester N- Ethyl p-toluenesulfonamide, 3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropanamide, erucamide, N-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide, 4-methoxybenzamide, 2,4-dihydroxybenzamide, N,N-diethyl-2-chloroacetamide, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, N-ethylacetamide, chloride B Am
- the nitrile electrolyte is selected from a nitrile mixture containing a lithium salt, for example, an acetonitrile solution containing 1 M lithium perchlorate.
- the solvent of the nitrile electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of a nitrile group-containing compound; preferably, the solvent of the nitrile electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of C 1 - C 20 alkyl nitriles, C 1 - C 20 alkenyl nitriles, C 1 to C 20 alkynyl nitriles, C 1 to C 20 haloalkyl nitriles, C 1 to C 20 haloalkenyl nitriles, C 1 to C 20 haloalkynyl nitriles, C 7 to C 20 aryl At least one of a nitrile and a C 1 -C 20 epoxy nitrile.
- the solvent of the nitrile electrolyt is selected from the
- the sulfone-based electrolyte is selected from a sulfone-based mixture containing a lithium salt, for example, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution containing 1 M lithium perchlorate.
- a lithium salt for example, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution containing 1 M lithium perchlorate.
- the solvent of the sulfone electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of a compound containing a sulfone group; preferably, the solvent of the nitrile electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of C 1 - C 20 alkyl sulfone, C 1 - C 20 alkenyl sulfone, C 1 - C 20 alkynyl sulfone, C haloalkyl sulfone of 1 ⁇ C 20, C haloalkenyl sulfone group of 1 ⁇ C 20, C haloalkynyl sulfone of 1 ⁇ C 20, C aryl sulfone group of 7 ⁇ C 20 And at least one of C 1 to C 20 epoxy sulfones.
- the solvent of the sulfone-based electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of sulfolane (SL) and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the additive is selected from one or more of a polyester or a blend thereof.
- the polyester is obtained by polycondensation of a polybasic acid or an acid anhydride with a polyol.
- the polybasic acid is selected from the group consisting of a dibasic acid, a tribasic acid or a polybasic acid
- the polyhydric alcohol is selected from the group consisting of a glycol, a triol or a polyhydric alcohol.
- the polybasic acid is selected from one or two or three or more of the following polybasic acids which are substituted or unsubstituted: oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, butylene Acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, triglyceride; the number of said substituents may be one or more; when the substituent is When plural, it may form a ring; the substituent is one or more of an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an ester group, a halogen, an acyl group, an aldehyde group, a decyl group, an alkoxy group or the like.
- oxalic acid malonic acid
- succinic acid butylene Acid
- glutaric acid adipic acid
- pimelic acid suberic acid
- the acid anhydride is selected from one or two or three or more than the following anhydrides which are substituted or unsubstituted: oxalic anhydride, malonic anhydride, succinic anhydride, butenedic anhydride, Glutaric anhydride, adipic anhydride, pimelic anhydride, suberic anhydride, sebacic anhydride, sebacic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride; the number of said substituents may be one or more; when said substitution When the base is plural, it may form a ring; the substituent is one of an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an ester group, a halogen, an acyl group, an aldehyde group, a decyl group, an alkoxy group or the like. Or a variety.
- the polyol is selected from one or more of the following substituted or unsubstituted polyols: propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentanediol, hexanediol, heptanediol, octanediol, hydrazine a diol, a decanediol, a polyethylene glycol, a glycerin; the number of the substituents may be one or more; when the substituent is plural, it may form a ring; the substituent is One or more of an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an ester group, a halogen, an acyl group, an aldehyde group, a decyl group, an alkoxy group and the like.
- the polyol is selected from polyethylene glycol, or a combination of polyethylene glycol and one or more of the following polyols: propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, glycol Glycol, octanediol, decanediol, decanediol.
- the polyethylene glycol has a degree of polymerization of from 100 to 1,000, preferably from 150 to 800, and more preferably from 200 to 600.
- the weight ratio of the polyethylene glycol to the other polyol is 1: (0 to 1), preferably 1: (0 to 0.9), and more preferably 1: (0 to 0.8).
- gel in the present invention has a meaning well known in the art, and the term “gelling” also has the meanings well known in the art.
- the gellable polymer and/or gellable prepolymer in the present invention means a polymer and/or a prepolymer which can form a gel or can be gelled under certain conditions.
- the gellable polymer and/or gellable prepolymer of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PS polystyrene
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PAN polyethyl acetate
- PVAC polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVS polydivinyl sulfide
- PTMC poly Sanya Methyl carbonate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PEGDM polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- PPO polyoxypropylene
- PDMSO polydimethylsiloxane
- alkyl group used alone or as a suffix or prefix in the present invention is intended to include a branch having from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (or a specific number if a specific number of carbon atoms is provided) Chain and linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups.
- C 1-6 alkyl means a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl.
- Haloalkyl or "alkyl halide”, as used alone or as a suffix or prefix, is intended to include having at least one halogen substituent and having from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (or if provided)
- the specific number of carbon atoms refers to the specific number of branched and linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups.
- C 1-10 haloalkyl means a haloalkyl group having 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 carbon atoms.
- alkynyl used alone or as a suffix or prefix in the present invention is intended to include inclusions having from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms (or the specific number if a particular number of carbon atoms is provided) Branched and linear aliphatic hydrocarbon groups of alkynyl or alkyne.
- ethynyl, propynyl eg, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl
- 3-butynyl pentynyl, hexynyl, and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl.
- aryl as used herein means an aromatic ring structure composed of 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
- an aromatic ring structure containing 5, 6, 7 and 8 carbon atoms may be a monocyclic aromatic group such as a phenyl group; a ring structure comprising 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 carbon atoms It may be polycyclic such as naphthyl.
- the aromatic ring may be substituted with one or more of the above substituents at one or more ring positions.
- heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, furyl, quinolyl, isoquinolinyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, fluorene , pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, 1,2,4 -thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, benzothienyl, fluorenyl, oxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, azabenzoxazolyl, imidazothiazolyl, benzo[1] 4] dioxolyl, benzo[1,3]dioxolyl and the
- a heteroaryl has from 3 to 40 carbon atoms and in other embodiments from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group contains 3 to 14, 4 to 14, 3 to 7, or 5 to 6 ring-forming atoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl has 1 to 4, 1 to 3 or 1 to 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl has 1 heteroatom.
- heterocyclyl refers to a saturated, unsaturated or partially saturated monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring containing from 3 to 20 atoms, wherein 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Ring atoms are selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, and unless otherwise indicated, may be attached by carbon or nitrogen, wherein the -CH 2 - group is optionally replaced by -C(O)-; and unless otherwise stated
- the ring nitrogen atom or the ring sulfur atom is optionally oxidized to form an N-oxide or S-oxide or a ring nitrogen atom, optionally quaternized; wherein -NH in the ring is optionally acetyl, formyl, A Substituted with a methanesulfonyl group; and the ring is optionally substituted with one or more halogens.
- the conductivity described in this example was obtained using an electrochemical workstation of the Model 1000 model from Gamry, Inc., and the test scanning frequency was from 1.0 Hz to 100 kHz.
- the test of the battery described in this embodiment is a blue battery pack.
- the test of the supercapacitor or capacitor battery of the organic system is in the blue electric tester.
- the ether compound is subjected to water removal treatment via molecular sieve before use.
- the electrolyte for the lithium air battery or its solvent is dried by water removal through a molecular sieve before use.
- the electrolyte of the supercapacitor or capacitor battery for an organic system or a solvent thereof is dried by a molecular sieve to remove water before use.
- the negative electrode was a lithium plate; the electrolytic solution: a gel electrolyte or a solid electrolyte prepared in each example; a separator: Whatman separator.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 12% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 58% by weight; and the mass percentage of the electrolytic solution for the lithium air battery or the solvent thereof is 30% by weight.
- the performance parameters of the gel were tested in Table 1.
- the gel When the prepared gel is heated above the transition temperature of the gel, the gel begins to become sticky. When the reagent bottle is inverted, the gel is observed to flow downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the gel transition temperature, and when the temperature is reached. Upon falling below the transition temperature of the gel, the gel reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel has good reversibility.
- the gel prepared above was applied as a gel electrolyte to a lithium air battery, and the electrochemical performance of the button battery was tested using a blue battery (test results are shown in Table 1).
- the assembly process of the lithium air battery is carried out in the glove box.
- the Swagelok removable and washable battery mold is used.
- the mold, diaphragm, air electrode and other tools need to be vacuum dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C for 24 hours before use.
- the gloss is first assembled when the battery is assembled. A good lithium sheet is placed in the center of the mold base, and then an appropriate amount of electrolyte, separator, and graphene air electrode are sequentially added to assemble a lithium air battery, and the gelled system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 15% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 68% by weight; and the mass percentage of the electrolyte for the lithium air battery or the solvent thereof is 17% by weight.
- the performance parameters of the solid electrolyte were tested in Table 1.
- the solid electrolyte prepared above was applied to a lithium air battery, and the electrochemical performance of the button battery was tested using a blue battery (test results are shown in Table 1).
- the assembly process of the lithium air battery is carried out in the glove box.
- the Swagelok removable and washable battery mold is used.
- the mold, diaphragm, air electrode and other tools need to be vacuum dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C for 24 hours before use.
- the gloss is first assembled when the battery is assembled. A good lithium sheet is placed in the center of the mold base, and then an appropriate amount of electrolyte, separator, and graphene air electrode are sequentially added to assemble a lithium air battery, and the gelatinizable system is allowed to stand into a solid electrolyte.
- alumina 0.1 g was weighed into a reagent bottle, and 4.5 mL of 1,3-dioxolane was added thereto, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed under magnetic stirring to obtain a mixed solution A. Further, 0.4 g of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.6 g of lithium perchlorate were placed in a reagent bottle, 1.2 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred until the lithium salt was completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution B. The A and B solutions obtained above were thoroughly mixed, and the resulting mixture was obtained to obtain a gellable system; it was allowed to stand for a while to form a solid electrolyte.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the solid electrolyte When the prepared solid electrolyte is heated above the gel transition temperature of the solid electrolyte gel, the solid electrolyte begins to become sticky, and when the reagent bottle is inverted, the solid electrolyte flows downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte. When the temperature drops below the gel transition temperature, the solid electrolyte is reformed again, indicating that the prepared solid electrolyte has good reversibility.
- the solid electrolyte prepared above was applied to a lithium air battery, and the electrochemical performance of the button battery was tested using a blue battery (test results are shown in Table 1).
- the assembly process of the lithium air battery is carried out in the glove box.
- the Swagelok removable and washable battery mold is used.
- the mold, diaphragm, air electrode and other tools need to be vacuum dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C for 24 hours before use.
- the gloss is first assembled when the battery is assembled. A good lithium sheet is placed in the center of the mold base, and then an appropriate amount of electrolyte, separator, and graphene air electrode are sequentially added to assemble a lithium air battery, and the gelatinizable system is allowed to stand into a solid electrolyte.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 22% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 45 wt%; the mass percentage of the polyester additive is 21 wt%; the solvent and/or electrolysis of the lithium air battery
- the mass percentage of the liquid was 11% by weight; the mass percentage of silica was 1% by weight.
- the performance parameters of the gel electrolyte were tested in Table 1.
- the gel When the prepared gel is heated above 60 ° C, the gel becomes able to flow. When the reagent bottle is inverted, the gel is found to flow downward, indicating that the gel transition temperature has been reached, and when the temperature drops to 60 ° C. In the following, the gel was reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel has good reversibility.
- the gel prepared above was applied as a gel electrolyte to a lithium air battery, and the electrochemical performance of the button battery was tested using a blue battery (test results are shown in Table 1).
- the assembly process of the lithium air battery is carried out in the glove box.
- the Swagelok removable and washable battery mold is used.
- the mold, diaphragm, air electrode and other tools need to be vacuum dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C for 24 hours before use.
- the gloss is first assembled when the battery is assembled. A good lithium sheet is placed in the center of the mold base, and then an appropriate amount of electrolyte, separator, and graphene air electrode are sequentially added to assemble a lithium air battery, and the gelled system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- trioxane 0.8 g of lithium chloride and 0.8 g of lithium perchlorate were weighed into a reagent bottle, 1.1 mL of acetonitrile was added thereto, and the lithium salt and the paraformaldehyde were completely dissolved under magnetic stirring, and added thereto.
- 3.5 mL of 1,4-dioxane was stirred for thorough mixing to give a gellable system; for a period of time, a solid electrolyte was formed.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 23% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 61% by weight; and the mass percentage of the electrolyte for the lithium air battery or the solvent thereof is 16wt %.
- the performance parameters of the solid electrolyte were tested in Table 1.
- the solid electrolyte prepared above was applied to a lithium air battery, and the electrochemical performance of the button battery was tested using a blue battery (test results are shown in Table 1).
- the assembly process of the lithium air battery is carried out in the glove box.
- the Swagelok removable and washable battery mold is used.
- the mold, diaphragm, air electrode and other tools need to be vacuum dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C for 24 hours before use.
- the gloss is first assembled when the battery is assembled. A good lithium sheet is placed in the center of the mold base, and then an appropriate amount of electrolyte, separator, and graphene air electrode are sequentially added to assemble a lithium air battery, and the gelatinizable system is allowed to stand into a solid electrolyte.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 17% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 50% by weight; and the mass percentage of the electrolytic solution for the lithium air battery or the solvent thereof is 33% by weight.
- the performance parameters of the gel electrolyte were tested in Table 1.
- the gel When the prepared gel is heated above the transition temperature of the gel, the gel begins to become sticky. When the reagent bottle is inverted, the gel is observed to flow downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the gel transition temperature, and when the temperature is reached. Upon lowering below the transition temperature of the gel, the gel reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel has good reversibility.
- 0.05 g of silica was weighed into a reagent bottle, 3.0 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed under magnetic stirring to obtain a mixed solution A. Further, 1.0 g of lithium tetrafluoroborate was placed in a reagent bottle, 3.0 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred until the lithium salt was completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution B. The A and B solutions obtained above were thoroughly mixed, and the resulting mixture was obtained to obtain a gellable system; it was allowed to stand for a while to form a gel.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 14 wt%; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 42.6 wt%; the mass percentage of the inorganic nanoparticles is 0.8 wt%; the lithium air battery solvent and / Or the mass percentage of the electrolyte is 42.6 wt%.
- the performance parameters of the gel electrolyte were tested in Table 1.
- the gel When the prepared gel is heated above the transition temperature of the gel, the gel begins to become sticky, and when the reagent bottle is inverted, the gel is observed to flow downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition temperature of the gel, and When the temperature drops below the transition temperature of the gel, the gel re-forms, indicating that the prepared gel has good reversibility.
- the gel prepared above was applied as a gel electrolyte to a lithium air battery, and the electrochemical performance of the button battery was tested using a blue battery (test results are shown in Table 1).
- the assembly process of the lithium air battery is carried out in the glove box.
- the Swagelok removable and washable battery mold is used.
- the mold, diaphragm, air electrode and other tools need to be vacuum dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C for 24 hours before use.
- the gloss is first assembled when the battery is assembled. A good lithium sheet is placed in the center of the mold base, and then an appropriate amount of electrolyte, separator, and graphene air electrode are sequentially added to assemble a lithium air battery, and the gelled system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- trioxane 0.5 g of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and 1.0 g of lithium bis(oxalate)borate in a reagent bottle, and add 1.0 mL of dimethyl carbonate thereto to make lithium salt and trioxane under magnetic stirring.
- solution A 0.1 g of carbon nitride was weighed, and 3.8 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, and stirred to sufficiently mix to obtain a solution B.
- the solution A and the solution B were uniformly mixed to obtain a gellable system; for a while, a solid electrolyte was formed.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 20.5 wt%; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 64.3 wt%; the mass percentage of the inorganic nanoparticles is 1.4 wt%; The mass percentage of the electrolyte of the air battery or its solvent was 13.8% by weight.
- the performance parameters of the solid electrolyte were tested in Table 1.
- the solid electrolyte prepared above was applied to a lithium air battery, and the electrochemical performance of the button battery was tested using a blue battery (test results are shown in Table 1).
- the assembly process of the lithium air battery is carried out in the glove box.
- the Swagelok removable and washable battery mold is used.
- the mold, diaphragm, air electrode and other tools need to be vacuum dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ° C for 24 hours before use.
- the gloss is first assembled when the battery is assembled. A good lithium sheet is placed in the center of the mold base, and then an appropriate amount of electrolyte, separator, and graphene air electrode are sequentially added to assemble a lithium air battery, and the gelatinizable system is allowed to stand into a solid electrolyte.
- Fig. 1 is a graph showing the cycle performance of a gel electrolyte obtained in Example 1-1 as a lithium air battery electrolyte assembled into a battery. As can be seen from the figure, the gel electrolyte exhibits excellent cycle performance in a lithium air battery, and the discharge specific capacity decays very slowly, and remains substantially unchanged in the latter stage, exhibiting stable cycle performance.
- the gel When the prepared gel is heated above the transition temperature of the gel, the gel begins to become sticky. When the reagent bottle is inverted, the gel is observed to flow downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the gel transition temperature, and when the temperature is reached. Upon falling below the transition temperature of the gel, the gel reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel has good reversibility.
- the method for preparing the supercapacitor comprises: placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, filling the gelatinizable system prepared in the step (1) between the three, packing and compacting, and assembling into a CR2032 button type super capacitor. The gellable system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- the gel When the prepared gel is heated above the transition temperature of the gel, the gel begins to become sticky. When the reagent bottle is inverted, the gel is observed to flow downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the gel transition temperature, and when the temperature is reached. Upon falling below the transition temperature of the gel, the gel reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel has good reversibility.
- Capacitor battery positive electrode The lithium manganate electrode material is uniformly mixed with conductive graphite, conductive agent Ketjen black, and binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to a mass ratio of 85:5:5:5, using N-methyl- Pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a mixture into a slurry, uniformly coated on an aluminum foil, and dried in a vacuum oven at 120 ° C for 24 hours, ready for use;
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Capacitor battery anode The lithium titanate electrode material and the conductive agent Ketchen Black, the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 85:8:7, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) will be used. The mixture was prepared into a slurry, uniformly coated on an aluminum foil, and dried in a vacuum oven at 120 ° C for 24 hours, and used;
- the capacitor battery is prepared by placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and filling the gelatinizable system prepared in the step (1) between the three, packing and compacting, and assembling into a CR2032 type button capacitor battery. The gellable system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte When the prepared solid electrolyte is heated above the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte begins to become sticky, and when the reagent bottle is inverted, the solid electrolyte flows downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, and when the temperature When the temperature drops below the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte is reformed again, indicating that the prepared solid electrolyte has good reversibility.
- Supercapacitor anode The iron-cobalt-nickel composite supercapacitor material, the conductive agent Ketchen black, and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) is used. The mixture is prepared into a slurry, uniformly coated on an aluminum foil, and dried in a vacuum oven at 60 ° C for 24 hours, and used;
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methyl-pyrrolidone
- the solid electrolyte When the prepared solid electrolyte is heated above the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte begins to become sticky, and when the reagent bottle is inverted, the solid electrolyte flows downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, and when the temperature When the temperature drops below the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte is reformed again, indicating that the prepared solid electrolyte has good reversibility.
- Capacitor battery anode The preparation process is the same as the preparation process of the negative electrode of the capacitor of Example 2-2.
- the solid electrolyte prepared above was applied to a capacitor battery, and assembled into a capacitor battery with the above-mentioned capacitor battery positive electrode and capacitor battery negative electrode, and the electrochemical performance of the capacitor battery was tested using a blue electric tester (test results are shown in Table 2).
- the capacitor battery is prepared by placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and filling the gelatinizable system prepared in the step (1) between the three, packing and compacting, and assembling into a CR2032 type button capacitor battery.
- the gellable system is allowed to stand to become a solid electrolyte.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 15% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 40% by weight; and the mass percentage of the electrolyte for the lithium ion battery or the solvent thereof is 45 wt% .
- the performance parameters of the gel electrolyte were tested in Table 2.
- the gel electrolyte When the prepared gel electrolyte is heated above the transition temperature of the gel electrolyte, the gel electrolyte begins to become sticky, and the gel electrolyte is observed to flow downward when the reagent bottle is inverted, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition of the gel electrolyte. The temperature, and when the temperature drops below the transition temperature of the gel electrolyte, the gel electrolyte is reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel electrolyte has good reversibility.
- Capacitor battery positive electrode The preparation process is the same as that in Example 2-2.
- Capacitor battery anode The preparation process is the same as the preparation process of the negative electrode of the capacitor of Example 2-2.
- the capacitor battery is prepared by placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and filling the gelatinizable system prepared in the step (1) between the three, packing and compacting, and assembling into a CR2032 type button capacitor battery. The gellable system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte When the prepared solid electrolyte is heated above the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte begins to become sticky, and when the reagent bottle is inverted, the solid electrolyte flows downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, and when the temperature When the temperature drops below the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte is reformed again, indicating that the prepared solid electrolyte has good reversibility.
- Capacitor battery positive electrode The preparation process is the same as that in Example 2-2.
- Capacitor battery anode The preparation process is the same as the preparation process of the negative electrode of the capacitor of Example 2-2.
- lithium perfluorobutanesulfonate 1.2 g was weighed into a reagent bottle, 4 mL of 1,4-epoxycyclohexane and 4 mL of 2-chloromethyloxetane were added thereto, and 0.8 g of an additive was added thereto, followed by stirring to sufficiently mix.
- Gelatinizable system static for a period of time to form a gel electrolyte.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 12% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 80% by weight; and the mass percentage of the additive is 8% by weight.
- the performance parameters of the gel electrolyte were tested in Table 2.
- the gel electrolyte When the prepared gel electrolyte is heated above the transition temperature of the gel electrolyte, the gel electrolyte begins to become sticky, and the gel electrolyte is observed to flow downward when the reagent bottle is inverted, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition of the gel electrolyte. The temperature, and when the temperature drops below the transition temperature of the gel electrolyte, the gel electrolyte is reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel electrolyte has good reversibility.
- Supercapacitor positive electrode The preparation process was the same as that of Example 2-1 supercapacitor positive electrode preparation process.
- Supercapacitor negative electrode the preparation process is the same as that of the embodiment 2-1 supercapacitor negative electrode preparation process;
- the method for preparing the supercapacitor comprises: placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, filling the gelatinizable system prepared in the step (1) between the three, packing and compacting, and assembling into a CR2032 button type super capacitor. The gellable system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- the gel When the prepared gel is heated above the transition temperature of the gel, the gel begins to become sticky. When the reagent bottle is inverted, the gel is observed to flow downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the gel transition temperature, and when the temperature is reached. Upon falling below the transition temperature of the gel, the gel reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel has good reversibility.
- Supercapacitor positive electrode The preparation process was the same as that of Example 2-1 supercapacitor positive electrode preparation process.
- the method for preparing the supercapacitor comprises: placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, filling the gelatinizable system prepared in the step (1) between the three, packing and compacting, and assembling into a CR2032 button type super capacitor. The gellable system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 21% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 74% by weight; the mass percentage of the electrolyte for the supercapacitor or the solvent thereof is 3% by weight, the additive The mass percentage is 2% by weight.
- the performance parameters of the solid electrolyte were tested in Table 2.
- the solid electrolyte When the prepared solid electrolyte is heated above the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte begins to become sticky, and when the reagent bottle is inverted, the solid electrolyte flows downward, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, and when the temperature When the temperature drops below the transition temperature of the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte is reformed again, indicating that the prepared solid electrolyte has good reversibility.
- Supercapacitor positive electrode The preparation process was the same as that of the example 2-1 supercapacitor positive electrode preparation process, and the obtained pole piece was immersed in the precursor solution of the above solid electrolyte.
- Supercapacitor Negative The preparation process was the same as in Example 2-2. The supercapacitor negative electrode preparation process was performed, and the obtained pole piece was immersed in the precursor solution of the above solid electrolyte.
- the above solid electrolyte precursor was blade coated on a glass plate, and after it was cured, it was gently peeled off with a blade to obtain a solid electrolyte film.
- the solid electrolyte membrane prepared above was placed between the above-mentioned supercapacitor positive electrode and the supercapacitor negative electrode, assembled into a supercapacitor, and the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor was tested using a blue electric tester (test results are shown in Table 2).
- the method for preparing the supercapacitor comprises: placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, filling the gelatinizable system prepared in the step (1) between the three, packing and compacting, and assembling into a CR2032 button type super capacitor. The gellable system is allowed to stand to become a solid electrolyte.
- 1.5 mL of the above polyester was weighed, 1.5 mL of dimethyl carbonate, 1.5 mL of propylene carbonate and 3.5 mL of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane were added, and the mixture was uniformly stirred under magnetic stirring to obtain a clear solution, and weighed.
- 1.8 g of lithium tetrafluoroborate solid was added to the above mixture, and after sufficiently dissolved, a gellable system was obtained; and the gel electrolyte was formed at rest for a while.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 18 wt%; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 35.7 wt%; the mass percentage of the polyester additive is 15.3%; for the lithium ion battery
- the mass percentage of the electrolyte or its solvent was 31% by weight.
- the performance parameters of the gel electrolyte were tested in Table 2.
- Table 2 The performance parameters of the gel electrolyte were tested in Table 2.
- the gel electrolyte When the prepared gel electrolyte is heated above the transition temperature of the gel electrolyte, the gel electrolyte begins to become sticky, and the gel electrolyte is observed to flow downward when the reagent bottle is inverted, indicating that the temperature has reached the transition of the gel electrolyte. The temperature, and when the temperature drops below the transition temperature of the gel electrolyte, the gel electrolyte is reformed again, indicating that the prepared gel electrolyte has good reversibility.
- Capacitor battery positive electrode the lithium manganate electrode material and conductive graphite, conductive agent Ketchen black, the above gelatinizable system is uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 85:5:5:5, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) will be used.
- the mixture is prepared into a slurry, uniformly coated on an aluminum foil, and dried in a vacuum oven at 120 ° C for 24 hours, and used; the negative electrode of the capacitor battery: the lithium titanate electrode material and the conductive agent Ketchen Black, the gelatinizable system described above
- the mass ratio was uniformly mixed at 85:8:7, and the mixture was prepared into a slurry by N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), uniformly coated on an aluminum foil, and dried in a vacuum oven at 120 ° C for 24 hours, and was used.
- NMP N-methyl-pyrrolidone
- the capacitor battery is prepared by placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and filling the gelatinizable system prepared in the step (1) between the three, packing and compacting, and assembling into a CR2032 type button capacitor battery. The gellable system is allowed to stand to become a gel electrolyte.
- the mass percentage of the lithium salt is 33% by weight; the mass percentage of the ether compound is 0% by weight; and the mass percentage of the electrolytic solution of the supercapacitor for the organic system or the solvent thereof is 67% by weight.
- Fig. 3 is a view showing the first three charge and discharge diagrams of the gel electrolyte obtained in Example 2-1 as a supercapacitor electrolyte of an organic system assembled into a supercapacitor.
- the gel electrolyte as an organic system supercapacitor electrolyte can make the supercapacitor charge and discharge normally, and the active material in the electrolyte can fully function, and the supercapacitor has a high specific capacity.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种用于锂空气电池的可凝胶化体系,该体系中包括以下组分:(a)锂盐,(b)醚类化合物和(c)用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂;所述醚类化合物选自环状醚类化合物或直链醚类化合物中的至少一种;所述用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂选自酯类电解液及其溶剂、醚类电解液及其溶剂、酰胺类电解液及其溶剂、腈类电解液及其溶剂、砜类电解液及其溶剂;体系中可凝胶化的聚合物和/或可凝胶化的预聚物的质量百分含量小于等于1wt%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的可凝胶化体系,其特征在于,所述用于锂空气电池的可凝胶化体系中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%且小于等于60wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于90wt%;所述用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%小于等于75wt%。优选地,所述用于锂空气电池的可凝胶化体系中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于10wt%且小于等于40wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于60wt%;所述用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于60wt%。优选地,所述用于锂空气电池的可凝胶化体系中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于10wt%且小于等于40wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于60wt%且小于等于85wt%;所述用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%且小于等于30wt%。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的可凝胶化体系,其特征在于,所述可凝胶化体系中还包括(d)无机纳米颗粒。优选地,所述可凝胶化体系中,所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%,例如大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%。优选地,所述可凝胶化体系中进一步包括(e)添加剂,所述添加剂选自聚酯或其共混物中的一种或几种;其中,所述聚酯由多元酸或酸酐与多元醇缩聚而得;所述多元酸选自二元酸、三元酸或更多元酸,所述多元醇选自二元醇、三元醇或更多元醇。优选地,所述可凝胶化体系中,所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%,例如大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%。
- 一种凝胶,其特征在于,所述凝胶由权利要求1-3任一项所述的用于锂离子电池的可凝胶化体系经凝胶化得到;其中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%且小于等于60wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于60wt%;所述用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%小于等于75wt%,所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%,所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%。优选地,所述用于锂空气电池的可凝胶化体系中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于10wt%且小于等于40wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于60wt%;所述用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于60wt%,所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%,所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%。
- 一种固态电解质,其特征在于,所述固态电解质由权利要求1-3任一项所述的用于锂离子电池的可凝胶化体系经凝胶化得到;其中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%且小于等于60wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于60wt%且小于等于90wt%;所述用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%小于等于30wt%,所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%,所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%。优选地,所述用于锂空气电池的可凝胶化体系中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于10wt%且小于等于40wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于60wt%且小于等于85wt%;所述用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%且小于等于30wt%,所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于 等于20wt%,所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%。
- 一种凝胶电解质,其特征在于,所述凝胶电解质包括权利要求4所述的凝胶。
- 一种锂空气电池,其特征在于,所述锂空气电池包括凝胶电解质和/或固态电解质,所述凝胶电解质和/或固态电解质由可凝胶化体系制备得到的;所述可凝胶化体系包括如下组分:(a)锂盐,(b)醚类化合物和(c)用于锂空气电池的电解液或其溶剂;所述醚类化合物选自环状醚类化合物和直链醚类化合物中的至少一种;体系中可凝胶化的聚合物和/或可凝胶化的预聚物的质量百分含量小于等于1wt%。
- 一种有机体系的超级电容器或有机体系的电容电池,其特征在于,所述有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池包括凝胶电解质和/或固态电解质,所述凝胶电解质和/或固态电解质由可凝胶化体系制备得到的;所述可凝胶化体系包括如下组分:(a)锂盐和(b)醚类化合物,所述醚类化合物选自环状醚类化合物和直链醚类化合物中的至少一种;体系中可凝胶化的聚合物和/或可凝胶化的预聚物的质量百分含量小于等于1wt%。
- 根据权利要求8所述的有机体系的超级电容器或有机体系的电容电池,其特征在于,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于2wt%且小于等于50wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于等于50wt%且小于等于98wt%。优选地,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%且小于20wt%;或者,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于30wt%。优选地,所述可凝胶体系中还包括(c)用于有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池的电解液或其溶剂;所述用于有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于48wt%,例如大于0wt%且小于等于40wt%。优选地,所述可凝胶化体系中进一步包括(d)无机纳米颗粒;所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%,例如大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%。优选地,所述可凝胶化体系中还进一步包括(e)添加剂,所述添加剂选自聚酯或其共混物中的一种或几种;其中,所述聚酯由多元酸或酸酐与多元醇缩聚而得;所述多元酸选自二元酸、三元酸或更多元酸,所述多元醇选自二元醇、三元醇或更多元醇;所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%,例如大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%。优选地,所述凝胶电解质由可凝胶化体系制备得到的,所述可凝胶化体系中,所述凝胶电解质由可凝胶化体系制备得到的,所述可凝胶化体系中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于2wt%且小于20wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于50wt%且小于等于98wt%;所述用于有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于48wt%;所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%;所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%。优选地,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于5wt%且小于20wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于55wt%且小于等于95wt%;所述用于有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于等于40wt%;所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%;所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%。优选地,所述固态电解质由可凝胶化体系制备得到的,所述可凝胶化体系中,所述固态电解质由可凝胶化体系制备得到的,所述可凝胶化体系中,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于50wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于等于50wt%且小于等于80wt%;所述用于有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%;所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%;所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于等于0wt%且小于等于30wt%。优选地,所述锂盐的质量百分含量大于等于20wt%且小于等于30wt%;所述醚类化合物的质量百分含量大于等于55wt%且小于等于80wt%;所述用于有机体系的超级电容器或电容电池的电解液或其溶剂的质量百 分含量大于0wt%且小于等于25wt%;所述无机纳米颗粒的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%;所述添加剂的质量百分含量大于0wt%且小于等于20wt%。
- 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的可凝胶化体系、权利要求4所述的凝胶、权利要求5所述的固态电解质、权利要求6所述的凝胶电解质、权利要求8所述的有机体系的超级电容器或有机体系的电容电池,其特征在于,所述酰胺类电解液选自含有锂盐的酰胺类混合液,例如:含1M三氟甲基磺酸锂的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液。优选地,所述酰胺类电解液的溶剂选自含有酰胺基团的化合物,例如选自C 1~C 20的烷基酰胺、C 1~C 20的烯酰胺腈、C 1~C 20的炔基酰胺、C 1~C 20的卤代烷基酰胺、C 1~C 20的卤代烯基酰胺、C 1~C 20的卤代炔基酰胺、C 7~C 20的芳基酰胺、C 1~C 20的环氧基酰胺中的至少一种。优选地,所述酰胺类电解液的溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、苯甲酰胺、甲酰胺、乙酰胺、丁二酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酰亚胺、N-甲基对甲苯磺酰胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、3-氨基-6-甲基苯磺酰胺、2,2,2-三氯乙酰胺、苄酯N-乙基对甲苯磺酰胺、3-氨基-2,2-二甲基丙酰胺、芥酸酰胺、N-乙基-5-甲基-2-(1-甲基乙基)环己甲酰胺、4-甲氧基苯甲酰胺、2,4-二羟基苯甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基-2-氯乙酰胺、N-丁基苯磺酰胺、N-乙基乙酰胺、氯乙酰胺、盐酸盐N-(2-氯苯基)乙酰胺、N,N'-乙撑双硬脂酰胺、戊酰胺、2-羟基异丁酰胺、乙氧酰胺、苯甲酯肉桂酰胺、L-(+)-樟脑内磺酰胺、丙二酰胺、磺酰胺、环丙磺酰胺、2-乙磺酰基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-磺酰胺、N,N-二乙基乙酰胺、4-氯硫代苯甲酰胺、N,N’-二甲基草酰胺、N-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、苯甲酰胺、N-甲基己内酰胺、(S)-(-)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺、3-氨基-N-甲基苯甲酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、2,2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺、N,N-二乙基十二酰胺、肼甲酰亚胺酰胺、一氯化氢硫代乙酰胺、氰乙酰胺、丙酰胺、苯甲酰胺、2-硝基苯磺酰胺、对氨基苯甲酰胺、异丁酰胺、己内酰胺、邻甲酸甲酯苯磺酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺、6-甲基烟酰胺、N,N-二甲基磺酰胺、2,3-二溴丙酰胺、2-氨基-5-甲基苯甲酰胺、左旋樟脑磺内酰胺、DL-氨基己内酰胺硬脂酰胺、1,1-环己基二乙酸单酰胺、环丙酰胺、对硝基苯甲酰胺、4-(2-氨乙基)苯磺酰胺、2-甲基-5-硝基苯磺酰胺、3,5-二羟基苯甲酰胺、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸-N-甲基丁二酰胺、N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙酰胺、N-乙烯基己内酰胺、2-碘乙酰胺、邻氨基苯磺酰胺、2,4-二氯-5-磺酰胺基苯甲酸-N-苯基马来酰亚胺、N-乙基马来酰亚胺、5-氯-2,4-二磺酰胺基苯胺邻氯苯磺酰胺、N,N-二甲基甘氨酰胺、2-氨基苯酚-5-(N,N-二甲基)磺酰胺、4-氨基-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰胺、4-氨基-N-甲基苯甲酰胺、2-苯乙酰胺、N-(叔丁氧羰基)对甲苯磺酰胺、4-氟苯甲酰胺、肟2-氨基丙二酰胺、双(四亚甲基)氟代甲酰胺、N-羟基-异丁酰胺、硫代丙酰胺、乙酯1-((氰基-1-甲基乙基)偶氮)甲酰胺、肉桂酰胺、4-氨基苯基-N-甲基甲烷磺酰胺、4-溴-3-氟苯磺酰胺、2,6-二氟苯磺酰胺、2-溴苯磺酰胺、4-氟苯磺酰胺、4-三氟甲氧基苯磺酰胺、4-氯苯磺酰胺、2,5-二氟苯磺酰胺、三氟甲磺酰胺、N-[双(甲硫基)亚甲基]对甲苯磺酰胺、4-氯-3-硝基-5-磺酰胺基苯甲酸、N-甲基二乙酰胺N-苯亚甲基苯磺酰胺、2-甲氧基-5-磺酰胺、3,5-二氯苯磺酰胺、2-氟苯磺酰胺、4-溴-2-氯苯磺胺、5-氯-2-氟苯磺酰、胺对甲氧基苯磺酰胺、4-氯水杨酸-5-磺酰胺、2-氨基-N-乙基-N-苯基苯磺酰胺、2-溴-4-氟苯磺酰胺、4-氟-2-甲基苯磺酰胺、2-氰基苯磺酰胺、4-[2-(5-氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酰氨基)乙基]苯磺酰胺、3,4-二氟苯磺酰胺、DL-氨基己内酰胺、2,4,6-三氯苯磺酰胺、环丙烷磺酰胺、4-溴-3-(三氟甲基)苯磺胺、N-(4-氨基丁基)-乙酰胺神经酰胺、N-[(1R)-2-(3-氨基磺酰基-4-甲氧基)-1-甲基]乙酰胺、N-苄基-N-亚硝基-对甲苯磺酰胺、N-(2-氨基乙基)-4-甲基苯磺酰胺、(1R)-10-樟脑磺酰胺、4-氨基-6-(三氟甲基)苯-1,3-二磺酰胺、2-溴-4-(三氟甲基)苯磺酰胺、3-氟-4-甲基甲苯磺酰胺、2-溴-5-(三氟甲基)苯磺酰胺、萘-2-磺酰胺、(1S)-10-樟脑磺酰胺、(S)-(+)-对甲基苯亚磺酰胺、(1R)-反-N,N′-1,2-环己二基双(1,1,1-三氟甲磺酰胺)、N-(2-氟苯基)甲磺酰胺、(S)-N-(-)-对甲苯基亚磺酰基色胺、N-乙酰氧基-N-乙酰基-4-氯苯磺酰胺、2-(三甲基硅基)乙磺酰胺、N-(4-氨基苯)-磺酰胺-4-甲基苯(R)-(-)-4-甲基苯亚磺酰胺、N-乙基对甲苯磺酰胺、(R,R)-(+)-N,N′-双(A-甲基苄基)磺酰胺、(S)-(-)-N-[1-(羟甲基)-2-苯基乙基]-4-甲基苯磺酰胺、环丙酰胺、2-氯-4-氟-5-氨磺酰基苯甲酸N-亚苄基-P,P-二苯基次膦酸酰胺、N-(4-氯 苯亚甲基)-4-甲苯磺酰胺中至少一种。优选地,所述腈类电解液选自含有锂盐的腈类混合液,例如:含1M双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂的乙腈溶液。优选地,所述腈类电解液的溶剂选自含有腈基的化合物,例如选自C 1~C 20的烷基腈、C 1~C 20的烯基腈、C 1~C 20的炔基腈、C 1~C 20的卤代烷基腈、C 1~C 20的卤代烯基腈、C 1~C 20的卤代炔基腈、C 7~C 20的芳基腈、C 1~C 20的环氧基腈中的至少一种。优选地,所述腈类电解液的溶剂选自乙腈、丁腈。优选地,砜类电解液选自含有锂盐的砜类混合液,例如:含1M高氯酸锂的二甲亚砜(DMSO)溶液。优选地,砜类电解液的溶剂选自含有砜基的化合物,例如选自C 1~C 20的烷基砜、C 1~C 20的烯基砜、C 1~C 20的炔基砜、C 1~C 20的卤代烷基砜、C 1~C 20的卤代烯基砜、C 1~C 20的卤代炔基砜、C 7~C 20的芳基砜、C 1~C 20的环氧基砜中的至少一种。优选地,所述砜类电解液的溶剂选自环丁砜(SL)、二甲亚砜。优选地,所述酯类电解液选自含有锂盐的酯类混合液,例如含1M六氟磷酸锂(LiPF 6)的碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的混合液,其中,所述碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的体积比为1:1。优选地,所述酯类电解液的溶剂选自酯类环状非水有机溶剂和酯类链状非水有机溶剂中的至少一种。优选地,所述酯类环状非水有机溶剂选自碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)、氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)、γ-丁内酯(GBL)、亚硫酸乙烯酯(ES)、亚硫酸丙烯酯(PS)、碳酸甘油酯(GC)中的至少一种。优选地,所述链状非水有机溶剂选自碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、碳酸甲丙酯(MPC)、碳酸二丙酯(DPC)、碳酸乙丙酯(EPC)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、乙酸丙酯(PA)、丙酸乙酯(EP)、丁酸乙酯(EB)、丁酸甲酯(MB)、亚硫酸二甲酯(DMS)、亚硫酸二乙酯(DES)、亚硫酸甲乙酯(EMS)中的至少一种。优选地,所述醚类电解液选自含有锂盐的醚类混合液,例如:含有1M双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)的1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)和乙二醇二甲醚(DME)的混合液,其中,所述1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)和乙二醇二甲醚(DME)的体积比为1:1。优选地,所述醚类电解液的溶剂选自1,3-二氧戊环、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇硼酸酯、1,1’,2,2’-四氟乙基-2,2’,3,3’-四氟丙烯醚中的一种或多种。优选地,所述锂盐可选自六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、六氟砷酸锂、高氯酸锂、三氟甲基磺酸锂、全氟丁基磺酸锂、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂、铝酸锂、氯铝酸锂、氟代磺酰亚胺锂、氯化锂和碘化锂中的一种或多种;优选地,所述锂盐选自六氟磷酸锂、高氯酸锂等中的一种或两种。优选地,所述环状醚类化合物选自含有一个氧、两个氧、三个氧或更多氧的环状醚类化合物。优选地,所述环状醚类化合物可以是单环、稠合环(如双环)、螺环或桥环。优选地,所述环状醚类化合物选自至少含有1个氧原子的C 2~C 20环烷烃,即环状结构中的碳原子数为2-20个;或至少含有1个氧原子的C 3~C 20环烯烃,即环状结构中的碳原子数为3-20个,其中至少含有一个碳碳双键。优选地,所述环烷烃或环烯烃为单环、稠合环(如双环)、螺环或桥环;当所述环烷烃或环烯烃为螺环或桥环且含有两个以上氧原子时,氧原子可以在一个环上,也可以在多个环上。优选地,所述环状醚类化合物选自至少含有1个氧原子的C 2~C 20的单环烷烃,优选选自至少含有1个氧原子的C 3~C 20的单环烷烃,例如为下述第一类化合物中的一种:优选地,所述环状醚类化合物选自至少含有1个氧原子的C 4~C 20的稠合环烷烃,例如为下述第二类化合物中的一种:优选地,所述环状醚类化合物选自至少含有1个氧原子的C 4~C 20的桥环烷烃,例如为下述第三类化合物中的一种:优选地,所述环状醚类化合物选自至少含有1个氧原子的C 4~C 20的螺环烷烃,例如为下述第四类化合物中的一种:优选地,上述四类化合物中的环结构上的C-C键至少有一个被C=C替代且为稳定存在的化合物,则为上述的至少含有1个氧原子的C 3~C 20环烯烃,为本发明优选的环状醚类化合物的一种。优选地,所述环烷烃或环烯烃为单环或稠合环时,其所述环上的碳原子上可以被1个或多个R1基团取代;所述环烷烃或环烯烃为桥环时,其非桥连环碳原子可以被1个或多个R1基团取代;所述环烷烃或环烯烃为螺环时,其环上碳原子上可以被1个或多个R1基团取代;所述R1基团选自下述基团的一种:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、卤代烷基、环烷基、环烷基氧基、环烷基硫基、杂环基、杂环基氧基、杂环基硫基、芳基、芳基氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基氧基、羟基、巯基、硝基、羧基、氨基、酯基、卤素、酰基、醛基。优选地,所述含有一个氧的环状醚类化合物选自取代或未取代的氧杂环丁烷、取代或未取代的四氢呋喃、取代或未取代的四氢吡喃;所述取代基的个数可以是一个或多个;所述取代基为上述的R1基团。优选地,所述含有一个氧的环状醚类化合物选自3,3-二氯甲基氧杂环丁烷、2-氯甲基氧杂环丁烷、2-氯甲基环氧丙烷、1,4-环氧环己烷、1,3-环氧环己烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、3-甲基四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、2-甲基四氢吡喃、氧杂环庚烷、氧杂环辛烷、氧杂环壬烷或氧杂环癸烷。优选地,所述含有两个氧的环状醚类化合物选自取代或未取代的1,3-二氧戊环(DOL)、取代或未取代的1,4-二氧六环;所述取代基的个数可以是一个或多个;所述取代基为上述的R1基团。优选地,所述含有三个氧的环状醚类化合物选自取代或未取代的三聚甲醛;所述取代基的个数可以是一个或多个;所述取代基为上述的R1基团。优选地,所述含有更多氧的醚类化合物选自取代或未取代的18-冠-6、取代或未取代的12-冠-4、取代或未取代的24-冠-8;所述取代基的个数可以是一个或多个;所述取代基为上述的R1基团。优选地,所述直链醚类化合物的通式如式(1)所示:R 1—O—(R 2—O) n—R 3 式(1)其中,n为大于0的整数;R 2选自直链或支链的C 1-C 6的亚烷基、直链或支链的C 2-C 6的亚烯基;所述R 2上的碳原子上的H可以被下述基团中的至少一种取代:烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、环烷基、环烷基氧基、环烷基硫基、杂环基、杂环基氧基、杂环基硫基、芳基、芳基氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基氧基、羟基、巯基、硝基、羧基、氨基、酯基、卤素、酰基、醛基;R 1和R 3相同或不同,彼此独立地选自氢原子、烷基、环烷基、杂环基、烯基、炔基中的一种或多种;所述R 1和R 3的碳原子上的H可以被下述基团中的至少一种取代:烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、环烷基、环烷基氧基、环烷基硫基、杂环基、杂环基氧基、杂环基硫基、芳基、芳基氧基、羟基、巯基、硝基、羧基、氨基、酯基、卤素、酰基、醛基。优选地,n为1~6之间的整数;R 2选自直链或支链的C 1-C 4的亚烷基、直链或支链的C 2-C 6的亚烯基;R 1和R 3相同或不同,彼此独立地选自直链或支链的C 1-C 6的烷基。优选地,R 2选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、乙烯基;R 1和R 3相同或不同,彼此独立地选自甲基、乙基、丙基。优选地,所述直链醚类化合物选自乙二醇二甲醚,乙二醇二乙醚,乙二醇甲乙醚,1,4-丁二醇二甲醚,1,4-丁二醇二乙醚,1,4-丁二醇甲乙醚等中的一种或多种。优选地,所述多元酸选自取代或未取代的下述多元酸中的一种或两种或三种或多于三种:乙二酸,丙二酸,丁二酸,丁烯二酸,戊二酸,己二酸,庚二酸,辛二酸,癸二酸,壬二酸,丙三酸;所述取代基的个数可以是一个或多个;当所述取代基为多个时,其可成环;所述取代基为烷基、环烷基、芳基、羟基、氨基、酯基、卤素、酰基、醛基、巯基、烷氧基等中的一种或多种。优选地,所述酸酐选自取代或未取代的下述酸酐中的一种或两种或三种或多于三种:乙二酸酐,丙二酸酐,丁二酸酐,丁烯二酸酐,戊二酸酐,己二酸酐,庚二酸酐,辛二酸酐,癸二酸酐,壬二酸酐,六氢苯酐,四氢苯酐;所述取代基的个数可以是一个或多个;当所述取代基为多个时,其可成环;所述取代基为烷基、环烷基、芳基、羟基、氨基、酯基、卤素、酰基、醛基、巯基、烷氧基等中的一种或多种。优选地,所述多元醇选自取代或未取代的下述多元醇中的一种或几种:丙二醇,丁二醇,戊二醇,己二醇,庚二醇,辛二醇,壬二醇,癸二醇,聚乙二醇,丙三醇;所述取代基的个数可以是一个或多个;当所述取代基为多个时,其可成环;所述取代基为烷基、环烷基、芳基、羟基、氨基、酯基、卤素、酰基、醛基、巯基、烷氧基等中的一种或多种。优选地,所述多元醇选自聚乙二醇,或者聚乙二醇与下述多元醇中的一种或几种的组合:丙二醇,丁二醇,戊二醇,己二醇,庚二醇,辛二醇,壬二醇,癸二醇。优选地,所述聚乙二醇的聚合度为100-1000,优选为150-800,还优选为200-600。其中,所述聚乙二醇与其他多元醇的重量比为1:(0~1),优选为1:(0~0.9),还优选为1:(0~0.8)。
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