WO2012023571A1 - 耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム - Google Patents
耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012023571A1 WO2012023571A1 PCT/JP2011/068627 JP2011068627W WO2012023571A1 WO 2012023571 A1 WO2012023571 A1 WO 2012023571A1 JP 2011068627 W JP2011068627 W JP 2011068627W WO 2012023571 A1 WO2012023571 A1 WO 2012023571A1
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- polyester
- film
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- acid
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- DWHMMGGJCLDORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound COP(C)(O)=O DWHMMGGJCLDORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound CCCO[Ti](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrolysis-resistant polyester film. More specifically, the present invention relates to a weather-resistant polyester film for electrical insulation such as a solar battery back sheet, a front sheet, a motor insulation, and a capacitor. In particular, it is related with the hydrolysis-resistant polyester film used suitably for a solar cell backsheet.
- Polyester film has excellent mechanical and chemical properties, and is used in a wide range of fields such as packaging, magnetic tape, electronic parts, electrical insulation, and protective sheets.
- fields such as packaging, magnetic tape, electronic parts, electrical insulation, and protective sheets.
- solar cell back sheet applications In solar cell back sheet applications, front sheet applications, motor insulation applications, and capacitor applications, since they are exposed to harsh usage environments for a long period of time, higher durability is required.
- the polyester film is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, there is a problem that the ester bond site in the molecular chain is hydrolyzed and the mechanical properties are deteriorated. Therefore, various studies have been made on improving the hydrolysis resistance of polyester films.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving hydrolysis resistance by lowering the acid value of a resin.
- Patent Documents 2 to 4 disclose techniques for improving the weather resistance by increasing the molecular weight of the resin.
- Patent Documents 5 to 7 disclose techniques for adding a carboxylic acid end-capping agent such as an epoxy compound, an oxazoline compound, and an isocyanate compound in order to improve the hydrolysis resistance of a polyester film. These are used in combination with a hindered phenol acid value stabilizer as an additive for preventing the end-capping agent from being deactivated or preventing gelation. Further, Patent Documents 8 to 10 disclose techniques for improving weather resistance and various physical properties by uniformly mixing and blending polyester and other resins. In addition, a hindered phenol compound is also used as an additive in order to prevent decomposition and coloring of the resin to be blended. With respect to hindered phenol compounds, conventionally, a technique for preventing thermal aging of molded articles by adding them as antioxidants in the field of engineering plastics such as injection molding is well known (Patent Document 11).
- a technique for preventing thermal aging of molded articles by adding them as antioxidants in the field of engineering plastics such as injection molding is well known (Patent Document 11
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 the intrinsic viscosity of the resin is high and shear heat generation is likely to occur. Accordingly, the film is decomposed at the time of melt molding to increase the acid value, so that a film having a sufficiently low acid value cannot be obtained. Further, the methods of Patent Documents 5 to 10 do not improve the weather resistance of a film consisting essentially of polyester. On the other hand, the method of adding a hindered phenol-based compound as an antioxidant as in Patent Document 11 has a large amount of addition because the purpose is to prevent the molded product from being deteriorated even when it is exposed to high temperatures.
- the periphery of the lip of the die, rolls such as a chill roll and a stretching roll may be contaminated during film formation, and stable film formation for a long time may be difficult. Furthermore, the stabilizer may bleed out, causing problems such as delamination of laminated solar cell backsheets.
- the film is subjected to heat setting after stretching.
- the heat setting conditions are strong, the film tends to be brittle or apt to break.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrolysis-resistant polyester film having a low acid value by suppressing an increase in acid value during film molding.
- a polyester film excellent in hydrolysis resistance is used for a back sheet of a solar cell, it is possible to achieve excellent weather resistance that has not been achieved in the past.
- the present inventors diligently studied a high hydrolysis resistance film and clarified the following. Even if the acid value is lowered at the resin raw material stage as in the prior art, degradation of the polyester proceeds and the acid value slightly increases due to the thermal history applied in the extruder during film formation. In particular, this tendency is remarkable for resin raw materials having a large molecular weight and a high intrinsic viscosity. Even if the increase in the acid value occurring during melt extrusion is slight, the degradation of the polyester main chain is catalyzed by the acid, so that the degradation proceeds in a self-propagating manner due to such catalytic action. Therefore, as a result, the weather resistance is lowered in long-term use. Thus, it was found that a slight increase in the acid value generated during melt molding of the resin raw material has a great influence on long-term durability.
- the added amount of the hindered phenol compound that is effective here is not a large amount (several thousand ppm or more) used in engineering plastics or the like, but a large effect is exhibited even if it is a small amount of several hundred ppm or less.
- the present invention is based on finding a new effect of a hindered phenol compound. That is, the present invention is a polyester film comprising a polyester resin composition, wherein the film comprises a hindered phenol structural unit in an amount of 0.03 to 6.7 equivalents / ton in the polyester resin composition constituting the film.
- the hydrolysis-resistant polyester film is characterized in that the acid value of the polyester is less than 25 equivalents / ton and the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester constituting the film is more than 0.64 dL / g and not more than 0.90 dL / g.
- the polyester contains terephthalic acid and / or naphthalenedicarboxylic acid as an acid component, the total content of the terephthalic acid and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is 90 mol% or more based on the total acid component, and ethylene glycol and It is preferable that the total content of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol is 90 mol% or more with respect to the total glycol component.
- the polyester is preferably homopolyethylene terephthalate or homopolyethylene naphthalate.
- the polyester is a copolymer having ethylene terephthalate as a main component, and an acid component content other than terephthalic acid is 7 mol% or less with respect to the total acid component, and / or a glycol component content other than ethylene glycol. Is preferably 7 mol% or less with respect to the total glycol component.
- the total content of an acid component other than terephthalic acid and a glycol component other than ethylene glycol constituting the polyester is 7 mol% or less with respect to the total of all acid components and all glycol components. preferable.
- the polyester resin composition does not substantially contain a compound having a substituent that reacts with these (OH group or carboxyl group) other than OH group and carboxyl group. Moreover, it is preferable that the polyester content in the said polyester resin composition exceeds 90 mass%.
- the heat-resistant oxidative decomposition parameter (TOD) of the polyester resin composition constituting the film is preferably 0.25 or less.
- the polyester is preferably polymerized using at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum compounds, antimony compounds, germanium compounds and titanium compounds as a polymerization catalyst.
- the polyester was polymerized using a germanium compound of 10 ppm to 200 ppm in terms of Ge atom, a titanium compound of 1 ppm to 30 ppm in terms of Ti atom, or an antimony compound of 50 ppm to 400 ppm in terms of Sb atom as a polymerization catalyst. It is preferable.
- the polyester is polymerized using a calcium compound, an antimony compound, a lithium compound, and a phosphorus compound as a polymerization catalyst.
- the apparent specific gravity of the film is preferably 0.7 to 1.3.
- the polyester resin composition preferably contains 10 ppm or more and less than 200 ppm of a hindered phenol compound.
- the hindered phenol compound is preferably added to the polyester resin composition during film formation.
- the film is for a solar battery back sheet, a solar battery front sheet, or an electrical insulation.
- the present invention also includes a solar cell in which the polyester film is laminated on at least one of the light receiving surface or the side opposite to the light receiving surface.
- the hydrolysis-resistant polyester film of the present invention has good hydrolysis resistance while being substantially composed of a polyester resin. Therefore, it can be suitably used for applications that require durability such as solar cell backsheet applications, frontsheet applications, and electrical insulation applications.
- the polyester refers to the polycondensed polyester itself as a raw material.
- a polyester resin composition is a polyester added with a substance for maintaining the function of the polyester or modifying the polyester, such as a stabilizer, a terminal blocking agent, and other resins compatible with the polyester. Indicates.
- the film resin composition refers to a polyester resin composition added with a substance for imparting film functions such as a colorant, a lubricant filler, and a cavity developing material.
- Various stabilizers and fillers may be added at the time of polycondensation regardless of the necessity for polycondensation, but when indicated as a polyester resin composition or a film resin composition, these polymerization additives may also be added. It should be included.
- the polyester resin composition constituting the film contains a hindered phenol structure.
- the lower limit of the hindered phenol structure content in the polyester resin composition is preferably 0.03 equivalent / ton, more preferably 0.1 equivalent / ton, further preferably 0.17 equivalent / ton, particularly preferably 0.8. 2 equivalents / ton, most preferably 0.22 equivalent / ton.
- the hindered phenol structure content in the polyester resin composition is less than the above lower limit, a sufficient weather resistance improvement effect may not be obtained.
- the upper limit of the hindered phenol structure content is preferably 6.7 equivalent / ton, more preferably 3.4 equivalent / ton, further preferably 3.35 equivalent / ton, and more preferably 1.69 equivalent / ton. Particularly preferred is 1.5 equivalent / ton, and most preferred is 1.4 equivalent / ton. If the above upper limit is exceeded, the effect is saturated and disadvantageous economically. In addition, die lip stains, chill roll stains, transport roll stains and stretch roll stains tend to occur during film formation, and frequent cleaning is required, which may make stable production difficult. Furthermore, when the above upper limit is exceeded, the hindered phenol compound bleeds out, the adhesiveness is lowered, and the adhesion between the polyester film and the functional layer is lowered. Therefore, for example, a moisture-proof layer such as an aluminum foil, a decrease in adhesiveness with the light reflecting layer, and delamination from a sealing material such as an ethylene vinyl acetate polymer may occur.
- the hindered phenol structure of interest here is one in which both OH groups are t-butyl groups, one is a t-butyl group and the other is a methyl group (semi-hindered phenol), and one is t-butyl group. -Includes all butyl groups and the other being hydrogen (resindered phenol).
- the hindered phenol compound when added during polymerization, the hindered phenol compound may be incorporated into the polyester.
- the hindered phenol structure part taken in in the polyester molecular chain is also included in the object.
- the polyester resin composition containing a hindered phenol structure can be obtained by adding a hindered phenol compound to polyester.
- a hindered phenol compound In general, commercially available hindered phenol compounds have a molecular weight of about 250 to 300 per hindered phenol structural unit. Therefore, the lower limit of the amount of hindered phenol compound added to the polyester resin composition is preferably 10 ppm, more preferably 30 ppm, still more preferably 50 ppm, particularly preferably 60 ppm, and most preferably 65 ppm.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably less than 2000 ppm, more preferably less than 1000 ppm, further preferably less than 800 ppm, more preferably less than 500 ppm, particularly preferably less than 450 ppm, and most preferably less than 400 ppm.
- the hindered phenol compound may be added during the polymerization of the polyester or may be added during the film formation.
- the method of producing and adding a masterbatch is preferable.
- hindered phenol compound examples include triethylene glycol-bis [3- (3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 1,6-hexanediol-bis [3- (3,5- Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,4-bis- (n-octylthio) -6- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino) -1,3,5- Triazine, pentaerythrityl tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,2-thio-diethylenebis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl -4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, N, N′-hexa Methylenebis (3,5-di
- the vapor pressure at 20 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Pa or less, and particularly preferably 1.0. Those having ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 Pa or less are preferable.
- the thing whose vapor pressure in 20 degreeC is 1.0x10 ⁇ -10> Pa or less is preferable.
- the polyester resin composition constituting the film may contain a phosphorus stabilizer.
- the lower limit of the phosphorus stabilizer content is preferably 10 ppm, more preferably 30 ppm, still more preferably 50 ppm, and particularly preferably 60 ppm. If the content is less than the lower limit, a sufficient effect may not be obtained.
- the upper limit of the phosphorus stabilizer content is preferably 1000 ppm, more preferably 700 ppm, still more preferably 500 ppm, particularly preferably 400 ppm, and most preferably 300 ppm. If the content exceeds the above upper limit, die lip stains, chill roll stains, transport roll stains and stretch roll stains tend to occur during film formation, which requires frequent cleaning and may make stable production difficult. is there.
- the phosphorus stabilizer bleeds out, causing a moisture-proof layer such as aluminum foil, a decrease in adhesion to the light reflecting layer, and delamination from a sealing material such as an ethylene vinyl acetate polymer. It may happen.
- phosphorus stabilizers examples include tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite (Irgafos (registered trademark) 168), tetrakis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) 4,4′-biphenyl.
- Rangephosphite Sandostab® P-EPQ
- tetrakis (2,4-di-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl) [1,1-biphenyl] -4,4′-diylbisphosphonite (Osaki) And GSY-P101) manufactured by Kogyo Corporation.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the polyester constituting the film is preferably more than 0.64 dL / g (excluded and exceeded, the same shall apply hereinafter), more preferably more than 0.65 dL / g, still more preferably 0.66 dL / g. More than g, particularly preferably more than 0.67 dL / g, most preferably more than 0.68 dL / g. If it is below the above range, sufficient weather resistance may not be obtained.
- the upper limit of the intrinsic viscosity is preferably 0.90 dL / g, more preferably 0.85 dL / g, still more preferably 0.82 dL / g, particularly preferably 0.80 dL / g, most preferably 0.78 dL / g. is there.
- the above upper limit is exceeded, it becomes difficult at the time of molding with a film forming machine widely used at present.
- the polyester is decomposed and the inhibitory effect of the hindered phenol compound is relatively lowered, and the acid value may be increased.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the raw material polyester is preferably more than 0.66 dL / g, more preferably more than 0.67 dL / g, and still more preferably 0.68 dL / g. More than g, particularly preferably more than 0.69 dL / g, most preferably more than 0.7 dL / g.
- the upper limit of the intrinsic viscosity of the raw material polyester is preferably 0.92 dL / g, more preferably 0.88 dL / g, still more preferably 0.84 dL / g, particularly preferably 0.82 dL / g, and most preferably 0.80 dL. / G.
- the acid value of the polyester constituting the film is preferably less than 25 equivalents / ton, more preferably less than 22 equivalents / ton, still more preferably less than 20 equivalents / ton, and particularly preferably less than 18 equivalents / ton.
- the lower limit of the acid value is preferably lower, it is not particularly limited. However, in reality, it is preferably 0 equivalent / ton or more, more preferably 1 equivalent / ton or more, and further preferably 2 from the viewpoint of productivity. Equivalent / ton or more, particularly preferably 3 equivalent / ton or more.
- the acid value of the polyester constituting the film is preferably less than 15 equivalents / tonne, more preferably 13 equivalents. Less than 12 equivalent / ton, more preferably less than 12 equivalent / ton, particularly preferably less than 11 equivalent / ton, and most preferably less than 10 equivalent / ton. When the above range is exceeded, high hydrolysis resistance may not be obtained.
- the film does not contain a large amount of a color pigment, a cavity forming agent and the like.
- the addition amount of the color pigment and the cavity forming agent is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3.0% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2.5% by mass or less. If this range is exceeded, the amount of masterbatch may increase, and pigments may be difficult to add during polymerization, which may be disadvantageous for lowering the acid value.
- the acid value of the raw material polyester is preferably 10 equivalents / ton or less, more preferably 9 equivalents / ton or less, more preferably 8 equivalents / ton or less, Particularly preferred is 7 equivalent / ton or less. If the above range is exceeded, the acid value of the polyester constituting the film may not be lowered as intended.
- the lower limit of the acid value of the raw material polyester is preferably lower, and is not particularly limited, but is practically about ⁇ 3 equivalent / ton. In addition, according to the method of an Example, when an acid value is lowered to the limit, a negative value may be obtained.
- the lower limit of the acid value of the raw material polyester is preferably 0 equivalent / ton, more preferably 1 equivalent / ton, and further preferably 2 equivalent / ton.
- the lower limit of the cyclic trimer (CT) in the polyester constituting the film is preferably 0.20% by mass, more preferably 0.25% by mass, still more preferably 0.28% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.30. % By mass. If it is less than the above lower limit value, the solid phase polymerization will take a long time, resulting in poor productivity.
- the upper limit of CT is preferably 0.60% by mass, more preferably 0.55% by mass, and still more preferably 0.50% by mass. When the upper limit is exceeded, roll stains and die lip stains may occur. Moreover, when CT deposits on the surface and causes film whitening, or when a gas barrier layer is deposited on the film surface, it may cause pinholes in the gas barrier layer. The amount of CT can be reduced by solid phase polymerization.
- the acetaldehyde content in the polyester resin composition constituting the film is preferably 50 ppm or less, more preferably 40 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 30 ppm or less.
- Acetaldehyde easily causes a condensation reaction between acetaldehydes, and water is generated as a side reaction product, and the water may cause hydrolysis of the polyester.
- the lower limit of the acetaldehyde content is practically about 1 ppm.
- the polyester constituting the film is preferably a polyester composed of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol.
- the dicarboxylic acid include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and biphenyldicarboxylic acid; and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- the polyester constituting the film is preferably a polyester comprising an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a diol.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid terephthalic acid and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid are preferable.
- other aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids other than terephthalic acid and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid may be copolymerized.
- the lower limit of the total content of terephthalic acid and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is preferably 95 mol%, more preferably 97 mol%, still more preferably 99 mol%, particularly preferably. Is 100 mol%. If it is less than the above lower limit, physical properties and weather resistance may be lowered.
- the upper limit of the total content of terephthalic acid and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is 100 mol%.
- the content of terephthalic acid is preferably 95 mol% or more, more preferably 97 mol% or more, still more preferably 99 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 100 mol%.
- diol examples include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol and other alkylene glycols; polytetramethylene glycol and other polyalkylene glycols; bisphenol A- EO adducts, bisphenol A-PO adducts and the like can be mentioned.
- ethylene glycol is preferable. Part of the ethylene glycol becomes diethylene glycol during polymerization and is incorporated into the polyester.
- the lower limit of the total content of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol is preferably 90 mol%, more preferably 95 mol%, still more preferably 98 mol%, and particularly preferably 100 mol%. If it is less than the lower limit, physical properties and weather resistance (aliphatic) may be deteriorated.
- the upper limit of the total content of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol is 100 mol%.
- the lower limit of the diethylene glycol content (in the glycol component) in the polyester is preferably 0.5 mol%, more preferably 0.8 mol%, and even more preferably 1 mol%. If it is less than the lower limit, it may be difficult to achieve in practice.
- the upper limit of the diethylene glycol content is preferably 3 mol%, more preferably 2.6 mol%, still more preferably 2.4 mol%, and particularly preferably 2.2 mol%. If the upper limit is exceeded, the weather resistance may be lowered. Generation of diethylene glycol can be suppressed by adding an alkali component during the esterification reaction.
- Preferred polyesters include homopolyethylene terephthalate, homopolyethylene naphthalate, and homopolybutylene terephthalate.
- the homo here may be a product obtained by copolymerizing by-products such as diethylene glycol generated during the polymerization.
- the polyester constituting the film is preferably a copolymer having ethylene terephthalate as a main constituent. That is, the acid component preferably contains 7 mol% or less of a constituent component other than terephthalic acid and / or 7 mol% or less of a glycol component other than ethylene glycol.
- diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol in which ethylene glycol is increased during polycondensation are regarded as ethylene glycol and are not included in glycol components other than ethylene glycol.
- mol% said here is computed as the total amount of each of an acid component and a glycol component being 100 mol%.
- the lower limit of the content of acid components other than the terephthalic acid component is preferably 0.01 mol%, more preferably 0.1 mol%, still more preferably 0.5 mol%, and particularly preferably 1 mol%. If it is less than the lower limit, the effect of preventing excessive crystallization may be insufficient.
- the upper limit of the content of acid components other than the terephthalic acid component is preferably 7 mol%, more preferably 6 mol%, still more preferably 5 mol%, and particularly preferably 3.5 mol%. When the above upper limit is exceeded, the shrinkage rate due to heat in the laminating process or the like may increase.
- the lower limit of the content of glycol components other than ethylene glycol is preferably 0.01 mol%, more preferably 0.1 mol%, still more preferably 0.5 mol%, and particularly preferably 1 mol%. If it is less than the lower limit, the effect of preventing excessive crystallization may be insufficient.
- the upper limit of the content of glycol components other than ethylene glycol is preferably 7 mol%, more preferably 6 mol%, still more preferably 5 mol%, and particularly preferably 3.5 mol%. When the above upper limit is exceeded, the shrinkage rate due to heat in the laminating process or the like may increase.
- the lower limit of the total amount of the acid component other than the terephthalic acid component and the glycol component other than the ethylene glycol is preferably 0.01 mol%, more preferably 0.1 mol%, and the total amount of all acid components and all glycol components. Preferably it is 0.5 mol%, particularly preferably 1 mol%.
- the upper limit of the total amount of the acid component other than the terephthalic acid component and the glycol component other than ethylene glycol is preferably 7 mol%, more preferably 6 mol%, still more preferably 5 mol%.
- mol% said here is computed as the total amount of each of an acid component and a glycol component being 100 mol%, and the total amount means the value which totaled each numerical value.
- acid components other than the terephthalic acid component include naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, biphenyldicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and the like.
- naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, and cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid are preferable in terms of being difficult to reduce hydrolysis resistance, and melting point and glass transition temperature. Isophthalic acid is particularly preferred.
- glycol components other than ethylene glycol include propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2-methyl-1, Examples include 3-propanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, bisphenol A-EO adduct, bisphenol A-PO adduct, diethylene glycol, and polytetramethylene glycol.
- 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and cyclohexanedimethanol are preferred because they are difficult to lower the melting point and glass transition temperature.
- 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, and cyclohexanedimethanol are particularly preferable.
- ethylene glycol becomes diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol during polymerization and is incorporated into the polyester, but such by-products such as diethylene glycol are not included in the amount of glycol components other than ethylene glycol described above. To do.
- the minimum of diethylene glycol content in polyester becomes like this. Preferably it is 0.5 mol%, More preferably, it is 0.8 mol%, More preferably, it is 1 mol%. If it is less than the lower limit, it may be difficult to achieve in practice.
- the upper limit of the diethylene glycol content is preferably 2.5 mol%, more preferably 2.3 mol%, still more preferably 2.0 mol%, and particularly preferably 1.8 mol%. If the upper limit is exceeded, the weather resistance may be lowered. Generation of diethylene glycol can be suppressed by adding an alkali component during the esterification reaction.
- a copolymerization method or a blend method may be used as a method for introducing an acid component other than the terephthalic acid component and a glycol component other than ethylene glycol.
- a blending method a method in which a polyester obtained by copolymerizing an acid component other than a terephthalic acid component or a glycol component other than ethylene glycol with about 10 to 50 mol% of ethylene terephthalate is preferably blended with homopolyethylene terephthalate.
- the configuration of the present invention will be described below.
- Raw material polyester The raw material polyester preferably used in the present invention is an ester exchange reaction (ester exchange method or DMT) in which a dicarboxylic acid and a diol component are esterified (esterification method) or a dimethyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid is reacted with a diol component. And then polycondensed under reduced pressure.
- ester exchange reaction ester exchange method or DMT
- the polycondensation catalyst for polymerizing the polyester examples thereof include an Al compound, an Sb compound, a Ge compound, and a Ti compound.
- Al compounds, Sb compounds, and Ti compounds are preferable.
- Al compounds, Sb compounds and Ge compounds are preferred.
- Sb compounds, Ge compounds and Ti compounds are preferred. When these points are combined, the Sb compound is most preferable.
- the Al compound has low activity by itself, and preferably has increased catalytic activity in combination with other metals.
- a material for example, Al / Co, Al / Li, Al / Na, Al / Mg and the like are preferably used.
- a combination of Al or another metal with a phosphorus compound to improve catalytic activity is also preferable.
- Particularly preferred phosphorus compounds have an aromatic group in the molecule represented by Ar—CH 2 —P ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 (Ar represents an aryl group, except for those having a hindered phenol structure). Phosphonic acids, including these alkyl esters and salt compounds.
- germanium compounds include germanium dioxide, germanium tetrachloride, etc. Among these, germanium dioxide is preferable.
- the lower limit of the addition amount of the germanium compound is preferably 10 ppm, more preferably 20 ppm, and still more preferably 30 ppm in terms of Ge atoms. If it is less than the above lower limit, the polycondensation reaction may be slowed, resulting in poor productivity.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 200 ppm, more preferably 150 ppm, and still more preferably 100 ppm in terms of Ge atoms.
- a germanium compound is expensive, and if it exceeds the above, it is not economically preferable. In the case of using a germanium compound, it is also preferable to deactivate the catalyst by treating the polyester chip with hot water after the production of the polyester.
- Titanium compounds include tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetraisobutyl titanate, tetra-tert-butyl titanate, tetracyclohexyl titanate, tetraphenyl titanate, titanium oxalate, phthalic titanate, tri Mellitic acid titanate, pyromellitic acid titanate and the like can be mentioned, and among these, tetra-n-butoxy titanate and trimellitic acid titanate are preferable. In particular, trimellitic titanate is preferable in terms of yellowing resistance and heat stability.
- the lower limit of the addition amount of the Ti compound is preferably 1 ppm, more preferably 2 ppm, and still more preferably 3 ppm in terms of Ti atoms. If it is less than the above lower limit, the polycondensation reaction may be slowed, resulting in poor productivity.
- the upper limit is preferably 30 ppm, more preferably 25 ppm, and still more preferably 20 ppm in terms of Ti atoms. When the above upper limit is exceeded, thermal decomposition during film formation becomes severe and the weather resistance may be poor.
- the titanium catalyst after completion of the polymerization, it is also preferable to deactivate the titanium catalyst by adding a phosphorus compound at the time of film formation, for example.
- a phosphorus compound include phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphonic acids described later.
- antimony compound examples include antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide, antimony acetate, antimony glycoloxide, and the like, among which antimony trioxide is preferable.
- the lower limit of the amount of Sb compound added is preferably 50 ppm, more preferably 70 ppm, and still more preferably 100 ppm in terms of Sb atoms. If it is less than the above lower limit, the polycondensation reaction may be slowed, resulting in poor productivity.
- the upper limit is preferably 400 ppm, more preferably 350 ppm, and still more preferably 300 ppm in terms of Sb atoms. If the upper limit is exceeded, the amount of foreign matter may increase.
- an esterification catalyst or a transesterification catalyst may be used separately from the polycondensation catalyst.
- the transesterification catalyst include fatty acid salts such as Zn, Cd, Mg, Mn, Co, Ca, and Ba, carbonates, and oxides such as Pb, Zn, Sb, and Ge.
- an Sb catalyst when used for polycondensation, it is preferable to use a Ca compound as the transesterification catalyst.
- a Ca compound By using a Ca compound, thermal degradation during film formation can be reduced. Further, after the transesterification reaction, the Ca catalyst is deactivated with a phosphorus compound, and further, calcium phosphate particles are generated, which can be used as a lubricant during film formation.
- the lower limit of the Ca compound addition amount is preferably 50 ppm, more preferably 70 ppm, and still more preferably 100 ppm in terms of Ca atoms.
- the transesterification reaction may be delayed, or the amount of calcium phosphate particles to be precipitated later may be reduced, resulting in poor slipping properties during film winding.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 400 ppm, more preferably 350 ppm, and still more preferably 300 ppm in terms of Ca atoms. When the above upper limit is exceeded, not only is the effect saturated, but foreign matter may increase.
- the lower limit of the amount of the phosphorus compound added after the transesterification reaction is preferably 100 ppm, more preferably 150 ppm, and still more preferably 200 ppm in terms of P atom. If the amount is less than the lower limit, the amount of calcium phosphate particles to be precipitated may be reduced and the slipping property during film winding may be inferior.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 1000 ppm, more preferably 800 ppm, and still more preferably 700 ppm in terms of P atoms. When the above upper limit is exceeded, the polycondensation reaction may be delayed.
- Preferable phosphorus compounds include phosphoric acid such as phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphonic acid; lower alkyl esters or phenyl esters of these phosphoric acids.
- phosphoric acid such as phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphonic acid
- lower alkyl esters or phenyl esters of these phosphoric acids One or more phosphorus compounds selected from these phosphoric acid compounds can be used.
- phosphoric acid trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, phosphoric acid ester such as triphenyl phosphate, acidic phosphoric acid methyl ester; phosphorous acid such as phosphorous acid, trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite Examples thereof include methylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, benzylphosphonic acid, and phosphonic acid esters such as methylphosphonic acid methyl ester, phenylphosphonic acid ethyl ester, and benzylphosphonic acid phenyl ester.
- a lithium compound By adding a lithium compound, calcium phosphate particles having a size excellent in slipperiness can be efficiently precipitated, and hydrolysis resistance can be improved.
- the lower limit of the addition amount of the lithium compound is preferably 20 ppm, more preferably 30 ppm, still more preferably 40 ppm, and particularly preferably 50 ppm in terms of lithium atoms.
- the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 300 ppm, more preferably 250 ppm, and still more preferably 200 ppm in terms of lithium atoms. A high effect is achieved by setting it as the said range.
- the lithium compound include lithium chloride, lithium hydride, and lithium acetate.
- Methods for increasing the esterification rate include adjusting the acid / glycol ratio; adjusting conditions such as the temperature and time of the esterification reaction; and the like.
- DMT method it is preferable to lower the moisture content of the raw material dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester or glycol by drying or purification.
- solid phase polymerization can be performed at a temperature below the melting point under reduced pressure or under an inert gas flow, thereby increasing the molecular weight and reducing the acid value.
- the solid phase polymerization temperature is preferably 190 to 240 ° C, more preferably 195 to 230 ° C.
- the solid phase polymerization time is preferably 2 hours or longer, and more preferably 3 hours or longer. The longer the time, the higher the molecular weight and the lower the acid value. On the other hand, the longer the polymerization time is, the lower the acid value is lowered.
- the molecular weight and the acid value can be adjusted as appropriate by adjusting the melt polymerization conditions and the solid phase polymerization conditions.
- CT can be reduced by performing solid phase polymerization.
- polyester resin composition In the present invention, as described above, a hindered phenol compound is further added to the polyester.
- a polyester resin composition containing these stabilizers and the like, which maintains a function as a polyester in a state of being compatible with the polyester, or is added with a substance for modifying the polyester is referred to as a polyester resin composition.
- polymerization it is preferable to add at the time of polycondensation catalyst addition just before polycondensation.
- it can also add, without releasing pressure reduction with a gear pump etc. as a slurry of ethylene glycol.
- the hindered phenol compound can be added during film formation, and in this case, it is preferable to add it as a master batch.
- the base resin for the masterbatch it is preferable to use a raw material polyester for the film.
- a higher concentration of the hindered phenol compound in the masterbatch is preferable, but in reality, it is preferably 1 to 20% by mass.
- disassembles at the time of manufacture of a masterbatch and an acid value increases it is preferable that raw material polyester is fully dried. The water content is the same as the polyester used in the following film formation.
- the polyester resin composition does not substantially contain a compound having a substituent that reacts with these (OH group or COOH group) other than OH group (hydroxyl group) and COOH group (carboxyl group). If the polyester contains a compound that has a substituent that reacts with OH group or COOH group, it will form a cross-linked structure with the polyester molecule, causing gelation or increasing the molecular weight of the polyester. May occur, and the effect of the hindered phenol compound may be reduced.
- the compound having a substituent that reacts with the OH group and COOH group examples include epoxy, carbodiimide, and isocyanate compounds, which are used as end-capping agents and chain extenders.
- substantially not included in the polyester resin composition is less than 1% by mass, preferably less than 0.5% by mass, more preferably less than 0.1% by mass, and less than 0.01% by mass. Is more preferable.
- the polyester resin composition may contain other resins such as polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, and polycarbonate other than polyester for the purpose of modification.
- the polyester content in the resin composition is preferably more than 90% by mass, more preferably more than 95% by mass, still more preferably more than 98% by mass, particularly preferably more than 99% by mass, most preferably. It is more than 99.5% by mass.
- the resin contains only polyester.
- the thermal oxidative decomposition parameter (TOD) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “thermal oxidation stability parameter (TOS)”) of the polyester resin composition constituting the film is preferably 0.25 or less, more preferably 0.00. 2 or less, more preferably 0.15 or less, particularly preferably 0.1 or less, and most preferably 0.05 or less. If it exceeds the above range, the weather resistance may be lowered.
- the value of TOD can be adjusted by adding a hindered phenol compound within the above range.
- the lower limit of TOD is 0 in principle.
- Film resin composition In addition to the film resin composition constituting the film, an ultraviolet absorber; organic and inorganic particles as a lubricant; white and black pigments such as titanium oxide, barium sulfate, and carbon black; Also good.
- particles as a lubricant for a film is a preferable form in a catalyst system that does not generate internal particles.
- particles particles made of organic polymers such as crosslinked polyvinylbenzene, acrylic, crosslinked polystyrene, polyester, polyimide, polyamide, fluororesin; colloidal silica, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, carbon black, zeolite, etc. Inorganic particles are exemplified.
- the average particle size of the particles is preferably 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m by the Coulter counter method.
- the addition amount is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass.
- These particles and pigments may also be added during the polycondensation step, or may be added as a master batch during film formation. When high weather resistance is required, it is preferably added during the polycondensation step.
- the film of the present invention may be an unstretched film, a uniaxially stretched film, or a biaxially stretched film. From the viewpoint of durability and mechanical strength, a biaxially stretched film is particularly preferable.
- a melting step of melting a polyester chip polymerized using the specific catalyst in an extruder a film forming step of forming an unstretched film by extruding a molten resin from the extruder; It is desirable to produce the film by going through a stretching step of stretching in at least one direction; and a heat setting step of heat-treating the stretched film.
- the raw material is supplied to a melt extruder and heated to a temperature higher than the polymer melting point to melt. At this time, in order to suppress an increase in the carboxyl terminal concentration during film production, it is preferable to use a sufficiently dried raw material.
- the water content of the raw material is preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 50 ppm or less, still more preferably 30 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 20 ppm or less.
- a drying method a known method such as heating or drying under reduced pressure can be used.
- the maximum temperature of the resin in the extruder is preferably 280 ° C or higher, more preferably 285 ° C or higher, and further preferably 287 ° C or higher.
- the maximum temperature of the resin in the extruder is preferably 310 ° C. or less, more preferably 305 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably 300 ° C. or less.
- the residence time in the molten state is preferably within 30 minutes, more preferably within 20 minutes, and particularly preferably within 15 minutes.
- the polyester resin composition contains a hindered phenol structure
- decomposition due to heat in the extruder can be effectively suppressed, and an increase in acid value can be suppressed.
- the molten resin is extruded from a T-die onto a cooling rotating roll and molded into a sheet shape to produce an unstretched film.
- a cooling rotating roll for example, by applying the technique described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-39521 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-45175, high-speed film formation is possible.
- the polyester film of the present invention can be obtained by stretching at least uniaxially 1.1 to 6 times using a known method at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the polyester and lower than the crystallization temperature. .
- a sequential biaxial stretching method in which uniaxial stretching is performed in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction, and then stretching in the orthogonal direction; a simultaneous biaxial stretching method in which stretching is performed simultaneously in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
- a method using a linear motor can be employed as a driving method for simultaneous biaxial stretching.
- a heat setting process is performed within 30 seconds, preferably within 10 seconds, at a temperature of (melting point ⁇ 50 ° C.) to less than the melting point.
- 0.5-10% longitudinal relaxation treatment, lateral relaxation treatment, etc. are performed.
- a known method can be used as the method of the longitudinal relaxation treatment.
- a method of performing longitudinal relaxation processing by gradually narrowing the clip interval of the tenter Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-0221818
- cutting by inserting a razor at the end of the tenter to avoid the influence of the clip Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-54290
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-54290 Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-54290
- the thermal shrinkage rate in the vertical and horizontal directions is preferably in the range of 0 to 4.0%, more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 3.0%, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.3 to 2.5%. If the heat shrinkage rate is negative, the film will be bent during processing. On the other hand, when the thermal shrinkage rate is larger than 4.0%, the shrinkage during processing is large, which is not preferable.
- the thickness of the obtained polyester film for solar cells is preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 400 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 20 to 300 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 10 ⁇ m, there is no waist and it is difficult to handle. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the handling property is lowered and handling becomes difficult.
- the surface of the polyester film may be coated with a polymer resin by a coating method. Moreover, it is good also as a slippery polyester film by containing inorganic and / or organic particle
- the polyester film has irregularities on the film surface in order to improve handling characteristics such as slipperiness, running performance, wear resistance, and winding property.
- the method for imparting irregularities to the film surface includes a method of embossing with a roll or the like with irregularities on the surface of the thin film layer, a method of patterning irregularities on the surface with a laser beam, etc. Is mentioned.
- a method in which the layered structure is used and the central polyester layer does not contain inert particles and only the surface layer contains particles is also an extremely effective method for reducing haze.
- a white film is also preferred.
- a material containing a large number of fine cavities inside is preferable because it has a high reflectance up to the near infrared region.
- the apparent specific gravity is 0.7 or more and 1.3 or less, preferably 0.9 or more and 1.3 or less, more preferably 1.05 or more and 1.2 or less. If the apparent specific gravity is less than 0.7, the film is not elastic and processing at the time of producing the solar cell module becomes difficult. Even a film having an apparent specific gravity of more than 1.3 is within the range of the film of the present invention. However, since the film mass is large, there is a possibility that it may become an obstacle when considering the weight reduction of solar cells.
- the fine cavities can be formed from a thermoplastic resin that is incompatible with the fine particles and / or polyester described below.
- the term “cavity derived from a thermoplastic resin that is incompatible with fine particles or polyester” means that there are voids around the fine particles or the thermoplastic resin. For example, confirm with a cross-sectional photograph of the film by an electron microscope. Can do.
- the plastic resin incompatible with polyester is not particularly limited. Specific examples include polystyrene resins, polyolefin resins, polyacrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polysulfone resins, and cellulose resins.
- polyolefin resins such as polystyrene resins, cyclic polyolefin resins, polymethylpentene, and polypropylene are preferably used.
- the mixing amount of these void forming agents that is, a thermoplastic resin incompatible with the polyester, in the polyester resin composition varies depending on the amount of the target void, but is preferably 3 to 20% by mass with respect to the entire film. More preferably, it is 5 to 18% by mass. If the mixing amount is less than 3% by mass, there is a limit to increasing the amount of cavities generated. On the other hand, when the mixing amount is 20% by mass or more, the stretchability of the film is remarkably impaired, and the heat resistance, strength, and waist strength are impaired.
- the void-containing white film may be a single layer or a laminated structure composed of two or more layers.
- the laminated structure includes a skin layer made of a polyester layer containing white fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m, and a core made of a polyester layer containing many cavities derived from a thermoplastic resin incompatible with polyester. Having a layer is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the manufacturing method is arbitrary and is not particularly limited, for example, it can be manufactured as follows.
- the white fine particles include calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, lead carbonate, and barium sulfate, and titanium oxide and barium sulfate are particularly preferable.
- the white fine particles are preferably added as a master batch because the amount added is as large as 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the polyester resin composition.
- Each raw material is mixed, put into an extruder, melted, extruded from a T-die, and adhered to a cooling roll to obtain an unstretched sheet. Further, the unstretched sheet is stretched between rolls having a difference in speed (roll stretching); stretched by gripping and expanding by a clip (tenter stretching); stretched by expanding by air pressure (inflation stretching); Biaxial orientation treatment is performed. By performing the orientation treatment, interfacial peeling occurs between the polyester / incompatible thermoplastic resin and between the polyester / fine particles, and many fine cavities appear. Therefore, the conditions for stretching / orienting the unstretched sheet are closely related to the formation of cavities.
- the first-stage longitudinal stretching process is the most important process for forming many fine cavities inside the film.
- stretching is performed between two or many rolls having different peripheral speeds.
- a heating means at this time a method using a heating roll or a method using a non-contact heating method may be used, or they may be used in combination.
- the most preferable stretching method is a method using both roll heating and non-contact heating.
- the film is first preheated to a temperature of 50 ° C. to the glass transition point of polyester using a heating roll, and then heated with an infrared heater.
- the uniaxially stretched film thus obtained is introduced into a tenter and stretched 2.5 to 5 times in the width direction.
- a preferred stretching temperature at this time is 100 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- the biaxially stretched film thus obtained is subjected to heat treatment as necessary.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out in a tenter, preferably in the range of the melting point (Tm) ⁇ 50 ° C. to the melting point (Tm) of the polyester.
- the obtained film has a whiteness of 50 or more, preferably 60 or more, more preferably 70 or more.
- the acid value of the polyester constituting the film has high weather resistance due to reasons such as the need to increase the kneading conditions or use a large amount of master batch. It may be difficult to make it as high as the required film.
- the acid value of the polyester constituting the film is preferably less than 25 equivalents / ton, more preferably less than 22 equivalents / ton, even more preferably less than 20 equivalents / ton, particularly preferably less than 18 equivalents / ton. is there.
- the thickness is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 65% or more, and particularly preferably 70% or more. If the thickness of the layer containing the hindered phenol structure is less than the above range, the layer not having the hindered phenol structure deteriorates when the elongation is applied, and cracks etc. are generated and dragged by this crack etc. A layer having a hindered phenol structure may also break. In addition, a layer having no hindered phenol structure may be finely cracked and whitened to deteriorate the appearance. In addition, it is preferable that all the layers are layers which consist of a polyester resin composition containing a hindered phenol structure.
- the polyester film of the present invention has high weather resistance and can be used for various applications that require weather resistance, particularly hydrolysis resistance. Specific applications include solar cell front sheet (light-receiving surface) and back sheet (opposite to the light-receiving surface), motor insulation, condenser, etc., especially suitable for solar cell back sheet It is done.
- a gas barrier layer and a light reflection layer are laminated to form a back sheet.
- a laminate adhesive such as urethane can be used for lamination. It is preferable to perform an easy adhesion coating on the surface of the film of the present invention.
- polyester film of the present invention can be used as a weather resistant gas barrier film.
- a white or void-containing film it can be used as a weather-resistant light reflective film. In these cases, the number of stacked back sheets can be reduced, and the cost and weight of the solar cell can be reduced.
- the solar battery backsheet produced by laminating the film of the present invention packs an electromotive force cell such as silicon between the transparent surface base material via a filler such as an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. And it can be set as a solar cell module.
- the film of the present invention is used for a solar cell front sheet, it is also a preferred form to provide an antireflection layer or a hard coat layer.
- the polyester film for electrical insulation is a single layer or multilayer laminated film or sheet used for the insulation of electronic members. Since the polyester film of the present invention has high durability and heat resistance, it is suitable, for example, as an interior or exterior of a capacitor, or as a base film for an electric insulation band for motors, flexible printed wiring boards, transformers, cables, generators, etc. is there.
- Titration Titration is performed using a 0.04 mol / l potassium hydroxide solution (ethanol solution) whose factor is known in advance. Phenol red is used as the indicator, and the titration (ml) of the potassium hydroxide solution is determined with the end point being changed from yellowish green to light red.
- Samples A, B, and C are titrated as XA, XB, and XC (ml).
- the titration amounts of samples a, b, and c are Xa, Xb, and Xc (ml).
- Acid value (equivalent / ton) [(V ⁇ V0) ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ NF ⁇ 1000] / W NF: Factor W of 0.04 mol / l potassium hydroxide solution: Sample mass (g)
- W is the mass of only the polyester which deducted the part.
- Cyclic trimer content (hereinafter referred to as “CT content”) Dissolve the sample in a hexafluoroisopropanol / chloroform mixture and dilute with additional chloroform. Methanol is added to this to precipitate the polymer, followed by filtration. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, adjusted to a constant volume with dimethylformamide, and a cyclic trimer composed of ethylene terephthalate units was quantified by liquid chromatography.
- CT content Cyclic trimer content
- Acetaldehyde content (hereinafter referred to as “AA content”)
- Sample / distilled water 1 g / 2 ml of nitrogen-substituted glass ampule was sealed in the upper part, extracted at 160 ° C for 2 hours, and after cooling, acetaldehyde in the extract was measured by high-sensitivity gas chromatography. The concentration was expressed in ppm.
- the AA content of each Example and Comparative Example film was in the range of 15-23 ppm.
- Thermal oxidative degradation parameter The film ([IV] i) was frozen and ground to a powder of 20 mesh or less. This powder was vacuum-dried at 130 ° C. for 12 hours, and 300 mg of the powder was placed in a glass test tube having an inner diameter of about 8 mm and a length of about 140 mm, and vacuum-dried at 70 ° C. for 12 hours. Next, [IV] f1 was measured after immersion in a salt bath at 230 ° C. and heating for 15 minutes under dry air with a drying tube containing silica gel attached to the top of the test tube. TOD was determined as follows. However, [IV] i and [IV] f1 indicate IV (dL / g) before and after the heating test, respectively.
- the freeze pulverization was performed using a freezer mill (Specks Corp., Model 6750). After putting about 2 g of a resin chip or film and a dedicated impactor in a dedicated cell, the cell is set in the apparatus, liquid nitrogen is filled into the apparatus and held for about 10 minutes, and then RATE10 (the impactor is about 1 second per second). Crushed for 5 minutes.
- TOD 0.245 ⁇ [IV] f1 (-1.47) -[IV] i (-1.47) ⁇
- Moisture content of polyester chip Using a moisture content measuring device (Mitsubishi Kasei, VA-05 type), heat treatment was applied to 1 to 2 g of chips at 230 ° C. for 10 minutes, and moisture contained in the chips The water content was measured.
- a moisture content measuring device Mitsubishi Kasei, VA-05 type
- Hydrolysis resistance evaluation (9) Hydrolysis resistance evaluation (breaking elongation retention) As the hydrolysis resistance evaluation, HAST (Highly Accelerated Temperature and Humidity Stress Test) standardized in JIS C-60068-2-66 was performed. The equipment was EHS-221 manufactured by ESPEC CORP. Under the conditions of 105 ° C., 100% RH and 0.03 MPa. The film was cut into 70 mm ⁇ 190 mm, and the film was placed using a jig. Each film was placed at a distance where it did not touch. The treatment was performed at 105 ° C., 100% RH, 0.03 MPa for 200 hours and 300 hours.
- HAST Highly Accelerated Temperature and Humidity Stress Test
- Breaking elongation retention rate (%) [(breaking elongation after treatment (%)) / (breaking elongation before treatment (%))] ⁇ 100
- Thermal contraction rate of film at 150 ° C. (HS150) The film is cut to a size of 10 mm wide and 250 mm long, with the long sides (250 mm) cut along the direction that coincides with the longitudinal and width directions, marked at intervals of 200 mm, and the distance A is measured with a constant tension of 5 g. It was. Subsequently, it was left in an oven at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes with no load. After the film was taken out of the oven and cooled to room temperature, the mark interval B was determined under a constant tension of 5 g, and the thermal shrinkage rate was determined by the following equation. In addition, the heat shrinkage rate at 150 ° C.
- magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was added to the polyester so as to be 120 ppm as Mg atoms, and reacted at a temperature of 255 ° C. at normal pressure. Thereafter, antimony trioxide in an amount of 250 ppm in the polyester as Sb atoms and cobalt acetate tetrahydrate in an amount of 30 ppm in the polyester as Co atoms, and an amount of 150 ppm in the polyester as P atoms. Trimethyl phosphate was added and further reacted at a temperature of 260 ° C.
- the reaction product was transferred to the polycondensation reaction layer, and hindered phenol compounds (Irganox 1330) in the amounts shown in Table 1 and silica particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m were added to the polyester so that the amount was 800 ppm. did.
- the reaction system was gradually depressurized while being heated and heated, and polymerization was carried out at 290 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 133 Pa (1 mmHg) to obtain a chip of IV 0.60 dL / g.
- solid polycondensation was performed at 220 ° C.
- the cyclic trimer (CT) content was 0.29% by mass.
- the obtained polyester resin composition chips are dried to a moisture content of 17 ppm and supplied to an extruder, and the maximum resin temperature up to the melter, kneader, polymer tube, gear pump and filter of the extruder is 290 ° C., and the subsequent polymer
- the temperature of the tube was 285 ° C., and the sheet was extruded from a die.
- Each of these polymers was filtered using a stainless steel sintered filter medium (nominal filtration accuracy 20 ⁇ m particles 95% cut). Further, the resin temperature of the flat die was set to 285 ° C.
- the extruded resin was wound around a casting drum having a surface temperature of 30 ° C. and cooled and solidified to produce an unstretched film.
- this unstretched film was heated to 100 ° C. with a heated roll group and an infrared heater, and then stretched 3.3 times in the longitudinal direction with a roll group having a peripheral speed difference to obtain a uniaxially oriented PET film. Subsequently, the film was stretched 4.0 times in the width direction at 130 ° C. with a tenter, heat-set at 235 ° C., and further relaxed in the width direction at 200 ° C., and biaxially oriented with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m. A PET film was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 3 The polycondensation reaction is carried out without adding a hindered phenol compound during the polycondensation, and the polycondensation reaction is carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the solid phase polymerization time is lengthened. I got a chip. Further, a PET film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, but the temperature was adjusted so that the resin pressure in each part of the film-forming process was equivalent to that in Example 3. Specifically, the maximum resin temperature up to the extruder melting section, kneading section, polymer tube, gear pump, and filter was 300 ° C., and the subsequent polymer tube was 290 ° C.
- Example 11 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the hindered phenol compound to be added and the addition amount were changed. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 13 Polyester having an IV of 0.55 dL / g was produced by melt polymerization, and further solid phase polymerization was performed to obtain a resin composition chip of solid phase polymerized polyester having an IV of 0.68 dL / g and an acid value of 6 equivalents / ton. Others were the same as in Example 3.
- a PET film was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, but the temperature was adjusted so that the resin pressure in each part of the film-forming process was equivalent to that in Example 3. Specifically, the maximum resin temperature up to the melter, kneader, polymer tube, gear pump, and filter of the extruder was 288 ° C., and the subsequent polymer tube was 285 ° C. The weather resistance was inferior to that of Example 3 due to the low molecular weight, but it was at a level with no problem. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 14 A polycondensation reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the solid phase polymerization time was lengthened to obtain a resin composition chip of solid phase polymerized polyester. Furthermore, although the polyester film was manufactured similarly to Example 3, temperature adjustment was performed so that the resin pressure in each part of a film forming process might become equivalent to Example 3. FIG. Specifically, the maximum resin temperature up to the extruder melting section, kneading section, polymer tube, gear pump and filter was 305 ° C., and the subsequent polymer tube was 290 ° C. Although the acid value was slightly higher, the molecular weight was maintained, so the weather resistance was excellent. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 4 Polyester having an IV of 0.68 dL / g was produced by melt polymerization, and further solid phase polymerization was performed to obtain a resin composition chip of solid phase polymerized polyester having an IV of 0.76 dL / g and an acid value of 23 equivalents / ton. Others were the same as in Example 3. The results are shown in Table 3. Although a hindered phenol structure was contained, the acid value was high and the weather resistance was poor.
- Comparative Example 5 Polyester having an IV of 0.52 dL / g was produced by melt polymerization, and further solid phase polymerization was performed to obtain a resin composition chip of solid phase polymerized polyester having an IV value of 0.64 dL / g and an acid value of 5 equivalents / ton. Others were the same as in Example 3. The results are shown in Table 3. Although a hindered phenol structure was contained, the intrinsic viscosity was low and the weather resistance was insufficient.
- Examples 15-18 A master batch was produced from the hindered phenol compounds shown in Table 4, and the same procedure as in Example 4 was carried out except that the amount of hindered phenol compounds added during film production was changed. The same effect was observed even when the hindered phenol compound was changed.
- Example 19 Comparative Example 6 An ethylene glycol solution of calcium acetate was added to a mixture of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol so that the residual calcium element was 200 ppm, and an ester exchange reaction was performed according to a conventional method to obtain an oligomer mixture. Trimethyl phosphoric acid was added to the oligomer mixture so that the residual amount of phosphorus element was 350 ppm, and the mixture was stirred at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere at normal pressure.
- a polycondensation catalyst a mixture of ethylene glycol solution of antimony trioxide / ethylene glycol solution of lithium acetate was added so that the residual amount of antimony element was 200 ppm and the residual amount of lithium element was 100 ppm.
- the mixture was stirred at 250 ° C. for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere at normal pressure. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction system is gradually decreased to 280 ° C. over 60 minutes to reduce the pressure of the reaction system to 13.3 Pa (0.1 Torr), and a polycondensation reaction is further performed at 280 ° C. and 13.3 Pa.
- a polyester chip of .58 dL / g was obtained.
- the chip obtained by the above melt polymerization was subjected to solid phase polymerization at 220 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 0.5 mmHg using a rotary vacuum polymerization apparatus, the intrinsic viscosity (IV) was 0.76 dL / g, and the acid value was A resin composition chip of solid-phase-polymerized polyester at 5 equivalents / ton was obtained.
- the hindered phenol compound was added simultaneously with the addition of the polycondensation catalyst.
- a film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 20 Comparative Example 7
- a slurry of high-purity terephthalic acid and ethyl glycol is continuously supplied to the first esterification reactor containing the reactants in advance, and is stirred at about 250 ° C. and 150 kPa (0.5 kg / cm 2 G). The reaction was carried out with an average residence time of 3 hours. This reaction product was sent to the second esterification reactor, and the reaction was carried out with stirring at about 260 ° C. and 106 kPa (0.05 kg / cm 2 G) to a predetermined reactivity.
- crystalline germanium dioxide was dissolved in water by heating, and a catalyst solution in which ethylene glycol was added and heat-treated thereto and an ethylene glycol solution of phosphoric acid were separately and continuously supplied to the second esterification reactor.
- the esterification reaction product is continuously fed to the first polycondensation reactor, with stirring at about 265 ° C., 3300 Pa (25 torr) for 1 hour, then with the second polycondensation reactor with stirring at about 265 ° C.
- Polycondensation was carried out at 400 Pa (3 torr) for 1 hour and further at about 275 ° C. and 60 to 100 Pa (0.5 to 0.8 torr) with stirring in the final polycondensation reactor.
- the melt polycondensation reaction product was chipped.
- the obtained chip was subjected to solid state polymerization at 220 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 67 Pa (0.5 torr) using a rotary vacuum polymerization apparatus, and a polyester having an IV of 0.76 dL / g and an acid value of 5 equivalents / ton was obtained. I got a chip.
- a master batch containing 10000 ppm of silica particles was put into a vented twin screw extruder together with silica particles having an average particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m, melted and kneaded while degassing. Obtained.
- the obtained solid-phase-polymerized polyester chip, silica particle masterbatch, and the hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch used in Example 17 were dried to a moisture content of 17 ppm, and the film was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 to produce a film. .
- the results are shown in Table 5. It was recognized that a germanium catalyst had the same effect.
- Example 21 Comparative Example 8 ⁇ Manufacture of polyester (A)> Trimellitic acid titanate was added to a mixture of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol so that the residual amount of titanium element was 15 ppm, and an ester exchange reaction was performed according to a conventional method to obtain an oligomer mixture. Then, after adding 800 ppm of silica particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m, the temperature of the reaction system was gradually decreased to 13.3 Pa (0.1 Torr) while raising the temperature to 280 ° C. over 60 minutes, and further to 280 ° C. The polycondensation reaction was carried out at 13.3 Pa until the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the polyester was 0.55 dL / g.
- V intrinsic viscosity
- the resin under slight pressure is discharged into cold water in a strand form and rapidly cooled. After that, the resin is held in cold water for 20 seconds, and then cut to have an intrinsic viscosity of a cylinder shape having a length of about 3 mm and a diameter of about 2 mm ( A chip with IV) of 0.55 dL / g was obtained.
- the pellets obtained by the above melt polymerization were subjected to solid phase polymerization at 220 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 0.5 mmHg using a rotary vacuum polymerization apparatus.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV) was 0.75 dL / g, and the acid value was A chip of solid-phase-polymerized polyester (A) at 6 equivalents / ton was obtained.
- polyester (B) Using dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol as starting materials and germanium dioxide as a catalyst, a polyester (B) having an IV of 0.75 dL / g and an acid value of 6 equivalents / ton containing 1000 ppm of normal phosphoric acid was obtained.
- Example 21 the polyester (A), polyester (B), and the hindered phenol-containing masterbatch used in Example 17 were dried to a moisture content of 17 ppm, and a film was produced in the same manner as in Example 4.
- Comparative Example 8 a film was produced in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the hindered phenol-containing masterbatch was not used. The results are shown in Table 5. From Example 21 and Comparative Example 8, it was confirmed that there was an effect even when titanium was used as the catalyst.
- Example 22 (Preparation of fine particle-containing masterbatch) 50% by mass of the solid phase polymerized polyester resin composition chip used in Example 2 was dried to a moisture content of 17 ppm, and 50% by mass of rutile titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m (electron microscopic method) was mixed. . This mixture was supplied to a vent type twin screw extruder and kneaded and extruded at 275 ° C. while degassing to prepare a master batch (MB-I) containing rutile type titanium dioxide fine particles.
- MB-I master batch
- Resin composition chip of solid phase polyester used in Example 2: MB-I: MB-II was mixed so as to be 80: 12: 8 (mass%). This mixture, which had been dried to a moisture content of 18 ppm, was put into an extruder, mixed and melted at 280 ° C., and extruded onto a cooling drum adjusted to 30 ° C. using a T-die to produce an unstretched sheet. The obtained unstretched sheet was uniformly heated to 70 ° C. using a heating roll, and 3.3-fold roll stretching was performed at 90 ° C. The obtained uniaxially stretched film was led to a tenter, heated to 140 ° C.
- Example 23 A fine particle-containing masterbatch (MB-III) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 22 except that the resin composition of the solid phase polymerized polyester was changed to the resin composition of the solid phase polymerized polyester obtained in Example 3. .
- the same procedure as in Example 22 was performed except that the resin composition chip of the solid-phase polymerized polyester was changed to the one obtained in Example 3, and the fine particle-containing masterbatch (MB-I) was changed to (MB-III).
- a void-containing white film was obtained.
- Example 9 The same procedure as in Example 22 was carried out except that the resin composition of the solid-phase polymerized polyester was changed to a resin composition chip of solid-phase polymerized polyester produced for Examples 4 to 10 (containing no hindered phenol compound), A fine particle-containing masterbatch (MB-IV) was prepared.
- Example 22 is the same as Example 22 except that the resin composition chip of the solid-phase polymerized polyester is changed to the one produced for Examples 4 to 10 and the master batch containing fine particles (MB-I) is changed to (MB-IV). In the same manner, a void-containing white film was obtained.
- Example 24 A white film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 22 except that 70% by mass of the resin composition chip of solid phase polymerization polyester obtained in Example 3 and 30% by mass of MB-III were used.
- Example 25 A material for the layer (A) was prepared by mixing 50% by mass of the polyester resin composition chip obtained in Example 3 and 50% by mass of MB-III. The raw material composition of the film of Example 23 was used as the raw material for the layer (B).
- Reference example 1 The resin composition chip of solid-phase-polymerized polyester produced for Examples 4 to 10 (containing no hindered phenol compound) was used as the material for the A layer.
- the film raw material composition used in Example 7 was used as the material for the B layer.
- Each of these was put into separate extruders, mixed and melted at 280 ° C., and then the B layer was joined in a molten state on one side of the A layer using a feed block. At this time, the discharge rate ratio of the A layer and the B layer was controlled using a gear pump. Next, the sheet was extruded onto a cooling drum adjusted to 30 ° C. using a T-die to prepare an unstretched sheet so as to be an A / B / A layer.
- the obtained unstretched sheet was uniformly heated to 70 ° C. using a heating roll, and 3.3-fold roll stretching was performed at 90 ° C.
- the obtained uniaxially stretched film was led to a tenter, heated to 140 ° C. and transversely stretched 3.7 times, fixed in width and subjected to heat treatment at 220 ° C. for 5 seconds, and further at 220 ° C. in the width direction of 4%.
- a film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m (5/40/5) was obtained.
- the result of the weather resistance test (105 ° C., 300 hours) was 85%, which was not a problem, but was whitened because the surface was cracked from the beginning of elongation, and the appearance was not excellent.
- Reference example 2 In Reference Example 1, the raw materials of layer A and layer B were exchanged, and a film was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1.
- the result of the weather resistance test (105 ° C., 300 hours) was 55%, which was inferior in weather resistance. This is presumably because the core layer, which is the main part of the film, is inferior in weather resistance, so that elongation cannot be achieved with only a thin surface layer.
- the polyester films of the examples exhibit much higher hydrolysis resistance than the conventionally known low AV, high IV hydrolysis resistant polyester films (for example, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 6).
- reaction product was transferred to the polycondensation reaction layer, and silica particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m were added to the polyester so as to be 800 ppm.
- the reaction system was gradually depressurized while being heated and heated, and polymerization was carried out at 290 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 133 Pa (1 mmHg) to obtain a chip of IV 0.60 dL / g.
- solid polycondensation was performed at 220 ° C.
- the cyclic trimer (CT) content was 0.29% by mass.
- Examples 26-29, Comparative Examples 10, 11 A polyester resin composition in which 3 mol% of neopentyl glycol (NPG) was copolymerized was obtained according to the production of homo-PET.
- the intrinsic viscosity was 0.76 dL / g, and the acid value was 5 equivalents / ton.
- the obtained polyester resin composition chip and hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1 were dry blended. This mixture is dried to a moisture content of 17 ppm and supplied to the extruder.
- the maximum temperature of the resin up to the extruder melt section, kneading section, polymer tube, gear pump, and filter is 290 ° C, and the polymer tube thereafter is 285 ° C.
- the sheet was extruded from a die. Each of these polymers was filtered using a stainless steel sintered filter medium (nominal filtration accuracy 20 ⁇ m particles 95% cut). Further, the resin temperature of the flat die was set to 285 ° C.
- the extruded resin was wound around a casting drum having a surface temperature of 30 ° C. and cooled and solidified to produce an unstretched film.
- this unstretched film was heated to 100 ° C. with a heated roll group and an infrared heater, and then stretched 3.3 times in the longitudinal direction with a roll group having a difference in peripheral speed to obtain a uniaxially oriented PET film. Subsequently, the film was stretched 4.0 times in the width direction at 130 ° C. with a tenter, heat-set at 235 ° C., and further relaxed in the width direction at 200 ° C., and biaxially oriented with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m. A polyester film was obtained. The results are shown in Table 7.
- Comparative Example 12 A polyester resin composition in which 3 mol% of neopentyl glycol was copolymerized was obtained according to the production of homo-PET.
- a polyester film was produced using this polyester resin composition alone in the same manner as in Example 26, but the temperature was adjusted so that the resin pressure in each part of the film-forming process was equivalent to that in Example 28.
- the maximum resin temperature up to the extruder melting section, kneading section, polymer tube, gear pump, and filter was 300 ° C.
- the subsequent polymer tube was 290 ° C.
- Example 30 A polyester resin composition in which 3 mol% of isophthalic acid (IPA) was copolymerized was obtained according to the production of homo-PET. A polyester film was produced in the same manner as in Example 28 using the obtained polyester resin composition chip and the hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1. The results are shown in Table 8.
- IPA isophthalic acid
- Example 31 A polyester resin composition in which 3 mol% of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) was copolymerized was obtained according to the production of homo-PET. A polyester film was produced in the same manner as in Example 28 using the obtained polyester resin composition chip and the hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1. The results are shown in Table 8.
- CHDM 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol
- Examples 33-35 According to the production of homo-PET, a polyester resin composition was obtained by copolymerizing neopentyl glycol with 1.5 mol%, 5 mol%, and 10 mol%, respectively. Each polyester resin composition was dry blended with the hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1, and then a polyester film was produced in the same manner as in Example 28. In Example 35, the temperature was set to 225 ° C. to prevent clip adhesion at the heat fixing temperature. The results are shown in Table 8.
- Example 36 Homo PET chips are dried to a moisture content of 15 ppm, then put into a twin-screw extruder together with a hindered phenol compound (Irganox (R) 1010), melted and kneaded while decompressing with a vent, containing 50000 ppm of hindered phenol compound A master batch (hindered phenol compound-containing master batch 2) was obtained. A polyester film was produced in the same manner as in Example 28 except that this was used as a hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch. The results are shown in Table 9.
- a hindered phenol compound Irganox (R) 1010
- Example 37 A polyester resin composition in which 3 mol% of neopentyl glycol was copolymerized was obtained according to the production of homo-PET.
- the IV was 0.70 dL / g and the acid value was 6 equivalents / ton.
- a polyester film was produced in the same manner as in Example 3.
- the resin pressure in each part of the film-forming process was the same as in Example 3.
- the temperature was adjusted so that Specifically, the maximum resin temperature up to the melter, kneader, polymer tube, gear pump, and filter of the extruder was 288 ° C., and the subsequent polymer tube was 285 ° C.
- Table 9 Since the molecular weight was low, the weather resistance was inferior to that of Example 28, but it was at a level without any problem.
- Comparative Example 13 A polyester resin composition in which 3 mol% of neopentyl glycol was copolymerized was obtained according to the production of homo-PET. The IV value was 0.64 dL / g, and the acid value was 5 equivalents / ton. A polyester film was produced in the same manner as in Example 37, using the obtained polyester resin composition chip and the hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1. The results are shown in Table 9. The molecular weight was low and the weather resistance was poor.
- Comparative Example 14 A polyester resin composition in which 3 mol% of neopentyl glycol was copolymerized was obtained according to the production of homo-PET. The IV value was 0.76 dL / g, and the acid value was 23 equivalents / ton. A polyester film was produced in the same manner as in Example 28 using the obtained polyester resin composition chip and the hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1. The results are shown in Table 9. Since the acid value was high, the compatibility was poor.
- Example 38 Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was added to the polyester in a mixture of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol so as to be 120 ppm as Mg atoms in the polyester, and reacted at a temperature of 255 ° C. at normal pressure. Subsequently, antimony trioxide in an amount of 250 ppm in the polyester as Sb atoms, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate in an amount of 30 ppm in the polyester as Co atoms, and an amount of 150 ppm in the polyester as P atoms. Trimethyl phosphate was added and further reacted at a temperature of 260 ° C.
- reaction product was transferred to the polycondensation reaction layer, and a hindered phenol compound (Irganox 1330) was added to the polyester at 200 ppm, and silica particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m were added to the polyester at 800 ppm.
- a hindered phenol compound Irganox 1330
- silica particles having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m were added to the polyester at 800 ppm.
- the reaction system was gradually depressurized while being heated and heated, and polymerization was carried out at 290 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 133 Pa (1 mmHg) to obtain a chip of IV 0.60 dL / g.
- solid polycondensation was performed at 220 ° C.
- Example 39 An ethylene glycol solution of calcium acetate was added to a mixture of dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl isophthalate and ethylene glycol so that the residual calcium element was 200 ppm, and an ester exchange reaction was performed according to a conventional method to obtain an oligomer mixture. Trimethyl phosphoric acid was added to the oligomer mixture so that the residual amount of phosphorus element was 350 ppm, and the mixture was stirred at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere at normal pressure.
- a polycondensation catalyst a mixture of ethylene glycol solution of antimony trioxide / ethylene glycol solution of lithium acetate was added so that the residual amount of antimony element was 200 ppm and the residual amount of lithium element was 100 ppm.
- the mixture was stirred at 250 ° C. for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere at normal pressure. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction system is gradually decreased to 280 ° C. over 60 minutes to reduce the pressure of the reaction system to 13.3 Pa (0.1 Torr), and a polycondensation reaction is further performed at 280 ° C. and 13.3 Pa.
- a polyester chip of .58 dL / g was obtained.
- the chip obtained by the above melt polymerization was subjected to solid phase polymerization at 220 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 0.5 mmHg using a rotary vacuum polymerization apparatus, the intrinsic viscosity (IV) was 0.76 dL / g, and the acid value was A resin composition chip of copolymerized polyester at 5 equivalents / ton was obtained.
- a polyester film was produced in the same manner as in Example 28 using the obtained polyester resin composition chip and the hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1. The results are shown in Table 9.
- Example 40 (Preparation of fine particle-containing masterbatch)
- the resin composition chip of the copolyester used in Example 28 was dried to a moisture content of 17 ppm, 49.6% by mass, and 0.4% by mass of the hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1, with an average particle size of 0. 3% (electron microscopic method) of rutile type titanium dioxide 50% by mass was mixed.
- This mixture was supplied to a vent type twin screw extruder, kneaded and extruded at 275 ° C. while degassing to prepare a master batch (MB-IV) containing rutile titanium dioxide fine particles.
- MB-IV master batch
- Resin composition of solid-phase-polymerized polyester used in Example 28 Chip: hindered phenol compound-containing master batch 1: MB-IV: MB-V was mixed at 80: 0.32: 12: 8 (mass ratio) did.
- This mixture which had been dried to a moisture content of 18 ppm, was charged into an extruder, mixed and melted at 280 ° C., and extruded onto a cooling drum adjusted to 30 ° C. using a T-die to produce an unstretched sheet.
- the obtained unstretched sheet was uniformly heated to 70 ° C. using a heating roll, and 3.3-fold roll stretching was performed at 90 ° C.
- the obtained uniaxially stretched film was led to a tenter, heated to 140 ° C.
- Comparative Example 15 An m-cavity-containing white film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 40 except that the hindered phenol compound-containing master batch 1 was not added during production of the fine particle-containing master batch and during film formation. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Example 41 Resin composition of solid-phase-polymerized polyester used in Example 28 Chip: Hindered phenol compound-containing masterbatch 1: MB-IV was mixed at 70: 0.28: 30 (mass ratio). This mixture, which had been dried to a moisture content of 18 ppm, was put into an extruder, mixed and melted at 280 ° C., and extruded onto a cooling drum adjusted to 30 ° C. using a T-die to produce an unstretched sheet. The obtained unstretched sheet was uniformly heated to 70 ° C. using a heating roll, and 3.3-fold roll stretching was performed at 90 ° C. The obtained uniaxially stretched film was led to a tenter, heated to 140 ° C.
- the film of the example is combined with a barrier film, an electrical insulating film, a light reflective film, and the like as necessary, and then laminated.
- Solar cell cells such as crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon are sealed between the obtained back sheet and a surface member such as glass using a filler such as EVA to obtain a solar cell module.
- the obtained solar cell can achieve very high durability.
- the polyester film of the present invention has high weather resistance and is useful for various applications that require weather resistance, particularly hydrolysis resistance. Specific applications include solar cell front sheet (light-receiving surface) and back sheet (opposite to the light-receiving surface), motor insulation, condenser, etc., especially suitable for solar cell back sheet It is done.
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Abstract
Description
ヒンダードフェノール系化合物については、従来、射出成形等のエンジニアリングプラスチックの分野では酸化防止剤として添加することにより成形体の熱老化防止するという技術が広く知られている(特許文献11)。
一方、特許文献11のように酸化防止剤としてヒンダードフェノール系化合物を添加する方法では、成形品が高温に晒されてもその劣化を防止することを目的としているため添加量が多い。そのため、フィルムに適用した場合は、製膜中にダイのリップ周辺やチルロール、延伸ロール等のロール類を汚染し、長時間の安定した製膜が困難となる場合があった。さらには、安定剤がブリードアウトして例えば積層された太陽電池バックシートが層剥離する等の問題点が起きる場合があった。
従来技術のように、樹脂原料の段階で酸価を低くしても、フィルム製膜時の押出機内でかかる熱履歴により、ポリエステルの分解が進行し、酸価が僅かに増加する。特に、この傾向は分子量が大きく、高い固有粘度を有する樹脂原料に顕著である。溶融押出時に生じる酸価の上昇は僅かであっても、ポリエステル主鎖の分解は酸が触媒となるため、係る触媒作用により自己増殖的に分解が進行する。そのため、結果として長期間の使用において耐候性の低下をもたらす。このように、樹脂原料の溶融成型時に生じる僅かな酸価の上昇が長期の耐久性に大きな影響を与えることが分かった。
また、ヒンダードフェノール化合物を重合中に添加した場合等では、ヒンダードフェノール化合物がポリエステル中に取り込まれることもある。このようにポリエステル分子鎖中に取り込まれたヒンダードフェノール構造部分も対象に含める。
エチレングリコールの一部は重合中にジエチレングリコールとなり、ポリエステル中に組み込まれる。エチレングリコールとジエチレングリコールの合計含有量の下限は、好ましくは90mol%、より好ましくは95mol%、さらに好ましくは98mol%、特に好ましくは100mol%である。上記下限値未満であると物性低下、耐候性低下(脂肪族)となることがある。エチレングリコールとジエチレングリコールの合計含有量の上限は100mol%である。
以下、本発明の構成を説明する。
本発明で好ましく用いられる原料ポリエステルは、ジカルボン酸とジオール成分をエステル化反応(エステル化法)させるか、又はジカルボン酸のジメチルエステルをジオール成分と反応させるエステル交換反応(エステル交換法又はDMT法)させた後、減圧下で重縮合させる方法で製造することが出来る。
本発明では上述の通り、ポリエステルにさらにヒンダードフェノール化合物が添加されている。本発明ではこれら安定剤等を含み、ポリエステルと相溶した状態でポリエステルとしての機能を維持したり、ポリエステルを改質するための物質を添加したものをポリエステル樹脂組成物と称する。ヒンダードフェノール化合物を重合時に添加する場合は、重縮合直前の重縮合触媒添加時に添加することが好ましい。また、重縮合工程の途中で添加する場合は、エチレングリコールのスラリーとしてギアポンプ等で減圧を解除せず添加することも出来る。
フィルムを構成するフィルム樹脂組成物としては他に、紫外線吸収剤;滑材としての有機、無機粒子;酸化チタン、硫酸バリウム、カーボンブラック等の白色、黒色顔料;等を添加しても良い。
本発明のフィルムは、未延伸フィルム、一軸延伸フィルム、二軸延伸フィルムのいずれであっても良い。耐久性及び機械的強度の点から、特に二軸延伸フィルムであることが好ましい。
次に、本願発明の配向ポリエステルフィルムの製造方法について詳しく説明する。
フィルムに高い光反射性を付与する場合に、白色フィルムとすることも好ましい。その場合は、内部に微細な空洞を多数含有したものが、近赤外領域まで高い反射率を有するため好ましい。その場合の見かけ比重は0.7以上1.3以下、好ましくは0.9以上1.3以下、より好ましくは1.05以上1.2以下である。見かけ比重が0.7未満では、フィルムに腰がなく太陽電池モジュール作製時の加工が困難になる。見かけ比重が1.3を超えるフィルムであっても本発明のフィルムの範囲であるが、フィルム質量が大きいため太陽電池の軽量化を検討する場合の障害となる可能性がある。
実施例では、重合時又はマスターバッチで添加したヒンダードフェノールの量から算出した。
例えばイルガノックス(登録商標)1330を重合後の樹脂質量に対して200ppmの量重縮合開始時に添加した場合は、200/775.2(イルガノックス(登録商標)1330の分子量)×3((イルガノックス(登録商標)1330の1分子当たりのヒンダードフェノール構造の数)=0.77である。
試料を粉砕して乾燥した後、フェノール/1,1,2,2-テトラクロロエタンの6/4(質量比)混合溶媒に溶解した。この溶液に遠心分離処理を施して無機粒子や不要物(空洞含有フィルムの場合の空洞形成剤)を取り除いた後に、ウベローデ粘度計を用いて温度30℃にて測定した。また、試料の質量から、ポリエステル以外のものの分を引きポリエステルのみの質量で計算した。
ポリエステル0.1gを、メタノール2ml中で250℃で加熱分解した後、ガスクロマトグラフィーにより定量して求めた。
A.試料の調整
試料を粉砕し、70℃で24時間真空乾燥を行った後、天秤を用いて0.20±0.0005gの範囲に秤量する。そのときの質量をW(g)とする。試験管にベンジルアルコール10mlと秤量した試料を加え、試験管を205℃に加熱したベンジルアルコール浴に浸し、ガラス棒で攪拌しながら試料を溶解する。溶解時間を3分間、5分間、7分間としたときのサンプルをそれぞれA、B、Cとする。次いで、新たに試験管を用意し、ベンジルアルコールのみ入れ、同様の手順で処理し、溶解時間を3分間、5分間、7分間としたときのサンプルをそれぞれa、b、cとする。
予めファクターの分かっている0.04mol/l水酸化カリウム溶液(エタノール溶液)を用いて滴定する。指示薬はフェノールレッドを用い、黄緑色から淡紅色に変化したところを終点とし、水酸化カリウム溶液の滴定量(ml)を求める。サンプルA、B、Cの滴定量をXA、XB、XC(ml)とする。サンプルa、b、cの滴定量をXa、Xb、Xc(ml)とする。
各溶解時間に対しての滴定量XA、XB、XCを用いて、最小2乗法により、溶解時間0分での滴定量V(ml)を求める。同様にXa,Xb,Xcを用いて、滴定量V0(ml)を求める。次いで、次式に従いカルボキシル末端濃度を求めた。
酸価(当量/トン)=[(V-V0)×0.04×NF×1000]/W
NF:0.04mol/l水酸化カリウム溶液のファクター
W:試料質量(g)
なお、空洞含有フィルム等のように、ポリエステル以外のものが含まれる場合は、Wはその分を差し引いたポリエステルのみの質量である。
試料をヘキサフルオロイソプロパノ-ル/クロロフォルム混合液に溶解し、さらにクロロフォルムを加えて希釈する。これにメタノ-ルを加えてポリマーを沈殿させた後、濾過する。濾液を蒸発乾固し、ジメチルフォルムアミドで定容とし、液体クロマトグラフ法よりエチレンテレフタレ-ト単位から構成される環状3量体を定量した。
試料/蒸留水=1グラム/2mlを窒素置換したガラスアンプルに入れた上部を溶封し、160℃で2時間抽出処理を行い、冷却後抽出液中のアセトアルデヒドを高感度ガスクロマトグラフィーで測定し、濃度をppmで表示した。
なお、各実施例、比較例フィルムのAA含有量は15-23ppmの範囲であった。
フィルム([IV]i)を冷凍粉砕して20メッシュ以下の粉末にした。この粉末を130℃で12時間真空乾燥し、粉末300mgを内径約8mm、長さ約140mmのガラス試験管に入れ、70℃で12時間真空乾燥した。次いで、シリカゲルを入れた乾燥管を試験管上部につけて乾燥した空気下で、230℃の塩バスに浸漬して15分間加熱した後の[IV]f1を測定した。
TODは、下記のように求めた。ただし、[IV]i及び[IV]f1はそれぞれ加熱試験前と加熱試験後のIV(dL/g)を指す。冷凍粉砕は、フリーザーミル(米国スペックス社製、6750型)を用いて行った。専用セルに約2gのレジンチップ又はフィルムと専用のインパクターを入れた後、セルを装置にセットし液体窒素を装置に充填して約10分間保持し、次いでRATE10(インパクターが1秒間に約20回前後する)で5分間粉砕を行った。
TOD=0.245{[IV]f1(-1.47)-[IV]i(-1.47)}
水分率測定器(三菱化成製、VA-05型)を使用し、230℃で10分間の条件で、チップ1~2gに熱処理を行い、チップ中に含まれる水分を揮発させて、水分率を測定した。
耐加水分解性評価として、JIS C-60068-2-66で規格化されているHAST(Highly Accelerated temperature and humidity Stress Test)を行った。機器はエスペック社製EHS-221を用い、105℃、100%RH、0.03MPa下の条件で行った。
フィルムを70mm×190mmにカットし、治具を用いてフィルムを設置した。各フィルムは各々が接触しない距離を保ち設置した。105℃、100%RH、0.03MPaの条件下で200時間及び300時間処理を行った。処理前、処理後の破断伸度をJIS C-2318-1997 5.3.31(引張強さ及び伸び率)に準拠して測定し、下記式に従い破断伸度保持率を算出した。
破断伸度保持率(%)=[(処理後の破断伸度(%))/(処理前の破断伸度(%))]×100
フィルムを長手方向に、長さ200mm、幅10mmの短冊状サンプルを切り出して用いた。JISK-7127に規定された方法に従って、引っ張り試験器を用いて25℃、65%RHにて破断伸度を測定した。初期引っ張りチャック間距離は100mmとし、引っ張り速度は300m/分とした。測定はサンプルを変更して20回行い、その破断伸度の平均値(X)を求めた。また、長さ200mm、幅10mmの短冊状サンプルをギアオーブンに入れ、160℃の雰囲気下で放置した後、自然冷却し、このサンプルについて前記と同条件での引っ張り試験を20回行い、その破断伸度の平均値(Y)を求めた。得られた破断伸度の平均値(X)、(Y)から伸度保持率を次式で求めた。
伸度保持率(%)=(Y/X)×100
伸度保持率が50%以下となるまでの熱処理時間を求め、破断伸度保持率半減期とした。
試料を灰化/酸溶解後、高周波プラズマ発光分析又は原子吸光分析により求めた。
フィルムを10cm×10cmの正方形に正確に切り出し、その厚みを50点測定して平均厚みt(単位μm)を求めた。次にサンプルの質量を0.1mgまで測定し、w(単位g)とした。そして、下式によって見かけ比重を計算した。
見かけ比重(-)=(w/t)×10000
白色度JIS-L1015-1981-B法により、日本電色工業(株)Z-1001DPを用いて行った
製膜後のダイリップ周辺、冷却ロール、各位置の搬送ロール、延伸ロールの汚れ程度を目視により観測し、A、B、Cの3段階で評価した。
A:ヒンダードフェノール不含有ポリエステルと同等。
B:リップ周辺に若干の付着物増加がある、ロールの一部に若干の曇りが認められる。
C:明らかにリップ周辺に付着物増加がある、ロールに曇りが認められる等、操業性低下させる可能性がある。
重合時に所定の共重合比となるよう、共重合モノマー組成を調整することにより行った。なお、得られたポリエステルを重クロロホルム:トリフルオロ酢酸=9:1(体積比)の混合溶媒に溶解して1H-NMR(BRUKER社製、NMR、AVANCE500)で測定し、所定の量の成分が共重合されていることを確認した。
フィルムを幅10mm、長さ250mmのサイズに、長辺(250mm)がそれぞれ長手方向、幅方向と一致する方向に沿ってカットし、200mm間隔で印をつけ、5gの一定張力で間隔Aを測った。続いて、無荷重で、150℃の雰囲気のオーブン中で30分間放置した。フィルムをオーブンから取り出し室温まで冷却した後、印の間隔Bを5gの一定張力下で求め、以下の式により熱収縮率を求めた。
なお、フィルムの150℃における熱収縮率は、フィルム幅方向に100mm間隔で測定し、サンプル3点の平均値を小数第3位の桁で四捨五入し、小数第2位の桁に丸め使用し、長手方向、幅方向で値の大きい方向の値を用いた。
熱収縮率(%)=[(A-B)/A]×100
テレフタル酸とエチレングリコールの混合物中に、酢酸マグネシウム四水塩をポリエステル中にMg原子として120ppmとなるように加え、常圧にて温度255℃で反応させた。その後Sb原子としてポリエステル中に250ppmとなるような量の三酸化アンチモン及びCo原子としてポリエステル中に30ppmとなるような量の酢酸コバルト四水塩、P原子としてポリエステル中に150ppmとなるような量のトリメチルホスフェートを加えさらに温度260℃で反応させた。
結果を表1に示した。
ヒンダードフェノール化合物を添加しないこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、IV0.76dL/g、酸価5当量/トンの固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを得た。さらにこのチップを水分率15ppmまで乾燥した後、ヒンダードフェノール化合物と共に二軸押出機に投入してベントで減圧しながら溶融混練してヒンダードフェノール化合物50000ppmを含有するマスターバッチを得た。
重縮合時にヒンダードフェノール化合物を添加せず重縮合反応を行い、さらには固相重合時間を長くする以外は実施例1~3と同じにして重縮合反応を行い、固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを得た。さらに実施例1と同様にPETフィルムを製造したが、フィルム製膜工程各部での樹脂圧が実施例3と同等になるよう温度調整を行った。具体的には、押出機溶融部、混練り部、ポリマー管、ギアポンプ、フィルターまでの樹脂最高温度は300℃、その後のポリマー管では290℃とした。
添加するヒンダードフェノール化合物及び添加量を変えた以外は実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表3に示した。
溶融重合でIV0.55dL/gのポリエステルを製造し、さらに固相重合を行ってIV0.68dL/g、酸価6当量/トンの固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを得た。他は実施例3と同様に行った。
固相重合時間を長くする以外は実施例3と同じにして重縮合反応を行い、固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを得た。さらに実施例3と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造したが、フィルム製膜工程各部での樹脂圧が実施例3と同等になるよう温度調整を行った。具体的には、押出機溶融部、混練り部、ポリマー管、ギアポンプ、フィルターまでの樹脂最高温度は305℃、その後のポリマー管では290℃とした。酸価は若干高くなったものの分子量が維持されているため、耐候性は優れたものであった。結果を表3に示した。
溶融重合でIV0.68dL/gのポリエステルを製造し、さらに固相重合を行ってIV0.76dL/g、酸価23当量/トンの固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを得た。他は実施例3と同様に行った。
結果を表3に示した。ヒンダードフェノール構造は含有されているが、酸価が高く、耐候性に劣るものであった。
溶融重合でIV0.52dL/gのポリエステルを製造し、さらに固相重合を行ってIV0.64dL/g、酸価5当量/トンの固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを得た。他は実施例3と同様に行った。
結果を表3に示した。ヒンダードフェノール構造は含有されているが、固有粘度が低く、耐候性は不十分であった。
表4のヒンダードフェノール化合物からマスターバッチを製造し、フィルム製造時のヒンダードフェノール化合物の添加量を変える以外は実施例4と同様に行った。ヒンダードフェノール化合物を変えても同等の効果が認められた。
ジメチルテレフタレートとエチレングリコールの混合物に、カルシウム元素の残存が200ppmになるように酢酸カルシウムのエチレングリコール溶液を添加して、常法に従ってエステル交換反応を行い、オリゴマー混合物を得た。このオリゴマー混合物にリン元素の残存量が350ppmになるようにトリメチルリン酸を添加し、窒素雰囲気下、常圧にて200℃で10分間攪拌した。その後、重縮合触媒として、三酸化アンチモンのエチレングリコール溶液/酢酸リチウムのエチレングリコール溶液の混合物をアンチモン元素の残存量が200ppm、リチウム元素の残存量が100ppmとなるように添加した。次いで、窒素雰囲気下、常圧にて250℃で10分間攪拌した。その後、60分間かけて280℃まで昇温しつつ反応系の圧力を徐々に下げて13.3Pa(0.1Torr)として、さらに280℃、13.3Pa下で重縮合反応を行い、IVが0.58dL/gのポリエステルチップを得た。
実施例19では重縮合触媒の添加と同時にヒンダードフェノール化合物を添加した。実施例1と同様にフィルムを製造した。
予め反応物を含有している第1エステル化反応器に、高純度テレフタル酸とエチルグリコールとのスラリーを連続的に供給し、撹拌下、約250℃、150kPa(0.5kg/cm2G)で平均滞留時間3時間反応を行った。この反応物を第2エステル化反応器に送付し、撹拌下、約260℃、106kPa(0.05kg/cm2G)で所定の反応度まで反応を行った。また、結晶性二酸化ゲルマニウムを水に加熱溶解し、これにエチレングリコールを添加加熱処理した触媒溶液及び燐酸のエチレングリコール溶液を別々にこの第2エステル化反応器に連続的に供給した。このエステル化反応生成物を連続的に第1重縮合反応器に供給し、撹拌下、約265℃、3300Pa(25torr)で1時間、次いで第2重縮合反応器で撹拌下、約265℃、400Pa(3torr)で1時間、さらに最終重縮合反応器で撹拌下、約275℃、60~100Pa(0.5~0.8torr)で1時間重縮合させた。溶融重縮合反応物をチップ化した。引き続いて得られたチップを、回転型真空重合装置を用いて67Pa(0.5torr)の減圧下、220℃で固相重合を行い、IV0.76dL/g、酸価5当量/トンのポリエステルのチップを得た。
結果を表5に示した。ゲルマニウム触媒であっても同様の効果があることが認められた。
<ポリエステル(A)の製造>
ジメチルテレフタレートとエチレングリコールの混合物に、チタン元素の残存量が15ppmになるようにトリメリット酸チタネートを添加して、常法に従ってエステル交換反応を行い、オリゴマー混合物を得た。その後、平均粒径1.0μmのシリカ粒子800ppmを添加した後、60分間かけて280℃まで昇温しつつ反応系の圧力を徐々に下げて13.3Pa(0.1Torr)として、さらに280℃、13.3Pa下でポリエステルの固有粘度(IV)が0.55dL/gになるまで重縮合反応を行った。放圧に続き、微加圧下のレジンを冷水にストランド状に吐出して急冷し、その後20秒間冷水中で保持した後、カッティングして長さ約3mm、直径約2mmのシリンダー形状の固有粘度(IV)が0.55dL/gのチップを得た。
上記の溶融重合によって得たペレットを、回転型真空重合装置を用いて0.5mmHgの減圧下、220℃で固相重合を行い、固有粘度(IV)が、0.75dL/g、酸価が6当量/トンの固相重合ポリエステル(A)のチップを得た。
テレフタル酸ジメチルとエチレングリコールを出発原料とし、二酸化ゲルマニウムを触媒として、正リン酸1000ppmを含むIV0.75dL/g、酸価6当量/トンのポリエステル(B)を得た。
比較例8ではヒンダードフェノール含有マスターバッチを使用しない以外は実施例21と同様にしてフィルムを製造した。
結果は表5に示した。実施例21、比較例8より、チタンを触媒に用いた場合であっても効果があることが確認された。
(微粒子含有マスターバッチの作製)
実施例2で用いた固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを水分率17ppmまで乾燥させたもの50質量%に、平均粒径0.3μm(電顕法)のルチル型二酸化チタン50質量%を混合した。この混合物をベント式2軸押し出し機に供給して、混練りして脱気しながら275℃で押出し、ルチル型二酸化チタン微粒子含有マスターバッチ(MB-I)を調製した。
原料として、メルトフローレート1.5のポリスチレン(日本ポリスチ社製、G797N)20質量%、メルトフローレート3.0の気相法重合ポリプロピレン(出光石油化学製、F300SP)20質量%、及びメルトフローレート180のポリメチルペンテン(三井化学製:TPX DX-820)60質量%をペレット混合し、2軸押し出し機に供給して十分に混練りし、空洞形成剤を調製した(MB-II)。
固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物を、実施例3で得られた固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物に変更した以外は実施例22と同様に行い、微粒子含有マスターバッチ(MB-III)を調製した。
固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを、実施例3で得られた物に変更し、微粒子含有マスターバッチ(MB-I)を(MB-III)に変更した以外は実施例22と同様に行い、空洞含有白色フィルムを得た。
固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物を、実施例4~10のために製造した固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップ(ヒンダードフェノール化合物不含有)に変更した以外は実施例22と同様に行い、微粒子含有マスターバッチ(MB-IV)を調製した。
固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを、実施例4~10のために製造した物に変更し、微粒子含有マスターバッチ(MB-I)を(MB-IV)に変更した以外は実施例22と同様に行い、空洞含有白色フィルムを得た。
実施例3で得られた固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップ70質量%とMB-IIIを30質量%として実施例22と同様に白色フィルムを得た。
実施例3で得られたポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップ50質量%とMB-IIIを50質量%とを混合して(A)層の原料を調製した。実施例23のフィルムの原料組成を(B)層の原料とした。(A)層の原料と(B)層の原料をそれぞれ別々の押出機に投入し、280℃で混合、溶融し、続いてフィードブロックを用い、A層の片面にB層を溶融状態で接合した。このとき、A層とB層の吐出量比率は、ギアポンプを用いて制御した。次いでT-ダイを用いて30℃に調節された冷却ドラム上に押し出し、A/B/A層となるように未延伸シートを作製した。
得られた未延伸シートを、加熱ロールを用いて70℃に均一加熱し、90℃で3.3倍ロール延伸を行った。得られた1軸延伸フィルムをテンターに導き、140℃に加熱して3.7倍に横延伸し、幅固定して220℃で5秒間の熱処理を施し、更に220℃で幅方向に4%緩和させることにより、厚み188μm(19/150/19)の空洞含有白色フィルムを得た。
実施例22~25、比較例9の結果を表6に示した。
実施例4~10のために製造した固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップ(ヒンダードフェノール化合物不含有)をA層の材料とした。実施例7で用いたフィルム原料組成をB層の材料とした。これらをそれぞれ別々の押出機に投入し、280℃で混合、溶融し、続いてフィードブロックを用い、A層の片面にB層を溶融状態で接合した。このとき、A層とB層の吐出量比率は、ギアポンプを用いて制御した。次いでT-ダイを用いて30℃に調節された冷却ドラム上に押し出し、A/B/A層となるように未延伸シートを作成した。
得られた未延伸シートを、加熱ロールを用いて70℃に均一加熱し、90℃で3.3倍ロール延伸を行った。得られた1軸延伸フィルムをテンターに導き、140℃に加熱して3.7倍に横延伸し、幅固定して220℃で5秒間の熱処理を施し、更に220℃で幅方向に4%緩和させることにより、厚み50μm(5/40/5)のフィルムを得た。
耐候性試験(105℃、300時間)の結果は85%で問題のない物であったが、伸長当初から表面にクラックが入ったためか白化し、外見は優れないものであった。
参考例1とはA層とB層の原料を交換し、参考例1と同様にフィルムを得た。
耐候性試験(105℃、300時間)の結果は55%で耐候性に劣るものであった。これは、フィルムの主であるコア層が耐候性に劣るため、薄い表層のみでは伸度が達成できないためと考えられる。
テレフタル酸とエチレングリコールの混合物中に酢酸マグネシウム四水塩をポリエステル中にMg原子として120ppmとなるように加え、常圧にて温度255℃で反応させた。その後Sb原子としてポリエステル中に250ppmとなるような量の三酸化アンチモン、Co原子としてポリエステル中に30ppmとなるような量の酢酸コバルト四水塩、P原子としてポリエステル中に150ppmとなるような量のトリメチルホスフェートを加えさらに温度260℃で反応させた。
ホモPETのチップを水分率15ppmまで乾燥した後、ヒンダードフェノール化合物(イルガノックス(登録商標)1330)と共に二軸押出機に投入してベントで減圧しながら溶融混練してヒンダードフェノール化合物50000ppmを含有するマスターバッチを得た。
ホモPETの製造に準じ、ネオペンチルグリコール(NPG)を3mol%共重合させたポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。固有粘度0.76dL/g、酸価5当量/トンであった。
ホモPETの製造に準じ、ネオペンチルグリコールを3mol%共重合させたポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。このポリエステル樹脂組成物単独で実施例26と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造したが、フィルム製膜工程各部での樹脂圧が実施例28と同等になるよう温度調整を行った。具体的には、押出機溶融部、混練り部、ポリマー管、ギアポンプ、フィルターまでの樹脂最高温度は300℃、その後のポリマー管では290℃とした。
ホモPETの製造に準じ、イソフタル酸(IPA)を3mol%共重合させたポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。得られたポリエステル樹脂組成物のチップとヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1を用い、実施例28と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造した。結果を表8に示した。
ホモPETの製造に準じ、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール(CHDM)を3mol%共重合させたポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。得られたポリエステル樹脂組成物のチップとヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1を用い、実施例28と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造した。結果を表8に示す。
ホモPET、ポリエチレンナフタレート(IV=6.5dL/g、AV=6)及びヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1をドライブレンドした後、実施例28と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造した。結果を表8に示した。なお、NDCはナフタレンジカルボン酸成分であることを示す。
ホモPETの製造に準じ、ネオペンチルグリコールをそれぞれ1.5mol%、5mol%、10mol%共重合させたポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。このポリエステル樹脂組成物をそれぞれヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1とドライブレンドした後、実施例28と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造した。なお、実施例35では熱固定温時のクリップ付着防止のため、温度を225℃とした。結果は表8に示す。
ホモPETのチップを水分率15ppmまで乾燥した後、ヒンダードフェノール化合物(イルガノックス(R)1010)と共に二軸押出機に投入してベントで減圧しながら溶融混練してヒンダードフェノール化合物50000ppmを含有するマスターバッチ(ヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ2)を得た。
ヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチとしてこれを用いた以外は実施例28と同様にしてポリエステルフィルムを製造した。結果は表9に示す。
ホモPETの製造に準じ、ネオペンチルグリコールを3mol%共重合させたポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。IV0.70dL/g、酸価6当量/トンであった。得られたポリエステル樹脂組成物のチップとヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1を用い、実施例3と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造したが、フィルム製膜工程各部での樹脂圧が実施例3と同等になるよう温度調整を行った。具体的には、押出機熔融部、混練り部、ポリマー管、ギアポンプ、フィルターまでの樹脂最高温度は288℃、その後のポリマー管では285℃とした。結果は表9に示す。分子量が低いため耐候性は実施例28には劣る結果であったが全く問題のないレベルであった。
ホモPETの製造に準じ、ネオペンチルグリコールを3mol%共重合させたポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。IV0.64dL/g、酸価5当量/トンであった。得られたポリエステル樹脂組成物のチップとヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1を用い、実施例37と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造した。結果は表9に示す。分子量が低く、耐候性に劣るものであった。
ホモPETの製造に準じ、ネオペンチルグリコールを3mol%共重合させたポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。IV0.76dL/g、酸価23当量/トンであった。得られたポリエステル樹脂組成物のチップとヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1を用い、実施例28と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造した。結果は表9に示す。酸価が高いため、対応性に劣るものであった。
テレフタル酸とエチレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコールの混合物中に酢酸マグネシウム四水塩をポリエステル中にMg原子として120ppmとなるように加え、常圧にて温度255℃で反応させた。その後Sb原子としてポリエステル中に250ppmとなるような量の三酸化アンチモン、Co原子としてポリエステル中に30ppmとなるような量の酢酸コバルト四水塩、P原子としてポリエステル中に150ppmとなるような量のトリメチルホスフェートを加えさらに温度260℃で反応させた。
得られたポリエステル樹脂組成物チップを水分率17ppmまで乾燥させた後、実施例26と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造した。結果は表9に示す。ポリエステルの重縮合時にヒンダードフェノール化合物を添加しても、同様の耐候性の高いものが得られた。
ジメチルテレフタレート、ジメチルイソフタレートとエチレングリコールの混合物に、カルシウム元素の残存が200ppmになるように酢酸カルシウムのエチレングリコール溶液を添加して、常法に従ってエステル交換反応を行い、オリゴマー混合物を得た。このオリゴマー混合物にリン元素の残存量が350ppmになるようにトリメチルリン酸を添加し、窒素雰囲気下、常圧にて200℃で10分間攪拌した。その後、重縮合触媒として、三酸化アンチモンのエチレングリコール溶液/酢酸リチウムのエチレングリコール溶液の混合物をアンチモン元素の残存量が200ppm、リチウム元素の残存量が100ppmとなるように添加した。次いで、窒素雰囲気下、常圧にて250℃で10分間攪拌した。その後、60分間かけて280℃まで昇温しつつ反応系の圧力を徐々に下げて13.3Pa(0.1Torr)として、さらに280℃、13.3Pa下で重縮合反応を行い、IVが0.58dL/gのポリエステルチップを得た。
得られたポリエステル樹脂組成物のチップとヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1を用い、実施例28と同様にポリエステルフィルムを製造した。結果を表9に示す。
(微粒子含有マスターバッチの作製)
実施例28で用いた共重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップを水分率17ppmまで乾燥させたもの49.6質量%及びヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1の0.4質量%に、平均粒径0.3μm(電顕法)のルチル型二酸化チタン50質量%を混合した。この混合物をベント式2軸押し出し機に供給して、混練りして脱気しながら275℃で押出し、ルチル型二酸化チタン微粒子含有マスターバッチ(MB-IV)を調製した。
原料として、メルトフローレート1.5のポリスチレン(日本ポリスチ社製、G797N)20質量%、メルトフローレート3.0の気相法重合ポリプロピレン(出光石油化学製、F300SP)20質量%、及びメルトフローレート180のポリメチルペンテン(三井化学製:TPX DX-820)60質量%ペレット混合し、2軸押し出し機に供給して十分に混練りし、空洞形成剤を調製した(MB-V)。
微粒子含有マスターバッチ製造時及び製膜時にヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1を添加しないこと以外は実施例40と同様にしてm空洞含有白色フィルムを得た。結果を表10に示す。
実施例28で用いた固相重合ポリエステルの樹脂組成物チップ:ヒンダードフェノール化合物含有マスターバッチ1:MB-IVを70:0.28:30(質量比)となるよう混合した。この混合物を、水分率18ppmまで乾燥したものを押出機に投入し、280℃で混合、溶融し、T-ダイを用いて30℃に調節された冷却ドラム上に押し出し未延伸シートを作製した。得られた未延伸シートを、加熱ロールを用いて70℃に均一加熱し、90℃で3.3倍ロール延伸を行った。得られた1軸延伸フィルムをテンターに導き、140℃に加熱して3.7倍に横延伸し、幅固定して220℃で5秒間の熱処理を施し、更に220℃で幅方向に4%緩和させることにより、厚み188μm白色フィルムを得た。結果を表10に示す。
Claims (16)
- ポリエステル樹脂組成物からなるポリエステルフィルムであって、
フィルムを構成するポリエステル樹脂組成物中、ヒンダードフェノール構造単位を0.03~6.7当量/トン含み、
フィルムを構成するポリエステルの酸価が25当量/トン未満、
フィルムを構成するポリエステルの固有粘度が0.64dL/g超0.90dL/g以下であることを特徴とする耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。 - 前記ポリエステルが、酸成分としてテレフタル酸及び/又はナフタレンジカルボン酸を含み、前記テレフタル酸及びナフタレンジカルボン酸の合計含有量が全酸成分に対して90mol%以上であり、かつ、
グリコール成分としてエチレングリコール及び/又はジエチレングリコールを含み、前記エチレングリコール及びジエチレングリコールの合計含有量が全グリコール成分に対して90mol%以上である請求項1に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。 - 前記ポリエステルが、ホモポリエチレンテレフタレートもしくはホモポリエチレンナフタレートである請求項1又は2に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ポリエステルが、エチレンテレフタレートを主構成成分とする共重合体であって、テレフタル酸以外の酸成分含有量が全酸成分に対して7mol%以下、及び/又は、エチレングリコール以外のグリコール成分含有量が全グリコール成分に対して7mol%以下である請求項1又は2に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ポリエステルが、ポリエステルを構成するテレフタル酸以外の酸成分とエチレングリコール以外のグリコール成分の合計含有量が、全酸成分及び全グリコール成分の合計に対して、7mol%以下である請求項4に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂組成物が、OH基及びカルボキシル基以外のこれら(OH基もしくはカルボキシル基)と反応する置換基を持つ化合物を実質含まない請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂組成物中のポリエステル含有量が、90質量%を超える請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- フィルムを構成するポリエステル樹脂組成物の耐熱酸化分解パラメーター(TOD)が、0.25以下である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ポリエステルが、アルミニウム化合物、アンチモン化合物、ゲルマニウム化合物及びチタン化合物よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を重合触媒として用いて重合されたものである請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ポリエステルが、Ge原子換算で10ppm以上200ppm以下のゲルマニウム化合物、Ti原子換算で1ppm以上30ppm以下のチタン化合物又はSb原子換算で50ppm以上400ppm以下のアンチモン化合物を重合触媒として用いて重合されたものである請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ポリエステルが、カルシウム化合物、アンチモン化合物、リチウム化合物及びリン化合物を重合触媒として用いて重合されたものである請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- フィルムの見かけ比重が、0.7~1.3である請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂組成物が、ヒンダードフェノール化合物を10ppm以上200ppm未満含有する請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 前記ヒンダードフェノール化合物が、フィルム成膜時に、ポリエステル樹脂組成物に添加されたものである請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 太陽電池バックシート用、太陽電池フロントシート用又は電気絶縁用である請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の耐加水分解性ポリエステルフィルム。
- 請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載のポリエステルフィルムが、受光面又は受光面とは反対側の少なくともいずれかに積層されていることを特徴とする太陽電池。
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TW201213389A (en) | 2012-04-01 |
EP2607427A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
US20130139883A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
EP2607427A4 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
EP2607427B1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
KR101865429B1 (ko) | 2018-06-07 |
US9714349B2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
CN103068918A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
CN103068918B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
KR20130079485A (ko) | 2013-07-10 |
TWI545144B (zh) | 2016-08-11 |
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