WO2011088750A1 - 一种韧皮麻纤维制作生产线 - Google Patents

一种韧皮麻纤维制作生产线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011088750A1
WO2011088750A1 PCT/CN2011/000101 CN2011000101W WO2011088750A1 WO 2011088750 A1 WO2011088750 A1 WO 2011088750A1 CN 2011000101 W CN2011000101 W CN 2011000101W WO 2011088750 A1 WO2011088750 A1 WO 2011088750A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller
fiber
frame
rollers
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/000101
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郝新敏
张国君
高明斋
仇美君
高超
宁民柱
Original Assignee
汉麻产业投资控股有限公司
中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所
宁波宜科科技实业股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 汉麻产业投资控股有限公司, 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所, 宁波宜科科技实业股份有限公司 filed Critical 汉麻产业投资控股有限公司
Priority to US13/574,759 priority Critical patent/US8650717B2/en
Publication of WO2011088750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011088750A1/zh

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01CCHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00Treatment of vegetable material
    • D01C1/02Treatment of vegetable material by chemical methods to obtain bast fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01BMECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G1/00Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
    • D01G1/06Converting tows to slivers or yarns, e.g. in direct spinning
    • D01G1/08Converting tows to slivers or yarns, e.g. in direct spinning by stretching or abrading
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02Carding machines
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G19/00Combing machines
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G21/00Combinations of machines, apparatus, or processes, e.g. for continuous processing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to hemp fiber processing equipment, and more particularly to a bast fiber production line. Background technique
  • China is a big country in the export of chemical fiber, cotton, textiles and garments, and is a major producer of textiles.
  • hemp fiber in natural fiber is the most promising. Except for ramie, linen, jute and marijuana, other hemp (sisal, abaca, etc.) fiber is mostly used in industrial packaging materials such as hemp rope and sack. .
  • the planting area of flax fiber crops is about 3 million mu, and its planting area has surpassed that of France, England and Russia.
  • China's average yield and yield are low, which is about 50% lower than the average output of developed countries.
  • Cannabis is a traditionally planted hemp crop in China.
  • the fiber yield is higher than that of ramie and flax.
  • the hemp fiber has excellent moisture absorption, natural antibacterial health, soft and comfortable, anti-UV, sound absorption, odor absorption, etc. Textiles have a unique style and are very popular in the European and American clothing market.
  • the main bottlenecks and constraints of current hemp fiber processing are as follows: (1) Cannabis cultivation: Hemp fiber for different purposes, different from cannabis cultivation and harvesting Requirements. (2) Preparation of hemp bast fiber: Separation of hemp and hemp. In the traditional processing of China, the separation of the leather rod is labor-intensive processing, that is, the hand-peeling process, which greatly limits the processing efficiency and increases the labor cost.
  • an object of the present invention is to improve an apparatus to provide a new production line for phloem fibers.
  • a production line for bast-hemp fiber production including based on anaesthesia, cutting, degumming, high-temperature rinsing, fiber washing, rinsing, softening, drying, softening, infiltration
  • the cutting device comprises a "door" type frame, and a motor is arranged on one side of the frame, and the motor is driven by a transmission mechanism.
  • the degumming device comprises a mechanical degumming device, a biological degumming device and a high temperature cooking degumming device, wherein the high temperature cooking degumming device is also used for high temperature rinsing; the fiberizing water washing device comprises a frame.
  • a circulating perforated conveying track is arranged on the frame, and a feeding roller, a pressure roller, a plurality of spaced tapers and a de-serial roller are arranged in the upper part of the crawler, and a bundling plate is arranged between the beater and the splitting roller, and the oblique upper setting is arranged
  • a high-pressure nozzle a sump is arranged under the crawler, and an end of the crawler is provided with a arranging mechanism
  • the splicing and combing device comprises a cutting mechanism, a bundling device, a comb box and a sliver, which are arranged in sequence
  • the raking mechanism comprises a feeding board at the input end of the rack and a feeding roller driven by the motor, a plurality of sets of pulling units are disposed in front of the feeding roller output end, and each of the pulling units is provided with two supporting rollers that rotate synchronously, and The support roller speed of the front pull unit is greater than the support roller rotation of the
  • the central shaft of the pressing roller is provided with a pressing device for connecting the frame, and one end of the two supporting rollers Connected to the transmission mechanism, the bottoms of the two support rollers are supported on a moving device;
  • the combing and dividing device comprises a feeding mechanism, a nipper mechanism, a carding mechanism, a pulling and separating mechanism, a winding mechanism, a cleaning mechanism,
  • the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding frame, a guide bar, a guide roller, a supporting plate, a pressing roller, a feeding roller, a feeding box;
  • the carding mechanism comprises a round comb and a top comb, and the circular comb bar Arranged in a circumferential range of 0 to 270 °, and the density of the needle bar gradually increases in the direction of rotation, and the fineness gradually decreases;
  • the extraction and separation mechanism includes a drawing car, a pulling roller, a pulling plate, a breaking knife, and the drawing car Mounted on an adjusting frame, a side of
  • the mechanical degumming device comprises a feeding zone, a mechanical clamping zone, a beating and removing zone, a discharging zone and a decontamination device
  • the mechanical clamping zone comprises two rows of upper and lower rows arranged by a driving motor, wherein the upper part is arranged in pairs
  • the tops of the two ends of the row of rollers are respectively provided with a pressure control device
  • the tapping and removing area includes a conveyor belt which is filled with the through holes, and at least two upper slap rollers are disposed above the upper belt of the conveyor belt, and at least the upper belt and the lower belt of the conveyor belt are disposed at least There is a lower tapping roller, and the lower tapping roller is located between the two upper flapping rollers in the conveying direction.
  • the biological degumming device comprises an inoculation system, a biological fermentation system and a sterilization system
  • both the inoculation system and the biological fermentation system comprise a master cylinder with a lid, a hot water tank and a main pump, and the liquid of the main cylinder a port is connected to the liquid inlet of the main pump, the liquid inlet of the master cylinder is connected to the liquid outlet of the main pump through a compressed air pump;
  • the inner wall of the master cylinder is provided with a twisted coil, the coil The two ends are respectively connected to the water inlet and the water outlet of the hot water tank through a pipeline, wherein one of the pipelines is provided with a water pump;
  • the sterilization system comprises a barrel-shaped sterilization master cylinder, The lower part of the sterilization master cylinder is provided with a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet is connected to a main pump, the water outlet of the main pump is connected to a heat exchange device, and the water outlet of the heat exchange device is connected to the lower part of the sterilization master
  • a liquid inlet, a filter plate filled with perforations is disposed at an inner lower portion of the sterilization master cylinder, and a sub-cylinder is disposed outside the sterilization main cylinder; the inoculation system, the biological fermentation system, and the sterilization
  • the main cylinder of the system There opposite threading means.
  • the high-temperature cooking degumming device comprises a barrel-shaped master cylinder with a lid, a yarn-hanging device is arranged in the master cylinder, a main pump is arranged outside the master cylinder, and a water inlet of the main pump is connected to the master cylinder The water outlet of the main pump is connected to a heat exchange device, and the outside of the master cylinder is connected to a secondary cylinder for chemical auxiliary through a pipeline having a valve.
  • the hanging device is a plurality of hanging creels connected in parallel or in series, each hanging frame comprises a hollow column, the top of the hollow column is closed, and a spreader is arranged, the left and right sides of the hollow column are a plurality of layers of hollow beams communicating with the hollow column are arranged symmetrically from top to bottom, and the outer ends of each of the hollow beams on each side are integrally connected by the same support column, and the top first layer and the two hollow beams are connected a plurality of hanging rods communicating with the hollow beam are disposed at intervals, each of the hanging rods is provided with a plurality of holes in the upper half thereof, and each of the hollow beams of the second layer and below is spaced apart from the hollow beam.
  • a spray bar corresponding to the corresponding hanging rod the spray rod side is provided with a plurality of spray holes, and the bottom of the hollow column and the support column is connected with a mesh frame of the creel, the hollow column
  • the end is provided with a liquid inlet
  • the two supporting columns are provided with a surrounding outer cylinder
  • the outer cylinder is four creel baffles symmetrically pivotally connected to the two supporting pillars, the yoke blocking
  • the board is covered with water holes; when multiple hanging When the frame is connected in series, the top of the hollow column of the uppermost creel is closed, and the tops of the hollow columns of the following creels are open and collimated, and the bottom end of the hollow column of the lowermost creel is provided with a liquid inlet, and each layer is hung.
  • a cover body is arranged between the creels; when a plurality of hanging creels are placed in parallel, the liquid inlets provided at the bottom ends of the hollow columns of the pylon frames are connected in parallel, and are circulated through a main pump, and the tops of the hollow columns of the respective creels are placed. All have a spreader.
  • the rinsing and softening device comprises a frame, and a mesh crawler is arranged on the frame, and from the conveying start end to the end of the crawler belt, a feeding roller, a fiberizing roller and a water rolling roller are arranged in sequence, and the feeding roller a combing roller is disposed above the crawler belt, and a water spray pipe is disposed above the combing roller, the water rolling roller is symmetrically disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the crawler belt; and a hot water tank capable of immersing the crawler belt is disposed under the crawler belt, and the heat is provided
  • a heating device is disposed in the water tank, the hot water tank is protected in a casing, and the hot water tank is connected to the water circulation processing device at the lower end of the frame; and an arranging mechanism is disposed at the end of the crawler belt.
  • the soft hemp oiling device comprises a frame.
  • the rack is further provided with two or more pressing unit, and the adjacent pressing unit is connected by a supporting plate, and each group is squeezed.
  • the units each include a plurality of pairs of upper and lower engaging rollers, each pair of rollers being driven by a variable frequency motor, and the roller at the upper portion is pressurized by a pressing device, above the inlet of the first pair of rollers of the first group of pressing units.
  • a high-pressure fuel injection pipe is disposed above and below the support plate, and a fuel separation device is disposed below the lower roller, and an oil recovery device is disposed below the oil separation device.
  • the osmotic health device comprises a sealed chamber body filled with water, the chamber body has a sloped surface, and a hemp fiber placement device is arranged in the chamber body, and the chamber body is provided with a heating device for connecting water, a water injection valve, and drainage.
  • Valve, liquid level control device, water temperature control device, and air pressure in the measuring chamber A barometer, a vacuum pump for controlling the pressure inside the chamber, a safety valve and an exhaust valve, and a sealed door is provided on the sealed chamber body.
  • an arched steel support plate is disposed, and the middle portion and the two sides of the support plate are disposed on both sides.
  • the front and rear ends of the crawler belt are movable ends; the beaters are composed of three outer layers of elastic rubber covered with a 120° interval.
  • the moving device includes a pallet, and a bottom of the pallet is connected by a rack to a gear having a rocker supported on the frame, and the pallet supports the bottom Two support rollers, the other ends of the two support rollers are respectively connected to a universal joint drive shaft, and the other end of the universal joint drive shaft is connected to an output gear respectively connected to a transmission mechanism;
  • the comb box is a push-pull pin row structure, including a front roller/skin roller, a middle roller/skin roller, a rear roller/skin roller, and a belt is disposed between the front roller/skin roller and the middle roller/skin roller a hollow side disk of the groove, a needle plate is disposed in the groove, a cam is disposed at a center of the side disk, and the needle plate slides along a cam section when the cam rotates; in the combing device, the round comb There are two types of full-rack type needle bar, rack-type needle bar and needle-row type needle bar.
  • the first combing adopts full rack-type needle bar, and later The comb is combined with a rack-type needle bar and a needle-type needle bar.
  • the invention adopts the above technical solutions, and has the following advantages: 1. Using a non-polluting physical mechanical degumming, the roasting and buckling of the bast fiber can be repeated by the two rows of the upper and lower rows of Luo Chemical degumming difficulty and pressure, shorten processing time, reduce pollution discharge, increase fiber splitting degree, improve the uniformity of biochemical degumming, and at the same time, mechanical degumming by-products can be collected and utilized to achieve comprehensive utilization. After testing, mechanical degumming can be used to remove 5%-8% of the bulk gel before cooking, and at the same time remove the impurities caused by the unclean separation of the skin, and the phloem splitting degree is increased by 10 ⁇ 20%. 2.
  • the biological degumming device of the present invention is provided with three independent systems, each of which includes a master cylinder, a creel placed in the master cylinder, and a bast hanged on the creel through the treatment liquid prepared in the master cylinder.
  • the fiber is treated. Therefore, the solution containing the biological strain can be used multiple times in the production, the cost is effectively reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and the sewage is conveniently collected, easy to be concentrated, and the environmental pollution is greatly reduced.
  • a coil is arranged in the master cylinder, and the water in the coil is provided by the hot water tank, and the heat dissipated by the hot water in the coil is heated by the treatment liquid in the main cylinder, so the heating temperature is stable and the controllability is strong.
  • the high temperature cooking device is provided with a master cylinder.
  • the main cylinder is provided with a main pump and a heating device.
  • the processing liquid in the master cylinder can be circulated between the master cylinder and the main pump, and simultaneously processed by the heating device. The liquid is heated, so that the temperature of the treatment liquid in the master cylinder is maintained within the set range.
  • a sub-cylinder is arranged outside the main cylinder, and the sub-cylinder can be supplemented with a chemical auxiliary or a rinsing agent for the main cylinder, thereby ensuring the work required in the main cylinder.
  • a main pump is arranged outside the main cylinder, a hanging device is placed in the main cylinder, and the bast fiber is hung on the hanging device.
  • the invented device can realize in-cylinder spraying and high-efficiency circulation, and the processing uniformity is much higher than the traditional liquid circulation processing device. . 4.
  • the creel used in each device is provided with a hollow column, at least one layer of hollow beam is arranged on both sides of the hollow column, and a hanging rod is arranged on the hollow beam at the top, and a plurality of holes are opened in the upper part of the hanging, below
  • a spray bar is arranged on each of the hollow beams, and the spray bar has a hole on the side. Therefore, when the main pump is started, the treatment liquid can be sprayed from the perforations on each of the hanging rods to spray the bast fiber into a full range, and can be processed uniformly and thoroughly.
  • a mesh chassis is provided at the bottom of the hollow column, so that the processing liquid can be used to hang the yarn-splitting device, and the scattered fibers can be prevented from falling into the cylinder containing the treatment liquid, so that the treatment liquid circulates smoothly.
  • a plurality of creels can be connected in series to form a connected body, which facilitates the circulation of the treatment liquid.
  • a spreader is placed on top of the hollow column so that it can be moved into the treatment tank by lifting equipment, and even if it is used in series, it is very convenient to move.
  • the fiber-dividing water washing device of the present invention is provided with a multi-component fiber washing unit, and each component fiber washing unit is provided with a plurality of spaced beaters and fiber-splitting rollers, high-pressure water flow washing, beater tapping, cluster plate gathering, and fiber-splitting roller combing.
  • the soft hemp oiling device of the invention is provided with a plurality of pairs of rollers for pressing, and the oil is softened at the same time, further improving the softening effect on the fine dry hemp, and greatly improving the spinnability of the hemp fiber.
  • the hemp fiber cutting and carding device of the invention combines straightening, drawing, breaking, bundling and combing organically, and can form a hemp strip for spinning coarse yarns in one step, shortening the process and reducing the cost, in spinning When high yarns are used, combing is required.
  • hemp fiber strips of different lengths are obtained, and the controllability of the fiber length is improved.
  • the combing and separating device of the invention separately separates the combed strips and the falling objects, and separates and extracts fibers of different lengths and finenesses to obtain more uniform thin straight and specified length fibers, after combing
  • the hemp strip can be used directly in the textile process.
  • the invention adopts a rapid penetration health machine, a high-speed needle combing machine, a high-speed combing machine, and a combined processing with an autoleveling draw frame machine, etc., which changes the traditional hemp spinning process and improves the production efficiency.
  • the yield of long hemp is high, and the quality of hemp fiber produced is stable, which is convenient for post-processing.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the mechanical degumming apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the main view of the creel of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a top view of Figure 3
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the fermentation system of the biological degumming apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the sterilization system of the biological degumming device of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the high temperature cooking and high temperature rinsing apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the fiber-fibre washing device of the present invention
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic view of an embodiment of a beater in a fiber-fibre washing device.
  • Figure 8B is a side view of Figure 8A
  • Figure 8C is a schematic view of another embodiment of a beater in a fiber washing machine.
  • Figure 8D is a side view of Figure 8C
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the rinsing soft device of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the mechanical softening device of the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the osmotic health device of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the cutting and carding device of the present invention
  • Figure 12A is a schematic view of the pallet moving device in the cutting and carding device
  • Figure 12B is a schematic view of the drive of the support roller in the cutting carding device
  • Figure 12C is a schematic view of the pressurization of the pressurizing roller in the carding device.
  • Figure 12D is a schematic view of the push-type comb box in the cutting and carding device
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the combing and dividing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the root cutting device
  • Figure 14A is a side elevational view of Figure 14
  • Figure 14B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 14A.
  • bast fiber The basic process of bast fiber is to unpack and sort the hemp, remove the root and cut it slightly, and perform mechanical degumming on the mechanical degumming equipment.
  • the mechanically degummed sesame cage is used for biological and/or high temperature cooking and degumming. High temperature rinsing, then softened by fiber washing, rinsing soft, radio frequency drying to make fine dry hemp, fine dry hemp mechanical soft, after health, by combing, combing, and drawing into a long hemp fiber strip; for combing , combing and grading to make short hemp fiber.
  • the present invention includes a feeding zone 101.
  • the feeding zone 101 is connected to a mechanical winding zone 102, the mechanical winding zone 102 is connected to a beat doping zone 103, and the beating zone 103 is connected to a discharge zone.
  • a region 104, and a cleaning device 105 disposed at an upper portion and a lower portion of each of the above regions.
  • the bast fibers which have been finished in the previous stage are spread out in the feeding area 101 and sent to the mechanical crotch area 102.
  • the mechanical crotch region 102 includes upper and lower rows of grooved rollers 106, 107 disposed in pairs.
  • the tops of the upper ends of the upper row of grooved rollers 106 are respectively provided with pressure control devices 108, which can adjust the upper and lower grooves according to the required pressure.
  • One of the lower row of groove rollers 107 can be rotated by a driving motor 109, and the other upper and lower grooved rollers are driven by the gear meshing, and the upper and lower grooved rollers 106, 107 can also be set into several groups, each of which The group is driven by a drive motor 109.
  • the advancement speed, the retreating speed, the advancing time and the retreating time of the upper and lower groove rollers 106, 107 can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation direction, the speed and the rotation time of the driving motor 109, so that the bast fiber is mechanically smashed. Zone 102 is squeezed back and forth, forcing the colloidal fibers on the bast fibers to break off.
  • the pressure control device 108 may be a hydraulic device, a pneumatic device or a spring device.
  • the present invention employs a spring device.
  • the pressure applied to the upper row of grooved rollers 106 can be adjusted by adjusting the bolts, thereby adjusting the upper and lower grooved rollers 106. , the spacing between 107.
  • the beat-and-removal zone 103 of the present invention includes a conveyor belt 110 that is filled with through holes, and at least two upper slap rollers 111 are disposed above the belt on the conveyor belt 110, and at least one lower belt is disposed between the belt and the lower belt on the conveyor belt 110.
  • the tapping roller 112 is located between the two upper slap rollers 111 in the conveying direction.
  • the upper and lower flapping rollers 111, 112 may take various structural forms, such as the form of a combination of three rubber rollers arranged at intervals of 120° in this embodiment.
  • a finite stop structure 113 is provided on both sides of the conveyor belt 110 to prevent the bast fiber from falling off the conveyor belt during the tapping process.
  • the bast fiber After the bast fiber is squeezed and degummed by the mechanical crotch region 102, it enters the conveyor belt that beats the decontamination zone 103. By intermittently tapping the upper and lower tapping rollers 111, 112, the dust and colloidal particles falling off the bast fiber can be removed from the bast fiber. The through holes in the conveyor belt 110 are discharged.
  • the discharge area 104 includes a discharge platform 114, and the upper surface of the discharge platform 114 is covered with perforations
  • the impurity removing device 105 includes a dust removing hood 116 which is disposed above the mechanical boring area 102 and the slap removing area 103, and is provided with a wind blower disposed above the mechanical sill area 102, the slap removing area 103 and the discharge area 104.
  • the decontamination conveyor belt 117 of the drum is connected to an air blower (not shown).
  • the upper and lower grooved rollers 106, 107 may be 10 to 40 pairs, preferably 20 to
  • the tooth profiles of the upper and lower grooved rollers 106, 107 may be circular teeth, straight teeth and trapezoidal teeth, etc., the height of the tooth shape may be 1 to 30, preferably 10 to 20; the tooth width may be 5 to 30
  • the upper and lower grooved rollers 106, 107 may have a diameter of 100 to 200 mm, preferably 140 to 180 mm; the grooves of the grooved roller 106 may be straight grooves or oblique grooves; each pair of upper and lower 5 ⁇ lcm ⁇
  • the spacing between the grooved roller 106, 107 may be 0. l ⁇ 2cm, preferably 0. 5 ⁇ lcm.
  • the number of teeth on the upper and lower grooved rollers 106, 107 is as small as possible, the depth of the groove is from deep to shallow, and the pressure control device 108 is on the upper row of the grooved roller 106.
  • the pressure is from small to large, so that it can effectively achieve the full purpose, and can avoid damage to the teeth on the upper and lower groove rollers 106, 107.
  • the upper and lower grooved rollers 106, 107 can also be replaced by a roller roller or a flat roller, but the degumming effect is not as good as the groove roller.
  • the tapping roller 103 can also be tapped and shaken manually without setting the tapping roller.
  • the working process of mechanical degumming is as follows: The bast fiber is fed between the upper and lower rollers, and the bast fiber is repeatedly squeezed and twisted by adjusting the positive and negative directions of the motor to realize the glue on the bast fiber. The material is crushed and detached; while the conveyor belt conveys the fibers, the rubber particles and dust on the fibers are manually or mechanically beaten and removed; the treated bast fibers are further removed by manual or mechanical shaking, and then ligated into a handle.
  • the creel is used for hanging hemp fiber and is used in biological degumming, high temperature cooking degumming and high temperature rinsing, so it is introduced independently.
  • the pylon frame comprises a hollow column 201.
  • the left and right sides of the hollow column 201 are symmetrically disposed with a plurality of layers of hollow beams 202 from top to bottom, and each of the hollow beams 202 communicates with the hollow column 201.
  • the outer ends of the hollow beams 202 on each side are integrally connected by the same support column 203, and the support columns 203 are expandable and contractible.
  • the top two first hollow beams 202 are spaced apart from each other by a plurality of hanging rods 204 horizontally perpendicular to the hollow beams 202.
  • Each of the hanging rods 204 is in communication with the hollow beams 202, and each of the hanging rods 204 is provided with a plurality of holes.
  • a plurality of spray bars (not shown) communicating with the hollow beams 202 are disposed on the hollow beams 202 of the second layer and below, and the positions of the spray bars are corresponding to the positions of the corresponding hangers 204, and the spray bars are There are several spray holes provided on it.
  • a creel chassis 205 is provided with a meshed mesh at the bottom of the hollow column 201 and the support column 203.
  • the end of the hollow column 201 is provided with a Pipe connection port 206.
  • the holes of the first layer hanging rod 204 are generally disposed in the upper half of the rod, that is, the rows are arranged on the top and the upper sides of the rods, so that the water sprayed from the holes is sprayed toward the top of the rod.
  • the bast fiber is used to eliminate dead corners.
  • the holes of the spray bars of the second layer and below may be set only on both sides, and the top is not provided.
  • the top of the hollow column 201 is closed, and a spreader is disposed thereon.
  • the hanging frame can be suspended into the master cylinder by a lifting device, and the pipe connection port 206 at the bottom end of the hollow column 201 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe.
  • a spreader is placed on the top of each of the creels when connected in parallel.
  • the top of the hollow column 201 of the uppermost creel is closed, and the tops of the hollow columns of the following creels are open, and the pipe connection port 206 of the bottom of the hollow column 201 of the lowermost creel is inserted.
  • the liquid ports are connected so that the hollow columns are connected to form a common inlet pipe.
  • a cover 207 is interposed between the creels of the layers to allow the treatment liquid flowing down from the outer periphery of the cover 207.
  • an outer cylinder surrounding the entire pylon can be disposed on the two supporting columns 203, and the outer cylinder can adopt four curved creel baffles 208, and the yoke baffle 208 has two symmetric hinges. Connected to the two support columns 203, the two creel baffles 208 on both sides form two doors that can be closed and locked, so that when the bast fibers are hung on the hanger 204, the two pairs of creels can be The baffle 208 is closed to form an integral outer cylinder which is covered with a water outlet.
  • the hollow column 201 may also be provided with a hollow beam 202.
  • the two hollow beams 202 are spaced apart from each other by a plurality of hanging rods 204 horizontally perpendicular to the hollow beam 202.
  • Each of the hanging rods 204 and the hollow beam 202 are spaced apart from each other.
  • Connected, and each of the hangers 204 is provided with a plurality of holes.
  • the treatment liquid can be pumped into the hollow column, and the treatment liquid is sprayed on the bast fiber through the hole in the hanging rod, and the falling treatment liquid can pass through the mesh on the creel chassis through the connecting tube.
  • the road is connected to the treatment liquid storage device to complete the entire treatment cycle.
  • the biological degumming apparatus includes a biological fermentation system, an inoculation system, and a sterilization system.
  • the biological fermentation system includes a master cylinder 301 with a lid, a hot water tank 302, and a main pump 303.
  • a twisted coil 304 is disposed on the inner wall or the bottom of the master cylinder 301.
  • the two ends of the coil 304 are respectively connected to the water inlet and the water outlet of the hot water tank 302 through a pipeline.
  • One of the pipelines is provided with a water pump 305, during operation, heat
  • the water in the water tank 302 is circulated between the coil 304 of the master cylinder 301 and the hot water tank 302 by the pump 305, and the heat dissipated through the coil 304 is heated by the treatment liquid (culture liquid) in the main cylinder 301.
  • the lower part of the master cylinder 301 is respectively provided with a liquid inlet 306 and a liquid outlet 307.
  • the liquid inlet 306 is connected to the liquid outlet of the main pump 303 through a compressed air pump 308, and the liquid inlet of the main pump 303 is connected to the outlet of the master cylinder 301.
  • the liquid port 307, the treatment liquid (culture liquid) in the master cylinder 301 can be self-circulated by the action of the main pump 303, and the treatment liquid (culture liquid) is replenished with air by the compressed air pump 308, wherein the compressed air pump 308 is further An air sterilization filter is provided.
  • the upper portion of the master cylinder 301 is provided with a water inlet 309 having a valve. Water is added to the master cylinder 301 by opening a valve of the water inlet 309.
  • a liquid inlet port 310 having a valve is disposed at a side upper portion of the master cylinder 301, and the culture medium device is provided. The culture solution in the middle can be injected into the master cylinder 301 through the inlet port 310.
  • a waste liquid port 311 is provided at the bottom of the master cylinder, which can be used for discharging waste liquid.
  • the structure and connection of the inoculation system are basically the same as those of the biological fermentation system, including the master cylinder, the hot water tank, the main pump, etc., and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the sterilization system includes a barrel-shaped master cylinder 312 with a lid.
  • a circulating liquid outlet 313 is disposed at a lower portion of the master cylinder 312.
  • the circulating liquid outlet 313 is connected to a main pump 314, and the main pump 314 is discharged.
  • the water outlet is connected to a heat exchange device 315.
  • the water outlet of the heat exchange device 315 is connected to a circulating liquid inlet 316 provided in the lower portion of the master cylinder 312.
  • the inner lower portion of the master cylinder 312 is provided with a filter plate 317 filled with holes, and the upper side of the master cylinder
  • a water inlet 318 having a valve and a liquid inlet 319 having a valve are respectively disposed on the wall, and the opening valve can respectively inject water and a treatment liquid into the main cylinder 312, and a waste liquid port 320 having a valve is disposed at a lower portion of the main cylinder, and is opened.
  • the valve can discharge the waste liquid in the master cylinder 312 through the waste port 320.
  • a sub-cylinder is also provided outside the master cylinder 312.
  • the sub-cylinder 321 functions to add a chemical aid to the main cylinder 312.
  • creel is provided in each of the main tanks of the biological fermentation system, the inoculation system, and the sterilization system.
  • the liquid circulation processing of the "bast fiber" mentioned in the present invention includes liquid circulation processing of the yarn. As shown in Fig. 7, it includes a barrel-shaped master cylinder 401 with a cap, and a yarn hooking device 402 is disposed in the master cylinder 401.
  • the master cylinder 401 has a certain gap with the circumferential edge of the yarn hooking device 402.
  • a main pump 403 is disposed outside the master cylinder 401.
  • the water outlet of the main pump 403 is connected to a heat exchange device 404.
  • the water outlet of the heat exchange device 404 is connected to the water inlet of the yarn hanging device 402 of the master cylinder, and the outlet of the master cylinder 401 The nozzle is connected to the water inlet of the main pump 403.
  • a sub-cylinder 405 is also provided on the outside of the master cylinder, and the sub-cylinder functions to supplement the main tank with chemical additives.
  • the yarn hooking device 402 may be the above-mentioned hanging creel, and a plurality of yarn hooking devices 402 may be placed in series in the master cylinder 401.
  • the lower part of the master cylinder 401 is provided with a filter plate 406 filled with holes.
  • the bottom of the main cylinder connected to the main pump 403 can be provided with a waste port having a valve 407, and the valve 407 can be opened.
  • the waste port can be used for the master cylinder. Discharge of internal waste liquid.
  • a water inlet 408 having a valve may be provided on the side wall of the master cylinder 401 so that the master cylinder can still receive water through the valve and the water inlet without opening the top cover.
  • a pipe having a valve 409 is also disposed on the side wall of the master cylinder to connect the outlet port of the auxiliary cylinder to open the valve, and the secondary cylinder can be supplemented with chemical aid or other liquid into the master cylinder.
  • the difference between high-temperature cooking degumming and high-temperature rinsing is that the added reagents are different, the temperature is not the same, and the liquid circulation time is different.
  • the above-mentioned biological degumming process can be combined with the high-temperature boiling and degumming process, first performing biological degumming, and then performing high-temperature boiling and degumming.
  • the two processes can also be carried out independently, that is, after mechanical degumming, only biological degumming or cooking degumming is carried out, and then high temperature rinsing is carried out. 5.
  • the unit includes a frame (not shown) with a transport track 501 disposed on the frame.
  • the crawler belt 501 adopts a perforated crawler belt with a seamless seamless interface.
  • a feeding zone 502 Above the crawler belt 501, a feeding zone 502, a fiber distribution rinsing zone 503 and an output zone 504 are disposed.
  • Each working area component is supported by a frame, and the crawler belt 501 carries each working area. Connected.
  • a sump 505 is provided below the track.
  • the device has frequency unit control.
  • the feed zone 502 is disposed at the beginning of the crawler transport, and mainly includes a set of feed rollers 506, and a set of press rolls, the main function of which is to initially crush the hemp fibers and feed them into other work areas.
  • the fiber rinsing and rinsing area 503 includes a plurality of sets of the same fiberizing water washing unit 507. Generally, three groups are suitable, and the same type of pressure roller and feeding roller can be sandwiched between the fiber washing units of each component.
  • Each of the fiber washing units 507 includes a plurality of spaced apart beaters 508 and a fiberizing roller 509, and a water rolling roller 510 is disposed at the end of the last component fiber washing unit.
  • a bundling plate 511 is disposed between the beater 508 and the splitter roller 509, and between the splitter roller 509 and the water roll 510. The bundling plate is used to gather the hemp fibers on the crawler belt 501 to prevent deviation.
  • a high-pressure water pipe 512 is disposed on the upper side of the beater 508 and the split fiber roller 509, and a plurality of spray heads 513 are disposed on the high-pressure water pipe 512 to clean the beaters 508 and the fiber-splitting roller 509 to prevent the roller from winding the debris, and the pair can be realized.
  • the hemp fiber on the track is soaked to separate the gel.
  • the high-pressure water pipe can be washed and soaked with hot water of 20 ⁇ 80 °C, which is beneficial to remove the colloid of hemp fiber.
  • a collecting groove (not shown) is arranged, and both sides of the collecting groove are fixed on the frame by fixing members and There is a certain gap between the frame and the bottom of the rack.
  • the collecting tank can collect the high-pressure water jet to the back splashing and splashing debris on the hemp fiber and each roller, and discharge it through a separate pipe connected to the collecting tank to the outside of the device, thereby maintaining the beater and the minute.
  • the fiber roller is clean.
  • an arched steel support plate 514 is disposed at the bottom of the track.
  • the middle portion and the two sides of the support plate 514 are disposed in the slide rails of the two side frames, along the direction of the crawler belt.
  • the front and rear ends are movable ends, which enable the support plate to move up, down, front and back.
  • the upper and lower movements of the support plate control the striking strength of the hitter; After the movement controls the hitting distance of the beater. Therefore, the setting of the support plate not only increases the tapping force of the beater, but also enhances the vibration of the crawler belt, so that the bonding force between the glue and the fiber is weakened, and the glue is loosened and slipped.
  • the water roll 510 is a set of synchronous rolls consisting of two rolls respectively located above and below the track. The rolling rate of the water roll can be adjusted by a pneumatic device.
  • a water rolling roller and a bundling plate may be provided, and immediately after the water rolling roller, a swinging mechanism 515 is disposed obliquely below the end of the crawler belt. After the fiber is washed by multiple sets of working units, the hemp fiber is finally squeezed by the water roller after the crawler movement. After the reciprocating swing of the hemp fiber, the hemp belt is placed into the swinging mechanism, and the pendulum mechanism is composed of the bucket. The mechanism of the reciprocating arc motion driven by the rod.
  • the work of each of the above sections is controlled by the variable frequency electronic control unit.
  • the working speed of each working area may be the same or different.
  • the working speeds of different working units in the washing zone may be the same or different.
  • the surface of the fiberizing roller 509 at the front end and the intermediate portion of each of the fiberizing water washing units is provided with a straight groove parallel to the axial direction, which acts to restrain the fiber when the fiber is tapped.
  • a plurality of annular grooves are provided, which function to split the fibers.
  • the pitch and depth of the fiberizing roller 509 grooves can be gradually reduced, so that the fiber after the fiberizing is more organized.
  • the beater 508 can take various structural forms. As shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, the beater 508 can be: including a spindle 516 driven by a motor, and both ends of the spindle 516 are divided into two ends. A connecting plate 517 having three protruding ends is connected, and a swinging rod 518 is connected to each protruding end of the connecting plate. The other end of each of the two correspondingly disposed swinging rods is connected to a central axis 520 of a planetary roller 519. At the end, each planet roller 519 surface is provided with a glue layer, and the spindle 516 is connected to the motor through a transmission mechanism.
  • each of the planet rollers 519 can also rotate around the central axis 520.
  • each of the planet rollers 519 is heavily dropped under the dual action of driving force and gravity, and cooperates with the supporting plate 514 to vigorously beat the fiber bundle on the crawler belt to bond the glue and the fiber. It weakens, causing the rubber to loosen and fall off.
  • the gel on the fiber is better removed.
  • the hitting hand 508 may further include: a main shaft 521, and a connecting plate 522 fixedly connected to both ends of the main shaft 521, and three flapping rollers 523 are connected side by side on the connecting plates 522 at both ends.
  • the two ends of the main shaft 521 are respectively provided with a cam 524.
  • the cams 524 at both ends are supported on the two sides of the rack by the cam shaft, and the cam shafts are connected to the motor through a transmission mechanism.
  • the motor drives the cams 524 at both ends to rotate, the cam can raise the entire beater 508 vertically by pressing against the spindle 521, and then vertically fall, thereby tapping the fibers.
  • the tapping frequency of the beater 4 of the present invention may be varied by the adjustment of the variable frequency motor.
  • the apparatus includes a frame (not shown) with a transport track 601 disposed on the frame.
  • the crawler belt 601 adopts a mesh crawler with a seamless seamless interface. Different components are disposed above and below the crawler belt 601, and are divided into a feeding zone 602, a rinsing soft zone 603 and an output zone 604 according to functions, and each working zone component is composed of a rack. Support, and the work areas are linked by the crawler 601.
  • a water circulation treatment device 605 is provided at a lower portion of the frame.
  • a variable frequency motor (not shown) is mounted on the outside of the frame to control the operation of each component.
  • Feed zone 602 is located at the delivery end of track 601. In the feed zone, there is primarily a feed roller 606 disposed above the track for feeding the hemp fibers to the rinse soft zone 603. It is also possible to provide a set of water-rolling rolls before feeding the roller 606, in order to squeeze out excess moisture from the hemp fibers in the previous process for easy feeding.
  • a hot water tank 34 is installed under the crawler belt, and the water in the hot water tank 34 ensures that the fibers on the crawler belt 1 can be immersed, and the heating device 35 is disposed in the hot water tank 34 to maintain the water temperature in the range of 20 to 100 ° C. In the circumference, the heating device 35 can be electrically heated or the like.
  • the rinsing soft zone 603 there are mainly a plurality of fiberizing rollers 607 spaced apart along the track advancing direction, and the fiberizing roller 607 is spaced apart in the circumferential direction.
  • Longitudinal groove roller the groove width is l ⁇ 30 mm, the depth is 1 ⁇ 50 mm, and the adjacent groove spacing is l ⁇ 50 mm.
  • the nozzle cleans the carding roller to prevent the roller from winding the debris, and at the same time, adding softener in the water to soften the hemp fiber and separate the gel.
  • a plurality of anti-bias baffles 609 are disposed on each of the crawler belts 601 near the racks on both sides of the crawler belt, and each of the adjacent two combing rollers is fixed to the frame. The function of the anti-biasing baffle 609 is to gather the hemp fibers on the crawler belt 601 to prevent the fibers from falling off.
  • a hot water tank 610 is installed under the track, and the water in the hot water tank 610 is guaranteed to be immersed in the hemp fibers on the track.
  • a heating device 613 is disposed in the hot water tank to maintain the water temperature in the range of 20 to 100 °C.
  • the heating device 613 can be in various ways such as electric heating.
  • the rinsing soft zone 603, including the hot water tank, the crawler belt, the grooming roller, and the water spray pipe, is placed in a cover 611.
  • the water circulation line 612 is in communication with the hot water tank 610 and the water circulation treatment unit 605.
  • An appropriate amount of the same reagent as in the water spray pipe 608 can be added to the hot water tank 610 to ensure sufficient rinsing.
  • the combination of the fiber splitting roller 607, the water spray pipe 608, the hot water tank 610, the heating device 613, and the cover body 61 1 can be independently provided in series, and the temperature and the reagents between the groups can be different.
  • the rinsing soft zone 603 is connected to an output zone 604.
  • a water roll 614 is provided, and the water roll 614 is a pair, which is rolled together with the crawler.
  • An anti-bias baffle may also be provided between the carding roller 607 and the water roller 614.
  • a swinging mechanism 615 is disposed in contact with the swivel area of the crawler belt to regularly reciprocate in the direction of the crawler belt. The fiber output from the crawler is placed on the swinging mechanism while being placed in a folded shape with the swing of the swinging mechanism.
  • the front water roll and the rear water roll are a set of synchronous rolls consisting of two rolls located above and below the track.
  • the rolling rate of the two synchronizing rolls can be adjusted by a pneumatic device (not shown), such as installing a cylinder on the frame so that the piston protruding end of the cylinder can reach the roll above the track, thus adjusting the piston
  • the amount of expansion can control the gap between the upper roll and the lower roll.
  • variable frequency motor which can be a variable frequency motor at the same time.
  • inverter motors it is also possible to have multiple inverter motors to control individual rollers.
  • the device includes a frame 701.
  • the frame is provided with two or more working units 702.
  • Each group of working units is powered by a variable frequency motor 703, and controls various components in the working unit. Running speed and direction.
  • Adjacent sets of work units are connected by a support plate 704 with a slit in between.
  • Each set of working units includes a plurality of pairs of rollers 705 arranged in parallel, each pair of adjacent rollers 705 has a certain gap, and each pair of rollers 705 is engaged with the upper and lower sides, and the central axes of the rollers are fixed on both sides of the frame. .
  • the tops of the upper rollers are respectively provided with a pressing device 706 corresponding thereto, and the pressing device can be pressurized by a cylinder (not shown), the cylinder is mounted on the frame, and the protruding ends of the cylinders are respectively
  • the upper roller 705 corresponds to, when the cylinder is opened, the upper roller 705 is pressurized by the protruding end of the cylinder, so that the pressure of each upper roller is reduced by the pressure applied by the gravity and the pressing device, and the gap between the lower rollers is reduced. Squeeze the fine linen between the upper and lower rollers.
  • a high-pressure fuel injection pipe 707 is disposed obliquely above the first pair of rollers 705 in the first group of working units, and a plurality of fan-shaped high-pressure fuel injectors are respectively disposed on the fuel injection pipe, and respectively above and below the support plate 704
  • a high pressure fuel injection pipe 707 having a plurality of fan-shaped high pressure fuel injectors is provided.
  • the soft sesame oil is evenly sprayed by each nozzle to the fine dry hemp between the first pair of rollers and the upper portion of the support plate, and the nozzles located at the lower part of the support plate are evenly sprayed through the slits on the support plate
  • the soft sesame oil penetrates into the inside of the fine dry hemp, and the softening processing of the fine dry hemp is realized.
  • An oil-tank oil separation device 708 is disposed below each of the lower rollers 705, and an oil recovery device 709 is disposed under the oil separation device for recycling and reusing the oil after separation and removal of impurities through the oil separation device. In order to save processing costs.
  • the oil separation device 708 comprises two layers of filter screens 710 made of stainless steel material, and grooves are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the two layers of screens on both sides of the frame, and the two ends of the two layers of screens are respectively embedded with corresponding ones. In the groove, the function of extraction and replacement can be realized. When one of the screens 710 is dirty and needs to be cleaned, it can be withdrawn at any time without affecting the continuous operation of the entire equipment.
  • each of the rollers 705 may be a roller, a rubber roller or a flat roller with grooves.
  • the pressurizing means of the upper pressurizing means 706 can also be pressurized by hydraulic pressure or spring. In the present invention, the pressurizing means is pneumatically pressurized.
  • the variable frequency motor 703 performs frequency conversion control on each pair of rollers 705 so that each pair of rollers of the upper and lower sides reciprocate and rotate forward and backward. ⁇ 2.
  • the second step of the present invention is 0. 5 ⁇ 1. 2 seconds; the back time is 0. 5 ⁇ 5 seconds, the best back time is 0. 4 ⁇ 1. 1 second.
  • Each pair of rollers uses a speed of 0 to 30 rpm, and the optimum speed is 15 to 25 rpm.
  • the invention passes the weight of the upper each roller 705 itself
  • the pressure applied by the force or pressurizing device 706, and the reciprocating motion of the upper and lower pairs of rollers 705 and the speed difference between the forward and reverse rotations repeatedly press and knead the fed fine dry hemp to make the hemp fibers soft and loose.
  • the soft sesame oil is evenly sprayed onto the loose fine dry hemp by means of the upper and lower fan-shaped nozzles. Under the repeated rolling of the upper and lower pairs of roller 705, the soft sesame oil evenly penetrates into the fine dry hemp, thereby Complete mechanical soft hemp processing.
  • the apparatus of the present invention comprises a closed chamber body 801 having an inclined inner surface at the inner top thereof to prevent condensation water from falling on the health sample, resulting in inconsistent fiber resurgence.
  • a hemp fiber stacking device is disposed in the chamber body 801.
  • the hemp fiber stacking device may be a mesh plate 803 that is erected through the bracket 802, or a hanger that is suspended in the chamber body by a hook. Some water is injected into the chamber body 801, and a water tank 804 is naturally formed at the bottom of the chamber body.
  • the chamber body is further provided with a heating device 805, a water injection valve 806, a drain valve 807, a liquid level control device 808, a water temperature control device 809, and a barometer 810 for measuring the air pressure in the chamber, and a vacuum pump 811 for controlling the air pressure in the chamber. , safety valve 812 and exhaust valve 813.
  • the heating device 805 can heat the water in the water tank to generate water vapor and allow the steam to penetrate into various portions of the hemp fiber.
  • the level control device 808 includes a level sensor 814 and a level indicator 815. The level sensor is disposed in the water tank and the level indicator is disposed outside the chamber to display the water level in the tank detected by the level sensor.
  • the water temperature control device 809 includes a temperature sensor 816 and a temperature display 817.
  • the temperature sensor is inserted in the water tank, and the temperature display is disposed outside the chamber to display the heating temperature of the water in the water tank detected by the temperature sensor.
  • the barometer 810 includes a pneumatic sensing end 818 and a pneumatic display 819.
  • the pressure sensing end is located in the chamber body, and the pressure display is disposed outside the chamber body to display the amount of body pressure detected by the pressure sensing end.
  • a vacuum pump 811 is used to evacuate the chamber body and evacuate the dry air in the chamber.
  • the safety valve 812 is used to automatically adjust the air pressure in the chamber to maintain the air pressure within the maximum pressure range that the chamber can withstand.
  • the exhaust valve 813 is used for exhaust after the end of the health.
  • a sealed door 820 with a window is provided in the chamber body for use as a passage for placing hemp fibers.
  • the heating device 805 can be a heating water pipe, and the high temperature hot steam or water is introduced into the heating water pipe to heat the water in the water tank.
  • the heating device can also be an electric heating rod with good thermal conductivity.
  • the sealing door 820 is slightly higher than the mesh plate. And on the bracket 802 and the flat plate 803, a guide rail facing the sealing door 820 is disposed correspondingly, and the mesh flat plate 803 can be conveniently sent into the chamber body through the guide rail, and the hemp fiber is The dimensions are placed evenly.
  • the cut carding device of the present invention comprises a cutting mechanism, a bundling device, a comb box and a can drum which are sequentially disposed.
  • the cutting mechanism includes a feeding plate 901 disposed at the input end of the frame and a feeding roller 902 driven by the motor.
  • the feeding roller 902 is disposed in front of the output end of the plurality of pulling units 903, and each pulling unit is composed of two lower portions.
  • the support roller 904 and the upper one of the pressurizing rollers 905 are arranged in a triangular shape and connected to a moving device, and the distance between the respective pulling units 903 is adjusted by moving the device.
  • the moving device includes a pallet 906, and the shafts of the two supporting rollers 904 of each pulling unit are telescopically passed through a sleeve 907, and the sleeve 907 is supported on the pallet 906.
  • the bottom of the pallet 906 is provided with a rack 908.
  • the rack meshes with a gear 909 supported on the frame.
  • the rocker 910 of the connecting gear 909 can swing the gear and drive the pallet through the meshing of the gear and the rack.
  • the 906 moves back and forth to adjust the distance between the respective pulling units.
  • the support roller 904 can be adjusted forward and backward by the support of the pallet 906, the other ends of the two support rollers 904 are respectively connected to a universal joint drive shaft 911, and the other end of the two-way joint shaft 911 is connected to a transmission gear 912.
  • the transmission gear 912 can be driven by a motor-driven transmission mechanism.
  • the two support rollers 904 can be synchronously rotated by the universal joint drive shaft.
  • the universal joint transmission shaft 911 can move with the change of the transmission angle, and the telescopic connection between the sleeve 907 and the supporting roller 904 shaft can solve the axially induced displacement, and the supporting roller 904 usually adopts the groove.
  • the groove roller increases the friction between the pressure roller 905 and the pressure roller 905.
  • the pressurizing roller 905 is placed directly on the two supporting rollers 904, and the pressurizing roller 905 can pressurize the supporting rollers 904 by the pressing means.
  • the pressurizing means may be a cylinder 913, the cylinder being disposed on the frame, the piston rod 914 of the cylinder being coupled to an L-shaped arm 915, and the other end of the arm 915 extending from one end of the pressurizing roller 905 into the center hole 916.
  • the cylinder 913 drives the piston rod 914 to move outward in the axial direction of the cylinder, the other end of the L-shaped arm 915 swings downward, causing the pressing roller 905 to move downward to press the two supporting rollers 904.
  • the pressurizing roller 905 is moved upward to decompress the two supporting rollers 904.
  • the pressing device may also be a spring device, a hydraulic device or the like.
  • a support plate 917 and a transition roller 918 are disposed between each of the pulling units to prevent the fibers from falling; a scraper of rubber material is disposed in the vicinity of the two support rollers 904 in each of the pulling units ( Not shown in the figure) to prevent the fibers from being entangled on the support rollers.
  • the hemp fiber is sandwiched between two support rollers and one compression roller for each pulling unit, depending on each The friction between the support roller and the pressure roller is rolled forward, and the rotation speeds of the two support rollers in the two pulling units are adjusted, so that the rotation speed of the previous pulling unit is faster than the rotation speed of the latter pulling unit, thereby realizing the hemp The stretch of the fiber is long.
  • each of the pulling units is pulled, and the pulling unit at the output end can naturally break the long fibers into short fibers. That is to say, the main task of the pulling unit close to the input end is to straighten the hemp fibers, and the main task of the pulling unit near the output end is to break the hemp fibers.
  • the back roller 920 or the measuring roller of the autoleveler
  • a layer of uniform width and uniform thickness is fed to the back roller 920 (or the measuring roller of the autoleveler), after being combed by the card comb box 921.
  • the strips output from the front roller 922 are passed through a roller, a bell mouth, a coil roller, etc., and are synthesized into regular strips and fall into the can 923.
  • the comb box 921 usually has three types of screw type, chain type, and turret type, depending on the transmission mode of the needle row.
  • the comb box 20 is provided with a push-pull type needle row structure, as shown in Fig.
  • a front roller 924 which includes a front roller 924, a front roller 925, a middle roller 926, a middle A top roller 927, a rear roller 928, a back roller 929, a grooved hollow side disk 930 is disposed between the front roller 924 and the middle roller 926, and a needle plate is disposed in a groove, and a center plate is disposed at the center of the disk
  • the cam 931 under the guidance of the cam, slides the needle plate along the cam section.
  • the cam 931 may also be in the shape of a round roller.
  • the combing and dividing device of the present invention has a similar structure to the existing combing machine, and also includes a feeding mechanism, a nipper mechanism, a carding mechanism, a pulling and separating mechanism, a winding mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, and the like.
  • the combing machine is a front swinging and intermittent straight combing machine.
  • the main working features are: The combing is intermittent and periodic, the clamping mechanism and the carding mechanism are not moved, and the pulling car is swinged back and forth to complete Segmented orientation of the fibers to remove the hemp and grass.
  • the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding frame 1001.
  • the lower part of the feeding frame is provided with a plurality of hemp barrels 1002, and the bundle of hemps in each of the barrels 1002 is hung on the feeding frame 1001 and passed through
  • the guide bar 1003 and the guide roller 1004 are introduced, the pressing roller 1005 is pressed to the feeding roller 1006, and the lower portion of the feeding roller 1006 is supported by the supporting plate.
  • Feeding roller 1006 forwards the rows of hemp strips, and after combing the feed comb in a conventionally arranged feed box 1007, the strips become loose and uniform hemp.
  • the nipper mechanism includes a pair of upper and lower meshing nippers 1008 for holding the entire row of rams, the jaws are at right angles, the nip points are large, and the clamping force is large.
  • the carding mechanism includes a top comb 1009 disposed at the output end of the nipper 1008 and a circular comb 1010 disposed below the top comb.
  • a blow is provided in the vicinity of the nipper 1008, the top comb 1009, and the circular comb 1010.
  • the wind bundling device also has a brush 1011 mounted on the upper nipper, and a brush 1012 is mounted under the round comb.
  • the extraction and separating mechanism comprises a pick-up cart (not shown), and the pick-up vehicle is provided with a pull-out roller 1013, a pull-out leather plate 1014, upper and lower interrupting knives 1015, 1016, a pressure roller 1017 and a pull-out roller 1018.
  • the overall organization The distance between the take-up point of the pull roller 1013 and the jaw of the nipper plate 1008 is the take-up gauge.
  • the winding mechanism includes a bar guide 1019, a bundling device 1020, a crimping box, and a coiler 1022.
  • a crimping box In the crimping box, there is a curling roller 1021, where the hemp strip is pressed, and finally the rolled strip enters the coiler 1022. Circle, while loading the tube.
  • the cleaning mechanism is arranged under the carding mechanism and the extraction mechanism, including a doffer 1023, a file 1024, a falling box 1025, a dust box 1026, etc., and a suction and dust removal mechanism is installed, which can take away the fly flower in time, ensuring good
  • the working environment reduces the labor intensity of workers.
  • the device is also provided with a broken bar self-stop device and a hemp self-stop device.
  • the assembly mechanism is provided with a full-tube self-stop device, and adopts an advanced PLC programmable controller to realize fully automatic control.
  • the power supply equipment, the transmission mechanism, the pressurizing device, and the like are conventional facilities, and are not described herein.
  • the combing and dividing device of the present invention has the following differences:
  • the range of the circular needle row is increased, and the needle row is generally arranged in the range of 220°, and now reaches 270°; at the same time, the round comb adopts several forms, one is full
  • the rack-type needle bar the other is the rack-type needle bar and the needle-row type needle bar combined arrangement, the rack-type needle bar is in front, and the needle-row type needle bar is behind.
  • the top comb can also be in two forms, one with only one row of needles and the other with at least two rows. Round comb combs are available in different sizes depending on the specific process requirements.
  • the drawing vehicle can be moved up and down and back and forth, so that the removal of the separation distance can be adjusted, and the length of the hemp can be controlled, and the upper and lower movement can be realized, thereby realizing the effective overlapping of the hemp, so that the hemp
  • the bar weight is more uniform.
  • the pick-up vehicle is mounted on an adjusting frame, and a lever is arranged on one side of the adjusting frame, and two arc-shaped sliding grooves are opened on the adjusting frame, and bolts are respectively inserted into the two arc-shaped sliding grooves, and the bolts are fastened to the machine.
  • On the shelf. Loosen the bolts and pull the lever to slide the adjustment bracket along the circular arc chute to adjust the picking up and down in the up and down and front and rear directions.
  • the curling roller 1021 in the crimping box is provided with at least two pairs, and each pair of the curling rollers 1021 adopts a lateral groove roller, and the speeds of the front and rear pairs of rollers are also different, and the latter pair The roller speed is fast, and the front pair of rollers is slow, so that the two rollers are engaged like a gear to squeeze the hemp, so that the hemp becomes a corrugated curl, and the speed is different to increase the bending of the hemp fiber and the twist of the hemp. Thereby improving the cohesion of hemp fiber.
  • a baffle is arranged on both sides of the curling roller 1021 in the crimping box, and the width of the sliver is controlled together with the curling roller. And constitute the production track of the hemp.
  • the specific working process of the device of the present invention is as follows: the hemp strips in the puff tube are transferred to the hemp plate by the guide bar and the guide bar, and the hemp strips are evenly arranged on the hemp plate to form a hemp piece, which is fed. Feed the gerala, feed the madola intermittently, and let the slab advance along the periodicity.
  • the blade enters the feed cassette it is controlled by the feed comb in the feed cassette, and is moved toward the opened upper and lower nip plates under the clamping of the feed cassette and the feed comb. After the hemp piece enters the nipper plate, the hemp piece at the front end hangs on the round comb.
  • the upper and lower nipper plates are closed, and the hemp piece hanging on the round comb is held, and the small hairs mounted on the upper nipper plate are held.
  • the brush presses the front end of the fiber into the needle gap of the circular comb, receives the carding of the round comb, and simultaneously separates the short fiber impurities.
  • the nipper plate is at the lowest position, and the distance from the round comb is about 1 mm.
  • the round comb has a needle row in the circumferential range of 0 ⁇ 270°, and the needle row gradually increases in density and fineness in the direction of rotation. Reduce, and the round comb does not rotate at the same speed, which can ensure the good effect of the round comb on the fiber.
  • the carded fibers are straight, the staple fibers and impurities are brushed off by the brush under the round comb, and the brush speed is faster than the round comb to ensure the cleaning effect.
  • the short fibers that are brushed are gathered by the doffer, and the sickle is gathered. Cut off, fall into the falling box, weeds and other dust passages are thrown into the dust box.
  • the cart When the comb is combed, the cart is pulled back and moved to the round comb.
  • the head end of the fiber bundle enters the picking cart, and the pull roller is pulled for reverse rotation.
  • the tail end of the previous combing bundle is withdrawn from the length for the new combing.
  • the fiber ends are overlapped.
  • the lower interrupting knife acts as a guardian bundle.
  • the top comb is lowered, and the comb is inserted into the stalk, so that the tail end of the stalk is received and combed. Pulling the roller to accelerate the rotation, the upper knife is lowered, the lower knife is raised, the stalk is broken, and the long fiber is pulled out.
  • the stalks are removed, they are laid on the pick-up plate, fed into the bundling device, pressed by the pressure roller, crimped by the curling roller, gathered into the hemp strips, and into the puncture can.
  • the process of cutting the bast fibers may be carried out manually or mechanically, and the present invention provides a more practical device here, which makes the cutting speed fast and the length controllable.
  • the cutting device includes a "door" type frame 1101.
  • a motor 1102 is disposed at a bottom end of the frame 1101.
  • a transmission mechanism 1103 is connected to a drive shaft of the motor 1102, such as a set of belt transmissions. Pulley, or a set of sprocket driven by a chain, or a set of meshed gears.
  • the output of the transmission mechanism 1103 is coupled to a set of worm gear mechanisms 1104, i.e., the output shaft of the transmission mechanism 1103 is coupled to the worm 1105, and the worm 1105 reengages the worm gear 1106.
  • Worm gear mechanism The output end of 1104 is coupled to a set of crank linkages 1107, i.e., the crank disk 1108 of the crank linkage 1107 is sleeved over the central axis of the worm gear 1106, and a link 1109 is eccentrically coupled to the crank disk 1108. All the parts on the above motor, transmission mechanism, worm gear mechanism and crank linkage that need to be supported will be connected to the frame 1101 through the support.
  • a long strip of tool 1110 is mounted which spans between the two columns of the frame.
  • One end of the cutter 1110 is connected to the link 1109 via a pin 1111.
  • the other end of the tool is movably supported by the cross member of the frame.
  • the movable support is provided with a guide block 1112 on the cutter 1110, and a diagonal guide groove 1113 matching the guide block 1112 is disposed on the cross member of the frame;
  • a slanting guide groove is arranged on the cutter, and a guide block that cooperates with the guide groove is arranged on the cross member of the frame.
  • Guide blocks and guide grooves can also be placed at both ends of the beam to prevent offset and jitter during tool movement.
  • a feed tray 1114 and a discharge tray 1115 are respectively disposed on both sides of the frame below the cutter 1110.
  • a sipe 1116 is connected between the feed tray 1114 and the discharge tray 1115, and the sipe is directly opposite to the cutter disposed above.
  • the slash groove 1116 is provided with a hard spacer, and the spacer may be made of rubber, plastic, bakelite, wood plastic, fiberboard, wood block or the like. The hard mat can be replaced after it has worn out.
  • an automatic feeding device may be provided on the feeding tray 1114 and the discharging tray 1115, for example, an electric or pneumatically driven sliding pallet 1117 is mounted on the feeding pallet 1114, and the worm gear is in the worm gear.
  • a limit switch (not shown) is disposed on the mechanism 1104 or the crank link mechanism 1107, so that the link 1109 drives the cutter 1110 to move once per cycle, and the slide plate 1117 is started once.
  • a scale can be set on the feed tray 1114, the discharge tray 1115, and the slide tray 1117 to accurately calculate the length of the fiber cut to achieve a controllable length.
  • the motor drives the worm of the worm gear mechanism through the output shaft of the transmission mechanism, and the worm wheel of the worm gear mechanism synchronously drives the crank disk of the crank linkage mechanism to rotate, and the crank disk drives the eccentric link to move the link thereon, and the cutter is connected.
  • the oblique cutting motion of the tool can be realized by the movement of the guide block or the guiding groove on the tool and the guiding groove or the guiding block on the frame, so that the oblique cutting motion is more Quickly cut off the bast fiber.

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Description

一种轫皮麻纤维制作生产线 技术领域
本发明涉及麻纤维加工设备, 特别是关于一种靭皮麻纤维生产线。 背景技术
我国是化纤、 棉产、 纺织、服装出口的大国, 是纺织品主要的生产国,
2000年我国合成纤维的产量已突破 1000万吨, 占纤维总量 70%, 远高于 国际上 60%的比例, 天然纤维与化学纤维比例失调。 由于石油、 煤、 天然 气等为原料生产的合成纤维, 其资源不可再生, 终将枯竭。 因此, 可再生、 可循环、 绿色环保的再生资源, 越来越受到人们的关注。 我国改革开放以 来, 棉花供应二十多年以来, 一直处于紧缺状态。 我国蚕丝的历史主要产 在江浙一带, 由于土地资源严重奇缺, 纺织品附加值低, 其发展受到了很 大的限制, 十多年来, 总产量呈递减的趋势。 羊毛虽受人们的喜爱, 但我 国的年毛产量和质量难以满足国内需求, 近几年来, 每年进口大量原毛、 洗净毛、 毛条、 毛纱。
天然纤维中麻纤维的发展前景最为广阔, 除了苎麻、 亚麻、 黄麻、 大 麻可用于纺织品外, 其他的麻类 (剑麻、 蕉麻等) 纤维大多用于麻绳、 麻 袋等工业用的包装材料。
目前,亚麻纤维作物种植面积约在 300万亩,其种植面积已超过法国、 英国、 俄罗斯, 但我国平均产量和出麻率低, 比发达国家平均产量低 50% 左右。 由于我国亚麻加工工艺落后, 出麻率 (长麻) 只有 11%-13%, 而且 强度不高, 断头率高, 难以生产细纱, 急需开发新工艺、 新技术解决上述 问题。
我国苎麻常年种植面积在 150-300万亩, 纤维产量约 25万吨, 占世 界 90%以上, 但目前生产技术和生产设备落后, 多位上世纪五十、 六十年 代技术和设备, 生产效率低下, 生产环境恶劣, 生产过程产生大量污水, 造成环境污染严重, 严重影响了苎麻纤维加工发展。
大麻在我国是一个传统种植的麻类作物, 亩产纤维高于苎麻和亚麻, 大麻纤维具有优异的吸湿透气、 天然的抗菌保健、 柔软舒适、 抗紫外、 消 声吸音、 吸附异味等功能, 大麻纺织品具有独特的风格, 在欧美服装市场 十分流行。 但当前大麻纤维加工的主要瓶颈和制约因素有以下几个方面: ( 1 ) 大麻的种植: 不同用途的大麻纤维, 对大麻的种植和收获提出不同 的要求。 (2 ) 大麻靭皮纤维的制取: 即麻皮和麻杆的分离。 皮杆分离在我 国传统加工中, 属于劳动密集型加工, 即手剥工艺, 大大限制了加工效率, 增加了劳动成本。(3 )大麻靭皮纤维的脱胶: 大麻纤维和苎麻与亚麻相比, 木质素、 半纤维素和果胶等非纤维素成分的含量较高, 各成分在大麻靭皮 中的分布方式和脱除难易程度和其他麻靭皮不同, 而且大麻单纤维长度较 短,控制脱胶程度较难,这是国际纺织界多年来一直未能解决的技术难题。 (4) 传统大麻纤维加工工序长, 生产设备落后, 机械化、 自动化程度低, 劳动强度大, 生产效率低, 加工工艺落后, 能耗大, 污水多, 环保问题严 重, 纤维利用率低, 纤维品质差, 难以制成高档产品。 这些都是迫切需要 研究解决的难题。
发明内容
针对上述问题, 本发明的目的是对设备加以改进, 提供一种新的靭皮 麻纤维制作生产线。
为实现上述目的, 本发明采取以下技术方案: 一种靭皮麻纤维制作生 产线, 包括基于理麻、 切麻、 脱胶、 高温漂洗、 分纤水洗、 漂洗柔软、 烘 干、 软麻上油、 渗透养生、 牵切梳理、 精梳分理工艺过程的各装置, 其特 征在于: 所述切麻装置包括一 "门"字型机架, 机架一侧设置有一电机, 所述电机通过传动机构带动一组蜗轮蜗杆机构, 所述蜗轮蜗杆机构中的蜗 轮同轴连接一曲柄连杆机构的曲柄盘, 曲柄盘上偏心连接一连杆, 所述连 杆的另一端连接一刀具, 所述刀具横跨在机架的两道竖梁之间, 并活动支 撑在所述机架的横梁上, 所述刀具与机架横梁对应设置有斜向运动的导块 和导向槽, 刀具下方的机架两侧分别设置有一进料托板和一出料托板, 进 料托板与出料托板之间连接有一正对所述刀具的落刀槽, 所述进料托板和 出料托盘中至少一个设置有测量纤维长度的刻度; 所述脱胶装置包括机械 脱胶装置、 生物脱胶装置和高温蒸煮脱胶装置, 所述高温蒸煮脱胶装置也 用于高温漂洗; 所述分纤水洗装置包括一机架, 机架上设置循环的带孔输 送履带, 履带上方依次设置有喂入罗拉、 压辊、 若干间隔设置的打手和分 纤罗拉,所述打手和分纤罗拉之间设置有集束板、斜上方设置有高压喷头, 履带下方设置有集水槽, 履带末端设置有摆布机构; 所述牵切梳理装置包 括依次设置的牵切机构、 集束装置、 梳箱和成条筒, 所述牵切机构包括设 置在机架输入端的喂麻板和由电机驱动的喂入罗拉, 所述喂入罗拉输出端 前方设置有若干组牵拉单元, 每个所述牵拉单元设置有两个同步转动的支 撑罗拉, 且前方牵拉单元的支撑罗拉转速大于后方牵拉单元的支撑罗拉转 速, 每两所述支撑罗拉的顶部设置一由两支撑罗拉通过摩擦驱动的加压罗 拉, 所述加压罗拉的中心轴内设置有一连接机架的加压装置, 所述两支撑 罗拉的一端连接到传动机构, 所述两支撑罗拉的底部支撑在一移动装置 上; 所述精梳分理装置包括喂入机构、 钳板机构、 梳理机构、 拔取分离机 构、 出条机构、 清洁机构, 所述喂入机构包括有喂入架、 导条板、 导条罗 拉、 托麻板、 压辊、 喂给罗拉、 进给盒; 所述梳理机构包括圆梳和顶梳, 所述圆梳针条排布在 0〜270 ° 圆周范围,并且针条沿旋转方向密度逐渐增 加、 细度逐渐减小; 所述拔取分离机构包括拔取车、 拔取罗拉、 拔取皮板、 打断刀, 所述拔取车安装在一调节架上, 所述调节架一侧设置有把杆, 所 述调节架上开设有圆弧形滑槽, 在圆弧形滑槽中插设有螺栓, 所述螺栓紧 固到机架上, 松开所述螺栓, 扳动把杆可以使调节架沿圆弧形滑槽滑动; 所述出条机构中包括至少设置有两对卷曲罗拉, 所述卷曲罗拉表面设置有 横向沟槽; 所述梳理机构、 拔取分离机构中设置有断条自停装置、 绕麻自 停装置, 所述集装机构中设置有满筒自停装置。
所述机械脱胶装置包括喂入区、 机械揉搓区、 拍打除杂区、 出料区和 除杂装置,机械揉搓区包括由驱动电机带动的上、下两排成对设置的罗拉, 所述上排罗拉两端的顶部分别设置有一压力控制装置, 拍打除杂区包括一 布满通孔的传送带, 传送带的上带上方至少设置有两个上拍打辊, 传送带 的上带与下带之间至少设置有一个下拍打辊, 下拍打辊在传送方向上位于 所述两个上拍打辊之间。
所述生物脱胶装置包括接种系统、 生物发酵系统和灭菌系统, 所述接 种系统和所述生物发酵系统都包括一带盖的主缸、 一热水桶和一主泵, 所 述主缸的出液口连接所述主泵的进液口, 所述主缸的进液口通过一压缩空 气泵连接所述主泵的出液口; 所述主缸内壁设置有一蜷曲的盘管, 所述盘 管的两端分别通过管路连接所述热水桶的进水口和出水口, 其中一所述管 路上设置有一抽水泵; 所述灭菌系统包括一桶状带盖的灭菌主缸, 在所述 灭菌主缸的下部设置有一出液口, 出液口连接一主泵, 所述主泵的出水口 连接一换热装置, 所述换热装置的出水口连接所述灭菌主缸下部设置的一 进液口, 所述灭菌主缸的内下部设置有一布满孔眼的过滤板, 在所述灭菌 主缸的外部还设置有一副缸; 所述接种系统、 生物发酵系统和灭菌系统的 所述主缸内都设置有挂纱装置。
所述高温蒸煮脱胶装置包括一桶状带盖子的主缸, 所述主缸内设置有 挂纱装置, 所述主缸外部设置有一主泵, 所述主泵的进水口连接所述主缸 的出水口, 所述主泵的出水口连接一换热装置, 所述主缸的外部通过一具 有阀门的管路连接一供化学助剂的副缸。
所述挂纱装置为并联或串联的多个挂纱架, 每一挂纱架包括一中空 柱, 所述中空柱顶部封闭, 且设置有一吊具, 所述中空柱的左、 右两侧从 上到下间隔对称设置有若干层与所述中空柱连通的空心梁, 每一侧的各所 述空心梁的外端通过同一支撑柱连接成一体, 顶部第一层两根所述空心梁 上间隔设置有若干与所述空心梁连通的挂杆, 每根所述挂杆上半部设置有 若干孔眼, 第二层及以下的各所述空心梁上间隔设置有若干连通所述空心 梁, 且位置与相应所述挂杆对应的喷淋杆, 所述喷淋杆侧面设置有若干喷 淋孔, 所述中空柱和支撑柱底部连接有一布满网眼的纱架底盘, 所述中空 柱的末端设置有进液口, 所述两支撑柱上设置有包围的外筒, 所述外筒为 两两对称枢接在两所述支撑柱上的四块纱架挡板, 所述纱架挡板上布满出 水孔; 当多个挂纱架串联时, 最上部挂纱架的中空柱顶部是闭合的, 以下 各挂纱架中空柱的顶部是敞开的并且串通, 最下部挂纱架的中空柱底端设 置进液口, 各层挂纱架之间加设有盖体; 多个挂纱架并联放置时, 各挂纱 架中空柱底端设置的进液口并联在一起, 通过一个主泵循环, 各个挂纱架 的中空柱顶部都设置有一吊具。
所述漂洗柔软装置包括一机架, 在机架上设置有网眼履带, 从所述履 带的输送起始端至末端, 依次设置有喂入罗拉、 分纤罗拉、 轧水辊, 所述 喂入罗拉、 梳理罗拉设置在所述履带的上方, 梳理罗拉的上方设置有喷水 管, 所述轧水辊为对称设置在履带上、 下表面; 在履带的下方设置有能够 浸没履带的热水槽, 热水槽中设置有加热装置, 所述热水槽被保护在一罩 体内, 热水槽与机架下端的水循环处理装置相连; 在履带的末端设置有摆 布机构。
所述软麻上油装置包括一机架, 机架上除喂入单元外, 还设置有两组 以上挤压揉搓单元, 相邻挤压揉搓单元之间由支撑板连接, 每组挤压揉搓 单元均包括若干对上、 下啮合的罗拉, 各对罗拉分别由变频电机带动, 位 于上部的罗拉由加压装置加压, 在第一组挤压揉搓单元的第一对罗拉的入 口上方、 所述支撑板的上方和下方分别设置有高压喷油管, 位于下部罗拉 的下方设置有油杂分离装置, 油杂分离装置下方设置有油剂回收装置。
所述渗透养生装置包括一注有水的密闭室体, 所述室体内顶为一斜 面,在室体内设置有一麻纤维摆放装置,室体上设置有连通水的加热装置、 注水阀、 排水阀、 液位控制装置、 水温控制装置, 以及测定室体内气压的 气压计、 控制室体内气压的真空泵、 安全阀和排气阀, 密闭室体上设置有 密封门。
所述分纤水洗装置中,在履带的底部,与所述打手着落点对应位置处, 设置有一拱形钢制的承托板, 所述承托板的中间部位及两侧设置在两侧所 述机架滑道内, 沿所述履带运动方向的前、 后两端为活动端; 所述打手由 间隔 120° 的三个外覆有弹性橡胶的行星罗拉组成。
在所述牵切梳理装置中, 所述移动装置包括一托板, 所述托板的底部 通过一齿条连接一支撑在机架上的具有摇把的齿轮, 所述托板上支撑所述 两支撑罗拉, 所述两支撑罗轴的另一端分别连接一万向节传动轴, 所述万 向节传动轴的另一端连接分别连接一传动机构的输出齿轮; 所述牵切梳理 装置中, 所述梳箱为一种推排式针排结构, 包括前罗拉 /皮辊、 中罗拉 /皮 辊、 后罗拉 /皮辊, 在前罗拉 /皮辊与中罗拉 /皮辊之间设置有带沟槽的空 心边盘, 所述沟槽内设置有针板, 边盘中心设置一凸轮, 使凸轮转动时所 述针板沿凸轮截面滑动;所述精梳分理装置中,所述圆梳有全齿条式针条、 齿条式针条与针排式针条相结合两种形式, 在进行多道精梳时, 第一道精 梳采用全齿条式针条, 以后各道精梳采用齿条式针条与针排式针条相结合 形式, 所述顶梳有单排针条式和多排针条式两种, 在进行多道精梳时, 第 一道精梳采用单排式, 以后各道精梳采用多排式。
本发明由于采取以上技术方案, 其具有以下优点: 1、 采用无污染的 物理机械脱胶,通过上、下两排成对设置的罗垃对靭皮纤维进行反复挤压、 揉搓脱胶, 可降低生物化学脱胶难度和压力, 缩短处理时间, 减少污染排 放, 提高纤维分裂度, 有利生物化学脱胶的均匀性提高, 同时机械脱胶副 产物还可以搜集利用, 达到综合利用目的。 经试验, 在蒸煮前先采用机械 脱胶可去除 5%— 8%的大块胶质, 同时去除了皮杆分离不净所带来的杂质, 靭皮分裂度提高 10〜20%。 2、本发明生物脱胶装置由于设置有三组独立的 系统, 每组系统都包括一主缸, 主缸内放置挂纱架, 通过主缸内配制的处 理液对挂纱架上挂设的靭皮纤维进行处理, 因此, 含有生物菌种的溶液在 生产中可以多次使用, 有效地降低了成本, 提高了经济效益, 并且污水方 便收集, 易于集中处理, 大幅度减少了环境污染。 在主缸内设置一盘管, 盘管中的水由热水桶提供, 通过盘管中的热水散发的热量为主缸内的处理 液加热, 因此, 加热温度稳定, 可控制性强。 在脱胶结束后, 在灭菌体统 的主缸中加入一定的净洗介质和碱液,升温到 10CTC以上,保温 10〜30min, 实现对细菌的灭活作用, 又实现了对残留胶质的第一步清洗, 直接保证了 细菌不至于流失到外界环境当中, 而且减少了后处理的负担。 3、 高温蒸 煮装置设置有一主缸, 主缸的外部设置有一主泵和一加热装置, 主缸内的 处理液在主缸和主泵之间可以循环流动, 并且同时通过加热装置给循环的 处理液加热, 因此, 保证了主缸内的处理液温度维持在设定的范围内。 在 主缸外部设置有一副缸, 副缸可以为主缸补充化学助剂或漂洗剂, 因此, 保证了主缸内工作所需。 在主缸外设置有一主泵, 主缸内放置挂纱装置, 挂纱装置上挂靭皮纤维, 发明的装置可实现缸内喷淋和高效循环, 加工均 匀程度远高于传统液体循环加工装置。 4、 各装置中应用的挂纱架, 设置 了中空柱, 在中空柱两侧设置了至少一层空心梁, 在顶部的空心梁上设置 挂杆, 挂干中上部开有若干孔眼, 在以下各层空心梁上设置喷淋杆, 喷淋 杆在侧面开设孔眼。 因此启动主泵时, 处理液可以从各挂杆上的孔眼喷出 对靭皮纤维进全方位的喷淋处理, 而且可以处理得十分均匀一致且透彻。 在中空柱底部设置有网眼底盘, 因此既可以使处理液流挂纱装置, 又可以 防止散乱纤维掉入装有处理液的缸体内, 使处理液循环顺畅。 多个挂纱架 可以串联起来为一连通体, 便于处理液的循环。 在中空柱顶部设置有一吊 具, 因此可以通过起吊设备将其移入处理罐中, 即便是多个串联使用, 移 动也非常方便。 串联时在两挂纱架之间设置了一个盖体, 因此当挂纱装置 串联使用时, 可以防止上面挂纱装置的水漏下来, 以使上面漏下的水通过 外筒上的出水孔排出,使上、下不同串联位置的挂纱装置的处理效果一致。 5、 本发明分纤水洗装置设置多组分纤水洗单元, 每一组分纤水洗单元设 置有若干间隔的打手和分纤罗拉, 高压水流冲洗、打手敲击、集束板聚拢、 分纤罗拉梳理, 因此可以使得麻纤维被敲击得更加均匀,纤维分裂度更好, 大大提高了可纺性能, 比常规处理节约 3 倍用水。 6、 本发明软麻上油装 置设置变速各对罗拉进行挤压揉搓, 同时上油软化, 进一步提高了对精干 麻软化的效果, 大大提高了麻纤维的可纺性能。 7、 本发明麻纤维牵切梳 理装置将拉直、 牵伸、 拉断、 集束和梳理有机结合起来, 一步制成可供纺 制粗支纱的大麻条, 缩短工序, 降低成本, 在纺制高支纱时, 才需要进行 精梳。 通过对牵切机构的速度控制、 压力控制、 隔距控制, 得到不同长度 的麻纤维条, 提高了纤维长度的可控性。 8、 本发明精梳分理装置分别对 梳成麻条和落物进行分梳分离, 逐级分离提取出不同长度和细度的纤维, 获得更加均匀细直和规定长度的纤维, 经梳理后的麻条能够直接用于纺织 工序。 9、 本发明采用快速渗透养生机、 高速针梳机、 高速精梳机、 带自 调匀整并条机联合处理等, 改变了传统麻纺纱工艺, 提高了生产效率, 提 高了长麻得率, 生产的麻纤维质量稳定, 便于后工序加工。
附图说明
图 1是本发明机械脱胶装置主视示意图
图 2是图 1的俯视图
图 3是本发明挂纱架主视图示意图
图 4是图 3的俯视图
图 5是本发明生物脱胶装置发酵系统示意图
图 6是本发明生物脱胶装置灭菌系统示意图
图 7是本发明高温蒸煮和高温漂洗装置示意图
图 8是本发明分纤水洗装置示意图
图 8A是分纤水洗装置中打手的一个实施例示意图
图 8B是图 8A的侧视图
图 8C是分纤水洗装置中打手的另一个实施例示意图
图 8D是图 8C的侧视图
图 9是本发明漂洗柔软装置示意图
图 10是本发明机械柔软装置示意图
图 11是本发明渗透养生装置示意图
图 12是本发明牵切梳理装置的示意图
图 12A是牵切梳理装置中托板移动装置示意图
图 12B是牵切梳理装置中支撑罗拉的驱动示意图
图 12C是牵切梳理装置中加压罗拉的加压示意图
图 12D是牵切梳理装置中推排式梳箱的示意图
图 13是本发明精梳分理装置的结构示意图
图 14是根稍切断装置示意图
图 14A是图 14的侧视示意图
图 14B是图 14A的 A-A剖视图
本发明最佳实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。
靭皮麻纤维的基本工艺过程是将麻皮开包、 分拣, 将根、 稍切除, 在 机械脱胶设备上进行机械脱胶; 机械脱胶后的麻装笼, 进行生物和 /或高 温蒸煮脱胶, 高温漂洗, 然后经分纤水洗、 漂洗柔软、 射频烘干制成精干 麻, 精干麻经机械柔软、 养生后, 通过牵切梳理、 精梳、 并条制成长麻纤 维条; 对于精梳落麻, 进行分梳分级, 制成短麻纤维。 在上述各工艺路线中, 对于机械脱胶、 生物脱胶、 高温蒸煮、 高温漂 洗、 分纤水洗、 漂洗柔软、 机械软麻上油、 快速渗透养生、 牵切梳理、 精 梳分理等设备较以前有所改进, 现分别予以详细介绍。
一、 机械脱胶装置
如图 1、 图 2所示, 本发明包括一喂入区 101, 喂入区 101连接一机 械揉搓区 102、 机械揉搓区 102连接一拍打除杂区 103, 拍打除杂区 103 连接一出料区 104, 以及设置在上述各区上部和下部的除杂装置 105。 经 过前期整理成把的靭皮纤维在喂入区 101摊开铺平,送入机械揉搓区 102。 机械揉搓区 102包括上、 下两排成对设置的沟槽罗拉 106、 107, 上排沟槽 罗拉 106两端的顶部分别设置有压力控制装置 108,可以根据需要的压力, 调节上、 下沟槽罗拉 106、 107之间的间距。 下排沟槽罗拉 107 中的一个 可以通过一驱动电机 109带动转动, 其他上、 下沟槽罗拉通过齿轮啮合传 动, 也可以将上、 下沟槽罗拉 106、 107 设置成几个组, 每个组通过一个 驱动电机 109驱动。工作过程中,可以通过调节驱动电机 109的转动方向、 速度和转动时间, 进而调节上、 下沟槽罗拉 106、 107 的前进速度、 后退 速度、 前进时间和后退时间, 使靭皮纤维在机械揉搓区 102来回挤压、 揉 搓,迫使靭皮纤维上的胶质破碎脱落。压力控制装置 108可以是油压装置、 气压装置或弹簧装置, 本发明采用弹簧装置, 使用时可以通过调节螺栓调 节施加在上排沟槽罗拉 106上的压力, 进而调节上、 下沟槽罗拉 106、 107 之间的间距。
本发明的拍打除杂区 103包括一布满通孔的传送带 110,在传送带 110 上带的上方至少设置有两个上拍打辊 111, 在传送带 110上带与下带之间 至少设置有一个下拍打辊 112, 下拍打辊 112在传送方向上位于两个上拍 打辊 111之间。 上、 下拍打辊 111、 112可以采用各种结构形式, 比如本 实施例中是采用间隔 120° 设置的三个胶辊组合的形式。 传送带 110两侧 设置有限位结构 113, 防止靭皮纤维在拍打过程中, 从传送带上掉落。 靭 皮纤维经机械揉搓区 102挤压脱胶后, 进入拍打除杂区 103的传送带上, 通过上、 下拍打辊 111、 112 的间歇性拍打, 可以使靭皮纤维上脱落的灰 尘和胶粒从传送带 110上的通孔中排出。
出料区 104包括一出料平台 114, 出料平台 114的上表面布满了孔眼
115, 通过人工或机械抖动可以进一步除杂, 使靭皮纤维上的灰尘和胶粒 通过出料平台 114上的孔眼 115落下。 最后将机械脱胶后的纤维再结扎成 把既可。 除杂装置 105包括一设置在机械揉搓区 102和拍打除杂区 103上方连 接有抽风机的除尘罩 116, 一设置在机械揉搓区 102、 拍打除杂区 103和 出料区 104下方连接有一风筒的除杂输送带 117, 风筒连接抽风机 (图中 未示出)。
上述实施例中,上、下沟槽罗拉 106、 107可以是 10〜40对,优选 20〜
30对。 上、 下沟槽罗拉 106、 107的齿形可以是圆形齿、 直齿和梯形齿等, 齿形的高度可以是 1〜30讓, 优选 10〜20讓; 齿宽度可以是 5〜30讓, 优 选 10〜25mm; 上、 下沟槽罗拉 106、 107的直径可以是 100〜200mm, 优选 140〜180mm; 沟槽罗拉 106的沟槽可以是直沟槽或斜沟槽; 每对上、 下沟 槽罗拉 106、 107之间的间距可以是 0. l〜2cm, 优选 0. 5〜lcm。 工作过程 中, 随着靭皮纤维的走向, 上、 下沟槽罗拉 106、 107上的齿数由少到多, 沟槽深度由深到浅, 压力控制装置 108对上排沟槽罗拉 106上的压力由小 到大, 这样既可以有效地达到揉搓充分的目的, 又可以避免损坏上、 下沟 槽罗拉 106、 107上的轮齿。 上、 下沟槽罗拉 106、 107也可用胶辊罗拉或 平板罗拉代替, 但是其脱胶效果不如沟槽罗拉好。 在拍打除杂区 103也可 以不设置拍打辊, 而通过人工进行拍打、 抖动。
机械脱胶的工作过程为: 靭皮纤维分把喂入上、 下罗拉之间, 通过调 节电机的正、 反方向转动, 对靭皮纤维进行反复的挤压、 揉搓, 实现靭皮 纤维上的胶质的挤碎脱离; 传送带输送纤维的同时, 对纤维上的胶粒和灰 尘进行人工或机械拍打除杂; 处理后的靭皮纤维通过人工或机械抖动进一 步除杂后, 结扎成把即可。
二、 挂纱架
挂纱架是用于悬挂麻纤维的, 在生物脱胶、 高温蒸煮脱胶以及高温漂 洗过程中都要用, 因此独立予以介绍。
如图 3、 图 4所示, 挂纱架包括一中空柱 201, 中空柱 201左、 右两 侧从上到下间隔对称设置有若干层空心梁 202,各空心梁 202与中空柱 201 连通, 每一侧的各空心梁 202的外端通过同一支撑柱 203连接成一体, 支 撑柱 203可伸缩。 顶部第一层两根空心梁 202上间隔设置有若干水平垂直 于空心梁 202的挂杆 204, 每根挂杆 204均与空心梁 202连通, 且每根挂 杆 204上设置有若干孔眼。 第二层及以下的各空心梁 202上间隔设置有若 干连通空心梁 202 的喷淋杆 (图中未示出), 各喷淋杆的设置位置与相应 挂杆 204的位置对应, 喷淋杆上设置有若干喷淋孔。 中空柱 201和支撑柱 203底部连接有一布满网眼的纱架底盘 205, 中空柱 201 的末端设置有一 管路连接口 206。
上述实施例中, 第一层挂杆 204的孔眼一般是设置在杆的上半部, 即 成排设置在其顶部和两侧偏上部位, 以使从孔眼中喷出的水喷向杆顶部的 靭皮纤维, 以消除加工死角。 第二层及以下各层的喷淋杆的孔眼可以仅设 置在两侧, 顶部不设置。
中空柱 201的顶部是闭合的, 其上设置有一吊具, 通过起吊装置可以 将挂纱架吊入主缸内,中空柱 201底端的管路连接口 206与进液管路连接。
在生物脱胶、 高温蒸煮脱胶以及高温漂洗过程中, 可以使用多个串联 或并联的挂纱架。 并联时每个挂纱架的顶部都设置有一吊具。 串联时, 最 上部挂纱架的中空柱 201顶部是闭合的, 以下各挂纱架中空柱的顶部是敞 开的, 最下部挂纱架的中空柱 201底端设置的管路连接口 206与进液口连 接, 以便使各中空柱连通成一根共用的进水管。 为了使各挂纱架形成一个 相对独立的操作空间, 在各层挂纱架之间加入一盖体 207, 以使上面流下 的处理液从盖体 207的外周流出。 防止上、 下层的靭皮纤维处理效果不均 匀, 同时可以避免上层杂物落入下层挂纱架中。 并联放置挂纱架时, 各挂 纱架中空柱底端设置的管路连接口并联在一起, 通过一个主泵循环。
上述各实施例中, 可以在两支撑柱 203上设置将整个挂纱架包围其中 的一外筒, 外筒可以采用四块弧形的纱架挡板 208, 纱架挡板 208两两对 称枢接在两支撑柱 203上, 使两侧的两纱架挡板 208形成可以关闭和锁紧 的两扇门, 这样, 当靭皮纤维在挂杆 204上挂满后, 可以将两对纱架挡板 208关闭, 形成一个整体的外筒, 外筒上布满了出水孔。
上述实施例中, 中空柱 201上也可以设置有一层空心梁 202, 两根空 心梁 202上间隔设置有若干与空心梁 202呈水平垂直的挂杆 204, 每根挂 杆 204均与空心梁 202连通, 且每根挂杆 204上设置有若干孔眼。
使用时, 先将一束一束的靭皮纤维并排挂在挂杆上, 根据靭皮纤维的 长短, 调制空心梁与纱架底盘之间的距离, 当所有的挂杆都挂满靭皮纤维 后, 将外筒关闭, 再将盖体套入中空柱, 然后通过起吊设备连接吊具并将 整个挂纱装置吊入一缸体中, 并将中空柱底端的管路连接口通过管路连接 主泵的出口, 主泵的入口连接处理液存放装置, 同时主泵的入口还通过管 路连接缸体。 一旦开启主泵, 就可以将处理液泵入中空柱中, 处理液分别 通过挂杆上的孔眼喷射淋在靭皮纤维上, 落下的处理液可以透过纱架底盘 上的网眼, 通过连接管路连接处理液存放装置,完成整个处理循环。
三、 生物脱胶装置 如图 5、 图 6所示, 生物脱胶装置包括生物发酵系统、 接种系统和灭 菌系统。
生物发酵系统包括一带盖的主缸 301、 一热水桶 302和一主泵 303。 主缸 301 内壁或底部设置有一蜷曲的盘管 304, 盘管 304的两端分别通过 管路连接热水桶 302 的进水口和出水口, 其中一管路上设置有一抽水泵 305, 工作过程中, 热水桶 302中的水在抽水泵 305的作用下, 在主缸 301 的盘管 304和热水桶 302之间循环流动, 通过盘管 304散发的热量为主缸 301 内的处理液 (培养液) 加热, 并维持主缸 301 内的处理液温度在设定 的范围内。 主缸 301下部分别设置有一进液口 306和一出液口 307, 进液 口 306通过一压缩空气泵 308连接主泵 303的出液口, 主泵 303的进液口 连接主缸 301的出液口 307, 主缸 301 内的处理液 (培养液) 可通过主泵 303的作用形成自身循环, 并且通过压缩空气泵 308给处理液 (培养液) 补充空气,其中,压缩空气泵 308上还设置有一空气除菌过滤器。主缸 301 的上部设置有一具有阀门的进水口 309, 通过开启进水口 309的阀门, 向 主缸 301 内加水, 主缸 301的侧上部设置有一具有阀门的进液口 310, 菌 种培养液装置中的培养液可以通过进液口 310注入到主缸 301内。 主缸的 底部设置有一废液口 311, 可以用于废液的排放。
接种系统的结构组成和连接与生物发酵系统基本相同, 也包括主缸、 热水桶、 主泵等, 在此不再详细说明。
如图 6所示, 灭菌系统包括一桶状带盖的主缸 312, 在主缸 312的下 部设置有一循环出液口 313, 循环出液口 313连接一主泵 314, 主泵 314 的出水口连接一换热装置 315, 换热装置 315的出水口连接主缸 312下部 设置的一循环进液口 316, 主缸 312的内下部设置有一布满孔眼的过滤板 317, 主缸的上部侧壁上分别设置有一具有阀门的进水口 318 和一具有阀 门的进液口 319, 开启阀门可分别向主缸 312内注入水和处理液, 主缸下 部设置有一具有阀门的废液口 320, 开启阀门, 可通过废液口 320将主缸 312 内的废液排放掉。 在主缸 312 的外部还设置有一副缸 321, 副缸 321 的作用是为主缸 312添加化学助剂。
在生物发酵系统、 接种系统、 灭菌系统的主缸内分别设置有上述的挂 纱架。
四、 高温蒸煮脱胶和高温漂洗应用的是同一装置, 因此在此统一进行 说明。 本发明提到的对 "靭皮纤维" 的液体循环加工, 包括对纱线的液体 循环加工。 如图 7所示, 它包括一桶状带盖子的主缸 401, 在主缸 401 内设置有 挂纱装置 402,主缸 401与挂纱装置 402的周向边缘之间具有一定的间隙。 在主缸 401的外部设置有一个主泵 403, 主泵 403的出水口连接一换热装 置 404, 换热装置 404的出水口连接主缸内挂纱装置 402的进水口, 主缸 401的出水口连接主泵 403的进水口。 在主缸的外部还设置有一副缸 405, 副缸的作用是为主缸补充化学助剂。
这里的挂纱装置 402可以为上述提到的挂纱架, 主缸 401内可以串连 放置多个挂纱装置 402 。主缸 401内的下部, 设置有一布满孔眼的过滤板 406, 主缸底部连接主泵 403的管路上可以设置一具有阀门 407的废液口, 开启阀门 407, 废液口可用于将主缸内废液的排出。 在主缸 401的侧壁上 可以设置一具有阀门的进水口 408, 使主缸在不打开顶部盖子的情况下仍 然可以通过阀门和进水口进水。 在主缸的侧壁上还设置一具有阀门 409的 管路, 以连接副缸的出液口, 开启阀门, 副缸便可以向主缸内补充化学助 剂或其它液体。
高温蒸煮脱胶和高温漂洗的区别在于, 加入的试剂不一样, 温度不一 样, 液体循环时间不一样。 上述生物脱胶过程与高温煮漂脱胶过程可以结 合进行, 先进行生物脱胶, 后进行高温煮漂脱胶。 两个过程也可以独立进 行, 即机械脱胶后, 只进行生物脱胶或蒸煮脱胶, 然后再进行高温漂洗 五、 分纤水洗装置
如图 8 所示, 本装置包括一机架 (图中未标出), 在机架上设置有输 送履带 501。 履带 501采用全程无缝接口的带孔履带, 在履带 501的上方 设置有喂入区 502、 分纤漂洗区 503和输出区 504, 各工作区部件均由机 架支撑, 履带 501将各工作区联系起来。 履带的下方设置有集水槽 505。 装置有变频单元控制。
喂入区 502设置在履带输送的起始端, 主要包括一组喂入罗拉 506, 还可以设置一组压辊, 主要作用是将麻纤维进行初步碾压并送入到其它工 作区。
分纤漂洗区 503包括有若干组相同的分纤水洗单元 507, 一般设置三 组较为适宜, 各组分纤水洗单元之间可以夹设同喂入区一样的压辊和喂入 罗拉。 每一组分纤水洗单元 507中都包含有若干间隔设置的打手 508和分 纤罗拉 509, 在最后一组分纤水洗单元的末端设置有轧水辊 510。 在打手 508和分纤罗拉 509之间, 以及分纤罗拉 509和轧水辊 510之间设置有集 束板 511, 集束板作用是将麻纤维聚拢在履带 501上防止跑偏, 它固定在 机架上, 并且不与履带、 罗拉等相碰。 在打手 508和分纤罗拉 509的斜上 方分别设置有高压水管 512, 高压水管 512上设置有若干个喷头 513, 对 各打手 508、 分纤罗拉 509进行清洗防止罗拉缠绕杂物, 并且能实现对履 带上的麻纤维浸泡, 使胶质分离。 其中, 高压水管内可以采用 20〜80°C热 水对麻纤维进行冲洗浸泡, 这样有利于去除麻纤维的胶质。
在靠近打手 508的前后侧面上、 下部位, 在与水溅出的切线方向上, 分别设置有集杂槽 (图中未标出), 集杂槽两侧通过固定件固定在机架上 并与机架留有一定间隙, 底部与履带也具有一定间隙。 集杂槽可以将高压 水流喷到麻纤维和各罗拉上的反溅水和溅起的杂物收集, 并通过与集杂槽 连接的一个通往装置外部的单独管道排出, 从而保持打手和分纤罗拉的干 净。 在履带的底部, 与打手 508着落点对应位置处, 设置有一拱形钢制的 承托板 514, 承托板 514的中间部位及两侧设置在两侧机架的滑道内, 沿 履带运动方向的前、 后两端为活动端, 进而使承托板实现了上、 下、 前、 后的移动, 通过承托板的上、 下移动, 控制打手的打击力度; 通过承托板 的前、 后移动控制打手的打击距离。 因此承托板的设置不仅能增加打手的 敲击力, 还可以增强履带的震动, 使胶质和纤维的结合力减弱, 促使胶质 松脱滑落。 轧水辊 510为分别位于履带上、 下的两个轧辊组成的一组同步 辊。 轧水辊的轧余率可由气动装置调节。
在输出区 504, 也可设置有轧水辊和集束板, 紧随轧水辊之后, 在履 带末端的斜下方, 设置一摆麻机构 515。 麻纤维经多组工作单元分纤水洗 后, 随着履带运动, 最后经轧水辊挤压, 经过麻纤维的往复摆动后摆成麻 带落入摆麻机构, 摆麻机构为由斗状连杆带动的往复弧形运动的机构。
以上各区段的工作均由变频电控单元进行控制工作, 各工作区的工作 速率可以一样, 也可以不一样; 水洗区的不同工作单元之间, 工作速率也 可以一样, 也可以不一样。
上述实施例中, 各分纤水洗单元前端和中间部位的分纤罗拉 509表面 设置有与轴线方向平行的直沟槽, 其作用在对纤维进行拍打时, 对纤维压 紧限位。 而在靠近分纤水洗单元输出端的分纤罗拉 509表面, 设置有若干 环形沟槽, 其作用是对纤维进行分纤梳理。 另外根据分纤水洗单元的设置 顺序, 可以逐渐减小分纤罗拉 509沟槽的间距和深度, 使分纤后的纤维更 加有条理。
上述实施例中, 打手 508可以采取各种结构形式, 如图 8A、 图 8B所 示, 打手 508可以为: 包括一由电机带动的主轴 516, 主轴 516的两端分 别固定连接一具有三个突出端的连接板 517, 在连接板的每一个伸出端上 连接一个摆杆 518,每两个对应设置的摆杆的另一端连接一个行星罗拉 519 的中心轴 520两端, 每个行星罗拉 519表面都设置有胶层, 且主轴 516通 过传动机构连接电机。 当主轴 516在电机的带动下转动时, 通过两端的各 连接板 517带动各摆杆 518做公转, 再通过两端的各摆杆 518带动三个行 星罗拉 519做公转的同时, 以摆杆 518的连接点为轴做摆动, 同时各行星 罗拉 519还可以围绕中心轴 520做自转。 当上述打手 508被驱动旋转时, 各行星罗拉 519在驱动力和重力的双重作用下重重落下, 与承托板 514配 合对履带上的纤维束进行有力的拍打, 使胶质和纤维的结合力减弱, 促使 胶质松脱滑落, 同时在高压水管高压喷射作用及分纤罗拉 509的分纤作用 下, 更好地去除纤维上的胶质。
如图 8C、 图 8D所示, 打手 508还可以为: 包括一主轴 521, 在主轴 521 的两端分别固定连接一连接板 522, 在两端的连接板 522上并排连接 三根拍动辊 523, 在主轴 521 的两端分别顶设有一凸轮 524, 两端各凸轮 524通过凸轮轴支撑在机架的履带两边,各凸轮轴通过传动机构连接电机。 当电机带动两端的凸轮 524转动时, 凸轮可以通过对主轴 521的顶压将整 个打手 508垂直抬起, 然后又垂直落下, 从而对纤维实现拍打。 除使用上 述描述的各种打手 508以外, 还可以等同替换为其它现有技术中的各种拍 打装置; 另外本发明的打手 4的拍打频率可以通过变频电机的调节有所变 化。
六、 漂洗柔软装置
如图 9 所示, 该装置包括一机架 (图中未标出), 在机架上设置有输 送履带 601。 履带 601采用全程无缝接口的网眼履带, 在履带 601的上、 下方设置有不同的部件, 按功能分为喂入区 602、 漂洗柔软区 603和输出 区 604, 各工作区部件均由机架支撑, 并由履带 601将各工作区联系起来。 机架的下部设置有水循环处理装置 605。 机架的外侧安装有变频电机 (图 中未标出), 控制各部件的运行。
喂入区 602位于履带 601的输送起始端。 在喂入区, 主要包括设置在 履带上方的喂入罗拉 606, 作用是将麻纤维送入到漂洗柔软区 603。 也可 以在喂入罗拉 606之前设置一组轧水辊, 目的是将麻纤维在上道工序中带 来的过多水分挤压掉, 方便喂入。
在履带下方安装有一热水槽 34, 热水槽 34中的水保证能浸没过履带 1上的纤维, 热水槽 34中设置有加热装置 35, 以保持水温在 20〜100°C范 围内, 加热装置 35可以采用电加热等多种方式。 在漂洗柔软区 3, 包括热 水槽 34、 履带 1、 分纤罗拉 31、 喷水管 32在内, 被置于一罩体 36内, 可 以较好地保证热水槽 34中水温。
紧接喂入区 602 的是漂洗柔软区 603, 在漂洗柔软区 603, 履带上方 主要有若干沿履带前进方向间隔设置的分纤罗拉 607, 分纤罗拉 607为沿 圆周方向带有间隔沟槽的纵向沟槽罗拉, 沟槽宽为 l〜30 mm, 深为 1〜50 mm, 相邻沟槽间隔为 l〜50 mm。 分纤罗拉 607与履带间稍有间隙, 罗拉的 中心轴在两端支撑在机架上; 在每一梳理罗拉 607的上方都设置有高压喷 水管 608, 喷水管 608上设置有一排正对梳理罗拉 607的喷头, 喷头对梳 理罗拉进行清洗防止罗拉缠绕杂物, 同时在水中加软化剂实现对麻纤维软 化, 使胶质分离。 在履带 601上方靠近履带两侧的机架上, 且在每相邻的 两个梳理罗拉之间各设置一组防偏挡板 609, 偏挡板 609固定在机架上。 防偏挡板 609的作用是将麻纤维聚拢在履带 601上, 防止纤维跑偏掉落。 在履带下方安装有热水槽 610, 热水槽 610中的水保证能浸没过履带上的 麻纤维。 热水槽中设置有加热装置 613, 保持水温在 20〜100°C范围内。 加热装置 613可以采用电加热等多种方式。 在漂洗柔软区 603, 包括热水 槽、履带、梳理罗拉、 喷水管在内, 被置于一罩体 611中。水循环管路 612 连通于热水槽 610与水循环处理装置 605之间。 热水槽 610中也可以加入 适量与喷水管 608中相同的试剂, 保证漂洗充分。 分纤罗拉 607、 喷水管 608、 热水槽 610、 加热装置 613、 罩体 61 1这样的组合可以独立地串联设 置多组, 各组之间的温度和试剂可以有所不同。
漂洗柔软区 603之后连接的是输出区 604, 在输出区 604, 设置有轧 水辊 614, 轧水辊 614为一对, 共同与履带发生碾压。 在梳理罗拉 607和 轧水辊 614之间也可以设置防偏挡板。 在履带 601末端, 与履带的回转区 衔接设置一摆麻机构 615, 在履带运动方向上有规律地往复摆动。 从履带 上输出的纤维在下落到摆麻机构上的同时, 随摆麻机构的摆动, 被码放成 折叠状。
上述实施例中, 前端的轧水辊以及后端的轧水辊都是由位于履带上、 下的两个轧辊组成的一组同步辊。 两个同步辊的轧余率可由气动装置 (图 中未标出) 调节, 比如在机架上安装一汽缸, 使得汽缸的活塞伸出端能触 及到履带上方的轧辊上, 这样, 调整活塞的伸缩量就可以控制上方轧辊与 下方轧辊的间隙。
以上各区段的工作均由变频电机进行控制, 可以是一个变频电机同时 控制几个罗拉, 也可以是多个变频电机分别控制单个的罗拉。
七、 机械软麻上油装置
如图 10所示, 本装置包括一机架 701, 机架上设置有两组以上的工作 单元 702, 每组工作单元均由一变频电机 703为其运行供电, 并控制工作 单元内各部件的运行速度和方向。 相邻两组工作单元之间通过一中间带有 狭缝的支撑板 704连接。 每组工作单元包括若干对平行设置的罗拉 705, 相邻的每对罗拉 705之间具有一定的间隙,且每对罗拉 705为上、下啮合, 各罗拉的中心轴固定在机架的两侧。 位于上部的各罗拉顶部分别设置有一 与其相对应的加压装置 706, 加压装置可以采用一气缸 (图中未标出) 进 行加压, 气缸安装在机架上, 气缸的伸出端与各上部罗拉 705对应, 当气 缸开启时, 由气缸的伸出端对各上部罗拉 705进行加压, 使得各上部罗拉 通过自身的重力和加压装置施加的压力与各下部罗拉的间隙缩小, 实现了 对经过上、 下罗拉之间精干麻的挤压。
在第一组工作单元中的第一对罗拉 705的斜上方设置有一高压喷油管 707, 喷油管上分别设置有若干扇形的高压喷油嘴, 并在支撑板 704 的上 方和下方也分别设置有一带有若干扇形高压喷油嘴的高压喷油管 707。 软 麻油剂分别由各喷油嘴均匀的喷洒到经过第一对罗拉之间和支撑板上部 的的精干麻上, 以及由位于支撑板下部的各喷油嘴通过支撑板上的狭缝均 匀喷洒到精干麻上,软麻油渗透到精干麻内部,实现对精干麻的软化加工。 位于下部的各罗拉 705下方设置有一油槽状的油杂分离装置 708, 油杂分 离装置下方设置有一油剂回收装置 709, 用于将经过油杂分离装置分离除 去杂质后的油剂回收再利用, 以便节省加工成本。 油杂分离装置 708包括 两层由不锈钢材料制成的滤网 710, 在机架两侧与两层滤网相对应的位置 分别设置有凹槽, 两层滤网的两端分别嵌入各自对应的凹槽内, 可以实现 抽出更换的功能。 当其中一层滤网 710弄脏需要清洗时, 可以随时抽出, 而不会影响整个设备的连续运行。
上述实施例中, 各罗拉 705可以采用带有沟槽的罗拉、 胶辊或者平板 罗拉。 上加压装置 706的加压方式还可以采用液压或者弹簧加压, 在本发 明中加压装置采用气压加压方式。 变频电机 703对各对罗拉 705进行变频 控制, 使得上、 下每对罗拉进行往复运动和正反转动。 本发明的每对罗拉 705采用的前进时间为 0〜5秒, 最佳前进时间为 0. 5〜1. 2秒; 后退时间 为 0〜5秒, 最佳后退时间为 0. 4〜1. 1秒。 每对罗拉采用的速度为 0〜30 转 /分, 最佳速度为 15〜25转 /分。 本发明通过上部各罗拉 705 自身的重 力或者加压装置 706施加的压力, 以及上、 下各对罗拉 705的往复运动和 正反转动的速差对喂入的精干麻进行反复的挤压、 揉搓, 使麻纤维柔软、 松散。 同时, 借助上、 下若干扇形的喷嘴将软麻油剂均匀的喷洒到松散的 精干麻上, 在上、 下各对罗拉 705的反复碾压下, 软麻油剂均匀的渗透到 精干麻内部, 从而完成机械软麻加工。
八、 渗透养生装置
如图 11所示, 本发明装置包括一密闭室体 801, 室体的内顶部为一斜 面,这样可以防止冷凝水滴落在养生试样上,造成纤维回潮不一致的现象。 在室体 801内设置有一麻纤维堆放装置, 麻纤维堆放装置可以为一通过支 架 802架设的网眼平板 803, 也可以为一通过挂钩悬置在室体中的挂架。 在室体 801 内注入一些水, 室体的底部就会自然形成一水槽 804。 室体上 还设置有连通水槽 804的加热装置 805、 注水阀 806、 排水阀 807、 液位控 制装置 808、 水温控制装置 809, 以及测定室体内气压的气压计 810, 控制 室体内气压的真空泵 811、 安全阀 812和排气阀 813。
在应用本发明装置进行麻纤维渗透养生时, 在网眼平板 803上面放置 麻纤维, 水槽 804中的水面要低于网眼平板 803。 加热装置 805可以对水 槽内的水进行加热, 产生水蒸汽, 并使蒸汽渗透到麻纤维的各部分。 液位 控制装置 808包括液位传感器 814和液位显示器 815, 液位传感器设置在 水槽内, 液位显示器设置在室体外部, 以显示液位传感器探测到的水槽内 的水位。 水温控制装置 809包括温度传感器 816和温度显示器 817, 温度 传感器插设在水槽内, 温度显示器设置在室体外部, 以显示温度传感器探 测到的水槽内水的加热温度。 气压计 810包括气压感应端 818和气压显示 器 819, 压力感应端位于室体内, 压力显示器设置在室体外部, 以显示压 力感应端探测到的体内气压大小。 真空泵 811用于对室体抽真空, 将室体 内的干燥空气抽走。 安全阀 812用于自动调节室体内的气压, 使气压维系 在室体所能承受的最大气压范围内。 排气阀 813用于养生结束后的排气。 室体上开设有一带有窗口的密封门 820, 用作放置麻纤维的通道。
加热装置 805可以为一加热水管, 加热水管内通入高温热蒸汽或水, 使加热水管对水槽内的水进行加热时。 加热装置也可以是一导热性能良好 的电加热棒。
上述各实施例中, 当麻纤维堆放装置网眼平板 803时, 密封门 820略 高于网眼平板即可。 且在支架 802和平板 803上, 对应设置有正对密封门 820的导轨, 通过导轨可以方便地将网眼平板 803送入室体内, 且使麻纤 维摆放均匀。
九、 牵切梳理装置
如图 12所示,本发明的牵切梳理装置包括依次设置的牵切机构、集束 装置、 梳箱和成条筒。 牵切机构包括设置在机架输入端的喂麻板 901和由 电机驱动的喂入罗拉 902, 喂入罗拉 902输出端前方设置了若干组牵拉单 元 903, 每一牵拉单元由下部的两个支撑罗拉 904和上部的一个加压罗拉 905 组成, 三者呈三角形布置, 且连接在一移动装置上, 通过移动装置从 而调整各牵拉单元 903的间距。
如图 12A、 图 12B所示, 移动装置包括一托板 906, 每一牵拉单元的两 个支撑罗拉 904的轴分别可伸缩地穿过一轴套 907, 轴套 907支撑在托板 906上, 托板 906的底部设置有齿条 908, 齿条啮合一支撑在机架上的齿 轮 909, 通过摇动连接齿轮 909的摇把 910可以带动齿轮摆动, 并通过齿 轮和齿条的啮合带动托板 906前后移动, 以调节各牵拉单元之间的距离。 由于支撑罗拉 904可以在托板 906的带动下前后调节移动, 因此两支撑罗 拉 904的另一端, 分别连接一万向节传动轴 911, 两万向节轴 911的另一 端连接到一传动齿轮 912, 传动齿轮 912可以通过一个电机带动的传动机 构驱动。 当传动齿轮转动时, 可以通过万向节传动轴带动两支撑罗拉 904 同步转动。 两支撑罗拉随托板移动时, 万向节传动轴 911可以通过传递角 度的变化随其移动, 轴套 907与支撑罗拉 904轴的伸缩连接可以解决轴 向引起的位移, 支撑罗拉 904通常采用沟槽罗拉以增大与加压罗拉 905 之间的摩擦力。
如图 12A、 图 12C所示, 加压罗拉 905直接放置在两支撑罗拉 904上, 加压罗拉 905可以在加压装置作用下对支撑罗拉 904加压。 加压装置可以 是一气缸 913,气缸设置在机架上,气缸的活塞杆 914连接一 L形拐臂 915, 拐臂 915的另一端从加压罗拉 905的一端伸入到中心孔 916中。当气缸 913 驱动活塞杆 914沿气缸的轴向向外移动时, L形拐臂 915的另一端向下摆 动, 会使加压罗拉 905向下运动对两支撑罗拉 904施压。 反之则会使加压 罗拉 905向上运动对两支撑罗拉 904减压。加压装置还可以选用弹簧装置、 液压装置等。
如图 12所示, 各牵拉单元之间均设置有支撑板 917和过渡罗拉 918, 以防止纤维落下; 在各牵拉单元中的两个支撑罗拉 904附近都设置有橡胶 材料的刮板 (图中未视出), 以防止纤维缠绕在支撑罗拉上。 工作时, 麻 纤维是夹设在每一牵拉单元的两个支撑罗拉和一个加压罗拉之间, 依靠各 支撑罗拉与加压罗拉间的摩擦力碾动前进, 调节两个牵拉单元中两支撑罗 拉的转速, 使前一牵拉单元的的转速比后一牵拉单元的转速快, 从而实现 对麻纤维的牵拉伸长。 由于本发明设置了多组牵拉单元, 每一组牵拉单元 都进行牵拉, 位于输出端的牵拉单元自然也就可以将长纤维拉断成短纤 维。 也就是说靠近输入端的牵拉单元的主要任务是将麻纤维拉直梳理, 靠 近输出端的牵拉单元的主要任务是将麻纤维拉断。
牵切后的纤维被输送到常规的集束装置 919集束之后, 宽度一定、 厚 度均匀的毛层送给后罗拉 920 (或自调匀整器的测量罗拉), 经针梳机梳箱 921梳理后, 由前罗拉 922输出。 由前罗拉 922输出的须条经出条罗拉、 喇叭口、 圈条压辊等, 并合成有规律的麻条, 落入到成条筒 923中。 根据 针排的传动方式不同, 梳箱 921通常有螺杆式、 链条式、 回转头式 3种。 本发明中, 梳箱 20 除可应用上述几种形式外, 还设了一种推排式针排结 构, 如图 12D所示, 它包括前罗拉 924、 前皮辊 925, 中罗拉 926、 中皮辊 927, 后罗拉 928、 后皮辊 929, 在前罗拉 924与中罗拉 926之间设置有一 带沟槽的空心边盘 930, 在一圈沟槽内设置有针板, 边盘中心设置一凸轮 931, 在凸轮的导引下, 针板沿凸轮截面滑动。 其中凸轮 931 也可以是圆 辊形状。
十、 精梳分理装置
如图 13 所示, 本发明精梳分理装置同现有的精梳机具有相类似的结 构, 也包括喂入机构、 钳板机构、 梳理机构、 拔取分离机构、 出条机构、 清洁机构等。 目前精梳机是前摆动、 间歇式直型精梳机, 主要的工作特点 是: 梳理是间歇式、 周期性进行的, 钳板机构、 梳理机构位置不动, 拔取 车做前后摆动, 以完成对纤维的分段定向梳理, 去除麻粒和草杂。
喂入机构包括喂入架 1001,喂入架下部设置有多个装有麻条的麻条筒 1002, 将每个麻条筒 1002中束状的麻条挂在喂入架 1001上, 并通过导条 板 1003、 导条罗拉 1004导入, 压辊 1005压送到喂入罗拉 1006, 喂入罗 拉 1006下部有托麻板托持。 喂入罗拉 1006向前输送成排的麻条, 通过一 常规设置的进给盒 1007 中进给梳的梳理后, 麻条变成松散均匀顺直的麻 片。
钳板机构包括一对可上、 下啮合, 用于夹持整排麻片的钳板 1008, 钳 口采用直角, 咬合点多, 夹持力大。
梳理机构包括在钳板 1008的输出端设置的顶梳 1009、 在顶梳的下方 设置一圆梳 1010。 在钳板 1008、 顶梳 1009、 圆梳 1010的附近设置有一吹 风集束装置, 还在上钳板上安装有毛刷 1011, 圆梳下方安装有毛刷 1012。 拔取分离机构包括有拔取车 (图中未示出), 拔取车上安装有由拔取 罗拉 1013、 拔取皮板 1014、 上、 下打断刀 1015、 1016、 压辊 1017和出麻 罗拉 1018组成的整体机构。 拔取罗拉 1013的拔取点与钳板 1008的钳口 之间的距离即为拔取隔距。
出条机构包括导条器 1019、 集束器 1020、 卷曲箱、 圈条器 1022, 在 卷曲箱中有卷曲罗拉 1021, 麻条在此被压卷, 最后压卷的麻条进入圈条器 1022缠圈, 同时装筒。 清洁机构设置在梳理机构和拔取机构的下方, 包括 有道夫 1023、 斩刀 1024、 落麻箱 1025、 尘杂箱 1026等, 还安装了吸风除 尘机构, 能及时将飞花带走, 保证了良好的工作环境, 减少了工人的劳动 强度。
装置中还设置有断条自停装置、 绕麻自停装置, 所述集装机构中设置 有满筒自停装置, 采用先进的 PLC可编程控制器, 实现了完全自动化的控 制。 供电设备、 传动机构、 加压装置等为常规的设施, 在此不做赘述。
本发明精梳分理装置与以往装置相比有以下几方面不同之处:
1、 在本发明装置的梳理机构上, 圆梳针排范围增大了, 以前一般为 220° 范围排布针排, 现在达到了 270° ; 同时, 圆梳采用几种形式, 一种 是全齿条式针条, 另一种是齿条式针条和针排式针条结合式排列, 齿条式 针条在前, 针排式针条在后。 顶梳也可以有两种形式, 一种是只有一排针 排, 另一种是至少设置为两排。 圆梳顶梳都是根据具体的工艺要求选择不 同的规格。
2、 本发明装置的拔取机构上, 拔取车是可以上下和前后移动的, 从 而可调整拔取隔距, 实现麻条长短可控, 同时通过上下移动, 实现了麻条 的有效搭接, 使麻条重量更均匀。 拔取车安装在一调节架上, 调节架一侧 设置有把杆, 调节架上开设有两道圆弧形滑槽, 在两圆弧形滑槽中分别插 设有螺栓, 螺栓紧固到机架上。 松开螺栓, 扳动把杆就可以使调节架沿圆 弧形滑槽滑动一定距离, 从而使拔取车在上下和前后方位上都有所调整。
3、 在本发明装置的出条机构上, 卷曲箱中卷曲罗拉 1021至少设置有 两对, 每一对卷曲罗拉 1021 采用横向沟槽罗拉, 前后两对罗拉的速度也 不相同, 后面的一对罗拉速度快, 前面的一对罗拉速度慢, 这样两个罗拉 就像齿轮一样啮合挤压麻条, 使麻条成为波纹卷曲状, 速度不同以增加麻 纤维的弯曲度及麻条的蜷曲度, 从而提高麻纤维的抱合力。 另外卷曲箱中 在卷曲罗拉 1021的两侧还设置有挡板, 与卷曲罗拉一起控制麻条的宽度, 并构成麻条的出条轨道。
基于此, 本发明装置的具体工作过程为: 麻条筒中的麻条经导条板和 导条罗拉, 移至托麻板上, 麻条在托麻板上均匀的排列, 形成麻片, 喂给 喂麻罗拉, 喂麻罗拉做间歇式转动, 使麻片沿着周期性的前进。 当麻片进 入进给盒时, 受进给盒中进给梳的控制, 在进给盒与进给梳的夹持下, 向 张开的上、 下钳板移动。 麻片进入钳板后, 其前端的麻片悬垂在圆梳上, 这时上、 下钳板闭合, 把悬垂在圆梳上的麻片握持住, 并由装在上钳板上 的小毛刷将纤维前端压入圆梳的针隙中, 接收圆梳的梳理, 同时分离出短 纤维杂质。 此时钳板处于最低位置, 与圆梳间的距离约 1 mm左右, 圆梳上 在 0〜270° 圆周范围内排有针排,针排沿旋转方向其针的密度逐渐增加和 细度逐渐减小, 且圆梳做不等速回转, 这样可以保证圆梳对纤维的良好效 果。
经梳理后的纤维得以顺直, 短纤及杂质由圆梳下方的毛刷刷下来, 毛 刷的速度比圆梳快, 以保证清洁效果, 被刷下来的短纤维由道夫聚集, 经 斩刀斩断, 落入落麻箱中, 杂草等经尘道被抛入尘杂箱中。
当圆梳梳理时, 拔取车后移,移向圆梳, 纤维须丛头端进入到拔取车, 拔取罗拉做反向转动, 把前一次梳理须丛的尾端退出一个长度, 以便和新 梳理的纤维头端搭接。 为防止退出的纤维被圆梳拉走, 下打断刀起挡护须 丛的作用。 当圆梳梳理完毕 (圆梳转到没有梳针的角度), 上、 下钳板张 开并上抬, 此时拔取罗拉正转, 由铲板托持须丛头端送给拔取罗拉, 并与 拔取罗拉退出的须丛相衔接, 此时, 顶梳下降, 其梳针插入到须丛中, 使 须丛的尾端接收梳理。拔取罗拉加速旋转, 上打断刀下降, 下打断刀上升, 压断须丛, 长纤维被拔走。
须丛被拔取后, 铺在拔取皮板上, 送入集束器, 由压辊压紧, 卷曲罗 拉卷曲, 聚集成麻条, 进入到麻条筒中。
十一、 根稍切断装置
将靭皮纤维切断的过程, 可以采用人工或机械都可以, 本发明在此提 供一种较为实用的装置, 使得切断速度快, 长度可控。
如图 14所示, 该切断装置包括一 "门"字型机架 1101, 在机架 1101 的底端设置有一电机 1102,电机 1102的传动轴上连接一组传动机构 1103, 如一组通过皮带传动的带轮, 或一组通过链条传动的链轮, 或一组啮合的 齿轮。 传动机构 1103的输出端连接一组蜗轮蜗杆机构 1104, 即传动机构 1103的输出轴连接蜗杆 1105, 蜗杆 1105再啮合蜗轮 1106。蜗轮蜗杆机构 1104的输出端连接一组曲柄连杆机构 1107, 即曲柄连杆机构 1107中的曲 柄盘 1108套接在蜗轮 1106的中心轴上, 在曲柄盘 1108上偏心连接一连 杆 1109。 上述电机、 传动机构、 蜗轮蜗杆机构、 曲柄连杆机构上的所有需 要支撑的部位均通过支撑将与机架 1101连接。
如图 14A、 14B所示, 在机架 1101横梁下方的凹槽内, 安装有一长条 形刀具 1110, 刀具 1110横跨在机架的两根立柱之间。 刀具 1110的一端通 过一销轴 1111与连杆 1109连接。 刀具的另一端由机架的横梁活动支撑, 活动支撑的方式是在刀具 1110上设置导块 1112, 在机架的横梁上设置与 导块 1112配合的斜向导向槽 1113; 也可以反过来在刀具上设置斜向导向 槽, 在机架的横梁上设置与导向槽配合的导块。 导块、 导向槽也可以在横 梁的两端都设置, 防止刀具运动过程中偏移和抖动。
如图 14所示, 在刀具 1110下方的机架两侧, 分别设置有一进料托板 1114和一出料托板 1115。 在进料托板 1114与出料托板 1115之间连接一 落刀槽 1116, 落刀槽与设置在上方的刀具正对。 落刀槽 1116中配有硬质 垫块, 垫块可以是橡胶、 塑料、 胶木、 木塑、 纤维板、 木块等材质。 硬质 垫块磨损后可以更换。
上述实施例中, 在进料托板 1114和出料托板 1115上, 均可以设置自 动送料装置, 比如在进料托板 1114 上安装一电动或气动驱动的滑动托板 1117,并在蜗轮蜗杆机构 1104或曲柄连杆机构 1107上设置一行程开关(图 中未示出), 使连杆 1109带动刀具 1110每循环运动一次, 便启动一次滑 动托板 1117送料一次。 另外, 还可以在进料托板 1114、 出料托板 1115以 及滑动托板 1117 上均可以设置刻度, 以便准确计算纤维切断长度, 达到 长度可控。
本发明使用时, 电机通过传动机构的输出轴带动蜗轮蜗杆机构的蜗 杆, 蜗轮蜗杆机构的蜗轮同步带动曲柄连杆机构的曲柄盘转动, 曲柄盘带 动偏心连接其上的连杆运动, 刀具随连杆运动的同时, 通过刀具上的导块 或导向槽与机架上导向槽或导块的配合做斜向上、 下的运动, 从而可以实 现刀具的斜向切削运动, 这种斜向切削运动会更加快速锋利地斩断靭皮纤 维。
上述各装置的说明仅用于更好理解本发明, 其中各部件的结构、 连接 方式都是可以有所变化的, 凡是在本发明技术方案的基础上进行的等同变 换和改进, 均不应排除在本发明的保护范围之外。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 包括基于理麻、 切麻、 脱胶、 高温 漂洗、 分纤水洗、 漂洗柔软、 烘干、 软麻上油、 渗透养生、 牵切梳理、 精 梳分理工艺过程的各装置, 其特征在于:
所述切麻装置包括一 "门"字型机架, 机架一侧设置有一电机, 所述 电机通过传动机构带动一组蜗轮蜗杆机构, 所述蜗轮蜗杆机构中的蜗轮同 轴连接一曲柄连杆机构的曲柄盘, 曲柄盘上偏心连接一连杆, 所述连杆的 另一端连接一刀具, 所述刀具横跨在机架的两道竖梁之间, 并活动支撑在 所述机架的横梁上, 所述刀具与机架横梁对应设置有斜向运动的导块和导 向槽, 刀具下方的机架两侧分别设置有一进料托板和一出料托板, 进料托 板与出料托板之间连接有一正对所述刀具的落刀槽, 所述进料托板和出料 托盘中至少一个设置有测量纤维长度的刻度;
所述脱胶装置包括机械脱胶装置、 生物脱胶装置和高温蒸煮脱胶装 置, 所述高温蒸煮脱胶装置也用于高温漂洗;
所述分纤水洗装置包括一机架, 机架上设置循环的带孔输送履带, 履 带上方依次设置有喂入罗拉、 压辊、 若干间隔设置的打手和分纤罗拉, 所 述打手和分纤罗拉之间设置有集束板、 斜上方设置有高压喷头, 履带下方 设置有集水槽, 履带末端设置有摆布机构;
所述牵切梳理装置包括依次设置的牵切机构、 集束装置、 梳箱和成条 筒, 所述牵切机构包括设置在机架输入端的喂麻板和由电机驱动的喂入罗 拉, 所述喂入罗拉输出端前方设置有若干组牵拉单元, 每个所述牵拉单元 设置有两个同步转动的支撑罗拉, 且前方牵拉单元的支撑罗拉转速大于后 方牵拉单元的支撑罗拉转速, 每两所述支撑罗拉的顶部设置一由两支撑罗 拉通过摩擦驱动的加压罗拉, 所述加压罗拉的中心轴内设置有一连接机架 的加压装置, 所述两支撑罗拉的一端连接到传动机构, 所述两支撑罗拉的 底部支撑在一移动装置上;
所述精梳分理装置包括喂入机构、 钳板机构、 梳理机构、 拔取分离机 构、 出条机构、 清洁机构, 所述喂入机构包括有喂入架、 导条板、 导条罗 拉、 托麻板、 压辊、 喂给罗拉、 进给盒; 所述梳理机构包括圆梳和顶梳, 所述圆梳针条排布在 0〜270° 圆周范围,并且针条沿旋转方向密度逐渐增 加、 细度逐渐减小; 所述拔取分离机构包括拔取车、 拔取罗拉、 拔取皮板、 打断刀, 所述拔取车安装在一调节架上, 所述调节架一侧设置有把杆, 所 述调节架上开设有圆弧形滑槽, 在圆弧形滑槽中插设有螺栓, 所述螺栓紧 固到机架上, 松开所述螺栓, 扳动把杆可以使调节架沿圆弧形滑槽滑动; 所述出条机构中包括至少设置有两对卷曲罗拉, 所述卷曲罗拉表面设置有 横向沟槽; 所述梳理机构、 拔取分离机构中设置有断条自停装置、 绕麻自 停装置, 所述集装机构中设置有满筒自停装置。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在于: 所述机械脱胶装置包括喂入区、 机械揉搓区、 拍打除杂区、 出料区和除杂 装置, 机械揉搓区包括由驱动电机带动的上、 下两排成对设置的罗拉, 所 述上排罗拉两端的顶部分别设置有一压力控制装置, 拍打除杂区包括一布 满通孔的传送带, 传送带的上带上方至少设置有两个上拍打辊, 传送带的 上带与下带之间至少设置有一个下拍打辊, 下拍打辊在传送方向上位于所 述两个上拍打辊之间。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在于: 所述生物脱胶装置包括接种系统、 生物发酵系统和灭菌系统,
所述接种系统和所述生物发酵系统都包括一带盖的主缸、 一热水桶和一 主泵, 所述主缸的出液口连接所述主泵的进液口, 所述主缸的进液口通过 一压缩空气泵连接所述主泵的出液口; 所述主缸内壁设置有一蜷曲的盘 管, 所述盘管的两端分别通过管路连接所述热水桶的进水口和出水口, 其 中一所述管路上设置有一抽水泵;
所述灭菌系统包括一桶状带盖的灭菌主缸, 在所述灭菌主缸的下部设 置有一出液口, 出液口连接一主泵, 所述主泵的出水口连接一换热装置, 所述换热装置的出水口连接所述灭菌主缸下部设置的一进液口, 所述灭菌 主缸的内下部设置有一布满孔眼的过滤板, 在所述灭菌主缸的外部还设置 有一副缸;
所述接种系统、 生物发酵系统和灭菌系统的所述主缸内都设置有挂纱装 置。
4、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在于: 所述高温蒸煮脱胶装置包括一桶状带盖子的主缸, 所述主缸内设置有挂纱 装置, 所述主缸外部设置有一主泵, 所述主泵的进水口连接所述主缸的出 水口, 所述主泵的出水口连接一换热装置, 所述主缸的外部通过一具有阀 门的管路连接一供化学助剂的副缸。
5、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在 于:所述挂纱装置为并联或串联的多个挂纱架,每一挂纱架包括一中空柱, 所述中空柱顶部封闭, 且设置有一吊具, 所述中空柱的左、 右两侧从上到 下间隔对称设置有若干层与所述中空柱连通的空心梁, 每一侧的各所述空 心梁的外端通过同一支撑柱连接成一体, 顶部第一层两根所述空心梁上间 隔设置有若干与所述空心梁连通的挂杆, 每根所述挂杆上半部设置有若干 孔眼, 第二层及以下的各所述空心梁上间隔设置有若干连通所述空心梁, 且位置与相应所述挂杆对应的喷淋杆, 所述喷淋杆侧面设置有若干喷淋 孔, 所述中空柱和支撑柱底部连接有一布满网眼的纱架底盘, 所述中空柱 的末端设置有进液口, 所述两支撑柱上设置有包围的外筒, 所述外筒为两 两对称枢接在两所述支撑柱上的四块纱架挡板, 所述纱架挡板上布满出水 孔;
当多个挂纱架串联时, 最上部挂纱架的中空柱顶部是闭合的, 以下各 挂纱架中空柱的顶部是敞开的并且串通, 最下部挂纱架的中空柱底端设置 进液口, 各层挂纱架之间加设有盖体; 多个挂纱架并联放置时, 各挂纱架 中空柱底端设置的进液口并联在一起, 通过一个主泵循环, 各个挂纱架的 中空柱顶部都设置有一吊具。
6、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在于: 所述漂洗柔软装置包括一机架, 在机架上设置有网眼履带, 从所述履带的 输送起始端至末端, 依次设置有喂入罗拉、 分纤罗拉、 轧水辊, 所述喂入 罗拉、 梳理罗拉设置在所述履带的上方, 梳理罗拉的上方设置有喷水管, 所述轧水辊为对称设置在履带上、 下表面; 在履带的下方设置有能够浸没 履带的热水槽,热水槽中设置有加热装置,所述热水槽被保护在一罩体内, 热水槽与机架下端的水循环处理装置相连; 在履带的末端设置有摆布机 构。
7、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在于: 所述软麻上油装置包括一机架, 机架上除喂入单元外, 还设置有两组以上 挤压揉搓单元, 相邻挤压揉搓单元之间由支撑板连接, 每组挤压揉搓单元 均包括若干对上、 下啮合的罗拉, 各对罗拉分别由变频电机带动, 位于上 部的罗拉由加压装置加压, 在第一组挤压揉搓单元的第一对罗拉的入口上 方、 所述支撑板的上方和下方分别设置有高压喷油管, 位于下部罗拉的下 方设置有油杂分离装置, 油杂分离装置下方设置有油剂回收装置。
8、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在于: 所述渗透养生装置包括一注有水的密闭室体, 所述室体内顶为一斜面, 在 室体内设置有一麻纤维摆放装置, 室体上设置有连通水的加热装置、 注水 阀、 排水阀、 液位控制装置、 水温控制装置, 以及测定室体内气压的气压 计、 控制室体内气压的真空泵、 安全阀和排气阀, 密闭室体上设置有密封 门。
9、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在于: 所述分纤水洗装置中, 在履带的底部, 与所述打手着落点对应位置处, 设 置有一拱形钢制的承托板, 所述承托板的中间部位及两侧设置在两侧所述 机架滑道内, 沿所述履带运动方向的前、 后两端为活动端; 所述打手由间 隔 120° 的三个外覆有弹性橡胶的行星罗拉组成。
10、 如权利要求 1所述的一种靭皮麻纤维制作生产线, 其特征在于: 在所述牵切梳理装置中, 所述移动装置包括一托板, 所述托板的底部通过 一齿条连接一支撑在机架上的具有摇把的齿轮, 所述托板上支撑所述两支 撑罗拉, 所述两支撑罗轴的另一端分别连接一万向节传动轴, 所述万向节 传动轴的另一端连接分别连接一传动机构的输出齿轮; 所述牵切梳理装置 中, 所述梳箱为一种推排式针排结构, 包括前罗拉 /皮辊、 中罗拉 /皮辊、 后罗拉 /皮辊, 在前罗拉 /皮辊与中罗拉 /皮辊之间设置有带沟槽的空心边 盘, 所述沟槽内设置有针板, 边盘中心设置一凸轮, 使凸轮转动时所述针 板沿凸轮截面滑动; 所述精梳分理装置中, 所述圆梳有全齿条式针条、 齿 条式针条与针排式针条相结合两种形式, 在进行多道精梳时, 第一道精梳 采用全齿条式针条, 以后各道精梳采用齿条式针条与针排式针条相结合形 式, 所述顶梳有单排针条式和多排针条式两种, 在进行多道精梳时, 第一 道精梳采用单排式, 以后各道精梳采用多排式。
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