WO2010150915A1 - 耐硫化物応力割れ性に優れた油井用高強度継目無鋼管およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
耐硫化物応力割れ性に優れた油井用高強度継目無鋼管およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength seamless steel tube suitable for use in oil wells, and in particular, resistance to sulfide stress cracking in a sour environment containing hydrogen sulfide (hereinafter referred to as SSC). (Referred to as sex).
- SSC hydrogen sulfide
- sex a sour environment containing hydrogen sulfide
- “high strength” refers to the case where the strength is 110 ksi class, that is, the yield strength is 758 MPa or more, preferably 861 MPa or less.
- Patent Document 1 in mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.35%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 0.05 to 0.6 %, Mo: 0.8 to 3.0%, V: 0.05 to 0.25%, B: 0.0001 to 0.005%, and adjusted to 12V + 1 ⁇ Mo ⁇ 0.
- SSC resistance Low alloy oil well pipe steel excellent in crack resistance
- Cr when Cr is further contained, it is preferable to adjust Mn and Mo amounts so as to satisfy Mo ⁇ (Mn + Cr) ⁇ 0 according to the Cr content. As a result, sulfide stress cracking resistance (SSC resistance) is improved.
- Patent Document 2 describes, in mass%, C: 0.05 to 0.35%, Si: 0.02 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.30 to 2.00%. , Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0080%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, Mo: 0.1 to 2.0%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.15%, V: 0.0.
- sour resistance is improved by addition of Ca, and further, by adjusting so as to satisfy (% Ca) / (% O) ⁇ 0.55,
- the molecular ratio of CaO) m ⁇ (Al 2 O 3 ) n can be controlled to m / n ⁇ 1, and it is possible to avoid stretching of the complex inclusions at the electro-welded welds and to prevent plate-like inclusions.
- the generation of inclusions can be prevented, and the deterioration of SSC resistance caused by hydrogen induced blister cracking starting from plate-like inclusions can be prevented.
- Patent Document 3 C: 0.15 to 0.3%, Cr: 0.2 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.1 to 1%, V: 0.05 to 0. 3%, low alloy steel containing Nb: 0.003 to 0.1%, the total amount of precipitated carbide is 1.5 to 4%, MC type carbide to the total amount of carbide (MC type carbide) The toughness and the resistance are 5 to 45%, and the proportion of M 23 C 6 type carbide (M 23 C 6 type carbide) is (200 / t)% or less (where t (mm) is the thickness of the product).
- Oil well steels with excellent sulfide stress corrosion cracking properties are described. Such oil well steel can be manufactured by simply performing at least two quenching and tempering treatments.
- Patent Document 4 C: 0.2 to 0.35%, Cr: 0.2 to 0.7%, Mo: 0.1 to 0.5%, and V: 0.1 to mass%.
- the total amount of precipitated carbide is 2-5%, and the ratio of MC type carbide to the total amount of carbide is 8-40%.
- Oil well steel is described. It is said that such oil well steel can be produced simply by performing quenching and tempering treatment.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that C: 0.15 to 0.30%, Cr: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.1 to 1.0%, and Ca + O (oxygen): 0% by mass. 0.008% or less, and further containing one or more of Nb: 0.05% or less, Zr: 0.05% or less, V: 0.30% or less, and the inclusion property in steel is the maximum length.
- An oil well steel pipe excellent in sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance having a particle size of 80 ⁇ m or less and a particle size of 20 ⁇ m or more of 10 pieces / 100 mm 2 or less is described. It is said that such oil well steel can be produced simply by directly quenching and tempering.
- JP 2007-16291 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-235045 JP 2000-297344 A JP 2000-178682 A JP 2001-172739 A
- the object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and to provide a high-strength seamless steel pipe excellent in sulfide stress cracking resistance (SSC resistance) suitable for oil wells.
- excellent in resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC resistance) means 0.5 wt% acetic acid (acetic acid: CH) saturated with H 2 S in accordance with NACE TM0177 Method A. 3 COOH) +5.0 wt% sodium chloride (test temperature: 24 ° C.) and a constant load testing was performed, and 85% of the yield strength was The applied stress is applied when the test duration exceeds 720 hours and no cracks occur.
- the present inventors diligently studied various factors affecting the strength and sulfide stress cracking resistance of a seamless steel pipe.
- Mo is reduced to about 1.1% or less, and appropriate amounts of Cr, V , Nb, and B essential, (1) ensuring a predetermined amount or more of solid solution Mo (solute Mo), and (2) refining the prior ⁇ grain size (Priority-Austenite Grain Sizes) to a predetermined value or less, (3)
- the desired high strength can be stably secured, and the desired high strength and excellent resistance to sulfide stress cracking are combined.
- Dislocation density It was found that the resistance to sulfide stress cracking of a steel pipe is remarkably improved by adopting a structure of 6.0 ⁇ 10 14 / m 2 or less. And by adjusting the tempering temperature (tempering temperature) and the holding time (soaking time) in the tempering treatment (tempering treatment) so as to satisfy an appropriate relational expression based on the diffusion distance of iron (diffusion distance) The inventors have found that dislocations can be reduced stably up to the above dislocation density.
- the present invention has been completed on the basis of such findings and further studies. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) In mass%, C: 0.15-0.50%, Si: 0.1-1.0%, Mn: 0.3-1.0%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.1%, N: 0.01% or less, Cr: 0.1 to 1.7%, Mo: 0.4 to 1.1%, V: 0 0.01 to 0.12%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.08%, B: 0.0005 to 0.003%, and among the Mo, 0.40% or more as solute Mo,
- the composition consisting of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities and the tempered martensite phase as the main phase, the prior austenite grains having a grain number of 8.5 or more, approximately in the form of particles organization and the M 2 C-type precipitates are dispersed over 0.06 mass% of Excellent seamless steel oil country tubular goods in sulfide stress cracking resistance, characterized in that it comprises.
- the amount ⁇ of the solid solution Mo and the amount ⁇ of the substantially particulate M 2 C type precipitate are expressed by the following formula (1): 0.7 ⁇ ⁇ + 3 ⁇ ⁇ 1.2 (1) (Where ⁇ : solid solution Mo amount (mass%), ⁇ : amount of substantially particulate M 2 C type precipitate (mass%))
- the seamless steel pipe for oil wells characterized by satisfying
- the composition further comprises mass: Ni: 1.0% or less.
- any one of (1) to (6) in addition to the above-mentioned composition, in addition to mass%, one selected from Ti: 0.03% or less and W: 2.0% or less
- a seamless steel pipe for oil wells characterized by having a composition containing two kinds.
- the steel pipe material After reheating to a temperature in the range, the steel pipe material is hot worked to form a seamless steel pipe having a predetermined shape, then cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate higher than air cooling, and at a temperature in the range of 665 to 740 °
- the composition further contains, in mass%, Ni: 1.0% or less.
- in any one of (9) to (14), in addition to the above-described composition in addition to mass%, one selected from Ti: 0.03% or less and W: 2.0% or less
- the manufacturing method of the seamless steel pipe for oil wells characterized by setting it as the composition containing 2 types.
- the present invention it is possible to easily and inexpensively manufacture a high-strength seamless steel pipe having both high strength of 110 ksi class and excellent resistance to sulfide stress cracking in severe corrosive environments containing hydrogen sulfide, There are remarkable effects in the industry.
- Cu is contained in the range of 0.03% to 1.0% of the present invention, a remarkable and unexpected effect is obtained that the load stress, which is a severe corrosive environment, does not break even if the yield strength is 95%. It was.
- C 0.15-0.50%
- C is an element that has an action of increasing the strength of steel and is important for ensuring a desired high strength.
- C is an element that improves hardenability and contributes to formation of a structure having a tempered martensite phase as a main phase. In order to obtain such an effect, the content of 0.15% or more is required.
- a content exceeding 0.50% causes a large amount of carbides acting as hydrogen trap sites to be precipitated during tempering, preventing the invasion of excessive diffusible hydrogen into the steel, and cracking during quenching. Can not be suppressed. Therefore, C is limited to 0.15 to 0.50%. Note that the content is preferably 0.20 to 0.30%.
- Si 0.1 to 1.0%
- Si is an element that acts as a deoxidizer and has a function of increasing the strength of the steel by dissolving in steel and suppressing rapid softening during tempering. In order to obtain such an effect, the content of 0.1% or more is required. On the other hand, the content exceeding 1.0% forms coarse oxide inclusions, acts as a strong hydrogen trap site, and causes a decrease in the solid solution amount of the effective element. For this reason, Si was limited to the range of 0.1 to 1.0%. Note that the content is preferably 0.20 to 0.30%.
- Mn 0.3 to 1.0%
- Mn is an element that has the effect of increasing the strength of steel through improvement of hardenability and binding to S to fix S as MnS to prevent intergranular embrittlement due to S.
- a content of 0.3% or more is required.
- the content exceeds 1.0%, cementite precipitated at the grain boundaries is coarsened and the resistance to sulfide stress cracking is lowered. For this reason, Mn was limited to the range of 0.3 to 1.0%. Note that the content is preferably 0.4 to 0.8%.
- P 0.015% or less
- P has a tendency to segregate at grain boundaries in a solid solution state and cause intergranular cracking and the like, and in the present invention, it is desirable to reduce it as much as possible, but 0.015% Is acceptable. Therefore, P is limited to 0.015% or less. In addition, Preferably it is 0.013% or less.
- S 0.005% or less S is present in steel as sulfide system inclusion, and has corrosion resistance such as ductility, toughness, and resistance to sulfide stress cracking. descend. Some of them may exist in a solid solution state, but in that case, they segregate at grain boundaries and tend to cause grain boundary embrittlement cracks. For this reason, although it is desirable to reduce as much as possible in this invention, excessive reduction raises refining cost (refining cost). For this reason, in the present invention, S is limited to 0.005% or less where the adverse effect is acceptable.
- Al acts as a deoxidizing agent and combines with N to form AlN and contribute to the refinement of austenite grains. In order to acquire such an effect, Al needs to contain 0.01% or more. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.1%, oxide system inclusion increases and the toughness decreases. For this reason, Al was limited to the range of 0.01 to 0.1%.
- the content is preferably 0.02 to 0.07%.
- N 0.01% or less N is combined with nitride-forming elements such as Mo, Ti, Nb, and Al to form MN precipitates.
- nitride-forming elements such as Mo, Ti, Nb, and Al
- MN precipitates reduce SSC resistance, reduce the solid solution amount of elements effective for improving SSC resistance such as Mo, and further reduce the amount of MC and M 2 C precipitated during tempering. The desired increase in strength cannot be expected. For this reason, it is preferable to reduce N as much as possible, and N was limited to 0.01% or less.
- MN type precipitate has the effect which suppresses the coarsening of a crystal grain at the time of heating a steel raw material etc., it is preferable to contain N about 0.003% or more.
- Cr 0.1 to 1.7% Cr is an element that contributes to an increase in strength of steel through an increase in hardenability and improves corrosion resistance.
- Cr combines with C during tempering to form carbides such as M 3 C, M 7 C 3 and M 23 C 6 systems.
- the M 3 C-based carbide improves resistance to temper softening, reduces strength change due to tempering temperature, and facilitates strength adjustment.
- the content of 0.1% or more is required.
- the content exceeds 1.7%, a large amount of M 7 C 3 -based carbides and M 23 C 6 -based carbides are formed, acting as hydrogen trap sites, and reducing the resistance to sulfide stress cracking.
- Cr was limited to the range of 0.1 to 1.7%.
- the content is 0.5 to 1.5%. More preferably, it is 0.9 to 1.5%.
- Mo 0.40 to 1.1% Mo forms carbides and contributes to an increase in strength by precipitation hardening, and also forms a solid solution and segregates at the prior austenite grain boundaries, thereby further improving the resistance to sulfide stress cracking. Further, Mo has a function of densifying the corrosion product and further suppressing generation / growth of pits or the like that are the starting points of cracks. In order to obtain such an effect, the content of 0.40% or more is required. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 1.1%, needle-like M 2 C type precipitates and, in some cases, a Laves phase (Fe 2 Mo) are formed, and the resistance to sulfide stress cracking is lowered.
- Mo was limited to the range of 0.40 to 1.1%. In addition, Preferably it is 0.6 to 1.1%. If the Mo content is within this range, the M 2 C type precipitates also have a substantially particulate shape.
- substantially particulate refers to a spherical shape or a spheroid.
- the aspect ratio ratio of major axis / minor axis or ratio of maximum diameter to minimum diameter is 5 or less. When the particulate precipitates are continuous, the entire aggregate is regarded as the shape of the precipitate, and the aspect ratio is used.
- a concentrated region preferably having a width of 1 nm or more and less than 2 nm can be formed at grain boundaries such as prior austenite ( ⁇ ) grain boundaries.
- the grain boundary is strengthened by the micro segregation of the solid solution Mo to the former ⁇ grain boundary, and the resistance to sulfide stress cracking is remarkably improved.
- the tempering performed after quenching treatment is performed at an appropriate temperature in consideration of the amount of Mo consumed as MN-type precipitates when the steel material is heated. Is achieved.
- the amount of solid solution Mo is the value obtained by subtracting the amount of precipitated Mo from the total amount of Mo after obtaining the amount of precipitated Mo (Precipitated Mo) after tempering treatment by quantitative analysis of the electrolytic residue. To do.
- V 0.01 to 0.12%
- V is an element that forms carbides or nitrides and contributes to strengthening of the steel. In order to acquire such an effect, 0.01% or more of content is required. On the other hand, even if the content exceeds 0.12%, the effect is saturated, and an effect commensurate with the content cannot be expected, which is economically disadvantageous. Therefore, V is limited to a range of 0.01 to 0.12%. Note that the content is preferably 0.02 to 0.08%.
- Nb 0.01 to 0.08% Nb delays recrystallization in the austenite ( ⁇ ) temperature range, contributes to refinement of ⁇ grains, and martensite substructure (eg, packet, block, lath) Is an element that has an effect of strengthening steel by forming carbides and extremely effectively. In order to acquire such an effect, 0.01% or more of content is required. On the other hand, the content exceeding 0.08% promotes the precipitation of coarse precipitates (NbN), leading to a decrease in resistance to sulfide stress cracking. For this reason, Nb was limited to the range of 0.01 to 0.08%. Note that the content is preferably 0.02 to 0.06%.
- a packet is defined as a region composed of a group of laths having the same habit plane arranged in parallel
- a block is composed of a group of laths in parallel and in the same orientation.
- B 0.0005 to 0.003%
- B is an element that contributes to improving the hardenability when contained in a very small amount.
- the effect is saturated or the formation of Fe-B boride makes it impossible to expect the desired effect, which is economically disadvantageous.
- Mo 2 B to promote the formation of coarse borides such as Fe 2 B (boride)
- B is limited to the range of 0.0005 to 0.003%.
- the content is 0.001 to 0.003%.
- Cu 0.03% to 1.0%
- Cu is an element having an effect of increasing the strength of steel and improving toughness and corrosion resistance, and is an extremely important element particularly when severe sulfide stress cracking resistance is required. Can be added as necessary. When added, a dense corrosion product is formed, and the formation and growth of pits that are the starting point of cracking is suppressed, and the resistance to sulfide stress cracking is remarkably improved. 0.03% or more is desirable. On the other hand, even if the content exceeds 1.0%, the effect is saturated and the cost is increased. For this reason, when it contains, it is desirable to set it as 0.03%-1.0%. Preferably, the content is 0.03% to 0.10%.
- the above components are basic, but in addition to the basic composition, if necessary, Ni: 1.0% or less and / or Ti: 0.03% or less, W: 2.0% or less One or two kinds selected from among them may be selected and contained.
- Ni 1.0% or less
- Ni is an element having an action of increasing the strength of steel and improving toughness and corrosion resistance, and can be contained as necessary. In order to obtain such an effect, it is desirable to contain Ni: 0.03% or more, but even if Ni is contained in excess of 1.0%, the effect is saturated and the cost is increased. For this reason, when it contains, it is preferable to limit to Ni: 1.0% or less.
- Ti and W are elements that form carbides and contribute to strengthening of steel. It can be selected according to the content.
- Ti is an element that forms carbides or nitrides and contributes to strengthening of steel. In order to acquire such an effect, it is desirable to contain 0.01% or more.
- the content exceeds 0.03%, formation of coarse MC-type nitride (TiN) is promoted at the time of casting, and since it does not form a solid solution even with subsequent heating, the toughness and resistance to sulfide stress cracking are reduced. For this reason, Ti is preferably limited to a range of 0.03% or less. More preferably, the content is 0.01 to 0.02%.
- W like Mo, forms carbides and contributes to the increase in strength by precipitation hardening, and also dissolves and segregates in the prior austenite grain boundaries to contribute to the improvement of resistance to sulfide stress cracking.
- Ca 0.001 to 0.005%
- Ca has an action of controlling the form of so-called inclusions in which the expanded sulfide-based inclusions are granular inclusions, and through this form control of the inclusions, ductility, toughness and sulfide stress resistance It is an element that has the effect of improving crackability. It can be added as necessary. Such an effect becomes remarkable when the content is 0.001% or more. However, when the content exceeds 0.005%, non-metallic inclusions increase, and ductility, toughness, and resistance to sulfides. Stress cracking is reduced. For this reason, when contained, Ca is limited to a range of 0.001 to 0.005%.
- the steel pipe of the present invention has the above-described composition
- the main phase is the tempered martensite phase
- the prior austenite grains have a particle size number of 8.5 or more
- the substantially spherical M 2 C type precipitate is 0. 0.06 mass% or more of the dispersed structure.
- the steel pipe of the present invention has a martensite phase.
- the structure is made to have a tempered martensite phase obtained by tempering these martensite phases as a main phase from the viewpoint of ensuring desired toughness, ductility, and resistance to sulfide stress cracking.
- the term “main phase” as used herein refers to a structure containing a tempered martensite phase single phase or a tempered martensite phase and a second phase of less than 5% by volume that does not affect the properties.
- the structure having the tempered martensite phase as the main phase means a structure containing 95% or more of the tempered martensite phase by volume.
- the second phase having a volume percentage of less than 5% include bainite, pearlite, ferrite, and a mixed phase thereof.
- the prior austenite ( ⁇ ) grains have a grain size number of 8.5 or more.
- regulation of JISG0551 shall be used for the particle size number of an old gamma grain. If the former ⁇ grains have a particle size number of less than 8.5, the substructure of the martensite phase produced by transformation from the ⁇ phase becomes coarse, and the desired sulfide stress cracking resistance cannot be ensured.
- the steel pipe of the present invention has the above-mentioned old ⁇ grain size number and a structure in which substantially particulate M 2 C type precipitates are dispersed.
- the M 2 C type precipitate to be dispersed is substantially particulate.
- the increase in strength becomes remarkable, and a desired high strength can be secured without impairing the resistance to sulfide stress cracking.
- the needle-like M 2 C-type precipitates is increased, and decreased resistance to sulfide stress cracking resistance, it can not be ensured the desired resistance to sulfide stress cracking.
- approximately particulate M 2 C type precipitates are dispersed in an amount of 0.06 mass% or more. If the amount of dispersion is less than 0.06 mass%, the desired high strength cannot be ensured. In addition, Preferably it is 0.08 mass% or more and 0.13 mass% or less.
- This M 2 C type precipitate can achieve a desired precipitation amount by optimizing the addition amount of Mo, Cr, Nb, and V and the temperature and time of quenching and tempering treatment.
- the amount ⁇ of the solid solution Mo and the amount ⁇ of the dispersed substantially particulate M 2 C type precipitate are expressed by the following formula (1): 0.7 ⁇ ⁇ + 3 ⁇ ⁇ 1.2 (1 ) (Here, ⁇ : amount of solid solution Mo (mass%), ⁇ : amount of substantially particulate M 2 C type precipitate (mass%)) It is preferable to adjust so as to satisfy the above. When the amount of the solid solution Mo and the amount of the substantially particulate M 2 C type precipitate do not satisfy the formula (1), the resistance to sulfide stress cracking is lowered.
- the structure of the steel pipe of the present invention has the old ⁇ grain size number and has a Mo enriched region having a width of 1 nm or more and less than 2 nm on the old ⁇ grain boundary.
- concentrating (segregating) Mo in a solid solution state on at least the former ⁇ grain boundary typical as an embrittlement region trapping on the former ⁇ grain boundary of hydrogen entering from the environment is suppressed, SSC resistance is further improved.
- the Mo enriched region only needs to have a width of 1 nm or more and less than about 2 nm on the old ⁇ grain boundary.
- solute Mo is also present in various crystal defects that are easily trapped by hydrogen, such as dislocations, packet boundaries, block boundaries, lath boundaries, and the like. It is preferable to thicken.
- the structure of the steel pipe of the present invention is preferably a structure having a dislocation density of 6.0 ⁇ 10 14 / m 2 or less.
- the dislocation functions as a hydrogen trap site and occludes a large amount of hydrogen. Therefore, when the dislocation density is high, the SSC resistance tends to decrease.
- FIG. 2 shows the influence of dislocations existing in the structure on the SSC resistance in relation to the dislocation density and the rupture time of the sulfide stress cracking resistance test.
- the dislocation density was determined by the following method. After the surface of a test piece (size: thickness 1 mm ⁇ width 10 mm ⁇ length 10 mm) collected from the steel pipe was mirror polished, the surface strain was removed using hydrofluoric acid. The half width of the peak of the (110), (211), (220) planes of tempered martensite (bcc crystal structure) by X-ray diffraction on the test piece from which this strain was removed. Asked. Using these half widths, in accordance with the Williamson-Hall method (see Nakajima et al .: CAMP-ISIJ, vol.
- test piece size: parallel part diameter 6.35 mm ⁇ ⁇ length 25.4 mm
- test piece collected from a steel pipe
- the dislocation density is 6.0 ⁇ 10 14 / m 2 or less, which is an appropriate range, while maintaining the desired high strength of 110 ksi class. Can be adjusted.
- a steel pipe material having the above-described composition is used as a starting material, the steel pipe material is heated to a temperature within a predetermined range, and then a hot-worked seamless steel pipe having a predetermined size is formed. Then, the seamless steel pipe is tempered or quenched. And tempering. Furthermore, a straightening process may be performed as necessary to correct a defective steel pipe shape.
- the manufacturing method of the steel pipe material having the above-described composition is not particularly limited.
- the molten steel having the above-described composition can be converted into a steel converter, an electric furnace, a vacuum melting furnace (vacuum). It is melted by a generally known melting method such as melting furnace, and billet is formed by a conventional method such as continuous casting process, ingot casting-blowing process, etc. It is preferable to use a steel pipe material such as.
- These steel pipe materials are preferably heated to a temperature in the range of 1000 to 1350 ° C. If heating temperature is less than 1000 degreeC, melt
- the holding time at the above-described temperature is within 4 hours.
- the heated steel pipe material is then hot-processed and piped using a normal Mannesmann-plug mill process or Mannesmann-mandrel mill process.
- a seamless steel pipe having a predetermined dimension is preferable.
- the seamless steel pipe is cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of air cooling or higher.
- the martensite structure is 95 volume% or more, there is no need for a quenching process for reheating and rapid cooling (water cooling), but a quenching process for reheating and rapid cooling (water cooling) is necessary to stabilize the material. It is desirable to apply.
- the seamless steel pipe after hot rolling is subjected to a quenching process of reheating and quenching (water cooling).
- Quenching treatment in the present invention Ac 3 transformation point (Ac 3 transformation temperature) or more, then preferably reheated to a quenching temperature of 850 ⁇ 1050 ° C., Ms transformation point from ⁇ insertion temperature (martensitic transformation temperature) or less, preferably A process of rapid cooling (water cooling) to a temperature range of 100 ° C. or lower.
- tissue The structure
- the quenching heating temperature is less than the Ac 3 transformation point (less than 850 ° C.), it cannot be heated to an austenite single phase zone, and a sufficient martensite structure cannot be obtained by subsequent cooling. The desired strength cannot be ensured. For this reason, it is preferable to limit the heating temperature of the quenching treatment to the Ac 3 transformation point or higher.
- the cooling from the quenching heating temperature is preferably water cooling of 2 ° C./s or more, and is performed up to a temperature range of not more than the Ms transformation point, preferably not more than 100 ° C. Thereby, sufficient hardening structure (95 volume% or more martensitic structure) can be obtained.
- the soaking time at the quenching temperature is preferably 3 min or more from the viewpoint of soaking.
- the seamless steel pipe that has been subjected to the quenching process is subsequently subjected to a tempering process.
- the tempering treatment reduces the number of dislocations and stabilizes the structure, promotes the precipitation of fine substantially particulate M 2 C type precipitates, and further dissolves solid solution Mo into crystal grain boundaries and the like. This is performed in order to cause segregation of crystal defects and to combine desired high strength and excellent sulfide stress cracking resistance.
- the tempering temperature is preferably a temperature in the temperature range of 665 to 740 ° C. If the tempering temperature is out of the above range, hydrogen trap sites such as dislocations increase and the resistance to sulfide stress cracking decreases.
- the tempering treatment is preferably a treatment in which the temperature is kept within the above-mentioned range, preferably 20 minutes or more, and then cooled to a room temperature, preferably at a cooling rate of air cooling or more.
- the holding at the tempering temperature is preferably within 100 min.
- the tempering treatment is adjusted, and the dislocation density is preferably reduced to 6.0 ⁇ 10 14 / m 2 or less.
- D of (2) Formula is a self-diffusion coefficient of the iron atom in a martensite
- the value of (2) Formula is the iron atom when hold
- the dislocation density cannot be 6.0 ⁇ 10 14 / m 2 or less.
- the value of the formula (2) exceeds 150 nm, the yield strength YS becomes less than the target value of 110 ksi. Therefore, by selecting the tempering temperature and the holding time so as to satisfy the range defined in the formula (2) and performing the tempering treatment, excellent SCC resistance and desired high strength (YS: 110 ksi) And the like).
- Molten steel having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted in a vacuum melting furnace, further subjected to degassing treatment, and then cast into a steel ingot. These steel ingots (steel pipe materials) were heated at 1250 ° C. (retention: 3 h) and made into seamless steel pipes (outer diameter 178 mm ⁇ ⁇ thickness 22 mm) by a seamless mill (seamless mill).
- a test material was collected from the obtained seamless steel pipe, and the test material (steel pipe) was quenched and tempered under the conditions shown in Table 2.
- the seamless steel pipe (outer diameter 178 mm ⁇ ⁇ wall thickness 22 mm) used in this example, a 95% by volume or more martensite structure is obtained after cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of air cooling or higher. Since there was no tempering, all were tempered before tempering.
- a specimen was collected from the obtained test material (steel pipe) and subjected to a structure observation test, a tensile test, a corrosion test, a precipitate amount, and a quantitative analysis test for the amount of solute Mo.
- the test method was as follows.
- the appearance of the former ⁇ grain boundary is corroded using picral corrosive liquid (picral), and the obtained structure is observed with 3 optical fields each using an optical microscope (magnification: 400 times), in accordance with the provisions of JIS G 0551. Then, the particle size number of the old ⁇ grain was determined using a cutting method. Moreover, observation and identification of the deposit were performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)). Specifically, using a replica extracted from a specimen for tissue observation, observation was performed at a magnification of 5000 times, and a composition analysis by EDS was performed on precipitates included in the visual field.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDS Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- Precipitates whose Mo content as metal element (M) in the precipitates is less than 10% by atomic concentration are M 3 C, M 7 C 3 and M 23 C 6 type precipitates, and Mo content is more than 30% a precipitate was judged and Mo 2 C-type precipitate, to evaluate its shape for more than 50 Mo 2 C-type precipitates.
- the element concentration modulation at the old ⁇ grain boundary was evaluated by a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) function and EDS for the thin film produced by the electrolytic polishing method.
- the diameter of the used electron beam was about 0.5 nm, and a 20 nm straight line was analyzed with a 0.5 nm pitch across the old ⁇ grain boundary. From the quantification result of the obtained EDS spectrum at each point, the half width was determined as the Mo enriched region width at the old ⁇ grain boundary.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the Mo concentration state at the old ⁇ grain boundary as a result of the line analysis.
- API arc-shaped tensile test specimens are collected from test materials (steel pipes) in accordance with the provisions of API 5CT, tensile tests are performed, and tensile properties (yield strength YS, tensile strength TS) are obtained. Asked.
- tensile properties yield strength YS, tensile strength TS
- Corrosion test In addition, a corrosion test piece was taken from a test material (steel pipe), and a 0.5 wt% acetic acid + 5.0 wt% saline aqueous solution (liquid) saturated with H 2 S in accordance with NACE TM0177 Method A regulations.
- a test piece for electrolytic extraction was collected from a test material (steel pipe). Using the collected specimen for electrolytic extraction, 0.5 g as an electric extraction method (electrolytic solution: 10% AA-based electrolytic solution) with a current density of 20 mA / cm 2 is used. Only by constant-current electrolysis, the electrolytic solution containing the extracted electrolytic residue is filtered using a filter having a filter pore size of 0.2 nm, and the electrolytic residue on the filtered filter is filtered.
- the 10 wt% AA-based electrolyte is 10 wt% acetylacetone and 1 wt% tetramethylammonium chloride-methanol solution. Further, a value obtained by subtracting the obtained precipitated Mo amount (mass%) from the total Mo amount (mass%) was defined as a solid solution Mo amount (mass%).
- the dispersion amount of the M 2 C type precipitate was obtained by calculation from the quantitative values of the metal elements Cr and Mo in the electrolytic residue obtained by ICP emission analysis of the electrolytic residue.
- the main tempered precipitates (precipitates) in the steel type used are M 3 C type and M 2 C type
- the average composition of each of the M 3 C type precipitates and M 2 C type precipitates obtained from the results of EDS analysis (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) of the precipitates using the above-mentioned extraction replica (extraction replica) most precipitation Cr is have been found to have been dissolved in M 3 C type precipitate, from ICP emission analysis of the electrolyte residue with the average composition of the resulting M 3 C type precipitate from EDS analysis From the quantitative value of Cr in the obtained electrolytic residue, the amount of Mo dissolved in the M 3 C type precipitate can be calculated.
- All of the examples of the present invention are steel pipes having desired high strength (yield strength: 758 MPa or more, 110 ksi or more) and desired sulfide stress cracking resistance.
- the comparative example out of the scope of the present invention cannot secure a desired structure and a desired amount of solid solution Mo, and has a desired high strength and / or a desired excellent sulfide stress cracking resistance. It is not secured.
- the dislocation density is 6.0 ⁇ 10 14 / m 2 or less, and the fracture does not occur even when the load stress is 90% of the yield strength. Excellent resistance to sulfide stress cracking.
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Abstract
Description
(1)所定量以上の固溶Mo(solute Mo)を確保し、さらに
(2)旧γ粒径(Prior−Austenite Grain Sizes)を所定値以下に微細化すること、
(3)略粒子状のM2C型析出物を所定量以上分散させること
により、所望の高強度を安定して確保でき、所望の高強度と優れた耐硫化物応力割れ性とを兼備させることができるという知見を得た。更なる耐硫化物応力割れ性の向上のためには、
(4)旧γ粒界上にMoが1nm以上2nm未満程度の幅で濃化して存在すること、
が重要であることも新たに見出した。
(5)転位密度(dislocation density):6.0×1014/m2以下の組織とすること、により、鋼管の耐硫化物応力割れ性が顕著に向上することを見出した。そして、鉄の拡散距離(diffusion distance)に基づく適正な関係式を満足するように、焼戻処理(tempering treatment)における焼戻温度(temper temperature)と保持時間(soaking time)とを調整することにより、上記した転位密度まで安定して転位を減少することができることを見出した。
(1)mass%で、C:0.15~0.50%、Si:0.1~1.0%、Mn:0.3~1.0%、P:0.015%以下、S:0.005%以下、Al:0.01~0.1%、N:0.01%以下、Cr:0.1~1.7%、Mo:0.4~1.1%、V:0.01~0.12%、Nb:0.01~0.08%、B:0.0005~0.003%を含み、かつ前記Moのうち、固溶Moとして0.40%以上含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成と、焼戻マルテンサイト相(tempered martensite)を主相とし、旧オーステナイト粒(prior austenite grain)が粒度番号(grain number)で8.5以上で、略粒子状のM2C型析出物が0.06mass%以上分散してなる組織とを有することを特徴とする耐硫化物応力割れ性に優れた油井用継目無鋼管。
(3)(1)または(2)において、前記組織が、さらに前記旧オーステナイト粒界に幅1nm以上2nm未満のMo濃化領域を有することを特徴とする油井用継目無鋼管。
(4)(1)ないし(3)のいずれかにおいて、前記固溶Moの量αと、前記略粒子状のM2C型析出物の量βが次(1)式
0.7 ≦ α+3β ≦ 1.2 ‥‥(1)
(ここで、α:固溶Mo量(mass%)、β:略粒子状のM2C型析出物の量(mass%))
を満足することを特徴とする油井用継目無鋼管。
(6)(1)ないし(5)のいずれかにおいて、前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ni:1.0%以下を含有する組成とすることを特徴とする油井用継目無鋼管。
(8)(1)ないし(7)のいずれかにおいて、前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ca:0.001~0.005%を含有する油井用継目無鋼管。
(11)(10)において、前記焼入れ処理の焼入れ温度が、Ac3変態点~1050℃である油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
(12)(9)ないし(11)において、前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Cu:0.03%~1.0%を含有する油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
70nm ≦ 10000000√(60Dt) ≦ 150nm ‥‥(2)
(ここで、D(cm2/s)=4.8exp(−(63×4184)/(8.31(273+T))、T:焼戻温度(℃)、t:焼戻保持時間(min))
を満足する処理とすることを特徴とする油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
(15)(9)ないし(14)のいずれかにおいて、前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ti:0.03%以下、W:2.0%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種を含有する組成とすることを特徴とする油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
(16)(9)ないし(15)のいずれかにおいて、前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ca:0.001~0.005%を含有する組成とすることを特徴とする油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
C:0.15~0.50%
Cは、鋼の強度を増加させる作用を有し所望の高強度を確保するために重要な元素である。また、Cは、焼入れ性を向上させる元素であり、焼戻マルテンサイト相を主相とする組織の形成に寄与する。このような効果を得るためには、0.15%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、0.50%を超える含有は、焼戻時に、水素のトラップサイトとして作用する炭化物を多量に析出させ、鋼中への過剰な拡散性水素の侵入を阻止できなくなるとともに、焼入れ時の割れを抑制できなくなる。このため、Cは0.15~0.50%に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.20~0.30%である。
Siは、脱酸剤として作用するとともに、鋼中に固溶して鋼の強度を増加させ、焼戻時の急激な軟化を抑制する作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.1%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、1.0%を超える含有は、粗大な酸化物系介在物を形成し、強い水素トラップサイトとして作用するとともに、有効元素の固溶量低下を招く。このため、Siは0.1~1.0%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.20~0.30%である。
Mnは、焼入れ性の向上を介して、鋼の強度を増加させるとともに、Sと結合しMnSとしてSを固定して、Sによる粒界脆化(intergranular embrittlement)を防止する作用を有する元素であり、本発明では0.3%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、1.0%を超える含有は、粒界に析出するセメンタイト(cementite)が粗大化し耐硫化物応力割れ性を低下させる。このため、Mnは0.3~1.0%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.4~0.8%である。
Pは、固溶状態では粒界等に偏析し、粒界割れ(intergranular cracking)等を引き起こす傾向を示し、本発明ではできるだけ低減することが望ましいが、0.015%までは許容できる。このようなことから、Pは0.015%以下に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.013%以下である。
Sは、鋼中ではほとんどが硫化物系介在物(sulfide system inclusion)として存在し、延性(ductility)、靭性(toughness)や、耐硫化物応力割れ性等の耐食性を低下する。一部は固溶状態で存在する場合があるが、その場合には粒界等に偏析し、粒界脆化割れ等を引き起こす傾向を示す。このため、本発明ではできるだけ低減することが望ましいが、過剰な低減は精錬コスト(refining cost)を高騰させる。このようなことから、本発明では、Sは、その悪影響が許容できる0.005%以下に限定した。
Alは、脱酸剤(deoxidizing agent)として作用するとともに、Nと結合しAlNを形成してオーステナイト結晶粒(austenite grain)の微細化に寄与する。このような効果を得るために、Alは0.01%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、0.1%を超えて含有すると、酸化物系介在物(oxide system inclusion)が増加し靭性が低下する。このため、Alは0.01~0.1%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.02~0.07%である。
Nは、Mo、Ti、Nb、Al等の窒化物形成元素(nitride formation elements)と結合しMNの析出物(precipitates)を形成する。しかし、これらの析出物は耐SSC性を低下させるとともに、Mo等の耐SSC性向上に有効な元素の固溶量を少なくするとともに、さらに焼戻時に析出するMC、M2Cの析出量を低減し、所望の高強度化が期待できなくなる。このため、Nはできるだけ低減することが好ましく、Nは0.01%以下に限定した。なお、MN型析出物は、鋼素材等の加熱時に、結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する効果を有するため、Nは0.003%程度以上含有することが好ましい。
Crは、焼入れ性(hardenability)の増加を介して、鋼の強度の増加に寄与するとともに、耐食性を向上させる元素である。また、Crは、焼戻時にCと結合し、M3C系、M7C3系、M23C6系等の炭化物を形成する。このうち、M3C系炭化物は、焼戻軟化抵抗(resistance to temper softening)を向上させ、焼戻温度による強度変化を少なくして、強度調整を容易にする。このような効果を得るためには、0.1%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、1.7%を超えて含有すると、多量のM7C3系炭化物、M23C6系炭化物を形成し、水素のトラップサイトとして作用し耐硫化物応力割れ性が低下する。このため、Crは0.1~1.7%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.5~1.5%である。さらに好ましくは0.9~1.5%である。
Moは、炭化物を形成し析出硬化(precipitation hardening)により強度の増加に寄与するとともに、固溶して、旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析して更なる耐硫化物応力割れ性の向上に寄与する。また、Moは、腐食生成物を緻密化し、さらに割れの起点となるピット(pit)等の生成・成長を抑制する作用を有する。このような効果を得るためには、0.40%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、1.1%を超える含有は、針状(needle−like)のM2C型析出物や、場合によってはLaves相(Fe2Mo)を形成し耐硫化物応力割れ性を低下させる。このため、Moは0.40~1.1%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.6~1.1%である。この範囲のMo含有であれば、M2C型析出物も略粒子状を呈している。ここで言う「略粒子状」とは、球状(spherical shape)または、回転楕円体(spheroid)をいうものとする。なお、針状の析出物を含めないので、アスペクト比(長軸/短軸の比あるいは、最大径と最小径の比)が、5以下のものを言う。また粒子状の析出物が連なった場合は、集合体全体を析出物の形状として捉え、そのアスペクト比を用いる。
Vは、炭化物あるいは窒化物(nitride)を形成し、鋼の強化に寄与する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.01%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、0.12%を超えて含有しても、効果が飽和し、含有量に見合う効果が期待できなくなり経済的に不利となる。このため、Vは0.01~0.12%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.02~0.08%である。
Nbは、オーステナイト(γ)温度域での再結晶(recrystallization)を遅延させ、γ粒の微細化に寄与し、マルテンサイトの下部組織(例えばパケット(packet)、ブロック(block)、ラス(lath)等を言う)の微細化に極めて有効に作用するとともに、炭化物を形成し鋼を強化する作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.01%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、0.08%を超える含有は、粗大な析出物(NbN)の析出を促進し、耐硫化物応力割れ性の低下を招く。このため、Nbは0.01~0.08%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.02~0.06%である。ここで、パケットとは、平行に並んだ同じ晶癖面(habit plane)を持つラスの集団から成る領域と定義され、ブロックは、平行でかつ同じ方位のラスの集団から成る。
Bは、微量の含有で焼入れ性向上に寄与する元素であり、本発明では0.0005%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、0.003%を超えて多量に含有しても、効果が飽和するかあるいはFe−B硼化物の形成により、逆に所望の効果が期待できなくなり、経済的に不利となる。なお、0.003%を超えて含有すると、Mo2B、Fe2B等の粗大な硼化物(boride)の形成を促進し、熱延時に割れを発生しやすくする。このため、Bは0.0005~0.003%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.001~0.003%である。
Cuは、鋼の強度を増加させるとともに、靭性、耐食性(corrosion resistance)を向上させる作用を有する元素であり、特に、厳しい耐硫化物応力割れ性が求められる場合には、極めて重要な元素であり、必要に応じて添加できる。添加した場合、緻密な腐食生成物(corrosion product)が形成され、さらに割れの起点となるピットの生成・成長が抑制されて、耐硫化物応力割れ性が顕著に向上するため、本発明では0.03%以上の含有が望ましい。一方で、1.0%を超えて含有しても効果が飽和するうえ、コストの高騰を招く。このため、含有する場合には0.03%~1.0%とすることが望ましい。なお、好ましくは、0.03%~0.10%である。
Niは、鋼の強度を増加させるとともに、靭性、耐食性(corrosion resistance)を向上させる作用を有する元素であり、必要に応じて含有できる。このような効果を得るためには、Ni:0.03%以上を含有することが望ましいが、Ni:1.0%を超えて含有しても効果が飽和するうえ、コストの高騰を招く。このため、含有する場合には、Ni:1.0%以下に限定することが好ましい。
Ti、Wはいずれも、炭化物を形成し、鋼の強化に寄与する元素であり、必要に応じて選択して含有できる。
Tiは、炭化物あるいは窒化物を形成し、鋼の強化に寄与する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.01%以上含有することが望ましい。一方、0.03%を超える含有は、鋳造時に粗大なMC型窒化物(TiN)の形成が促進され、その後の加熱でも固溶しないため、靭性や耐硫化物応力割れ性の低下を招く。このため、Tiは0.03%以下の範囲に限定することが好ましい。なお、より好ましくは0.01~0.02%である。
Caは、展伸した硫化物系介在物を粒状の介在物とする、いわゆる介在物の形態を制御する作用を有し、この介在物の形態制御を介して、延性、靭性や耐硫化物応力割れ性を向上させる効果を有する元素である。必要に応じて添加できる。このような効果は、0.001%以上の含有で顕著となるが、0.005%を超える含有は、非金属介在物(non−metallic inclusion)が増加し、かえって延性、靭性や耐硫化物応力割れ性が低下する。このため、含有する場合には、Caは0.001~0.005%の範囲に限定した。
つぎに本発明鋼管は、上記した組成を有し、かつ焼戻マルテンサイト相を主相とし、旧オーステナイト粒が粒度番号で8.5以上で、かつ略球状のM2C型析出物が0.06mass%以上分散した組織を有する。なお、旧オーステナイト粒界上に幅1nm以上2nm未満のMo濃化領域を有することが好ましい。
またさらに、本発明鋼管では、上記した旧γ粒度番号を有し、さらに略粒子状のM2C型析出物が分散した組織を有する。分散するM2C型析出物は、略粒子状とする。略粒子状のM2C型析出物を分散させることにより、強度の増加が顕著となり、耐硫化物応力割れ性を損なうことなく、所望の高強度を確保できるようになる。なお、針状のM2C型析出物が多くなると、耐硫化物応力割れ性が低下し、所望の耐硫化物応力割れ性を確保できなくなる。
0.7 ≦ α+3β ≦ 1.2 ‥‥(1)
(ここで、α:固溶Moの量(mass%)、β:略粒子状のM2C型析出物の量(mass%))
を満足するように調整することが好ましい。固溶Moの量と略粒子状のM2C型析出物の量が、(1)式を満足しない場合には、耐硫化物応力割れ性が低下する。
鋼管から採取した試験片(大きさ:厚さ1mm×幅10mm×長さ10mm)の表面を鏡面研磨(mirror polishing)したのち、さらにフッ酸(hydrofluoric acid)を用いて表層の歪を除去した。この歪を除去した試験片に対し、X線回折により、焼戻しマルテンサイト(b.c.c.結晶構造)の(110)、(211)、(220)面のピークの半値幅(half bandwidth)を求めた。これら半値幅を用いて、Williamson−Hall法(中島ら:CAMP−ISIJ,vol.17(2004),396参照)にしたがい、試験片の不均一歪(inhomogeneous strain)εを求め、次式
ρ=14.4ε2/b2
により、転位密度ρを求めた。なお、bは、焼戻しマルテンサイト(b.c.c.結晶構造)のバーガースベクトル(burgers vector)(=0.248nm)である。
鋼管から採取した試験片(大きさ:平行部直径6.35mmφ×長さ25.4mm)を、NACE TM0177 Method Aの規定に準拠して、H2Sが飽和した0.5(wt%)%酢酸+5.0(wt%)%食塩水溶液(液温:24℃)中に浸漬し、鋼管の降伏強さの90%の負荷応力で、720時間までの定荷重試験を実施し、破断までの時間を測定した。
なお、焼戻処理の焼戻温度、保持時間を適正に調整することにより、所望の110ksi級の高強度を維持しつつ、転位密度を、適正範囲である6.0×1014/m2以下に調整できる。
上記した組成を有する鋼管素材を出発素材として、該鋼管素材を所定範囲の温度に加熱したのち、熱間加工により所定寸法の継目無鋼管とし、ついで該継目無鋼管に焼戻処理、または焼入れ処理と焼戻処理とを施す。さらに、必要に応じて、鋼管形状の不良を矯正するために矯正処理(straightening)を施してもよい。
これら鋼管素材を、好ましくは1000~1350℃の範囲の温度に加熱する。加熱温度が1000℃未満では、炭化物の溶解が不十分となる。一方、1350℃を超えると、結晶粒が粗大化しすぎて、旧γ粒界上のセメンタイトが粗大化するとともに、P,S等の不純物元素の粒界上への濃化(偏析)が顕著となり、粒界が脆弱となり、粒界破壊(intergranular fracture)を生じやすくなる。なお、上記した温度での保持時間は4h以内とすることが生産性の観点から好ましい。
焼入れ処理を施された継目無鋼管は、引続き、焼戻処理を施される。
焼戻温度は、665~740℃の温度域の温度とすることが好ましい。焼戻温度が上記した範囲を低く外れると、転位等の水素トラップサイトが増加し、耐硫化物応力割れ性が低下する。一方、焼戻温度が上記した範囲を高く外れると、組織の軟化が著しくなり、所望の高強度を確保できなくなるうえ、針状のM2C型析出物が増加し、耐硫化物応力割れ性が低下する。なお、焼戻処理は、上記した範囲内の温度で、好ましくは20min以上保持したのち、好ましくは空冷以上の冷却速度で、好ましくは室温まで冷却する処理とすることが好ましい。なお、焼戻温度での保持は、100min以内とすることが好ましい。焼戻保持時間が長すぎると、Laves相(Fe2Mo)が析出し、実質的に固溶状態のMo量が低下する。
70nm ≦ 10000000√(60Dt) ≦ 150nm ‥‥(2)
(ここで、D(cm2/s)=4.8exp(−(63×4184)/(8.31(273+T))、T:焼戻温度(℃)、t:焼戻保持時間(min))
を満足するように調整する。なお、(2)式のDは、マルテンサイト中の鉄原子の自己拡散係数であり、また、(2)式の値は、温度Tで時間tだけ保持(焼戻)した場合の、鉄原子の拡散距離を表す。
得られた試験材(鋼管)から、試験片を採取し、組織観察試験、引張試験、腐食試験、析出物量および固溶Mo量の定量分析試験を実施した。試験方法は次のとおりとした。
得られた試験材(鋼管)から、組織観察用試験片を採取し、管長手方向に直交する断面(C断面)を研磨、腐食(腐食液:ナイタール液(nital))して、光学顕微鏡(optical microscope)(倍率(magnification ratio):1000倍)および走査型電子顕微鏡(scanning electron microscope)(倍率:2000倍)で組織を観察し、撮像して、画像解析装置(image analyzer)を用い、組織の種類およびその分率を測定した。
また、析出物の観察、同定は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)、およびエネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDS(Energy Dispersive X−ray Spectroscopy))を用いて行った。具体的には、組織観察用試験片から抽出したレプリカを用いて、倍率:5000倍で観察し、視野内に含まれる析出物についてEDSによる組成分析を実施した。析出物中の金属元素(M)としてのMo含有量が原子濃度で10%未満の析出物をM3C、M7C3、M23C6型析出物と、Mo含有量が30%超の析出物をMo2C型析出物と判別し、50個以上のMo2C型析出物についてその形状を評価した。
すなわち、試験片の表面を鏡面研磨したのち、さらにフッ酸を用いて表層の歪を除去した。この歪を除去した試験片に対し、X線回折により、焼戻しマルテンサイト(b.c.c.結晶構造)の(110)、(211)、(220)面のピークの半値幅を求めた。これら半値幅を用いて、Williamson−Hall法(中島ら:CAMP−ISIJ,vol.17(2004),396参照)にしたがい、試験片の不均一歪εを求め、次式
ρ=14.4ε2/b2
により、転位密度ρを求めた。
また、試験材(鋼管)から、API 5CTの規定に準拠してAPI弧状引張試験片を採取し、引張試験を実施し、引張特性(降伏強さYS、引張強さTS)を求めた。
(3)腐食試験
また、試験材(鋼管)から、腐食試験片を採取し、NACE TM0177 Method Aの規定に準拠した、H2Sが飽和した0.5wt%酢酸+5.0wt%食塩水溶液(液温:24℃)中での定荷重試験を実施し、降伏強さの85%または90%または95%の負荷応力で、720時間、負荷したのち、試験片の割れの有無を観察し、耐硫化物応力割れ性を評価した。なお、割れ観察は、倍率:10倍の投影機を使用した。
試験材(鋼管)から、電解抽出用試験片を採取した。採取した電解抽出用試験片を用いて、電解抽出法(electrolytic extraction method)(電解液(electrolytic solution):10%AA系電解液)で、電流密度(current density)20mA/cm2として0.5gだけ定電流電解(constant−current electrolysis)し、抽出された電解残渣(electrolytic residue)を含む電解液をフィルター孔径0.2nmのフィルター(filter)を用いて濾過し、濾過後のフィルター上の電解残渣をICP発光分析装置(Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy)を用いて分析し、析出物中のMo量を求め、試料中に含まれる析出Mo量(mass%)を算出した。なお、10wt%AA系電解液とは、10wt%アセチルアセトン(acetylacetone)−1wt%塩化テトラメチルアンモニウム(tetramethylammonium chloride)−メタノール液(methanol solution)である。また、全Mo量(mass%)から、得られた析出Mo量(mass%)を差し引いた値を固溶Mo量(mass%)とした。
なお、焼戻条件が(2)式を満足する本発明例はいずれも、転位密度が6.0×1014/m2以下であり、負荷応力が降伏強さの90%でも破断しないという、優れた耐硫化物応力割れ性を有している。
Claims (16)
- mass%で、
C:0.15~0.50%、 Si:0.1~1.0%、
Mn:0.3~1.0%、 P:0.015%以下、
S:0.005%以下、 Al:0.01~0.1%、
N:0.01%以下、 Cr:0.1~1.7%、
Mo:0.4~1.1%、 V:0.01~0.12%、
Nb:0.01~0.08%、 B:0.0005~0.003%、
を含み、かつ前記Moのうち、固溶Moとして0.40%以上含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成と、焼戻マルテンサイト相を主相とし、旧オーステナイト粒が粒度番号で8.5以上で、略粒子状のM2C型析出物が0.06mass%以上分散してなる組織とを有する油井用継目無鋼管。 - 請求項1において、前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Cu:0.03%~1.0%を含有する油井用継目無鋼管。
- 前記組織が、さらに前記旧オーステナイト粒界に幅1nm以上2nm未満のMo濃化領域を有する請求項1または請求項2に記載の油井用継目無鋼管。
- 前記固溶Moの量αと、前記略粒子状のM2C型析出物の量βが下記(1)式を満足する請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管。
記
0.7 ≦ α+3β ≦ 1.2 ‥‥(1)
ここで、α:固溶Mo量(mass%)、β:略粒子状のM2C型析出物の量(mass%) - 前記組織の転位密度が、6.0×1014/m2以下である請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管。
- 前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ni:1.0%以下を含有する請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管。
- 前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ti:0.03%以下、W:2.0%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種を含有する組成とする請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管。
- 前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ca:0.001~0.005%を含有する組成とする請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管。
- mass%で、
C:0.15~0.50%、 Si:0.1~1.0%、
Mn:0.3~1.0%、 P:0.015%以下、
S:0.005%以下、 Al:0.01~0.1%、
N:0.01%以下、 Cr:0.1~1.7%、
Mo:0.4~1.1%、 V:0.01~0.12%、
Nb:0.01~0.08%、 B:0.0005~0.003%、
を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成の鋼管素材を、1000~1350℃の範囲の温度に再加熱したのち、該鋼管素材に熱間加工を施し、所定形状の継目無鋼管とし、ついで、空冷以上の冷却速度で室温まで冷却し、665~740℃の範囲の温度で焼戻処理を施す油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。 - 請求項9において、前記焼戻処理前に、再加熱し急冷する焼入れ処理を施す油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
- 前記焼入れ処理の焼入れ温度が、Ac3変態点~1050℃である請求項10に記載の油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
- 前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Cu:0.03%~1.0%を含有する請求項9ないし11のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
- 前記焼戻処理を、焼戻温度T(℃)が前記温度の範囲内で、かつ該焼戻温度T:665~740℃と保持時間t(min)との関係が下記(2)式を満足する処理とする請求項9ないし請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
記
70nm ≦ 10000000√(60Dt) ≦ 150nm ‥‥(2)
ここで、D(cm2/s)=4.8exp(−(63×4184)/(8.31(273+T))
T:焼戻温度(℃)、t:焼戻保持時間(min) - 前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ni:1.0%以下を含有する組成とする請求項9ないし13のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
- 前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ti:0.03%以下、W:2.0%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種を含有する組成とする請求項9ないし14のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
- 前記組成に加えてさらに、mass%で、Ca:0.001~0.005%を含有する組成とする請求項9ないし15のいずれか1項に記載の油井用継目無鋼管の製造方法。
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CN201080028634.8A CN102459677B (zh) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-06-23 | 耐硫化物应力破裂性优良的油井用高强度无缝钢管及其制造方法 |
CA2766028A CA2766028C (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-06-23 | High-strength seamless steel tube, having excellent resistance to sulfide stress cracking, for oil wells and method for manufacturing the same |
RU2012102294/02A RU2493268C1 (ru) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-06-23 | Высокопрочная бесшовная стальная труба, обладающая очень высокой стойкостью к сульфидному растрескиванию под напряжением для нефтяных скважин и способ ее изготовления |
US13/379,723 US9234254B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-06-23 | High-strength seamless steel tube, having excellent resistance to sulfide stress cracking, for oil wells and method for manufacturing the same |
EP10792232.0A EP2447386B1 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-06-23 | High-strength seamless steel tube for use in oil wells, which has excellent resistance to sulfide stress cracking and production method for same |
BRPI1011755-5A BRPI1011755B1 (pt) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-06-23 | Tubo de aço de alta resistência sem costura, com excelente resistência à fragilização causada por sulfeto, para poços de petróleo e processo para produção do mesmo |
MX2011013872A MX2011013872A (es) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-06-23 | Tubo de acero sin costuras de alta resistencia para usarse en pozos de petroleo, el cual tiene excelente resistencia a las fisuras por esfuerzo y metodos de produccion del mismo. |
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BR (1) | BRPI1011755B1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5728836B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
CN102459677A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
CN102459677B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
EP2447386A1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
CA2766028C (en) | 2014-04-08 |
JP2011246798A (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
EP2447386A4 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
CA2766028A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
US20120186704A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
RU2012102294A (ru) | 2013-07-27 |
JP6064955B2 (ja) | 2017-01-25 |
EP2447386B1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
JP2015038247A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
US9234254B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 |
BRPI1011755B1 (pt) | 2018-01-30 |
MX2011013872A (es) | 2012-02-01 |
BRPI1011755A2 (pt) | 2016-03-22 |
RU2493268C1 (ru) | 2013-09-20 |
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