WO2010137429A1 - 超硬合金製エンドミル及び該エンドミルを用いた切削加工方法 - Google Patents
超硬合金製エンドミル及び該エンドミルを用いた切削加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010137429A1 WO2010137429A1 PCT/JP2010/057067 JP2010057067W WO2010137429A1 WO 2010137429 A1 WO2010137429 A1 WO 2010137429A1 JP 2010057067 W JP2010057067 W JP 2010057067W WO 2010137429 A1 WO2010137429 A1 WO 2010137429A1
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- outer peripheral
- nick
- end mill
- gash
- blade
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/003—Milling-cutters with vibration suppressing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
- B23C2210/08—Side or top views of the cutting edge
- B23C2210/086—Discontinuous or interrupted cutting edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
- B23C2210/08—Side or top views of the cutting edge
- B23C2210/088—Cutting edges with a wave form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
- B23C2210/28—Arrangement of teeth
- B23C2210/287—Cutting edges arranged at different axial positions or having different lengths in the axial direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during milling
- B23C2250/16—Damping vibrations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
- Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
- Y10T407/1908—Face or end mill
- Y10T407/1924—Specified tool shape
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
- Y10T407/1946—Face or end mill
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
- Y10T407/1946—Face or end mill
- Y10T407/1948—Face or end mill with cutting edge entirely across end of tool [e.g., router bit, end mill, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
- Y10T407/1952—Having peripherally spaced teeth
- Y10T407/1962—Specified tooth shape or spacing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
- Y10T407/1952—Having peripherally spaced teeth
- Y10T407/1962—Specified tooth shape or spacing
- Y10T407/1964—Arcuate cutting edge
- Y10T407/1966—Helical tooth
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cemented carbide end mill used from rough cutting to intermediate finishing cutting and a cutting method using the end mill.
- the present invention is capable of performing multi-functional and high-speed machining with a single end mill from rough cutting to intermediate finishing such as longitudinal feed processing, transverse feed processing, and inclined processing, which is a combined processing, conventionally performed with separate end mills. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cemented carbide end mill that can be used in the manufacturing process and a cutting method using the end mill.
- the conventional general roughing end mill for the purposes of the present invention has a high-speed tool steel or cemented carbide as a base material and has a wave shape and a nick on the outer peripheral blade.
- the attached outer peripheral blades are out of phase at equal intervals in the tool axis direction so as not to leave uncut parts with each blade.
- End mills with such conventional wavy shapes and nicked outer edges can be machined with less cutting resistance and easier cutting of chips compared to ordinary end mills. And high-efficiency machining is possible.
- the machined surface is rougher than a regular edge mill, so it is often used for rough machining.
- Patent Document 1 in a wave-shaped edge-shaped end mill, by making the amount of deviation from the phase between adjacent outer peripheral blades non-uniform, the cut cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional area of each outer peripheral blade become non-uniform, It is described that chatter vibration is suppressed as in the case of an unequally divided end mill, and tool life improvement and high-efficiency machining are possible.
- the pitch of the wave shape of the outer peripheral edge constituted by the luffing cutting edge is increased or decreased in a sinusoidal shape with the even period of the wave shape unevenness as one period, and the pitch Since the corrugation of the wave shape is changed for each period in conjunction with the increase / decrease of the depth, the cutting mode of each part in the axial direction changes due to the increase / decrease, and the resonance frequency shifts, and the tool as a whole It is described that resonance is reduced and chatter vibration is suppressed.
- Some of the conventional general end mills for roughing to semi-finishing cutting targeted by the present invention have nicks on the outer peripheral edge. Compared with an end mill with a conventional outer peripheral edge, the end mill having such a conventional nicked outer peripheral edge can easily cut chips and reduce the cutting resistance. The amount can be increased and high-efficiency machining is possible. However, when high-efficiency machining is performed with a large depth of cut, chatter vibration is a cause, often causing problems such as chipping and chipping at the nick portion.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 are an example in which the shape of the nick is improved as a countermeasure against chipping and chipping.
- the end mill described in Patent Document 3 intends to secure the strength of the portion connecting the nick and the outer peripheral blade portion by providing large flank angles at both ends of the nick.
- Patent Document 4 describes an end mill that improves chipping resistance and machined surface roughness by rounding each connecting portion on both sides of a nick.
- Patent Document 5 proposes an end mill that constitutes a plurality of stages of a gash surface that gradually increases as the gash notch angle increases toward the rear end side. Gash surface on the front end side of the center of the end mill body where a large load acts during vertical feed ensures strength and can prevent chipping etc., and the gash surface on the rear end side secures a space for chip discharge. .
- Patent Document 6 proposes an end mill in which a gash surface is provided on the end mill rotation center side and the end mill outer periphery side, and a gash angle on the outer periphery side is larger than a gash angle on the rotation center side.
- Patent Document 7 proposed by the applicant has been put to practical use.
- end mills specialized for vertical feed and horizontal feed processing have been proposed.
- processing including vertical feed such as concave shape and inclined cutting
- an end mill or drill specialized for vertical feed should be used first, and then unrolled with an end mill specialized for horizontal feed.
- chip discharge is taken into consideration, and a chip pocket with a small number of blades that can be made is often used. Often used are those with many blades.
- the conventional ordinary end mill has a plurality of cutting edges on the outer periphery, and because of the milling tool's characteristic of cutting while rotating, the traverse feed processing does not cause much problem of chip discharge, but the end mill performs vertical feed processing. To do so, it is difficult to achieve high-efficiency processing due to chip discharge problems.
- chip discharge generated by the bottom blade near the center of the shaft is poor, and breakage due to chip clogging tends to occur.
- the tip pocket of the bottom blade is enlarged to improve chip discharge, the chip discharge will be good, but there will be a problem in that the bottom blade is not rigid enough to cause defects during transverse feed processing. is there.
- High-speed cutting is a method of increasing the cutting speed, that is, setting the rotation speed high and performing high-efficiency machining.
- High-efficiency machining is theoretically possible if the cutting speed is increased and the depth of cut is also increased, but in reality, practical end mills based on cemented carbide have not been fully achieved. is there.
- the reason for this is that, particularly in roughing, chatter vibration occurs when the cutting depth is increased and the rotation speed is set high using an end mill with a corrugated outer peripheral edge or a nicked outer peripheral edge.
- the end mill made of cemented carbide which has relatively low toughness compared to the above, has not only shortened the life due to abnormal wear and chipping, but also caused tool breakage and breakage.
- an end mill using an unevenly divided cutting edge has been proposed as a technique for suppressing chatter vibration by cutting using an end mill.
- End mills with unequally divided cutting edges can be effective in suppressing constant chatter vibrations if they are designed appropriately, but the cutting edges are non-uniformly arranged, so when grinding the cutting edges The production of the end mill is difficult and the production cost is increased.
- the split angle of each blade is different when regrinding the end mill, there are many problems in alignment and the like when regrinding.
- an end mill with unequal division means that the blade groove is non-uniform in shape, and chip dischargeability tends to be uneven and chip discharge performance is poor, so abnormal wear, chipping, etc.
- This problem is particularly important for the treatment of chips that are discharged in large quantities due to recent high-speed cutting, and a cemented carbide end mill that can be expected to have a long life if there is no abnormal wear or chipping is the base material. Due to the brittleness of the tool, there was concern about tool damage, which was behind the delay in application to high-efficiency machining.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an end mill that makes the amount of phase shift between adjacent wave-shaped outer peripheral blades non-uniform, and suppresses chatter vibration with the same effect as an unequal division end mill.
- the end mill of Patent Document 1 uses high-speed tool steel as a base material, an example in which the phase shift amount of each outer peripheral blade is relatively large (the phase shift amount is about 6%) has been proposed.
- the outer edge of cemented carbide end mills have a strong awareness that chipping and chipping are inherently more likely to occur compared to high-speed tool steel, so the idea is to try to shift the phase of the outer edge with a cemented carbide end mill. It is no exaggeration to say that it was difficult to occur.
- the toughness is relatively high, so even if the amount of deviation from the phase of each peripheral blade is relatively large, there is no concern about chipping, etc. Considering the proportion of the amount of phase deviation There is no need.
- the end mill base material is a cemented carbide with relatively low toughness as in the present invention
- the phase shift amount is simply made uneven and the phase shift amount is large as described above.
- the outer peripheral edge of a cemented carbide end mill with a large cutting amount tends to cause chipping and chipping, and there remains a problem in stable application in further high-speed cutting. That is, the phase shift amount in the cemented carbide end mill has not been optimized.
- the appropriate value of the nick phase shift amount or the nick shape using the cemented carbide as a base material is completely unknown from Patent Document 1, and is not helpful.
- Patent Document 2 At least one of the corrugated pitch, depth, and radius of curvature of the luffing cutting edge is increased or decreased with a period larger than the period of the corrugated irregularities, and the cutting amount of each blade is changed.
- End mills that suppress chatter vibration by changing the cutting amount of each blade have been proposed.
- changing the wave shape with each blade requires a grindstone for each wave shape at the time of manufacturing the end mill, and the tool manufacturing cost is considerably increased as in the end mill to which unequal division is applied.
- the nick shape of the end mill described in Patent Document 3 has a sharp edge shape as shown in FIG. This shape is intended to ensure strength by providing large flank angles at both ends of the nick, but the cemented carbide end mill for high-efficiency machining intended by the present invention has a major problem due to chipping resistance. I can't even refer to it.
- Patent Document 4 describes a tool that can improve the machining surface accuracy by providing rounds on both sides of the nick, but there is no description of the size of the round radius on the tip end side of the nick and the round radius on the tool shank side.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 are only examples in which the shape of the nick is improved as a countermeasure against chipping or chipping, and the efficiency of the end mill is changed by changing the amount of phase shift of the cutting edge. It is not a cutting edge intended for processing. From Patent Documents 3 and 4, although an end mill having a nick shape can be assumed, it is not possible to know what nick shape is desirable in order to achieve high-efficiency machining in a cemented carbide end mill.
- Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6 characterized by the shape of the gasche are both out of phase at equal intervals in the tool axis direction, and the amount of phase shift is different for each outer peripheral blade. Absent.
- the effect of the gash shape for high-efficiency machining as in the present invention is demonstrated as an effect of assisting the discharge of chips when a large amount of chips are produced with the shape of the outer peripheral blade with different phase shift amounts. This is due to a synergistic effect with the peripheral blade.
- Patent Document 5 nor Patent Document 6 can serve as a reference for creating the present invention in terms of a synergistic effect with the action of the outer peripheral blade.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that for a longitudinal feed process, a gash surface on the front end side of the end mill body where a large load acts during vertical feed ensures strength, and a gash surface on the rear end side secures a space for discharging chips.
- Patent Document 6 is an end mill that forms a multi-stage gash surface suitable for high-speed transverse feed processing of a high hardness material.
- the length of the joint between the front-end and rear-end gash surfaces balances tool rigidity and chip discharge. It became clear in the process of creation of the present invention that it was important for this purpose.
- the conventional end mill it is necessary to replace the end mill suitable for each processing depending on the purpose of processing, and it is not suitable for high efficiency due to loss of setup change time.
- the conventional ordinary end mill has a plurality of cutting edges on the outer periphery, and because of the milling tool's characteristic of cutting while rotating, the traverse feed processing does not cause much problem of chip discharge, but the end mill performs vertical feed processing. To do so, it is difficult to achieve high-efficiency processing due to chip discharge problems.
- the problems with the prior art have been pointed out, but the improvement proposals for the end mills described in any of the prior art are specialized for either vertical feed processing or horizontal feed processing.
- multi-function machining which is an important problem recognition of the present invention, that is, an end mill proposal that can perform all of the above.
- the present invention can perform multi-functional processing such as longitudinal feed cutting, transverse feed cutting, and inclined cutting with a single end mill with high efficiency, and considers the manufacturing cost of cutting tools.
- tool manufacturing and re-polishing of the tool can be easily performed, and the chatter vibration is suppressed by sufficiently distributing the cutting resistance, and a long-life cemented carbide end mill and cutting using the end mill are possible. It aims to provide a method.
- the purpose of the multi-functional machining aimed at by the present invention is to provide an end mill capable of dealing with various work materials in addition to aiming at almost all kinds of cutting as described above. Yes.
- This purpose is indispensable for cutting of heat-resistant alloys and titanium alloys used for aircraft materials and nuclear power generation, for which demand is increasing recently.
- the present invention is a cemented carbide that has good chip evacuation, can sufficiently distribute cutting resistance, and can suppress chatter vibration even when the cutting amount is increased by high-speed rotation such as longitudinal feed cutting and inclined cutting.
- An end mill made of steel is provided.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a cemented carbide end mill that allows easy tool manufacture and tool re-polishing in consideration of manufacturing costs.
- the purpose of the present invention is to develop an end mill for high-efficiency cutting that can achieve a larger amount of chip discharge per unit time than before, and the cutting tool performance suppresses chatter vibration and smooth chip discharge.
- This is a cemented carbide end mill that uses chatter vibration and adopts an equally divided end mill that has a great advantage in terms of productivity. It was created as a result of studying other shape factors that can suppress as much as possible.
- the present invention can be realized using a cemented carbide as a base material and the shape of the outer peripheral blade being either a corrugated outer peripheral blade or a nicked outer peripheral blade.
- the inventor of the present invention uses a cemented carbide as a base material to arrange the cutting edges in the circumferential direction of the end mill equally, and forms an optimum amount of phase shift in the axial direction of the corrugated outer peripheral blade or the outer peripheral blade with a nick. Focusing on this, we studied various amounts of phase shift that can withstand high-speed cutting and minimize chatter vibration.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is based on a crest of a corrugated outer peripheral blade or a nicked outer peripheral blade
- the crest of another corrugated outer peripheral blade or a nicked outer peripheral blade is
- the corrugated outer peripheral blades or the nicked outer peripheral blades are arranged out of phase in a specific range to such an extent that they do not cause defects or chipping that are a concern of a cemented carbide alloy. Yes.
- the end mill of the present invention has a plurality of wave-shaped outer peripheral blades that repeat crests and valleys in the radial direction of the outer peripheral blade of the tool, and a plurality of nicks that sever chips in the radial direction of the outer peripheral blade of the tool.
- the amount of deviation of the phase of at least one other outer peripheral blade in the tool axis direction is The tool axis direction with a width of 5% or less not including 0% of the pitch from the respective phases of the reference shape outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the wave or nick pitch of the outer peripheral blade by the number of blades It is a cemented carbide end mill characterized in that
- the deviation amount is 1% to 3% of the pitch from each phase of the reference shape outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by the wave or nick pitch of the outer peripheral blade divided by the number of blades. It is desirable that the tool axis is displaced in the width of%.
- the present invention is a hardened material whose hardness is more than 40 HRC, in which the target work material is said to be a difficult-to-work material, and in a high-speed tool steel end mill, whatever the shape of the tool, The tool life is extremely short and machining is practically difficult. Since the present invention is an end mill using a cemented carbide as a base material, compared with a conventional high-speed tool steel end mill, the corrugated outer peripheral blade or the outer peripheral blade with a nick greatly improves the wear resistance. In order to shift the phase, the outer peripheral blade is exposed to the risk of chipping and chipping due to the brittle defects of the cemented carbide.
- the present inventor examined the optimum arrangement of the outer peripheral edge wave or nick pitch from a number of cutting tests on the cemented carbide end mill, and as a result, the phase shift amount was determined by changing the wave pitch amount to the number of blades. Displaced in the axial direction with a relatively narrow width deviation of 5% or less not including 0% of the wave or nick pitch from the phase of the reference wave shape outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by the value divided by It has been found that it is necessary to be done.
- the amount of phase shift is essential, but the amount of phase shift must be 5% or less, preferably 1 to 3%. This is because when the amount of phase shift exceeds 5%, the cemented carbide end mill tends to cause chipping or chipping of the corrugated outer peripheral blade or the nicked outer peripheral blade.
- One of the most important parts of the present invention is to optimize the amount of phase shift in order to employ a cemented carbide end mill to enable high-speed rough cutting.
- the manufacture of the tool is easy, and the chipping or chipping is caused by the fact that the shape of the corrugated outer peripheral blade or the nicked outer peripheral blade is out of phase.
- chatter vibration during processing can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to provide a cemented carbide end mill that can perform high-efficiency roughing or high-efficiency intermediate finishing by high-speed cutting and that can perform a long life.
- the shape of the corrugated outer peripheral blade or the nicked outer peripheral blade being out of phase can be effective even when applied to only one outer peripheral blade. I can do it. That is, the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention has three or more outer peripheral blades, and at least one set of the peripheral blades among adjacent peripheral blades has a wave or nick pitch of the outer peripheral blades. There may be no deviation amount from the respective phases of the reference shape outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by the value divided by the number, and the deviation amounts from the phases of the other peripheral blades of other groups may be uneven.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention has a specific range within which the phase of the nick of at least one other blade does not cause chipping or chipping when an outer peripheral blade with a nick is used as a reference shape outer peripheral blade. It is clear that it is desirable to have a new nick shape in order to suppress as much as possible the effect on chipping that increases the cutting load as a result of shifting the phase for the nick shape as well. did.
- the outer peripheral blade has a plurality of nicks, and when the nick and the outer peripheral blade are viewed on a cutting plane parallel to the twist angle of the end mill, It is desirable that both ends of the nick are smoothly connected to the outer peripheral edge adjacent to the nick by rounding, and the round radius on the tool tip side of each nick is smaller than the round radius on the tool shank side of the nick.
- the nicked cemented carbide end mill of the present invention enables cutting faster than before by changing the amount of deviation from the phase arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the pitch of the nick by the number of blades. For this reason, the cutting edge becomes severer and the risk of chipping is higher than that of conventional high-speed cutting, but the shape of the nick is the above-mentioned nick so that the peripheral blade does not cause chipping due to the load during high-speed cutting. It has been found that special consideration may be required in addition to the shape of both ends of the.
- the average feed rate is about 500 mm / min when it is desired to ensure the average surface roughness.
- the amount of deviation of the nick phase in the tool axis direction can be reduced.
- the conventional feed rate can be increased by a factor of two.
- the range of 800 mm / min to 1000 mm / min is the limit even in the feed rate in that case, and in high-speed cutting at a feed rate exceeding this limit, the outer peripheral blade causes chipping due to the load in high-speed cutting. It was difficult to cut at higher speeds simply by defining the amount of deviation in the tool axis direction from the phase arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the shape of both ends and the pitch of the nick by the number of blades.
- the nick in the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention it is important for the nick in the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention to consider the shape of the nick groove in addition to the rounding condition at both ends of the nick. It is. That is, a better invention requirement of the present invention is that the bottom end of the nick groove is connected to the roundness on the tool shank side with a straight line or a convex curve toward the nick groove, or convex toward the straight line and the nick groove. It is desirable that they are connected in combination with a curved line.
- the nicked cemented carbide end mill according to another invention is such that the bottom end of the nick groove is connected to the round on the tool shank side by a straight line or a convex curve toward the nick groove, or A cemented carbide end mill characterized by being connected by a combination of the straight line and a convex curve toward the nick groove.
- the present invention makes the deviation amount from the phase arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the pitch of the nick by the number of blades as a result, cutting at a much higher speed than before can be performed. As it becomes larger, further consideration and countermeasures against chipping and breakage are important.
- the technical idea of designing a cemented carbide end mill in consideration of such conflicting advantages and disadvantages does not arise even when combined with other ones based on any of the above-described conventional techniques.
- the cutting amount of each knitted outer peripheral blade when slightly cutting using the cemented carbide end mill in the case of the nicked outer peripheral blade of the present invention is slightly different for each outer peripheral blade. Therefore, even when high-speed cutting is performed, the cutting force is dispersed, the cutting load is stabilized, and chatter vibration can be suppressed, so that the same effect as a cemented carbide end mill having a corrugated outer peripheral blade can be obtained.
- the dimension of the important part of the shape of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is such that the radius of roundness on the tool tip side of the nick is 0.01D to 0.03D, where D is the tool diameter of the cemented carbide end mill with nick.
- the round radius on the nick tool shank side is preferably 1.5 to 2 times the round radius on the nick tool tip side, and the nick depth is preferably 0.01D to 0.05D.
- the present invention presupposes a cemented carbide end mill having a corrugated outer peripheral blade or a nicked outer peripheral blade for high-speed cutting capable of achieving a larger amount of chip discharge per unit time than conventional.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention may have a novel gash shape in order to ensure good treatment of chips discharged from the bottom blade and strength near the end mill tip from the rotation center to the outer periphery of the end mill. desirable.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention deviates from a phase arranged at equal intervals by a value obtained by dividing the pitch of the limited phase by the number of blades.
- the shape of the gasche suitable for the end mill of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the gash provided on the bottom blade in the present invention is composed of a plurality of surfaces, the first gash surface 51 which is the scoop surface of the bottom blade, the second gash surface 52 on the rotation center side of the tool axis of the end mill, and the first gash surface on the outer peripheral side of the end mill.
- the angle formed between the intersecting portion 54 of the first gash surface 51 and the second gash surface 52 and a plane perpendicular to the axis is the first gash angle 55, the first gash surface 51 and the third gash surface
- the gash is configured so that the second gash angle 57 is larger than the first gash angle 55. It is.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention has a plurality of the outer peripheral blades, a bottom blade, and a gash made of a plurality of gash surfaces, and the plurality of gash surfaces are rake surfaces of the bottom blade.
- the angle formed by the plane perpendicular to the tool axis and the plane perpendicular to the tool axis is the first gash angle
- the angle formed between the intersection of the first and third gash surfaces and the plane perpendicular to the tool axis
- the first gash angle is set to 15 ° to 35 °
- the second gash angle is set to 40 ° to 60 °
- the length of the connecting portion between the second gash surface and the third gash surface is 5 times the tool diameter from the tool rotation axis. It is desirable to or more and less than 20%.
- cemented carbide end mill of the present invention when it is desired to achieve a larger amount of chip discharge per unit time than before, it is preferable to optimize the gash shape of the bottom blade as described above.
- a single cemented carbide end mill with a corrugated outer peripheral blade or a peripheral blade with a nick phase shift can be used for vertical feed, horizontal feed, or inclined cutting.
- the processing of chips discharged from the bottom blade during vertical feed or inclined cutting is good, and the gash part can withstand high-speed cutting during transverse feed or inclined cutting in terms of strength and minimize chatter vibration. be able to.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention has an outer peripheral blade shape having a deviation amount from the phase arranged at equal intervals by a value obtained by dividing the phase pitch by the number of blades, and from the rake face of the bottom blade to the outer peripheral blade.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is a tool that cuts structural steel, structural alloy steel, cold die steel, hot die steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, and superheat-resistant alloy as work target materials. This is a cemented carbide end mill.
- the shape of the cemented carbide end mill itself is novel and has a feature that enables high-speed cutting. Therefore, a hard coating is not necessarily required, but the life of the end mill is stabilized even at high speed cutting, and the life is further extended. Therefore, it is important to apply an optimal hard coating.
- the cemented carbide end mill with a hard coating according to the present invention has a novel shape as the above-mentioned end mill, and while proceeding with practical processing with a cemented carbide end mill mainly for rough machining, it is unique to high-speed cutting. It is an invention that can be made as a countermeasure by paying attention to the phenomenon that the oxidation and wear of the outer peripheral cutting edge are remarkably increased.
- the cemented carbide end mill with a hard coating has the shape of the above-described new wave-shaped outer peripheral blade or the outer peripheral blade with a nick, and the hard coating that can withstand high-speed cutting is at least the shape described above. It consists of being laminated on a distinctive outer peripheral blade.
- the hard coating in the present invention is also coated on the gash portion when the above-described gash is provided on the end mill.
- the discharge of chips at a high temperature during cutting can damage the cemented carbide, but the damage can be greatly reduced by the hard coating of the present invention.
- the corrugated outer peripheral blade is coated with a hard coating.
- the hard film in the present invention is structurally composed of the lowermost layer of the hard film and the uppermost layer of the hard film in contact with the outer peripheral blade surface side, or substantially the composition of the lowermost layer and the composition of the uppermost layer. It is composed of a composite layer laminated repeatedly, or a composite layer including at least one intermediate layer between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer, and the uppermost layer is relatively acid resistant compared to the lowermost layer. It is desirable to have high chemical resistance and wear resistance.
- substantially means that there are diffusion layers having respective compositions between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer, and there may be a slight shift in composition. If the thickness of the diffusion layer increases and the proportion of an element in the diffusion layer deviates by more than 50% from the composition of the lowermost layer or the uppermost layer, the concept of the diffusion layer will no longer exist, It corresponds to the definition of one form.
- the composition of the hard film is a metal element nitride, carbonitride, oxynitride, oxycarbonitride, and each hard film represented by the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer or the intermediate layer of the hard film is constituted.
- the cemented carbide end mill according to the present invention has a composition of the lowermost layer of the hard coating containing, as metal elements, Ti and Al as main components, and nitrides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, and acids of the metal elements. It is one of carbonitrides, and the composition of the uppermost layer of the hard coating contains Ti and Si as main components, and nitrides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, oxycarbonitrides of the metal elements It is desirable to consist of either of these.
- the composition of the lowermost layer of the hard coating is one or more nitrides selected from Al, Cr, Ti, and Si as the metal element, and the intermediate layer is made of Al, Cr.
- a compound of one or more metal elements selected from Ti, Si and one or more elements selected from N, B, C, O, and the uppermost layer of the hard coating is made of Ti, Si. It is desirable to be characterized by comprising a compound of one or more metal elements selected and one or more elements selected from N, S, C, and B.
- the lowermost hard coating and the uppermost hard coating have the composition of (TixAl1-xN).
- the ratio of Ti to Al is a multilayer hard film in which the lowermost hard film is titanium-rich 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and the uppermost hard film is aluminum-rich 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5. It is desirable.
- the present invention is a cemented carbide end mill characterized in that a tool holding part and a cutting edge part made of cemented carbide can be freely attached and detached.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention has the above-described novel gash shape and the shape of a corrugated outer peripheral blade or a nicked outer peripheral blade, and a hard film that can withstand high-speed cutting is at least as described above. Since it is laminated on the outer peripheral blade with features, a new cutting method with high efficiency can be implemented with only one end mill without changing tools regardless of the purpose of processing.
- the cutting method of the present invention includes a plurality of wave-shaped outer peripheral blades that repeat crests and valleys in the radial direction of the outer peripheral blade of the tool, and a plurality of nicks that sever chips in the radial direction of the outer peripheral blade of the tool.
- a plurality of outer peripheral blades selected from a plurality of outer peripheral blades, a bottom blade, and a gash made of a plurality of gash surfaces, and the outer peripheral blades are coated with a hard film, and the plurality of gash surfaces Has a first gash surface which is the rake face of the bottom blade, a second gash surface provided on the rotation center side of the tool axis of the end mill, and a third gash surface provided on the outer peripheral side of the end mill,
- the angle formed by the intersection of the first and second gash surfaces and the plane perpendicular to the tool axis is defined as the first gash angle, and the intersection of the first and third gash surfaces and the plane orthogonal to the tool axis.
- the first gash angle is set to 15 ° to 35 °
- the second gash angle is set to 40 ° to 60 °
- the length of the connecting portion between the second gash surface and the third gash surface is
- the outer peripheral blade is 5% or more and less than 20% of the tool diameter from the tool rotation axis.
- the outer peripheral blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the phase of the outer peripheral blade of at least one other blade is in the tool axis direction.
- the amount of deviation is 5% or less width not including 0% of the pitch from the respective phases of the reference shape outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the wave or nick pitch by the number of blades in the tool axis direction.
- This is a cutting method characterized in that at least two types of cutting selected from longitudinal feed cutting, lateral feed cutting, and inclined cutting are continuously performed using a cemented carbide end mill provided in a shifted manner.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention has a deviation from the phase of at least one other wave-shaped outer peripheral blade or nicked outer peripheral blade when a certain wave-shaped outer peripheral blade or a peripheral blade with a nick is used as a reference shape outer peripheral blade.
- the amount is a width of 5% or less not including 0% of the wave or nick pitch from the respective phases of the reference shape outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the wave or nick pitch by the number of blades, Desirably, the shift amount is arranged with a width of 1% to 3% of the wave or nick pitch, so that the cutting force is dispersed, the cutting load is stabilized, and chatter vibration can be suppressed.
- the cemented carbide end mill according to another invention of the present invention has a deviation amount from the phase of at least one other wavy outer peripheral blade or nicked outer peripheral blade when a certain outer peripheral blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade.
- the round radius at the tip end of the nick that is smaller than the round radius at the nick tool shank is provided, and the nick groove shape is connected to the round radius in a novel shape. Becomes higher. Therefore, stable processing is possible without causing defects or chipping. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a nicked cemented carbide end mill capable of performing high-efficiency roughing by high-speed cutting to high-efficiency medium-finishing and further capable of processing with a long life. Further, the above-described nick shape of the present invention improves the sharpness and reduces the streaks of the processed surface, so that a highly accurate processed surface can be realized on the workpiece.
- the tool holding part and the cutting edge part made of cemented carbide can be freely attached and detached according to the present invention, the shape of the corrugated outer peripheral blade or the outer peripheral blade with a nick, and the cutting of chips by a novel gash shape In the case where wear occurs in the cutting edge portion of the end mill while exhibiting the effect and the effect of improving chip discharge, it is possible to replace the cutting edge portion of the end mill and continue to use it.
- the end mill having the corrugated outer peripheral edge or nick according to the present invention can increase the rotational speed of the end mill according to the present invention to 1.5 times or more compared with the conventional end mill having no phase shift in the tool axis direction.
- stable high-efficiency machining can be achieved by coating the outer peripheral blade with a hard coating.
- the cemented carbide end mill coated with a hard coating has a new tool shape that prevents the occurrence of chipping and chipping accidents by suppressing chatter vibrations even when cutting at high speeds, and the cutting resistance is dispersed.
- the synergistic effect of the hard coating that prevents oxidation and wear associated with severe high-speed cutting can achieve high-speed and long-life machining by improving the characteristics of the total end mill.
- the cutting speed of the end mill of the present invention can be set to exceed a peripheral speed of 200 m / min.
- the effect is due to the synergistic effect of the novel shape of the end mill of the present invention and the effect of the hard coating.
- the shape of the outer peripheral blade and the gash covered with the hard coating may be the corrugated outer peripheral blade of the present invention or the outer peripheral blade with a nick, and in addition to these new outer peripheral blades, all the conditions satisfying the above-mentioned gash condition If the hard film is also coated on the gash portion, a cemented carbide end mill in which damage to the cemented carbide due to chip discharge is minimized is obtained.
- chipping and breakage of a cutting edge of a cemented carbide end mill which is expected to prolong the tool life compared to conventional high-speed tool steel but is a brittle material, has a high risk of fracture.
- a cemented carbide end mill with a hard coating that can be processed with a long life.
- the nicked cemented carbide end mill of the present invention has a shape in which the phase of the nicked outer peripheral edge is shifted, and can suppress chatter vibration during machining without causing chipping or chipping. Therefore, the present invention can provide a nicked cemented carbide end mill that can perform high-efficiency roughing or high-efficiency intermediate finishing with a feed rate of 1000 mm / min or more, and can perform long-life machining.
- cemented carbide end mills of the present invention those that optimize the shape of the gash within the scope of the present invention are compatible with various processes such as vertical feed, horizontal feed, and inclined cutting with a single end mill. It is possible to provide a cemented carbide end mill that can perform high-efficiency roughing by cutting to high-efficiency medium-finishing, and that can be processed with a longer life.
- any of the cemented carbide end mills of the present invention has a higher cutting speed during transverse feed cutting. High-efficiency machining with 1.5 times or more can be achieved. Furthermore, when the shape of the gasche is optimized, the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention can achieve high-efficiency machining with a feed rate of 1.5 times or more as compared with the conventional end mill during inclined cutting.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention can be manufactured in the same manner as a normal end mill because each blade is not unequal, and therefore the end mill can be easily manufactured at a reduced manufacturing cost.
- the shape of the blade groove of each blade is the same, chip discharge tends to be uniform, chip discharge performance is good, and it has the effect of enabling stable cutting tool life and high-speed cutting. can get.
- cemented carbide end mills of the present invention a wide range of structural steels, structural alloy steels, cold die steels, hot die steels, stainless steels, titanium alloys and superalloys, which are widely applied in the market. Enables high-efficiency machining on workpieces.
- the angle of inclination is at most about 5 °, and normal inclined cutting is generally performed at an inclination angle of about 3 °.
- the end mill of the present invention it is possible to process at an inclination angle of 20 ° or more, and it is not necessary to combine with a drill even when processing a concave shape such as a pocket. Disappear. That is, according to the cutting method using the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention, it is possible to perform inclined cutting such as drilling with high efficiency, and at the same time, the number of tool changes and setup times is reduced during pocket-shaped processing. This leads to shortening and shortens the machining time.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of a cemented carbide end mill showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a cross section of the outer peripheral blade AA ′ in FIG. 1, (a) shows an enlarged view of a corrugated outer peripheral blade, and (b) shows an enlarged view of the outer peripheral blade with a nick when a nicked outer peripheral blade is used. Show. It is an expanded view which shows the phase and pitch of the wave shape outer periphery blade of the conventional end mill without a phase shift. It is a development view showing the phase and pitch of the corrugated outer peripheral blade of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and one set of the corrugated outer peripheral blades among adjacent corrugated outer peripheral blades has no deviation from the phase arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the wave pitch by the number of blades. It is an expanded view which shows that there exists the said deviation
- one set of the nicked outer peripheral blades has no deviation amount from the phase arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the pitch of the nick by the number of blades, It is an expanded view which shows that there exists the said deviation
- the cutting resistance figure at the time of making the phase of the conventional end mill into equal intervals is shown.
- adopting unequal division for the conventional end mill is shown.
- FIG. 11 shows a tool with a deviation amount of 2% of the wave pitch, which is a desirable range of the present invention, from the respective phases of the reference shape outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by a value obtained by dividing the wave pitch of the present invention by the number of blades.
- the cutting resistance diagram cut with a cemented carbide end mill shifted in the axial direction is shown. It is an enlarged view of the bottom blade vicinity of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ that simply represents a gash shape cut by a plane parallel to the first gash surface.
- 1 is an overall overview of a nicked cemented carbide end mill showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the BB ′ cross section of the outer peripheral blade with a nick shown in FIG. 14 viewed along a cutting plane parallel to the twist angle of the end mill, and the connection between the bottom end of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side is a straight line.
- FIG. 15 it is the figure which made the connection of the bottom end of the nick groove which is another example of this invention, and the roundness by the side of a tool shank into the convex curve toward the nick groove.
- the connection between the bottom end of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side is a combination of a convex curve and a straight line toward the nick groove.
- a conventional nicked cemented carbide end mill in which the bottom end of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side have a concave curve toward the nick groove. It is a figure showing the nick shape described in patent document 3 which is a sharp edge shape with a connection of a nick and an outer peripheral blade part. In the nick shape of FIG. 19, it is a figure showing the nick shape described in patent document 4 which provided the roundness to this nick shape.
- the connection between the nick and the outer peripheral blade portion is a roundness smaller than the radius of the concave arc shape forming the nick groove, and the size of the roundness is described in Patent Document 4 in which the tool tip side and the tool shank side are the same.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating the nick shape described in Patent Document 4 in which the roundness radius of the tool shank side is larger than the round radius of the tool tip side in the nick shape of FIG. 21. It is an expanded view which shows the phase and the pitch of a nick of the outer peripheral blade of the cemented carbide end mill with a nick without the deviation from the conventional phase. It is an expanded view which shows the phase and the pitch of a nick of the outer peripheral blade of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram corresponding to an enlarged view of the outer peripheral blade AA ′ cross section of FIG. 1 in the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention coated with a hard coating, (a) shows an enlarged view of a corrugated outer peripheral blade; b) shows an enlarged view of the outer peripheral blade with nick when the outer peripheral blade with nick is used.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall view of an end mill in which a cutting edge part and a tool holding part can be attached and detached, showing an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the flowchart which compared the case where it engraves using the conventional end mill, and the case where it engraves by the example of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the layer structure of the hard film suitable for the hard film coating
- Hard coating suitable for the hard coating-coated end mill of the present invention comprising a composite layer that is laminated by repeating at least one repetition of the composition of the lowermost layer and the composition of the uppermost layer from the lowermost layer of the hard coating to the uppermost layer of the hard coating It is a figure which shows an example of this layer structure. It is a figure which shows an example of the layer structure of the hard film suitable for the hard film coating
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of an end mill showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which a cutting tool discharge D has a cutting edge 16 for cutting chips and an outer peripheral blade 1 having four blades on the outer peripheral side.
- the outer peripheral blade is provided with a wave-shaped outer peripheral blade from the tool tip side 2 toward the shank side 3. If the number of blades is two or more, the phase can be shifted, so the number of blades can be changed as necessary. For example, cutting of aluminum or the like has a lot of chip discharge, so the number of blades is about 2, and the chip pocket for chip discharge is set to be large, and cutting of high hardness material increases the number of blades to 8 Can handle high feeds.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the outer peripheral blade AA ′ cross section of FIG.
- FIG. 2A shows an enlarged view of a corrugated outer peripheral blade.
- the normal wave shape blade shape is a blade shape in which crest portions 6 and trough portions 7 having a wave height 5 are repeated for each wave pitch 4, and can be cut into fine pieces.
- FIG.2 (b) shows the enlarged view of the outer peripheral blade with a nick when it is set as the outer peripheral blade with a nick.
- the shape in which a groove having a nick depth of 9 is repeated at every nick pitch 8 which is the distance between the intersection 20 of the outer peripheral blade and the nick becomes a blade shape capable of dividing chips. There is an effect that cutting resistance can be suppressed by dividing the chips.
- FIG. 3 is a development view showing the phase and pitch of the corrugated outer peripheral blade of the conventional end mill without phase shift
- FIG. 4 is a development view showing the phase and pitch of the corrugated outer peripheral blade of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and one set of the corrugated peripheral blades among adjacent corrugated peripheral blades is shifted from the phase arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the wave pitch by the number of blades.
- FIG. 6 is a development view showing that there is no amount and the deviation amount is 15 per blade. In FIGS. 3 to 5, the positions of the wavy peaks are indicated by circles.
- the first wave-shaped outer peripheral blade shown at the top of the drawing is the reference-shaped outer peripheral blade 10, and the wave pitch 4 from the peak portion of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 to the next peak portion is 4.
- each phase 14 in other words, the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 is divided into four nicks from the intersection of the outer peripheral blade and the nick to the next outer peripheral blade and nick intersection).
- the wave-shaped outer peripheral blades are equally spaced so that the next wave-shaped outer peripheral blades 11, the third wave-shaped outer peripheral blades 12, and the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blades 13 are continuously provided at every 1/4 pitch). Are arranged respectively.
- the phase 14 of the crest of the corrugated outer peripheral blade is constant, and the cutting amount of the workpiece to be cut by the end mill is the same for each corrugated outer peripheral blade. If the cutting amount of the workpiece cut by each blade is the same, resonance occurs during machining and chatter vibration is likely to occur as in the equally divided end mill described in the prior art.
- the positions of the crests of the second wave-shaped outer peripheral blade 11 and the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade 13 arranged next to the reference-shaped outer peripheral blade 10 are
- the wave pitch 4 of the outer peripheral blade 10 is arranged so as to be shifted by a shift amount 15 in the tool axis direction from the phase 14 that is divided into four equal parts.
- shift amount 15 from the phase 14 of the waveform outer peripheral blades other than the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 is based on each phase 14 in which at least one blade divided the wave pitch 4 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 into four equal parts, It is arranged in the tool axis direction with a width in the range of 5% or less not including 0% of the wave pitch 4 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10.
- 14 is 0.02 mm which is 2% of the wave pitch 4 for the second wave-shaped outer peripheral blade 11, 0 mm for the third wave-shaped outer peripheral blade 12, and the wave pitch 4 for the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade 13.
- the amount of deviation 15 is positive on the shank side 3 and negative on the tool tip side 2.
- the position of the peak part of the 2nd wave shape outer periphery blade 11 arrange
- the third wave-shaped outer peripheral blade 12 and the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade 13 are arranged so that there is no deviation amount 15 from the phase 14.
- shift amount 15 from the phase 14 of the waveform outer peripheral blades other than the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 is based on each phase 14 in which at least one blade divided the wave pitch 4 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 into four equal parts, It is arranged in the tool axis direction with a width in the range of 5% or less not including 0% of the wave pitch 4 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10.
- at least one set of the corrugated outer peripheral blades among adjacent corrugated outer peripheral blades has no deviation from the phase, and the other sets of the corrugated peripheral blades. Even when the amount of deviation from the phase of the outer peripheral blades is not uniform, chatter vibration is suppressed and high-efficiency machining by high-speed cutting is possible.
- FIG. 9 shows a cutting resistance diagram in the case where the phase of the conventional end mill is equally spaced.
- FIG. 10 shows a cutting resistance diagram when unequal division is adopted in a conventional end mill.
- FIG. 11 shows a tool with a deviation amount of 2% of the wave pitch, which is a desirable range of the present invention, from the respective phases of the reference shape outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by a value obtained by dividing the wave pitch of the present invention by the number of blades.
- the cutting resistance diagram cut with a cemented carbide end mill shifted in the axial direction is shown.
- the workpiece is made of structural steel, and the end mill used for the measurement is made of a 4 flute cemented carbide with a tool diameter D of 8 mm.
- the amount of amplitude of the cutting resistance waveform was 251.9 N (Newton). This means that a cutting force is applied at a cycle obtained by multiplying the number of rotations at the time of cutting by the number of blades, and resonance occurs at a frequency of this cycle, which leads to chatter vibration. In particular, in high-speed cutting, resonance easily occurs and chatter vibration increases.
- the amplitude amount in the conventional end mill employing the unequal division shown in FIG. 10 was 151.9N.
- the amplitude amount in the example of the present invention in FIG. 11 was 146.1 N, and the amplitude of the cutting resistance waveform of the end mill employing the example of the present invention was the smallest.
- the present invention provides an end mill having a plurality of corrugated peripheral blades that repeat a crest and a trough in the radial direction of the outer peripheral blade of the tool.
- the amount of deviation of the phase of the corrugated outer peripheral blade of the blade in the tool axis direction is 0% of the wave pitch from the phase of each of the reference outer peripheral blades arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the wave pitch by the number of blades. If a cemented carbide end mill with a width of 5% or less not included and shifted in the tool axis direction is used, the amount of cutting of each outer peripheral edge is slightly different. Therefore, even if high speed cutting is performed, the cutting force is dispersed, the cutting load is stabilized, and chatter vibration can be suppressed.
- the amount of deviation of each phase is set to 5% or less not including 0% of the wave pitch because the amount of cutting of each outer peripheral blade greatly differs when the deviation amount exceeds 5%. This is because it concentrates on the largest outer peripheral edge and the load becomes larger, causing breakage of the tool and chipping of the corrugated outer peripheral edge, thereby shortening the life of the end mill as a whole.
- Patent Document 1 introduces an example of cutting with a high-speed tool end mill having a phase shift amount of about 6%.
- high-speed cutting is performed using an end mill whose base material is the cemented carbide targeted by the present invention at the same ratio as this deviation amount, the wavy peripheral blade with the largest deviation amount is chipped. Will be caused.
- the present invention is a cemented carbide end mill in which the phase of the optimum corrugated outer peripheral blade is shifted in order to perform cutting of high hardness materials and high efficiency machining that are commonplace in such processing sites. It is characterized by a phase shift amount that does not cause defects or chipping. The amount of phase shift is 5% or less. Preferably, it is desirable that at least one other wave-shaped outer peripheral blade is displaced in the tool axis direction with a width of 1% to 3% of the wave pitch from the phase of each of the reference-shaped outer peripheral blades.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention in which the phase of the corrugated outer peripheral edge is shifted, the material to be machined is structural steel, structural alloy steel, cold die steel, hot die steel, stainless steel, In titanium alloys and super heat-resistant alloys, chatter vibration is suppressed, chips are properly divided, stable high-speed rotation is possible, and tool life is extended.
- FIG. 6 to 8 are development views for comparing the phase of the nicked outer peripheral blade and the pitch of the nick of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention and the conventional end mill.
- FIG. 6 is a developed view showing the phase and nick pitch of the nicked outer peripheral blade of the conventional end mill without phase shift
- FIG. 7 shows the phase and nick pitch of the nicked outer peripheral blade of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 show an embodiment of the present invention, and one set of the peripheral blades with nicks among adjacent peripheral blades with nicks are arranged at equal intervals by the value obtained by dividing the pitch of the nick by the number of blades.
- FIG. 5 is a development view showing that there is no deviation amount from the phase and there is the deviation amount in one blade. 6 to 8, the position of the intersection of the outer peripheral blade and the nick is indicated by a circle.
- the outer peripheral blade with the first nick shown at the top of the drawing is used as the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10, and the next outer peripheral blade from the intersection 20 of the outer peripheral blade of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 and the nick.
- the next second nick is continuously added to each phase 14 (in other words, every quarter pitch of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10) obtained by dividing the pitch 8 of the nick, which is the distance to the intersection 20 of the nick and the quartile, into four equal parts.
- the outer peripheral blades, the outer peripheral blades 18 with the third nick, and the outer peripheral blades of the fourth outer peripheral blade 19 with the fourth nick and the nicked outer peripheral blades are arranged at equal intervals so that the intersection 20 of the nicks comes.
- the phase 14 between the outer peripheral blade of the nicked outer peripheral blade and the nick intersection 20 is constant, and the cutting amount of the workpiece to be cut by the end mill is the same for each nicked outer peripheral blade. If the cutting amount of the workpiece cut by each blade is the same, resonance occurs during machining and chatter vibration is likely to occur as in the equally divided end mill described in the prior art.
- the positions are arranged so as to be shifted from the phase 14 obtained by equally dividing the nick pitch 8 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 into four by a shift amount 15 in the tool axis direction.
- the amount of deviation 15 of the phase 14 between the outer peripheral blade 17 with the second nick and the outer peripheral blade 19 with the fourth nick is the phase 14 obtained by dividing at least one of the nick pitch 8 of the outer peripheral blade 10 into four equal parts.
- it is arranged in the tool axis direction with a width in the range of 5% or less not including 0% of the nick pitch 8 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a cemented carbide end mill according to the present invention.
- the phase shift amount 15 of the outer peripheral blade 17 with the second nick is 0.02 mm, which is 2% of the pitch 8 of the nick, is 0 mm with the outer peripheral blade 18 with the third nick, and is nicked with the outer peripheral blade 19 with the fourth nick.
- the displacement 15 is positive on the shank side 3 and negative on the tool tip side 2.
- the position of the intersection 20 of the outer peripheral blade and the nick of the outer peripheral blade 17 with the second nick that is disposed next to the reference outer peripheral blade 10 is the position of the nick of the reference outer peripheral blade 10.
- the amount of deviation 15 of the phase 14 of the outer peripheral blade with nick other than the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 is equal to each phase 14 in which at least one blade divides the pitch 8 of the nick of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 into four equal parts.
- the width of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 is arranged in the tool axis direction with a width of 5% or less not including 0% of the pitch 8 of the nick.
- only one blade of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention provided with the corrugated outer peripheral blade described above has a deviation amount 15, even when the number of blades is an odd number, the phase of only one blade is obtained.
- the chatter vibration can be suppressed and high-efficiency machining by high-speed cutting can be performed, and further, the machining can be performed with a longer life.
- the reason why the deviation 15 of the phase 14 of the cemented carbide end mill in the case of the knitted outer peripheral blade of the present invention is 5% or less not including 0% of the pitch 8 of the nick is that If it is larger than 5%, the cutting amount of each outer peripheral blade is greatly different, so the phase 14 is concentrated on the outer peripheral blade having the largest phase, the load is increased, and the tool breaks or chipping occurs on the outer peripheral blade with nick, This is because the life of the entire end mill is shortened.
- it is desirable that each of the reference-shaped outer peripheral edges is shifted in the tool axis direction by a width of 1% to 3% of the nick pitch 8.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention in which the phase of the outer peripheral blade with nick is shifted, the material to be machined is structural steel, structural alloy steel, cold die steel, hot die steel, stainless steel, In titanium alloys and super heat-resistant alloys, chatter vibration is suppressed, chips are properly divided, stable high-speed rotation is possible, and tool life is extended.
- FIG. 14 is an overall overview of a nicked cemented carbide end mill showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- the end mill of the present invention has a tool diameter D and the outer periphery of an end mill body having a plurality of outer peripheral blades 1 whose torsion angle of the tool outer peripheral blade is ⁇ , from the tool tip side 2 toward the shank side 3.
- the nicks 34 for dividing the chips are arranged at predetermined intervals.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of the BB ′ cross section of the nicked outer peripheral blade of FIG. 14 viewed along a cutting plane parallel to the torsion angle of the end mill, and shows the connection between the bottom end of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side. It is the figure made into the straight line.
- the BB ′ cross section is a cross section of the nick and the outer peripheral edge when viewed along a cutting plane parallel to the end mill torsion angle.
- FIGS. 18, 20 to 22 which show conventional examples, for convenience, arcs existing on the shank side and tool tip side of a tool of a nick (
- the radius of the roundness of the tool is referred to as the roundness radius R1 on the tip side of the tool, and the roundness radius R1 of the tool shank side is referred to as the rounding radius R2 on the tool shank side.
- 15 to 22 show the cross section of the end mill.
- the nick 34 is partially formed by a tool tip side round 35 having a circular arc with a radius R1 on the tool tip side and a circular arc having a round radius R2 on the tool shank side.
- the outer peripheral blade 1 and the nick groove 39 are connected by a round 36 on the tool shank side.
- the round radius R1 on the tool tip side of the nick 34 is smaller than the round radius R2 on the tool shank side of the nick.
- the nick groove has a nick groove bottom portion 37 which is concave, and the bottom end of the nick groove is a straight or convex curve with a round radius R2 on the tool shank side. It is good to be connected with 38.
- FIG. 15 which has already been representatively described is an example in which the connection between the bottom end of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side is a straight line.
- FIG. 16 is an example in which the connection between the bottom end of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side is connected by a convex curve toward the nick groove.
- FIG. 17 is an example in which the connection between the bottom end of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side is connected by a combination of a convex curve and a straight line toward the nick groove.
- phase shift amount which is another feature of the present invention, enables high-speed cutting.
- the nick shape is further optimized. Otherwise, chipping may occur, and the accuracy of the processed surface may deteriorate.
- the connection between the round 36 on the tool shank side and the bottom end 38 of the nick groove is convex toward the straight line 40 or the nick groove.
- the round radius R1 on the tool tip side of the nick 34 is preferably within the range of 0.01D to 0.03D (D represents the tool diameter). This is because within this range, the strength of the tool tip side 2 connected to the nick 34 and the outer peripheral blade 1 can be more sufficiently secured and chipping can be prevented. If the roundness radius R1 on the tool tip side is less than 0.01D, the strength is relatively weak, and chipping may occur when cutting. When the roundness radius R1 on the tool tip side exceeds 0.03D, the force that presses the machining surface toward the tool shank increases, and as a result, it becomes easy to leave a streak on the machining surface and affects the machining surface accuracy.
- the round radius R2 on the tool shank side of the nick 34 of the nicked cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2 times the tool diameter D.
- the nick 34 and the outer peripheral blade 1 are well connected, and the strength of the tool shank side 3 of the nick groove 39 can be sufficiently secured to prevent chipping, so that high-efficiency machining with high feed can be performed.
- the round radius R2 on the tool shank side of the nick 34 is less than 1.5 times the tool diameter D, the strength is insufficient.
- the round radius R2 on the tool shank side of the nick 4 exceeds twice the tool diameter D, the cutting resistance increases, so that any chipping tends to occur.
- the nick depth 9 is preferably in the range of 0.01D to 0.05D.
- a single blade feed amount cannot be increased. In that case, it is difficult for the nick 34 to work effectively.
- the single blade feed amount is larger than the nick depth 9, chips are connected and high feed becomes difficult.
- the single blade feed amount is smaller than the nick depth 9, high feed cannot be performed.
- the nick depth 9 exceeds 0.05D, the strength of the cutting edge becomes weak, and chipping may occur.
- the nick depth 9 within this range the chips are divided more satisfactorily, the cutting resistance is reduced, and high-efficiency machining is further ensured.
- the contour shape of the nick groove is typically three, but in the present invention, the round radius R1 on the tool tip side is the round radius on the tool shank side in any of the nicks 34.
- R1 on the tool tip side is the round radius on the tool shank side in any of the nicks 34.
- R2 is an essential condition, the values of the round radius R1 on the tool tip side and the round radius R2 on the tool shank side for each nick 34 need not be the same for all nicks 34.
- it is common to use a grindstone in the grinding process when forming the nick groove 39 it is convenient to grind with the same grindstone shape in the manufacture of a nicked cemented carbide end mill. I can say that.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 are inventions characterized by the nick shape, but the conventional examples 4 to 7 manufactured and evaluated based on the shape of these inventions have the effects described in Table B2 of the examples. As can be seen from the column, it was clarified that each has the following problems.
- the shape of the nick described in Patent Document 3 has a sharp edge shape such that the shape in which the nick 34 and the outer peripheral blade portion 1 are connected is illustrated in FIG. Although it is intended to secure strength by providing large flank angles at both ends of the nick, in high-efficiency machining, there is a big problem from chipping resistance.
- the conventional nick As shown in FIG. 19 showing the cross-sectional shape, if the edge portion 43 is sharp with a sharp edge, there is a high possibility of chipping, leaving a streak on the processed surface and sufficient processed surface roughness. There is a problem that it cannot be obtained. Further, Patent Document 3 describes that the sharp edge portion may be rounded (R). However, it is only an idea that the sharp edge portion may be rounded within a common sense range. As shown in FIG. 20, in which R1 and tool shank side roundness R2 are attached, the basic shape of the above idea of rounding remains similar to that of FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a nick shape described in Patent Document 4.
- the connection between the nick and the outer peripheral edge is rounded smaller than the radius of the concave arc shape forming the nick groove, and the size of the round is the same on the tool tip side and the tool shank side.
- FIG. 22 shows the nick shape shown in FIG. 21 in which the roundness is set such that the round radius on the tool shank side is larger than the round radius on the tool tip side.
- the object of the present invention made of cemented carbide with nick to achieve the machining efficiency (single blade feed amount, rotation speed) more than twice that of the conventional product while maintaining the surface roughness of the intermediate finish.
- What is important for the end mill is that it is not enough to just round the common sense.
- the shape where the nick 34 and the outer peripheral blade 1 are connected, including the relationship between the roundness of the tool tip side 2 and the tool shank side 3, is also included. It is important how the shape is formed and how it is connected to the nick groove 39.
- the nicked cemented carbide end mill of the present invention includes an optimum size of the round radius R1 on the tool tip side and a round radius R2 on the tool shank side, a round radius R1 on the tool tip side, and a round radius R2 on the tool shank side.
- the desirable shape of the nicked cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is such that the round on the tool shank side is continuously connected to the bottom end of the nick groove by a straight line or a convex curve toward the nick groove. It is a shape connected by a combination of curved lines. This shape greatly improves the strength of the nick.
- the bottom of the nick groove is a part of an arc, so that the roundness 35 on the tool tip side and the tool shank are
- the side round 36 is formed by a curve having an inflection point.
- Such a shape is relatively insufficient in the strength of the nick compared to the present invention, and as in the effect of the present invention, ensures the sharpness to obtain the surface finish of the intermediate finish, and the chipping resistance of the nick. It is hard to say that it is suitable for.
- the desirable shape of the nick 34 of the present invention which can be understood from the embodiments of the present invention, and the partial role of the shape are summarized as follows.
- the rounding radius R1 on the tool tip side is particularly necessary for ensuring sharpness and maintaining surface roughness while ensuring strength, and the range is 0.01D to 0.00 when the tool diameter is D. 05D is desirable. A more desirable range is 0.01D to 0.03D.
- the round radius R2 on the tool shank side should be 1.1 to 2.5 times the round radius R1 on the tool tip side, mainly for the purpose of ensuring the chipping resistance of the nick 34.
- a more desirable range of the round radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.5 to 2.0 times the round radius R1 on the tool tip side.
- the nick cross-sectional shape shown in FIGS. 23 to 25 is a shape continuously connected to the nick groove by a convex curve from the roundness on the tool shank side to the bottom end of the nick groove.
- FIG. 23 is a development view showing the phase and pitch of the nicked outer peripheral blade of the end mill without deviation from the conventional phase
- FIG. 24 is a development showing the phase and pitch of the nicked outer peripheral blade of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
- one set of the nicked outer peripheral blades is from a phase arranged at equal intervals by a value obtained by dividing the pitch of the nick by the number of blades. It is a development view showing that there is no deviation amount and that there is the deviation amount in one blade.
- or FIG. 25 the position of the intersection of an outer peripheral blade and a nick is shown by the circle.
- the outer peripheral blade with the first nick shown at the top of the drawing is used as the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10, and the next outer peripheral blade from the intersection 20 of the outer peripheral blade of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 and the nick is obtained.
- the nick pitch 8 up to the intersection 20 of the nicks are divided into four equal phases (in other words, every 1 ⁇ 4 pitch of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10), and the next peripheral blade 17 with the second nick is successively provided.
- the outer peripheral blades with nicks are arranged at equal intervals so that the intersections 20 of the outer peripheral blades of the outer peripheral blade 18 with the third nick and the outer peripheral blade 19 with the fourth nick and the nicks 20 come.
- the phase 14 between the outer peripheral blade of the nicked outer peripheral blade and the nick intersection 20 is constant, and the cutting amount of the workpiece to be cut by the end mill is the same for each nicked outer peripheral blade. If the cutting amount of the workpiece to be cut by each blade is the same, resonance occurs during cutting and chatter vibration is likely to occur as in the equally divided end mill described in the prior art.
- the positions are arranged so as to be shifted from the phase 14 obtained by equally dividing the nick pitch 8 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 into four by a shift amount 15 in the tool axis direction.
- the amount of deviation 15 from the phase 14 of the outer peripheral blade with the nick of the outer peripheral blade 17 with the second nick and the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick 19 is equal to the pitch 8 of the nick of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 at least by one blade.
- the width of the nick pitch 8 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 is arranged in the tool axis direction with a width in the range of 5% or less not including 0%.
- each of the nicked outer circumferences arranged at equal intervals by a value obtained by dividing the nick pitch 8 of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 by 1 mm and dividing by the number of four blades.
- the amount of deviation 15 from the blade phase 14 is 0.02 mm, which is 2% of the nick pitch 8 for the outer peripheral blade 17 with the second nick, 0 mm for the outer peripheral blade 18 with the third nick, and the outer peripheral blade 19 with the fourth nick.
- There is a deviation from the 0.02 mm phase which is 2% of Nick's pitch 8.
- the deviation amount 15 plus is the direction of the tool shank side 3 and minus is the direction of the tool tip side 2.
- the position of the intersection 20 of the outer peripheral blade and the nick of the outer peripheral blade 17 with the second nick disposed next to the reference outer peripheral blade 10 is the nick of the reference outer peripheral blade 10.
- the pitch 8 is divided into four equally divided phases 14 in the tool axis direction so as to be shifted by a shift amount 15 so that there is no shift amount from the phase of the adjacent third nicked outer peripheral blade 18 and fourth nicked outer peripheral blade 19. It is arranged.
- the amount of deviation 15 from the phase 14 of the knitted outer peripheral blade other than the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 is based on each phase 14 in which at least one blade divides the pitch 8 of the nick of the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 into four equal parts.
- the reference shape outer peripheral blade 10 is arranged in the tool axis direction with a width in the range of 5% or less not including 0% of the nick pitch 8.
- the amount of deviation 15 from the phase 14 from the reference shape outer peripheral blade is required in the specification of Patent Document 1 described above.
- chatter vibration is suppressed, high-efficiency machining by high-speed cutting is possible, and machining can be performed with a longer life.
- the outer peripheral blade as shown in FIG. 1 is a wave-shaped outer peripheral blade and a gash is provided on the bottom blade will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the bottom blade of FIG. 12 includes a first gash surface 51 that is a rake face of the bottom blade, a second gash surface 52 on the rotation center side of the end mill tool shaft, and an outer peripheral side of the end mill.
- a third gash surface 53 is provided.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of FIG. 13 simply showing a gash shape cut along a plane parallel to the first gash surface. Note that the hatched portion in FIG. 13 shows a cross section.
- the angle formed between the intersecting portion 54 of the first gash surface and the second gash surface and the plane orthogonal to the axis is set to the first gash angle 55, and the intersecting portion 56 and axis of the first and third gash surfaces.
- the angle formed by the orthogonal plane is the second gash angle 57
- the first gash angle 55 is 15 ° to 35 °
- the second gash angle 57 is 40 ° to 60 °.
- the length 58 of the connecting portion of the 3 gash surfaces is preferably 5% or more and less than 20% of the tool diameter D from the tool rotation axis.
- the length 58 of the connecting portion refers to the length to the connecting portion of the rotation axis center, the second gash surface 52 and the third gash surface 53.
- the embodiment in which the outer peripheral blade is a corrugated outer peripheral blade and the bottom blade is provided with a gash has been described, but the outer peripheral blade as shown in FIG. 14 and the like is a nicked outer peripheral blade. Even in cemented carbide end mills, it is better to optimize the gash shape of the bottom blade. Also in this case, the gash shape as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, that is, the gash is composed of a plurality of surfaces, the first gash surface that is the scoop surface of the bottom blade, and the second gash surface on the rotation center side of the tool axis of the end mill.
- the first gash surface 55 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the end mill as a third gash surface, and an angle formed between the intersecting portion 54 of the first gash surface and the second gash surface and a plane orthogonal to the axis is the first gash angle 55, and the first gash surface Assuming that the angle formed between the intersecting portion 56 of the third gash surface and the plane orthogonal to the tool axis is the second gash angle 57, the first gash angle 55 is 15 ° to 35 °, and the second gash angle 57 is 40 ° to It is preferable to configure the gasche so as to have a shape provided at 60 °.
- the rigidity in the vicinity of the tool rotation axis can be secured, and the chip discharge performance is improved.
- the first gash angle 55 is less than 15 °, the chip pocket near the center of the tool rotation axis is narrowed, so that chipping occurs and chipping occurs. Further, when the first gash angle 55 exceeds 35 °, a defect occurs due to insufficient rigidity near the center of the bottom blade.
- the length 58 of the connecting portion between the second gash surface 52 and the third gash surface 53 is set to 5% or more and less than 20% of the tool diameter from the tool rotation axis, thereby ensuring the rigidity of the bottom blade near the tool rotation axis.
- the discharge of chips into the outer circumferential groove is improved.
- the third gash surface 53 is provided closer to the vicinity of the tool rotation axis, The rigidity in the vicinity of the tool rotation axis of the bottom blade is reduced, and the chipping near the tool rotation axis of the bottom blade is likely to occur.
- the length 58 of the joint portion is 20% or more from the tool rotation axis, the time during which the chips generated by the bottom blade are pressed against the second gash surface 52 becomes longer, and in the case of high speed cutting, the second gash It stays on the surface 52 and the chip discharge property is deteriorated, and chip clogging is likely to occur, leading to chipping of the bottom blade.
- the second gash angle 57 was set to 40 ° to 60 ° as a result of examining the dischargeability of chips generated by the bottom blade during vertical feed cutting and inclined cutting.
- the second gash angle 57 is less than 40 °, the chips pressed against the second gash surface 52 are less likely to flow into the outer peripheral groove by the third gash surface 53 and are blown to the outside of the tool.
- the entire outside of the tool is the wall surface of the machining hole, and there is a wall surface that has been partially machined even in the inclined cutting, and it is difficult to discharge chips to the outside of the tool. Therefore, when the second gash angle 57 is less than 40 °, the chips discharged from the bottom blade have a poor flow to the outer peripheral groove, and chip jamming is likely to occur.
- the chip pocket for chip discharge becomes large, the chip generated by the bottom blade tends to flow into the outer peripheral groove, and chip discharge is a problem.
- the rigidity in the vicinity of the tool tip is weakened, the chipping is likely to occur.
- the first gash angle 55 and the second gash angle 57 are set in an optimum range, so that the chips generated by the bottom blade can be discharged when vertical feed cutting and inclined cutting are performed. It becomes. At this time, since the discharge of chips generated by the bottom blade is not affected by the shape of the outer peripheral blade, even when the outer peripheral blade is a corrugated outer peripheral blade, even when an end mill that is a nicked outer peripheral blade is used. A similar effect can be obtained.
- the blade type with a gash is a blade type that emphasizes chip discharge and end mill rigidity, and the chatter vibration can be suppressed with the wave shape and nicks of the outer peripheral blade as the optimal arrangement, so that there is no defect.
- Stable and highly efficient inclined cutting can be performed. In the case of a conventional end mill, the inclined cutting is performed at about 5 ° even if the inclination angle is large. However, in the case of the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention, the inclined cutting at 20 ° or more is possible.
- FIG. 27 shows an embodiment of the present invention and is an overall overview of an end mill in which a cutting edge portion and a tool holding portion can be attached and detached. Since the cutting edge 29 made of cemented carbide is made detachable from the tool holding part 30, when the cutting edge is worn by cutting, it is only necessary to replace the cutting edge 29. Cost can be reduced. Although the material of the tool holding part 30 may be the same cemented carbide as the cutting edge part 29, the manufacturing cost can be reduced by using alloy steel such as SCM440 or SKD61 as the material of the tool holding part 30.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a flowchart comparing the case of performing the conventional engraving process and the case of performing the engraving process according to the example of the present invention.
- the present invention has a novel shape as the shape of the end mill, it alone exhibits the effect of being able to increase the speed as compared with the conventional end mill, but the performance is further improved as shown in the examples by coating the hard film.
- a TiN-based film can be selected if the oxidation resistance is important, and a TiCN-based film can be selected if the wear resistance is important.
- the use environment of the end mill of the present invention is a condition where the cutting edge temperature rises to 800 ° C. or more. In this case, TiAlN having superior oxidation resistance and hardness characteristics evaluated at the oxidation start temperature than the above-described TiN and TiCN. It is recommended to select a hard coating of the system.
- FIG. 26 is a view corresponding to an enlarged view of a cross section of the outer peripheral blade AA ′ of FIG. 1 in the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention coated with a hard coating
- (a) is an enlarged view of a corrugated outer peripheral blade
- (B) shows the enlarged view of the outer peripheral blade with a nick when it is set as the outer peripheral blade with a nick.
- a hard coating 31 is coated on the wave-shaped outer peripheral blade shown in FIG.
- a hard coating 31 is coated on the outer peripheral blade with a nick shown in FIG.
- a TiN-based coating can be selected for emphasis on oxidation resistance
- a TiCN-based coating can be selected for emphasis on wear resistance.
- the use environment of the end mill of the present invention is a condition where the cutting edge temperature rises to 800 ° C. or more.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of a layer structure of a hard film suitable for the hard film-coated end mill of the present invention comprising the uppermost layer of the hard film and the lowermost layer of the hard film.
- the lower side in FIG. 29 is a base material 66, and the base material 66 is coated with a hard film composed of two layers, a lowermost layer 62 of the hard film and an uppermost layer 61 of the hard film.
- FIG. 30 shows the hard coat-coated end mill of the present invention which is composed of a composite layer which is laminated by repeating at least one repetition of the composition of the lowermost layer and the composition of the uppermost layer from the lowermost layer of the hard coat to the uppermost layer of the hard coat. It is a figure which shows an example of the layer structure of a suitable hard film.
- the lower side in FIG. 30 is a base material 66.
- the base material 66 has a lowermost layer 62 of a hard coating, a coating 64 having the same composition as the uppermost layer of the hard coating, a coating 63 having the same composition as the lowermost layer of the hard coating, and a hard coating.
- a hard film composed of four layers of the uppermost layer 31 is coated.
- the film 34 having the same composition as the uppermost layer of the hard film and the film 33 having the same composition as the lowermost layer of the hard film may be a composite layer that is alternately repeated a plurality of times.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an example of a layer structure of a hard film suitable for the hard film-coated end mill of the present invention comprising the uppermost layer of the hard film, the lowermost layer of the hard film, and the intermediate layer.
- the lower side in FIG. 31 is a base material 66, and the base material 66 is coated with a hard coating composed of a hard coating bottom layer 62, an intermediate layer 65, and a hard coating top layer 61.
- TiAlN-based hard coatings the oxidation start temperature can be controlled by the composition ratio of Ti and Al, and the additive ratio of Al is increased under conditions where the blade tip temperature is around 800 ° C. to 900 ° C. Therefore, it is desirable that Al is about 50 to 70% with respect to Ti.
- TiAlN-based means nitride, but as a nonmetallic element other than Ti or Al, regardless of nitrogen alone, nitride, carbonitride (for example, (TiAl) CN) as a compound mainly composed of Ti and Al Oxynitride (for example, (TiAl) ON) or oxycarbonitride (for example, (TiAl) CON) may be used.
- nitrogen-based TiAl compounds are collectively referred to as nitrogen-based TiAl compounds.
- the composition of the lowermost layer and the composition of the uppermost layer are substantially repeated one or more times from the lowermost layer of the hard film in contact with the surface of the knitted outer peripheral edge of the end mill to the uppermost layer of the hard film.
- a laminated composite layer, or a composite layer including one or more intermediate layers between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer, the composition of the lowermost layer of the coating contains Ti and Al as metal elements as main components, Metal element nitride, carbonitride, oxynitride, oxycarbonitride, and the composition of the uppermost layer of the coating covers a hard coating containing Si, enabling more stable cutting It becomes possible and a long life can be achieved.
- the compound contains Ti and Si as metal elements as main components, and preferably has a structure composed of any one of nitride, carbonitride, oxynitride, and oxycarbonitride of the metal element.
- the most suitable component system of the hard coating is TiSi nitride, and it is preferable to use a nitride composed of Si content of 5 to 30% and residual Ti. Also, the performance of the nicked cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is greatly improved even if the Si content is 1 to 15% by atomic ratio, TiAlSi nitride selected from residual Ti and / or Cr, Al, and AlCrSi nitride. Demonstrate the effect.
- a laminated film selected from TiSi nitride, TiAlSi nitride, and AlCrSi nitride exhibits more excellent durability. Even if these hard films are laminated with one or more kinds of films selected from films such as TiN, CrN, TiAlN, and AlCrN, the cutting performance of the nicked cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is improved.
- the method for producing a hard coating mentioned above as a specific composition is a physical vapor deposition method, and either an arc discharge ion plating method or a sputtering method may be used.
- This hard coating can also be applied to the outer peripheral edge of a nicked cemented carbide end mill.
- compositions are one or more nitrides in which the metal element is selected from Al, Cr, Ti, Si, and the intermediate layer is one or more metal elements selected from Al, Cr, Ti, Si and N, B, It is a compound with one or more elements selected from C and O, and the uppermost layer of the film is selected from one or more metal elements selected from Ti and Si and N, S, C, and B Desirable to be composed of a compound with one or more elements
- a film structure in which a nitrogen-based TiSi compound is laminated as the uppermost layer film on the above-described nitrogen-based TiAl compound or a nitrogen-based TiAl compound and a nitrogen-based TiSi compound are alternately laminated one by one to form a nitrogen-based film. It is desirable that the TiAl compound is located immediately above the end mill base material, and the uppermost layer of the hard coating is a nitrogen-based TiSi compound.
- nitrogen-based TiSi compound examples include Ti and Si as main components, for example, nitrides such as TiSiN, carbonitrides such as (TiSi) CN, oxynitrides such as (TiSi) ON, (TiSi) Any oxycarbonitride such as CON may be used.
- nitrogen-based TiSi compounds include Ti and Si as main components, for example, nitrides such as TiSiN, carbonitrides such as (TiSi) CN, oxynitrides such as (TiSi) ON, (TiSi) Any oxycarbonitride such as CON may be used.
- nitrogen-based TiSi compounds examples include Ti and Si as main components, for example, nitrides such as TiSiN, carbonitrides such as (TiSi) CN, oxynitrides such as (TiSi) ON, (TiSi) Any oxycarbonitride such as CON may be used.
- an intermediate layer mainly considering the adhesion of the mutual film between the nitrogen-based TiAl compound and the nitrogen-based TiSi compound.
- a film similar to a nitrogen-based TiAl compound or a film similar to a nitrogen-based TiSi compound is suitable, and the former is a nitrogen-based TiAl compound to which a small amount of B, Si, Cr, Nb, V, Hf is added, As the latter, a nitrogen-based TiSi compound to which a small amount of B, Al, Cr, Nb, V, and Hf is added is mentioned as a preferable intermediate layer film.
- the hard film used in the present invention is a composite layer laminated with the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer from directly above the base material surface of the outer peripheral blade, or one layer between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer. It is a composite layer including layers and intermediate layers that are alternately stacked as described above, and the uppermost layer can be a hard film having relatively higher oxidation resistance and wear resistance than the lowermost layer.
- the hard coating suitable for the nicked cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is a multilayer hard coating mainly composed of a nitrogen-based TiAl compound and is multilayered by changing the ratio of Ti and Al, which are main metal elements of the compound.
- the lowermost layer film and the uppermost layer film are composed of (TixAl1-xN), but the ratio of Ti to Al is
- the lowermost film is a titanium-rich multilayer hard film where 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1
- the uppermost film is an aluminum-rich multilayer hard film where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5.
- Multi-layer hard coatings are formed by periodically laminating the composition of the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer with a thickness of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers, or an intermediate layer between the composition of the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer in the previous period.
- a metal element of TiN or a nitrogen-based TiAl compound an intermediate layer in which a part of Al or Ti is replaced with Cr or Si may be laminated.
- the lowermost layer film be titanium-rich and the uppermost layer film be aluminum-rich.
- the thickness of the entire hard coating is preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m in any case.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, but it is necessary to consider the adhesion of the film to the nicked cemented carbide end mill and the consistency in the film from the bottom layer to the top layer. Don't be.
- a physical vapor deposition method such as an arc discharge ion plating method or a sputtering method in which the coating can be performed at a relatively low temperature and compressive stress remains in the coating.
- a bias voltage is applied to the nicked cemented carbide end mill.
- the lowermost layer is a nitrogen-based TiAl compound (for example, (TiAl) N, (TiAl) CN, (TiAlCr) N, etc.), and the uppermost layer is a nitrogen-based one.
- a TiSi compound for example, (TiSi) N, (TiSi) CN, (TiSiCr) N, etc.
- the temperature of the nicked cemented carbide end mill is about 400 ° C.
- reaction gas pressure is set to 3.0 Pa and the bias voltage is set to a relatively low value in the range of ⁇ 10 V to ⁇ 100 V, the adhesion is good while maintaining the crystal lattice consistency at the interface from the bottom layer to the top layer. A film is obtained.
- the deposition target is set to a different composition, but the target of the intermediate layer is preferably coated by simultaneously operating targets having different compositions. .
- the intermediate layer of the hard coating can be laminated while being controlled to an intermediate composition between the lowermost layer coating and the uppermost layer coating, and specific components can be gradually increased or decreased in composition. It becomes easy.
- the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention is premised on high-efficiency and high-speed machining in rough machining or semi-finishing machining, so a hard film with good adhesion is to prevent sudden accidents such as film peeling.
- This method is an indispensable characteristic, and this method is effective in order to obtain sufficient matching of the crystal lattice of the intermediate layer in order to achieve the purpose.
- Example 1 Example in which the optimum shape of the end mill outer peripheral edge of the present invention was confirmed (Example A 1 to Example 6).
- Example B Example for optimizing the shape of the nick according to the present invention (B Example 1 to B Example 2)
- Example C Example in which an optimum gash shape for the present invention was confirmed (Examples C to 1)
- D Example in which surface treatment optimal for the present invention was confirmed (D Example 1 to D Example 6)
- E Example Example in which the cutting method of the present invention was confirmed (E Example 1)
- the present invention the conventional example, and the comparative example are shown separately for each group of examples, and the sample number is within the range of the four groups of examples.
- the serial numbers are used. Therefore, the sample number is read as “A Invention Example 1” or “A Comparative Example 1” for each group shown in the table.
- a Example 1 is an example performed in order to confirm the amount of deviation from the optimum phase of the corrugated outer peripheral blade.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, the deviation amount from the phase of each wave shape outer peripheral blade obtained by dividing the wave pitch of the reference shape outer peripheral blade into four equal parts, A 1 mm wave pitch of 0.01 mm, a third wave shape outer peripheral edge of 0 mm of the wave pitch of 0 mm, and a fourth wave shape outer peripheral edge of 1 mm of the wave pitch of 0.01 mm were prepared.
- a The present invention example 2 is 0.02 mm in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, the amount of deviation of the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch of the second wave outer peripheral blade,
- the corrugated outer peripheral blade was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch, and the fourth corrugated peripheral blade was 0.02 mm with 2% of the wave pitch.
- a Inventive Example 3 is 0.02 mm in which the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade and the amount of deviation of the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch of the second wave-shaped outer peripheral blade.
- the wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.03 mm which was 3% of the wave pitch
- the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the wave pitch.
- a Inventive Example 4 is characterized in that the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, the phase shift amount of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.05 mm, and the second corrugated outer peripheral blade is 5% of the wave pitch.
- the wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.03 mm, which was 3% of the wave pitch, and the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.04 mm, which was 4% of the wave pitch.
- a Inventive Example 5 is 0.02 mm in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, the amount of deviation of the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch of the second wave outer peripheral blade, The wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch, and the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.06 mm
- the second wave outer peripheral blade is 6% of the wave pitch
- the third wave The outer peripheral edge of the shape was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch
- the fourth outer peripheral edge was 0.06 mm with 6% of the wave pitch.
- a Conventional example 1 was prepared with a constant phase of 0% of the wave pitch without any deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral edge for each quarter pitch of the reference outer peripheral edge.
- the amount of deviation from the phase introduced in Patent Document 1 is calculated as the same ratio, and the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is the first.
- the two-wave outer peripheral blade is 0.06 mm which is 6% of the wave pitch
- the third wave-shaped outer peripheral blade is 0 mm which is 0% of the wave pitch
- the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade is 0.02 mm which is 2% of the wave pitch.
- Cutting was performed using the nine types of end mills with hot die steel SKD61 having a hardness of HRC40 as a workpiece.
- Cutting conditions are 6000 rpm / min (cutting speed 150 m / min), feed rate 1600 mm / min (single feed rate 0.06 mm), axial depth of cut 4 mm, radial depth of cut 4 mm, life test. Went.
- the outer peripheral edge was observed every 5 m, cutting was performed up to 50 m, and no wear and chipping were observed, and the wear width at that time was measured. Further, when the outer peripheral edge was observed by 50 m and the chipping and chipping occurred, the cutting was finished at that point and the cutting length was recorded. The results are shown in Table A1.
- a Invention Examples 1 to 5 had small chatter vibration, stable cutting, and normal wear even after cutting 50 m.
- the inventive examples 1 to 3 and 5 had a small wear width of 0.10 mm or less after cutting 50 m.
- a comparative example 1 and A conventional example 3 have a large amount of deviation from the phase, so that a large cutting load is applied to the corrugated peripheral blade having a large deviation amount, resulting in chipping at 30 m.
- chatter vibration was large due to the equally spaced wave pitch, and a defect occurred when cutting 20 m, resulting in a lifetime.
- chipping occurred when the corrugated outer peripheral edge of the groove having a small division angle was cut by 40 m.
- a Example 2 As A Example 2, the same test as A Example 1 was performed with a peripheral blade with a nick. In order to compare the machinability of the sample with the corrugated outer peripheral blade, the amount of deviation from the phase was in accordance with the sample used in A Example 1.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation amount from the phase of each of the nicked outer peripheral blades obtained by dividing the pitch of the nick of the reference shape outer peripheral blade into four equal parts is 1mm of Nick's pitch is 0.01mm, the outer peripheral blade with third nick is 0mm with 0% of Nick's pitch, and the fourth outer blade with nick is 0.01mm with 1% of Nick's pitch Was made.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each outer blade with nick is 0.02 mm
- the second outer blade with nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the nick pitch.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each outer blade with nick is 0.02 mm
- the second outer blade with nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0.03 mm which was 3% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the deviation amount from the phase of each outer blade with nick is 0.05 mm with the second outer blade with nick being 5% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was made 0.03 mm which was 3% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was made with 0.04 mm which was 4% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each outer blade with a nick is 0.02 mm, where the second outer blade with a nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick,
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each outer blade with nick is 0.06 mm
- the second outer blade with nick is 6% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with 3 nicks was made 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of nick
- the outer peripheral blade with 4th nicks was made with 0.06 mm which was 6% of the pitch of nicks.
- a Phase in which unequal division is adopted as conventional example 5 the division angle of each blade is 95 °, 85 °, 95 °, and 85 °, and the wave pitch is 0% of the amount of deviation from the phase of each blade. was made constant.
- the amount of deviation from the phase introduced in Patent Document 1 is the same ratio and the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is attached with a second nick.
- the outer peripheral edge is 0.06 mm, which is 6% of the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral edge with the third nick is 0 mm, which is 0% of the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral edge with the fourth nick is 0.02 mm, which is 2% of the nick pitch.
- a Invention Examples 6 to 10 had small chatter vibration, stable cutting, and normal wear even after cutting 50 m.
- a Invention Examples 6 to 8 and 10 had a wear width after cutting of 50 m as small as 0.10 mm, as in A Example 1.
- the nicked outer peripheral edge is slightly worn compared to the corrugated outer peripheral edge, and the work piece such as hot die steel is corrugated. The result was an advantage in the shape of the outer peripheral edge.
- a comparative example 2 and A conventional example 6 have a large amount of deviation from the phase, so that a large cutting load was applied to the outer peripheral blade with a nick having a large deviation amount, and chipping occurred in A comparative example 2 and A conventional example 6 at 25 m. .
- a In Conventional Example 4 chatter vibration was large due to the pitch of the nicks at regular intervals, and a defect occurred when cutting 15 m, resulting in a lifetime.
- Example 3 In Example A, cutting was performed under the high-speed condition of the present invention, and the life was compared with Example A1.
- a Example 3 A Invention Example 11 is A Invention Example 2 used in A Example 1
- a Invention Example 12 is A Invention Example 3 used in A Example 1
- a Invention Example 13 is A An end mill having the same specifications as that of Example A 4 of the present invention used in Example 1 was produced.
- the workpiece was cut using hot die steel SKD61 having a hardness of HRC40 as the workpiece. Cutting conditions were set to 9000 revolutions / min (cutting speed 226 m / min), 1.5 times the speed of Example A, feeding speed 2160 mm / min (single blade feed amount 0.06 mm), and axial cut in 4 mm. The test was performed with a radial cut of 4 mm. The evaluation was the same as in Example A, and cutting was performed up to 50 m. The results are shown in Table A3.
- a Invention Examples 11 to 13 were able to perform stable cutting, normal wear even after 50 m cutting, and processing at the same cutting distance as A Example 1 was possible even after high speed cutting.
- the A invention examples 11 and 12 which are in the range of the amount of deviation from the desired phase had a wear width of 0.1 mm, which was smaller than the A invention example 13.
- a Example 4 As A Example 4, the grinding time at the time of manufacture was compared. For unevenly divided products, the grinding time is increased in order to adjust the dividing angle in blade groove grinding, and further, the number of parts to be ground for making the land width uniform is increased and the grinding time is increased. Here, the grinding time of the blade grooves with different grinding times was measured. A The grinding time of the grinding of the blade groove per one when the end mill of A example 1 of the present invention used in Example 1 and the A conventional example 2 adopting unequal division was measured. The results are shown in Table A4.
- the cutting angle of the cutting edge is adjusted by blade groove grinding, so that the grinding time increases, and further, the number of points to be ground for making the land width uniform increases and the grinding time increases.
- the grinding time was about 1.4 times longer than that of A Invention Example 1 by 4 minutes.
- Example 5 A In Example 5, a cutting test by groove cutting was performed in order to confirm the chip discharge.
- a Example 13 of the present invention has the same specifications as Example A of the present invention 1 used in A Example 1, A has the same specifications as Example A of the conventional example 1 used in A Example 1, and A Using the unequally divided end mill having the same specifications as in Conventional Example 2 used in Example 1, a feed limit test was performed using the workpiece as structural steel. Cutting conditions were 8000 rpm / min (cutting speed 200 m / min), feed rate 2000 mm / min (single blade feed 0.06 mm), and axial cut 8 mm. The evaluation recorded the place where it broke on the way while raising the feed rate of 400 mm / min every 1 m cutting.
- the unequally divided product of A Conventional Example 8 is processed by raising the feed by grooving, and the chips become larger, and if it is a small blade groove, clogging occurs, resulting in chipping or chipping.
- a Inventive Example 14 could be processed without problems up to a feed rate of 3200 mm / min, whereas A Conventional Example 7 had large vibrations and a defect occurred when the feed rate was 3200 mm / min.
- a The non-uniformly divided product of Conventional Example 8 was broken when the feed rate was 2800 mm / min. When the broken tool was observed, welds with scraped scraps were observed in the blade grooves with a small split angle, and breakage due to chip clogging was confirmed.
- a Example 6 used stainless steel SUS304 which is easily welded as a workpiece, and compared a corrugated peripheral blade with a different peripheral blade shape and a peripheral blade with a nick.
- a Invention Example 14 the same specification as A Invention Example 2 used in A Example 1, and A Invention Example 15 having the same specification as A Invention Example 7 used in Example 2 were used for cutting. went.
- Cutting conditions are 5000 rpm / min (cutting speed 125 m / min), feed rate is 1200 mm / min (single blade feed 0.06 mm), axial depth of cut is 4 mm and radial depth of cut is 1 mm. Went.
- the outer peripheral edge was observed every 5 m, and cutting was performed up to 30 m to determine that there was no defect and chipping, and the wear width at that time was measured. The results are shown in Table A6.
- a Invention Examples 15 and 16 were normal wear even after cutting 30 m, and it was proved that processing was possible even on workpieces such as stainless steel that are easily welded.
- the corrugated outer peripheral blade of A Invention Example 15 is 0.14 mm, and the outer peripheral blade with a nick is 0.13 mm, resulting in a slightly small wear width of Invention Example 16, so that stainless steel or the like is easily welded.
- the outer peripheral blade with a nick resulted in superiority.
- B Example 1 is an example performed in order to confirm the deviation
- B Invention Examples 1 and 2 B Comparative Example 1, B Conventional Examples 1 and 2, the base material is a cemented carbide with a Co content of 8 weight percent and a WC average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m, a tool diameter of 8 mm, The blade length was 16 mm, the twist angle was 45 °, the total length was 70 mm, the shank diameter was 8 mm, and the number of blades was four.
- the nick shape is 1 mm for the pitch of the nick, and 0.025D (0.2 mm in actual size) for the round radius R1 of the nick on the tool tip side.
- the round radius R2 of the nick on the tool shank side is 1.6 times (0.32 mm) of the radius R1
- the nick depth is 0.03 times (0.24 mm) of D
- the gash is formed on multiple surfaces.
- the first gash angle was 25 °
- the second gash angle was 50 °
- the specifications were unified.
- the bottom end of the nick groove and the round radius R2 on the tool shank side are connected by a straight line. All the samples used were coated with a hard coating as a component of TiAlSiN as an intermediate layer, TiAlN as the lowermost layer, and TiSiN as the uppermost layer.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the deviation amount from the phase of each nicked outer peripheral blade obtained by dividing the pitch of the nick of the reference shape outer peripheral blade into four equal parts is 1mm of Nick's pitch is 0.01mm
- the outer peripheral blade with third nick is 0mm with 0% of Nick's pitch
- the fourth outer blade with nick is 0.01mm with 1% of Nick's pitch Was made.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each outer blade with a nick is 0.02 mm, where the outer blade with a second nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick,
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the nick pitch.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the deviation from the phase of each outer blade with a nick is 0.02 mm
- the outer blade with a second nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0.03 mm which was 3% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each outer blade with nick is 0.05 mm with the second outer blade with nick being 5% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was made 0.03 mm which was 3% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was made with 0.04 mm which was 4% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each outer blade with a nick is 0.02 mm, where the second outer peripheral blade with a nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick,
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each outer blade with nick is 0.06 mm, where the second outer peripheral blade with nick is 6% of the pitch of the nick.
- the outer peripheral blade with 3 nicks was made 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of nick, and the outer peripheral blade with 4th nicks was made with 0.06 mm which was 6% of the pitch of nicks.
- Example 1 was prepared with a constant phase with 0% of the pitch of the nicks having no deviation from the phase of the outer peripheral blades with nicks for each quarter pitch of the reference shape outer peripheral blades.
- the amount of deviation from the phase introduced in Patent Document 1 is the same ratio
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each outer blade with nick is second nicked.
- the outer peripheral edge is 0.06 mm, which is 6% of the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral edge with the third nick is 0 mm, which is 0% of the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral edge with the fourth nick is 0.02 mm, which is 2% of the nick pitch.
- cutting was performed using hot die steel SKD61 having a hardness of HRC40 as a workpiece.
- the cutting speed is high even at 100 m / min, but is set to 150 m / min (rotation speed: 6000 rpm) that is 1.5 times, and the feed speed is 1600 mm / min (single blade feed amount 0.06 mm). It was.
- a life test was performed with an axial cut of 4 mm and a radial cut of 4 mm.
- the outer peripheral edge was observed every 5 m, and cutting was performed to 50 m to determine that no defect and chipping occurred, and the wear width at that time was measured. Further, when the outer peripheral edge was observed by 50 m and the chipping and chipping occurred, the cutting was finished at that point and the cutting length was recorded. The results are shown in Table B1.
- B Invention Examples 1 to 5 had small chatter vibration, could perform stable cutting, and were normal wear even after cutting 50 m.
- B Invention Examples 1 to 3 and 5 had a small wear width of 0.10 mm or less after cutting 50 m. Since B comparative example 1 and B conventional example 3 have a large amount of deviation from the phase, a large cutting load was applied to the outer peripheral blade with a nick having a large deviation amount, and B comparative example 1 and B conventional example 3 caused chipping at 25 m. .
- B In Conventional Example 1 chatter vibration was large due to the pitch of nicks at equal intervals, and a defect occurred when cutting 15 m, resulting in a lifetime.
- B Conventional Example 2 which is an unevenly divided product, caused chipping when the outer peripheral blade with a nick having a small dividing angle was cut by 35 m.
- B Example 2 is an example performed in order to confirm the optimal nick shape of the outer peripheral blade with nick.
- the base material is a cemented carbide having a Co content of 8 weight percent and a WC average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the blade length was 10 mm, the blade length was 20 mm, the helix angle was 45 °, the overall length was 90 mm, the shank diameter was 10 mm, and the number of blades was four.
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each of the nicked outer peripheral blades obtained by dividing the nick pitch of the reference shape outer peripheral blade into four equal parts is that the outer peripheral blade with the first nick is the reference outer peripheral blade, and the outer peripheral blade with the second nick is the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral blade with 3rd nick is 0mm which is 0% of the nick pitch and the outer peripheral blade with 4th nick is 0.02mm which is 2% of the nick pitch.
- All the samples used were coated with a hard coating as a component of TiAlSiN as an intermediate layer, TiAlN as the lowermost layer, and TiSiN as the uppermost layer.
- Nickel cemented end mill made of nick with round radius R1 on the tip of the tool, round radius R2 on the nick tool shank, nick depth varied, nick nick groove bottom end and tool shank side round
- the shape described in Patent Literature 3 and Patent Literature 4 was produced as the B conventional example.
- B Invention Examples 6, 7, 8 and 21 have a nick radius R1 on the tool tip side of 0.02D (actual size 0.2 mm, the same applies hereinafter), and a nick radius R2 on the tool shank side.
- a radius of 1.7 times (0.34 mm) of radius R1 a nick depth of 0.025 times (0.25 mm) of D, and the shape that connects the bottom edge of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side is changed It is.
- B Invention Examples 9 to 20 and 23 are obtained by connecting the bottom end of the nick groove and the round radius R2 on the tool shank side with a straight line, and B Invention Example 9 sets the round radius R1 of the nick on the tool tip side to 0. 01D (0.1 mm), the radius R2 of the nick on the tool shank side was 1.6 times (0.16 mm) of the radius R1, and the nick depth was 0.025 times (0.25 mm) of D.
- Example 10 of the present invention has a nick radius R1 on the tool tip side of 0.03D (0.3 mm), a nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.6 times (0.48 mm) the radius R1, and a nick depth.
- the thickness was 0.025 times D (0.25 mm).
- Example 11 of the present invention the nick radius R1 on the tool tip side is 0.02D (0.2 mm), the nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.5 times (0.3 mm) the radius R1, and the nick depth.
- the thickness was 0.025 times D (0.25 mm).
- Example 12 of the present invention the round radius R1 of the nick on the tool tip side is 0.02D (0.2 mm), the round radius R2 of the nick on the tool shank side is twice the radius R1 (0.4 mm), and the nick depth is It was set to 0.025 times (0.25 mm) of D.
- Example 13 of the present invention has a nick radius R1 on the tool tip side of 0.02D (0.2 mm), a nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.7 times (0.34 mm) the radius R1, and a nick depth
- the thickness was set to 0.01 times (0.1 mm) of D.
- Example 14 of the present invention has a nick radius R1 on the tool tip side of 0.02D (0.2 mm), a nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.7 times (0.34 mm) the radius R1, and a nick depth
- the thickness was set to 0.05 times (0.5 mm) of D.
- Example 15 of the present invention has a nick radius R1 on the tool tip side of 0.007D (0.07 mm), a nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.7 times (0.12 mm) the radius R1, and a nick depth The thickness was 0.025 times D (0.25 mm).
- Example 16 of the present invention the nick radius R1 on the tool tip side is 0.033D (0.33 mm), the nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.6 times (0.52 mm) the radius R1, and the nick depth The thickness was 0.025 times D (0.25 mm).
- Example 17 of the present invention has a nick radius R1 on the tool tip side of 0.02D (0.2 mm), a nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.3 times the radius R1 (0.26 mm), and a nick depth.
- the thickness was 0.025 times D (0.25 mm).
- Example 18 of the present invention the nick radius R1 on the tool tip side is 0.02D (0.2 mm), the nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 2.5 times (0.5 mm) the radius R1, and the nick depth.
- the thickness was 0.025 times D (0.25 mm).
- Example 19 of the present invention the round radius R1 of the nick on the tool tip side is 0.02D (0.2 mm), the round radius R2 of the nick on the tool shank side is 1.7 times (0.34 mm) the radius R1, and the nick depth The thickness was 0.008 times (0.08 mm) of D.
- Inventive Example 20 has a nick radius R1 on the tool tip side of 0.02D (0.2 mm), a nick radius R2 on the tool shank side 1.7 times (0.34 mm) the radius R1, and a nick depth.
- the thickness was set to 0.07 times (0.7 mm) of D.
- Example 21 of the present invention has a nick radius R1 on the tool tip side of 0.02D (0.2 mm), a nick radius R2 on the tool shank side is 1.7 times (0.34 mm) the radius R1, and a nick depth
- the thickness was 0.025 times (0.25 mm) of D, and a gash was formed from a plurality of surfaces, and the first gash angle was 20 ° and the second gash angle was 45 °.
- Example 22 of the present invention is one in which the bottom end of the nick groove and the round radius R2 on the tool shank side are connected by a concave arc, and the round radius R1 of the nick on the tip side of the tool is set to 0.01D (0.1 mm),
- the round radius R2 of the nick on the tool shank side was 1.3 times (0.13 mm) of the radius R1, and the nick depth was 0.025 times (0.25 mm) of D.
- Comparative Example 2 was produced with the same specifications as Example 6 of the present invention except that the round radius R2 on the tool shank side was the same as the round radius R1 on the tool tip side and was 0.025 times (0.25 mm) D. .
- the round radius R1 on the tool tip side is 0.034 times (0.34 mm) of D
- the round radius R2 on the tool shank side is 0.2 mm
- the radius is smaller than the round radius R1 on the tool tip side.
- the same specifications as in Example 6 of the present invention were produced.
- Example 4 is a nick shape described in Patent Document 3 having an edge shape in which the connection between the nick and the outer peripheral blade is sharp, and the shape is shown in FIG. It was produced as the same specification as Example 6 of the present invention except that the tool tip side and the tool shank side of Nick were not rounded.
- Example 5 is a nick shape described in Patent Document 3 that the nick shape in FIG. 19 may be rounded.
- the shape is shown in FIG. Conventional Example 4 except that the round radius R1 on the tool tip side of Nick is set to 0.005 times (0.05 mm) of D, and the radius R2 of the tool shank side is set to 1 time (0.05 mm) of radius R1. And the same specifications.
- B Conventional Example 6 is a patent document 4 in which the connection between the nick and the outer peripheral blade is a round smaller than the radius of the concave arc shape forming the nick groove, and the size of the round is the same on the tool tip side and the tool shank side.
- the nick shape described in 1. The shape is shown in FIG.
- the connection between the nick and the outer peripheral edge is a concave arc
- the radius R1 on the tool tip side of Nick is 0.02 times (0.2 mm) of D
- the radius R2 on the tool shank side is set to the radius R1 on the tool tip side. It was produced as the same specification as B Invention Example 6 except that it was provided in the same manner.
- B Conventional Example 7 has a conventional nicked cemented carbide end mill shape in which the connection between the bottom end of the nick groove and the roundness on the tool shank side is a concave arc curve toward the nick groove. It was produced as the same specification as B Invention Example 6 except that the tool tip side and tool shank side of Nick were not rounded.
- the nick shape is “linearly connected” and is a straight line connecting the bottom end of the nick groove and the round radius R2 on the tool shank
- “convex curve” is a curve that is convex toward the nick groove.
- the tool shank side round radius R2 is connected to the bottom end of the nick groove.
- “Line + convex curve” is a combination of a straight line and a convex curve toward the nick groove, and the round radius R2 on the tool shank side.
- concave arc as a conventional example is a figure in which the radius R2 on the nick tool shank side and the bottom end of the nick groove are connected by a concave arc or concave curve 18 is exemplified.
- the cutting test conditions were the same for all samples.
- the work material is a stainless steel SUS304 block material.
- the rotation speed of the nicked cemented carbide end mill is 4000 rpm / min (cutting speed 120 m / min), the axial depth of cut is 10 mm, and the radial depth of cut is 4 mm.
- the liquid used was a water-soluble cutting fluid.
- the average feed rate when the average surface roughness is ensured is around 500 mm / min. Therefore, in order to evaluate the machining efficiency of the present invention, the feed rate is 500 mm.
- the feed rate was gradually increased from / min (single blade feed amount 0.03 mm / min) to find the limit of the feed rate. Therefore, if the feed rate is 1000 mm / min or higher and there is no problem of chipping or deterioration of the machined surface roughness, it can be said that the objective of high-efficiency machining, in which the machining efficiency is at least twice that of the conventional one, has been achieved.
- cutting was stopped when a defect such as chipping occurred or when the average surface roughness Ra of the work surface of the work material reached 4 ⁇ m or more, and the feed rate at that time was set to the limit feed rate (mm / min).
- B Conventional Example 5 is a case where the nick shape of B Conventional Example 4 is rounded on the tool tip side and the tool shank side, and chipping occurred when machining at a feed rate of 700 mm / min.
- B In Conventional Example 6 chipping occurred on the nick tool shank side when machining at a feed rate of 800 mm / min. This is because the round radius R2 on the tool shank side of Nick is the same as the round radius R1 at the tip of the tool, and the strength is weaker, and the connection between Nick and the outer peripheral blade becomes concave, resulting in further insufficient strength And indicates that chipping has occurred.
- C Example 1 is an example of a cemented carbide end mill having the second and third gash surfaces according to the present invention, which was carried out in order to confirm the optimum shape of the gash. Also, a conventional cemented carbide end mill without a third gash surface, a cemented carbide end mill described in Patent Document 5, a gash notch angle, and a cemented carbide described in Patent Document 6. A comparison was made with a gash angle on the outer peripheral side, which is a made end mill, which is larger than a gash angle on the rotation center side.
- the base material is a cemented carbide with a Co content of 8 weight percent and a WC average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the number of blades was 4 with 8 mm, blade length 16 mm, overall length 70 mm, shank diameter 8 mm.
- the shape of the outer peripheral edge was a wave edge, the wave pitch was 1 mm, the twist angle was 45 °, and all the samples used were coated with a hard coating containing Si in a (TiAl) N system.
- the outer peripheral blade is a corrugated outer peripheral blade
- the first blade is a reference outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch. 0.02 mm
- the third wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0 mm, which was 0% of the wave pitch
- the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.02 mm, which was 2% of the wave pitch.
- the second gash angle is 50 °
- the length 58 of the connecting portion between the second gash surface and the third gash surface is 9% of the tool diameter from the tool rotation axis.
- the first gash angle was 15 °, 20 °, 25 °, 30 °, 35 ° in C Invention Examples 1 to 5, and 10 ° and 40 ° in C Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the first gash angle is 25 °
- the length 58 of the connecting portion between the second and third gash surfaces is 9% of the tool diameter from the tool rotation axis.
- the second gash angle was 40 °, 45 °, 55 °, 60 ° in C Invention Examples 6 to 9, and 35 °, 65 ° in C Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
- the first gash angle is 25 °
- the second gash angle is 50 °
- the length 58 of the connecting portion between the second and third gash surfaces is: C
- the tool diameter was set to 5%, 10%, and 15% from the tool rotation axis
- the tool diameter was set to 0% and 3% from the tool rotation axis.
- the first gash angle is 25 ° and there is no third gash surface
- the second gash surface and the third gash surface have the same specifications as those described in Patent Document 6.
- the length 58 of the connecting portion is 1.6 mm, which is 20% of the tool diameter from the tool rotation axis
- the first gash angle is 25 °
- the second gash angle is 50 °.
- the length 58 of the connecting portion between the second and third gash surfaces which is the same as that shown in FIG. 1 of FIG. 5, is 1.76 mm, which is 23.5% of the tool diameter from the tool rotation axis.
- a product having a first gash angle of 25 ° and a second gash angle of 50 ° was produced.
- Example 1 a concave shape having a width of 50 mm, a length of 50 mm, and a depth of 24 mm was processed with the 21 types of end mills using pre-hardened steel having a hardness of HRC40 as a workpiece. The test was performed by tilting cutting to a depth of 8 mm, then unwinding by lateral feed, cutting to a width of 50 mm and a length of 50 mm three times, and comparing to a depth of 24 mm.
- the cutting speed is high even at 100 m / min, but the cutting conditions are 6000 rpm / min (cutting speed 150 m / min) and feed rate 1920 mm / min (1 blade)
- the feed amount was 0.08 mm
- the axial cut was 8 mm
- the radial cut was 2 mm
- the feed rate during tilt cutting was 1200 mm / min
- the tilt angle was 10 °.
- C Invention Examples 1 to 12 had no chip clogging, and stable machining was possible for both inclined cutting and lateral feed.
- the C conventional example 1 does not have the third gash surface, the chip pocket of the bottom blade is narrow and clogging occurs, and breakage occurs during the inclined cutting immediately after the start of processing.
- CConventional examples 2 and 3 were able to machine one concave shape, but the length 58 of the connecting part between the second and third gash surfaces was long, and chippings caused large chipping from the vicinity of the tool rotation axis of the bottom blade. Was.
- C Example 2 is an example in which the amount of deviation from the optimum phase was studied.
- C Invention Examples 13 to 17, C Conventional Examples 4 to 7, and C Comparative Example 7 have a first gash angle of 25 °, a second gash angle of 50 °, and the length 58 of the connecting portion from the center from the tool rotation axis. The specifications were unified as 0.72 mm, 9% of the tool diameter.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.01 mm with the second corrugated outer peripheral blade being 1% of the wave pitch.
- a three-wave outer peripheral blade of 0.01 mm with 1% of the wave pitch and a fourth wave outer peripheral blade of 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch were prepared.
- Example 14 of the present invention the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.02 mm, where the second corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch.
- a three-wave outer peripheral blade was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the wave pitch, and a fourth wave outer peripheral blade was 0 mm which was 0% of the wave pitch.
- Example 15 of the present invention the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.02 mm, where the second corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch.
- a three-wave outer peripheral blade was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the wave pitch, and a fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.03 mm which was 3% of the wave pitch.
- Example 16 of the present invention is 0.05 mm in which the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each wave-shaped outer peripheral blade is 0.05 mm with the second wave-shaped outer peripheral blade being 5% of the wave pitch.
- the three-wave outer peripheral blade was 0.04 mm, which was 4% of the wave pitch, and the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.03 mm, which was 3% of the wave pitch.
- Example 17 of the present invention is 0.02 mm, in which the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.02 mm, where the second corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch.
- the three-wave shape outer peripheral blade was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch
- the fourth wave shape outer peripheral blade was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch.
- C Conventional example 6 is 0.06 mm, in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 6% of the wave pitch of the second wave outer peripheral blade.
- the wavy outer peripheral blade was 0.02 mm, which was 2% of the wave pitch, and the fourth wavy outer peripheral blade was 0 mm, which was 0% of the wave pitch.
- Example 7 is 0.06 mm, in which the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 6% of the wave pitch of the second wave-shaped outer peripheral blade.
- the wavy outer peripheral blade was 0.02 mm, which was 2% of the wave pitch, and the fourth wavy outer peripheral blade was 0 mm, which was 0% of the wave pitch.
- C Comparative Example 7 is 0.06 mm in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 6% of the wave pitch of the second wave outer peripheral blade.
- the corrugated outer peripheral blade was 0.06 mm, which was 6% of the wave pitch
- the fourth corrugated outer peripheral blade was 0 mm, which was 0% of the wave pitch.
- the base material is a cemented carbide having a Co content of 8 weight percent and a WC average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the base material was high speed tool steel. The specifications were that all end mills had a tool diameter of 8 mm, a blade length of 16 mm, a total length of 70 mm, a shank diameter of 8 mm, and four blades.
- the shape of the outer peripheral edge was a wave edge, the wave pitch was 1 mm, the twist angle was 45 °, and all the samples used were coated with a hard coating containing Si in a (TiAl) N system.
- C Invention Examples 13 to 17 could be processed stably, and one concave shape could be processed. Particularly when the deviation from the phase was 1 to 3%, the wear width was a small value of 0.1 mm or less.
- C Example 3 is an example in which a feed limit test with the conventional example was performed.
- C Example 18 of the present invention has the same specifications as C Example 3 of the C Example 1
- C has the same specifications as Example 3 of the C Conventional example 8 of the C example 1
- C Using the end mill of an unequal division product having the same specifications as C conventional example 5 used in Example 2, a feed limit test was performed using the workpiece as structural steel.
- the base material was a cemented carbide with a Co content of 8 weight percent and a WC average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the tool diameter was 8 mm
- the blade length was 16 mm
- the overall length was 70 mm
- the shank diameter was 8 mm
- the number of blades was four.
- the shape of the outer peripheral edge was a wave edge
- the wave pitch was 1 mm
- the twist angle was 45 °
- all the samples used were coated with a hard coating containing Si in a (TiAl) N system.
- Cutting conditions were 8000 rpm / min (cutting speed 200 m / min), feed rate 2800 mm / min (single blade feed 0.09 mm), and axial cut 4 mm.
- C Inventive Example 18 could be processed without problems up to a feed rate of 4200 mm / min, whereas C Conventional Example 8 was defective when the feed rate was 2800 mm / min, and C Conventional Example 9 was a feed rate of 3150 mm / min. Sometimes broken.
- the end mill to which the present invention was applied could be processed at a feed rate of 1.5 times or more than the conventional end mill.
- C Example 4 is an example in which the amount of deviation from the optimum phase was examined with a nicked outer peripheral blade.
- C Invention Examples 19 to 23 C Conventional Examples 10 to 13 and C Comparative Example 8 have a first gash angle of 25 °, a second gash angle of 50 °, and the length of the connecting portion from the center from the tool rotation axis to the tool The specification was unified as 0.72 mm, which is 9% of the diameter.
- Example 20 is 0.02 mm in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each nicked outer peripheral blade is 2% of the pitch of the nick.
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0.02 mm, which was 2% of the pitch of the nick, and the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0 mm, which was 0% of the pitch of the nick.
- Example 21 is 0.02 mm in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation amount from the phase of each nicked outer peripheral blade is 2% of the pitch of the nick.
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the pitch of the nick, and the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0.03 mm which was 3% of the pitch of the nick.
- C Invention Example 23 is 0.02 mm, in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each nicked outer peripheral blade is 2% of the pitch of the nick.
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0 mm with 0% of the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0 mm with 0% of the nick pitch.
- C Conventional Example 10 was manufactured without any deviation from the phase.
- C Conventional Example 11 was produced in which there was no deviation from the phase, but the division angles of each cutting edge were 85 °, 95 °, 85 °, and 95 °, and the division was uneven.
- Example 12 is a 0.06 mm, in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each nicked outer peripheral blade is 6% of the pitch of the nick.
- the outer peripheral blade with 3 nicks was 0.02 mm, which was 2% of the nick pitch, and the outer peripheral blade with 4 nicks was 0 mm, which was 0% of the nick pitch.
- Example 13 uses a first blade as a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each nicked outer peripheral blade is 0.06 mm, where the second nicked outer peripheral blade is 6% of the nick pitch.
- the outer peripheral blade with 3 nicks was 0.02 mm, which was 2% of the nick pitch, and the outer peripheral blade with 4 nicks was 0 mm, which was 0% of the nick pitch.
- C Comparative Example 8 is 0.06 mm in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade and the deviation amount from the phase of each nicked outer peripheral blade is 6% of the nick pitch.
- the outer peripheral blade with 3 nicks was 0.06 mm, which was 6% of the nick pitch, and the outer peripheral blade with 4 nicks was 0 mm, which was 0% of the nick pitch.
- the base material is a cemented carbide having a Co content of 8 weight percent and a WC average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the base material was high speed tool steel. The specifications were that all end mills had a tool diameter of 8 mm, a blade length of 16 mm, a total length of 70 mm, a shank diameter of 8 mm, and four blades.
- the shape of the outer peripheral blade was a nicked outer peripheral blade, the pitch of the nick was 1 mm, the torsion angle was 45 °, and all the samples used were coated with a hard coating containing Si in (TiAl) N system.
- C Invention Examples 19 to 23 could be processed stably, and one concave shape could be processed. Particularly when the deviation from the phase was 1 to 3%, the wear width was a small value of 0.1 mm or less.
- the conventional C example 10 has an optimal gash shape, chatter vibrations occurred during lateral feeding, and the bottom blade was missing after processing one concave outer peripheral shape.
- chatter vibration could be suppressed due to unequal division and one concave shape could be machined, but chips generated by the bottom blade during inclined cutting accumulated in a small outer peripheral groove and chipping occurred. .
- the present invention, the conventional example, and the comparative example are shown as classifications, and the sample numbers are described by consecutive serial numbers for each of the present invention example, the conventional example, and the comparative example.
- Table D1, Table D2, and Table D3 to be described later regarding the composition formula display of the hard film constituting the lowermost layer, the uppermost layer, and the intermediate layer, the parenthesis is atomic% display, and the parenthesis is atomic ratio display.
- the composition formula display of the hard film constituting the lowermost layer of material number 1 in Table D1 described later is (Ti45-Al55) N. This display means that a TiAl element of (Ti 45 atomic% -Al 55 atomic%) and an N element outside the parenthesis form a composition having a atomic ratio of 1: 1.
- D Example 1 is an end mill coated with various surface treatments, and is an example performed in order to confirm the amount of deviation from the optimum phase of the corrugated outer peripheral blade.
- the base material is a cemented carbide with a Co content of 8 weight percent and a WC average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the tool diameter was 8 mm
- the blade length was 16 mm
- the overall length was 70 mm
- the shank diameter was 8 mm
- the number of blades was four.
- the shape of the outer peripheral edge was a wave edge
- the wave pitch was 1 mm
- the helix angle was 45 °, and it was used for the cutting test.
- Example 4 is an end mill made of high-speed tool steel, with a tool diameter of 8 mm, a blade length of 16 mm, a total length of 70 mm, a shank diameter of 8 mm, a number of blades of 4 pieces, a peripheral blade shape of a wave blade shape, and a wave pitch of 1 mm.
- the twist angle was 45 ° and was used for the cutting test.
- D Inventive Examples 1 to 5, D Comparative Example 1 and D Conventional Examples 1 to 4 are basically arranged with different types of surface treatments in order to confirm the effect of the shape of the wave-shaped outer peripheral edge of the end mill. Except for using TiAlSiN as the intermediate layer in Invention Example 4, the lowermost layer of the hard coating was unified with TiAlN and the uppermost layer was unified with TiSiN. All surface treatments were made into composite layers by arc discharge ion plating. Moreover, D comparative example 2 did not perform surface treatment.
- Example 1 of the present invention uses the first blade as a reference shape outer peripheral blade, the amount of deviation from the phase of each wave shape outer peripheral blade obtained by dividing the wave pitch of the reference shape outer peripheral blade into four equal parts, A 1 mm wave pitch of 0.01 mm, a third wave shape outer peripheral edge of 0 mm of the wave pitch of 0 mm, and a fourth wave shape outer peripheral edge of 1 mm of the wave pitch of 0.01 mm were prepared.
- the present invention example 2 is 0.02 mm in which the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade and the deviation amount from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch of the second wave outer peripheral blade.
- a three-wave outer peripheral blade of 0 mm with a wave pitch of 0% and a fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade of 0.02 mm with a wave pitch of 2% were prepared.
- Example 3 of the present invention is that the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.02 mm, where the second wave-shaped outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch.
- the three-wave shape outer peripheral blade was 0.03 mm, which was 3% of the wave pitch, and the fourth wave shape outer peripheral blade was 0.02 mm, which was 2% of the wave pitch.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.05 mm with the second corrugated outer peripheral blade being 5% of the wave pitch.
- the three-wave outer peripheral blade was 0.03 mm, which was 3% of the wave pitch, and the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.04 mm, which was 4% of the wave pitch.
- the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade
- the deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.02 mm
- the second corrugated outer peripheral blade is 2% of the wave pitch
- the three-wave shape outer peripheral blade was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch
- the fourth wave shape outer peripheral blade was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch.
- Examples 6 to 12 of the present invention unify the amount of deviation (%) from the phase of the corrugated outer peripheral edge to 2% to 3%, which is the preferred range of the present invention, and change the type of surface treatment to perform a cutting test.
- the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.06 mm
- the second wave-shaped outer peripheral blade is 6% of the wave pitch
- the third wave The outer peripheral edge of the shape was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch
- the fourth outer peripheral edge was 0.06 mm with 6% of the wave pitch.
- D Comparative Example 2 was produced in the same shape as D Invention Example 2.
- D As a conventional example 1, one having a constant phase with a wave pitch of 0% without any deviation from the phase of each wave-shaped outer peripheral blade for every 1/4 pitch of the reference-shaped outer peripheral blade was produced.
- D A phase in which unequal division is adopted as conventional example 2 the division angle of each blade is 95 °, 85 °, 95 °, 85 °, and the wave pitch is 0% of the above-described deviation amount from the phase of each blade. Were produced.
- a high-speed tool steel end mill described in Patent Document 2 having a deviation amount from the phase of 6% was prepared as a hard coating coated end mill.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.06 mm
- the second wave shape outer peripheral blade is 6% of the wave pitch.
- the wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0 mm with 0% of the wave pitch
- the fourth wave-shaped outer peripheral blade was 0.02 mm with 2% of the wave pitch.
- D Conventional Example 4 produced a high-speed tool steel end mill having the same specifications as D Conventional Example 3. This is a comparative evaluation with a hard coating applied to the present invention and made of cemented carbide. In addition, in D Invention Examples 1 to 12, D Comparative Examples 1 and 2, D Conventional Examples 1, 3 and 4, the dividing angle of each blade was equally divided.
- D Example 1 a cutting test was performed using 16 types of end mills except for the high-speed tool steel which is D Conventional Example 4 using hot die steel SKD61 having a hardness of HRC40 as a workpiece. Cutting conditions were 6000 rpm / min (cutting speed 150 m / min), feed rate 1600 mm / min (single blade feed 0.06 mm), axial cut 4 mm, and radial cut 4 mm. As an evaluation, the outer peripheral edge was observed every 5 m, and the wear width was measured.
- wear width was 0.15 mm or less, and no breakage, chipping or chipping was considered good.
- wear width of the outer peripheral blade exceeded 0.15 mm by 50 m, the cutting length and wear width were recorded at the time of observation. Those where breakage, chipping or chipping occurred were terminated at the time of observation, and the cutting length at that time was recorded.
- Example 4 made of high-speed tool steel, cutting conditions far lower than those of cemented carbide made cutting conditions of 1200 rpm / min (cutting speed 30 m / min) and feed rate 150 mm / min ( One blade feed amount was 0.03 mm), the axial cut was 4 mm, and the radial cut was 4 mm. These results are shown together in Table D1.
- D Inventive Examples 1 to 5 showed small chatter vibration, stable cutting, and normal wear even after cutting 50 m.
- D Invention Examples 1 to 3 and 5 each had a small wear width of 0.10 mm or less after cutting 50 m.
- D When the amount of phase shift is 5% as in Example 5 of the present invention, the wear amount becomes relatively large, but this is not a problem.
- D Comparative Example 1 and D Conventional Example 3 have a large amount of deviation from the phase, so that a large cutting load is applied to the corrugated peripheral blade with a large amount of deviation, and chipping occurs at 30 m even though the hard coating is coated. Resulting.
- the amount of phase shift in the cemented carbide end mill should not be so large, and it can be seen that even if the amount of phase shift is large, the limit value is 5%. .
- D Comparative Example 2 was free from chatter vibration and could be stably processed. However, since the surface treatment was not performed, the wear width was 0.17 mm when cutting 20 m, and the cutting was terminated because it exceeded 0.15 mm. D In Conventional Example 1, chatter vibration was large because of the equally spaced wave pitch, and there was a defect at the time of cutting 20 m, and the life was reached. In D Conventional Example 2 which is an unevenly divided product, chipping occurred when the corrugated outer peripheral blade of the groove having a small division angle was cut by 40 m.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each outer blade with a nick is 0.02 mm, where the second outer peripheral blade with a nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick,
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the nick pitch
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the nick pitch.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each outer blade with a nick is 0.02 mm, where the second outer peripheral blade with a nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick, The outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0.03 mm which was 3% of the pitch of the nick, and the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade
- the amount of deviation from the phase of each outer blade with nick is 0.05 mm with the second outer blade with nick being 5% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was made 0.03 mm which was 3% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was made with 0.04 mm which was 4% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each outer blade with a nick is 0.02 mm, where the outer blade with a second nick is 2% of the pitch of the nick,
- the outer peripheral blade with the third nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of the nick
- the outer peripheral blade with the fourth nick was 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of the nick.
- the first blade is a reference shape outer peripheral blade, and the amount of deviation from the phase of each nicked outer peripheral blade is 0.06 mm, where the second nicked outer peripheral blade is 6% of the nick pitch.
- the outer peripheral blade with 3 nicks was made 0 mm which was 0% of the pitch of nick, and the outer peripheral blade with 4th nicks was made with 0.06 mm which was 6% of the pitch of nicks.
- D As a conventional example 5, one having a constant phase with a nick pitch of 0% having no deviation from the phase of each knitted outer peripheral blade for each 1/4 pitch of the reference shape outer peripheral blade was produced.
- the wave pitch is 0% of the amount of deviation from the phase of each blade.
- D as a conventional example 7 a high-speed tool steel end mill described in Patent Document 2 having a deviation amount from the phase of 6% was prepared as a hard coating coated end mill.
- the first blade is a reference-shaped outer peripheral blade, and the deviation from the phase of each corrugated outer peripheral blade is 0.06 mm, the second outer peripheral blade with nick is 6% of the nick pitch.
- the outer peripheral blade with 3 nicks was 0 mm which was 0% of the nick pitch, and the outer peripheral blade with 4th nicks was 0.02 mm which was 2% of the nick pitch.
- Examples 18 to 24 of the present invention unify the amount of deviation (%) from the phase of the nicked outer peripheral blade to 2 to 3%, which is the desired range of the present invention, and perform the cutting test by changing the type of surface treatment. This is an example.
- the amount of deviation from the phase of the outer peripheral blade with nick of each outer peripheral blade and the type of surface treatment were the same in order to compare the results of the cutting test with the case of the corrugated outer peripheral blade.
- a surface treatment method two types of end mills having a corrugated outer peripheral blade and a nicked outer peripheral blade and having the same amount of deviation from the phase are inserted into an arc discharge ion plating furnace, and each surface treatment is performed. The same treatment was performed for each type to form a composite layer coating.
- the amount of phase shift and the kind of surface treatment of the nicked outer peripheral blade are as shown in Table D2.
- D Example 2 a cutting test was performed using hot die steel SKD61 having a hardness of HRC40 as a work material in the same manner as in D Example 1.
- the cutting conditions and the evaluation method are the same as those in D Example 1, and the results are shown in Table D2 as the cutting length, the wear width of the outer peripheral blade, and the evaluation.
- D Invention Examples 13 to 17 had small chatter vibration, could perform stable cutting, and had normal wear even after cutting 50 m.
- D Invention Examples 13 to 15 and 17 had a wear width as small as 0.10 mm or less after cutting 50 m as in D Example 1.
- the outer peripheral blade with nick is slightly worn compared to the corrugated outer peripheral blade, and hot die steel or the like is processed.
- a corrugated outer peripheral blade was the dominant result.
- D Comparative Example 3 and D Conventional Example 7 have a large deviation from the phase of 6%, and a large cutting load is applied to the outer peripheral blade with nick having a large deviation.
- chipping occurs at 30 m.
- No. 7 a defect occurred at 20 m.
- chatter vibration was large due to the pitch of nicks at equal intervals, and a defect occurred at the time of cutting 15 m, resulting in a lifetime.
- D Conventional Example 6 which is an unequal division product, a nicked outer peripheral blade with a small division angle had a defect at the time of cutting 30 m.
- D of Examples 18 to 24 of the present invention in which the amount of deviation from the phase was unified to 2% to 3% and the type of the surface treatment was changed, all had no abnormality up to the cutting length of 50 m, and the wear width was 0. The result was inferior to 10 mm or less even when compared with the wear width of the corrugated outer peripheral blade.
- D Example 3 is a comparison with D Example 1 of the present invention, in which cutting was further performed under high speed conditions, and the results and life of D Example 1 were compared.
- D Example 3 D Invention Example 25 is D Invention Example 2 used in D Example 1
- D Invention Example 26 is D Invention Example 3 used in D Example 1
- D Invention Example 27 is D Invention Example 4 used in D Example 1
- D Invention Example 28 used in D Example 1
- D Invention Example 6 used in D Example 1
- D Invention Example 29 used in D Example 1
- D Invention Example 30 is D Invention Example 10 used in D Example 1
- D Invention Example 31 is an end mill having the same specifications as D Invention Example 12 used in D Example 1, including the type of surface treatment. Was made.
- the workpiece was cut using hot die steel SKD61 having a hardness of HRC40 as the workpiece.
- Cutting conditions were 9000 rpm / min (cutting speed 226 m / min) 1.5 times that of D Example 1, cutting speed was 2160 mm / min (single blade feed amount 0.06 mm), and axial cutting was 4 mm.
- the test was performed with a radial cut of 4 mm. Evaluation was the same as in Example 1, and cutting was performed up to 50 m. The results are shown in Table D3.
- D Invention Examples 25 to 31 were able to perform stable cutting, normal wear even after 50 m cutting, and processing at the same cutting distance as D Example 1 was possible even after high speed cutting.
- the wear width was small compared to the result of D Invention Example 27 in which the deviation amount was 5%, which is the limit value.
- Example 4 In Example 4, a cutting test by groove cutting was performed in order to confirm the chip dischargeability.
- the same specifications as D Invention Example 1 used in D Example 1 as D Invention Example 32, the same specifications as D Conventional Example 1 used in D Example 1 as D Conventional Example 8, and the D specification as D Conventional Example 9 Using the end mill of the unequal division product of the same specification as D conventional example 2 used in Example 1, the work limit test was conducted using the workpiece as structural steel.
- the cutting conditions were 8000 rpm / min (cutting speed 200 m / min), feed rate 2000 mm / min (single blade feed 0.06 mm), and axial cut 8 mm.
- the evaluation recorded the place where it broke on the way while raising the feed speed of 400 mm / min every 1 m cutting. If there is no problem after machining, a circle is marked, and if breakage or chipping or chipping occurs after 1 m cutting at each feed rate, x is indicated, and a feed rate of 3200 mm / min or more is considered good.
- Table D4 The results are shown in Table D4.
- D Conventional Example 9 is processed by raising the feed by grooving, and the chips become larger, and if the blade grooves are small, chip clogging occurs, resulting in chipping or chipping.
- D Inventive Example 32 could be processed without problems up to a feed rate of 3200 mm / min, whereas D Conventional Example 8 had large vibrations and a defect occurred when the feed rate was 3200 mm / min.
- D The non-uniformly divided product of Conventional Example 9 was broken when the feed rate was 2800 mm / min. When the broken tool was observed, welds with scraped scraps were observed in the blade grooves with a small split angle, and breakage due to chip clogging was confirmed.
- D Example 5 used stainless steel SUS304 which is easily welded as a workpiece, and compared a corrugated peripheral blade with a different peripheral blade shape and a peripheral blade with a nick. As can be seen from the above-mentioned various examples, the amount of deviation from the phase is about 2%, and a desirable cutting result was obtained with either a wavy outer peripheral blade or a nicked outer peripheral blade. Therefore, as D Invention Example 33, the same specification as D Invention Example 2 used in D Example 1 was used, and as D Invention Example 34, the same specification as D Invention Example 14 used in D Example 2 was used. Cutting was done.
- Cutting conditions are 5000 rpm / min (cutting speed 125 m / min), feed rate is 1200 mm / min (single blade feed 0.06 mm), axial depth of cut is 4 mm and radial depth of cut is 1 mm. Went.
- the outer peripheral edge was observed every 5 m, and cutting was performed up to 30 m to determine that there was no defect and chipping, and the wear width at that time was measured. The results are shown in Table D5.
- D Invention Examples 33 and 34 were normal wear even after cutting 30 m, and could be processed even with work materials that were easily welded, such as stainless steel.
- the corrugated outer peripheral edge of D Invention Example 33 is 0.14 mm
- the nicked outer edge of D Invention Example 34 is 0.13 mm, which is slightly smaller than the D Invention Example 33.
- the outer peripheral blades with nicks are superior for materials that are easily welded, such as stainless steel.
- the hard film coated end mill having a corrugated outer peripheral edge and the hard film coated end mill having a nicked outer peripheral edge according to the present invention are made of a material that is difficult to weld, such as structural steel, structural alloy steel, cold die steel, and hot die steel.
- a corrugated outer peripheral blade is preferable for processing a workpiece, and a nicked outer peripheral blade is preferable for processing a workpiece that is easily welded, such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, and super heat-resistant alloy.
- Example 1 E In Example 1, the pocket shape was engraved by the method of the present invention and the conventional method, and the processing time (including setup time) was compared.
- the tool used in the cutting method of the present invention was the same as that of A Invention Example 1.
- the tool used in the conventional cutting method had a blade length of 25 mm, and other specifications were the same as those in C Conventional Example 1.
- the machining shape is the same as in C Example 1, and with the machining method of the present invention by the cemented carbide end mill of the present invention and the conventional machining method, carbon steel is used as a workpiece, the width is 50 mm, the length is 50 mm, and the depth is 24 mm.
- the results of the concave pocket machining were compared.
- the cutting in the example of the present invention is the same as in C Example 1, in which the cutting is performed to the depth of 8 mm by the inclined cutting, and then the cutting to be the width 50 mm and the length of 50 mm is repeated three times by the lateral feed to obtain the depth.
- the conventional method was compared by a method in which a drill was used to drill a hole to a depth of 24 mm and then unrolled with an end mill.
- the processing method of the present invention using the end mill of the present invention is a cutting method in which two types of cutting, that is, lateral feed cutting and inclined cutting, are performed continuously.
- Cutting conditions are 6000 revolutions / min (cutting speed 150 m / min), feed speed is 1920 mm / min (single blade feed amount 0.08 mm), axial cut is 8 mm, radial cut is 4 mm, feed speed during inclined cutting Was 1200 mm / min, and the inclination angle was 20 °.
- the inclination angle was 20 °.
- the inclination angle is about 5 °, so that it takes a long processing time. Therefore, in the conventional method, a pilot hole is machined with a drill and unrolled with an end mill.
- the cutting conditions of the conventional end mill were 4000 rotations / min (cutting speed 100 m / min), the feed rate was 1280 mm / min (single blade feed amount 0.08 mm), the axial cut was 8 mm, and the radial cut was 1 mm. .
- the evaluation method was a method in which the time taken for each step for engraving the pocket shape in the present invention example and the conventional method was measured, and the total time was 10 minutes or less.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table E1.
- the cutting method according to the present invention is capable of high-efficiency inclined cutting and high-efficiency transverse feed with an inclination angle of 20 ° with a single tool, so the total time is 10 minutes or less. It was completed in 7 minutes and could be processed in about 1/3 of the conventional method.
- the conventional end mill since the conventional end mill has a large inclination angle capable of inclined cutting of about 5 °, the conventional method uses a method of drilling with a drill and then unrolling with an end mill. However, since the conventional end mill cannot set the cutting conditions high, the set-up and processing time with the drill and the time loss generated from the processing time of the conventional end mill accumulate, and the total time becomes 20 minutes. .
- the cemented carbide end mill characterized by the new shape and the cutting method using the same according to the present invention
- structural steel, structural alloy as a work target material in the machining field such as die machining and parts machining.
- High-efficiency machining about 1.5 times higher than the current level can be achieved by rough machining of end mills of steel, cold die steel, hot die steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy and super heat resistant alloy.
- tempered steel and hardened steel of about HRC 40 or more it is said that we want to carry out complex shape processing including vertical cutting, horizontal cutting, and inclined cutting with high efficiency and roughness with a single end mill. Since the needs are rapidly increasing, the present invention can provide a cemented carbide end mill that can meet such market needs for the first time.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明の超硬合金製エンドミルは、3枚以上の前記外周刃を有し、隣接する各外周刃のうち少なくとも1組の前記外周刃は、前記外周刃の波またはニックのピッチを刃数で割った値で等間隔に並んだ前記基準形状外周刃のそれぞれの位相からのずれ量が無く、その他の組の前記外周刃は互いに位相からのずれ量が不均等であっても良い。
本発明のニック付き外周刃とした場合の超硬合金製エンドミルの、それぞれの位相14のずれ量15をニックのピッチ8の0%を含まない5%以下としたのは、前記ずれ量15が5%を超えて大きい場合は、それぞれの外周刃の切削量が大きく異なるため、位相14が最も大きい外周刃に集中し、負荷が大きくなって工具の折損やニック付き外周刃にチッピングが生じ、エンドミル全体としての寿命が短くなるためである。好ましくは基準形状外周刃のそれぞれの位相14から前記ニックのピッチ8の1%~3%の幅で工具軸方向にずれていることが望ましい。
図22は図21のニック形状において、該丸みの大きさを工具シャンク側の丸み半径が工具先端側の丸み半径より大きく設けたもので、図21と同じく特許文献4に記載されたニック形状を表す図である。
A実施例:本発明のエンドミル外周刃の最適形状を確認した実施例(A実施例1乃至A実施例6)
B実施例:本発明のニックの形状を最適化するための実施例(B実施例1乃至B実施例2)
C実施例:本発明に最適なギャッシュ形状を確認した実施例(C実施例1乃至C実施例4)
D実施例:本発明に最適な表面処理を確認した実施例(D実施例1乃至D実施例6)
E実施例:本発明の切削方法を確認した実施例(E実施例1)
A実施例1は特に波形状外周刃の最適な位相からのずれ量を確認するために行った実施例である。A本発明例1として、第1刃を基準形状外周刃として、基準形状外周刃の波ピッチを4等分したそれぞれの波形状外周刃の位相からのずれ量を、第2波形状外周刃は波ピッチの1%とした0.01mm、第3波形状外周刃は波ピッチの0%とした0mm、第4波形状外周刃は波ピッチの1%とした0.01mmのものを作製した。
A従来例2として不等分割を採用し、各刃の分割角が95°・85°・95°・85°で、各刃の前記位相からのずれ量の無い波ピッチの0%とした位相が一定のものを作製した。
また、A本発明例1~5、A比較例1、A従来例1及び3は各刃の分割角が等分割とした。
A実施例2として、A実施例1と同様のテストをニック付き外周刃で行った。試料は波形状外周刃との切削性を比較するために位相からのずれ量はA実施例1で用いた試料に準じた。
A本発明例6として、第1刃を基準形状外周刃として、基準形状外周刃のニックのピッチを4等分したそれぞれのニック付き外周刃の位相からのずれ量を第2ニック付き外周刃はニックのピッチの1%とした0.01mm、第3ニック付き外周刃はニックのピッチの0%とした0mm、第4ニック付き外周刃はニックのピッチの1%とした0.01mmとしたものを作製した。
A従来例5として不等分割を採用し、各刃の分割角が95°・85°・95°・85°で、各刃の前記位相からのずれ量の無い波ピッチの0%とした位相が一定としたものを作製した。
用いた試料以外は、A実施例1と同様に、硬さHRC40の熱間ダイス鋼SKD61を被加工材として切削を行った。切削条件、評価方法はA実施例1と同じであり、その結果を表A2に示す。
A実施例3は本発明の高速条件での切削を行い、A実施例1との寿命比較を行ったものである。
A実施例3として、A本発明例11はA実施例1で用いたA本発明例2、A本発明例12はA実施例1で用いたA本発明例3、A本発明例13は実施例1で用いたA本発明例4と同仕様のエンドミルを作製した。
A実施例4として、製造時の研削時間の比較を行った。不等分割品に関しては刃溝研削において、分割角度を調整するため研削時間が多くなり、さらに、ランド幅を均一にするための、研削する箇所が多くなり研削時間が多くなる。ここで、特に研削時間の異なる刃溝研削の時間を測定した。A実施例1で用いたA本発明例1と不等分割を採用したA従来例2のエンドミルを作製するときの1本当たりの刃溝研削の研削時間の測定を行った。結果を表A4に示す。
A実施例5として切り屑の排出性を確認するため、溝切削による切削テストを行った。A本発明例13としてA実施例1で用いたA本発明例1と同仕様、A従来例5として、A実施例1で用いたA従来例1と同仕様、A従来例6としてA実施例1で用いたA従来例2と同仕様の不等分割品のエンドミルを使用し、被加工材を構造用鋼として送り限界テストを行った。切削条件は回転数を8000回転/min(切削速度200m/min)、送り速度を2000mm/min(1刃送り量0.06mm)とし、軸方向切り込みを8mmとした。評価は1m切削毎に400mm/min送り速度を上げていき途中折損したところを記録した。加工後に問題なければ○を記し、折損または各送り速度で1m切削後に欠損又はチッピングが生じていれば×を示し送り速度3200mm/min以上のものは良好とした。結果を表A5に示す。
A実施例6は被加工材として溶着しやすいステンレス鋼SUS304を用い、外周刃形状の異なる波形状外周刃とニック付き外周刃の比較を行った。A本発明例14としてA実施例1で用いたA本発明例2と同仕様、A本発明例15として実施例2で用いたA本発明例7と同仕様のものを使用し、切削を行った。
B実施例1は特にニック付き外周刃の最適な位相からのずれ量を確認するために行った実施例である。B本発明例1及び2、B比較例1、B従来例1及び2においては基材はCo含有量が8重量パーセント、WC平均粒径が0.8μmの超硬合金で、工具径8mm、刃長16mm、ねじれ角は45°、全長70mm、シャンク径8mmで刃数は4枚とした。
B本発明例1~5、B比較例1、B従来例1及び3は各刃の分割角が等分割とした。
B実施例2は特にニック付き外周刃の最適なニックの形状を確認するために行った実施例である。B本発明例6~23、B比較例2、3及びB従来例4~7においては基材はCo含有量が8重量パーセント、WC平均粒径が0.8μmの超硬合金で、工具径10mm、刃長20mm、ねじれ角は45°、全長90mm、シャンク径10mmで刃数は4枚とした。
C実施例1は本発明である第2ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面を有する超硬合金製エンドミルで、ギャッシュの最適な形状を確認するために行った実施例である。また、従来の超硬合金製エンドミルである第3ギャッシュ面の無いもの、特許文献5に記載の超硬合金製エンドミルであるギャッシュノッチ角を規定したもの、及び特許文献6に記載の超硬合金製エンドミルである外周側のギャッシュ角を回転中心側のギャッシュ角より大きく設けたものと比較した。
C実施例2は最適な位相からのずれ量の検討を行った実施例である。C本発明例13~17、C従来例4~7、C比較例7は第1ギャッシュ角を25°、第2ギャッシュ角を50°、中心からのつなぎ部の長さ58が工具回転軸から工具径の9%の0.72mmとして仕様を統一した。
C実施例3は従来例との送り限界テストを行った実施例である。C本発明例18として、C実施例1のC本発明例3と同仕様のもの、C従来例8として、C実施例1のC従来例3と同仕様のもの、C従来例9としてC実施例2で用いたC従来例5と同仕様の不等分割品のエンドミルを使用し、被加工材を構造用鋼として送り限界テストを行った。
C実施例4はC実施例2と同様に、ニック付き外周刃で最適な位相からのずれ量の検討を行った実施例である。C本発明例19~23、C従来例10~13、C比較例8は第1ギャッシュ角を25°、第2ギャッシュ角を50°、中心からのつなぎ部の長さが工具回転軸から工具径の9%の0.72mmとして仕様を統一した。
C従来例11は、位相からのずれ量が無いが、各切れ刃の分割角度を85°、95°、85°、95°とし、不等分割としたものを作製した。
D実施例1は各種の表面処理を被覆したエンドミルで、特に波形状外周刃の最適な位相からのずれ量を確認するために行った実施例である。
D本発明例1乃至12、D比較例1、2及びD従来例1乃至3においては、いずれも基材はCo含有量が8重量パーセント、WC平均粒径が0.8μmの超硬合金で、工具径8mm、刃長16mm、全長70mm、シャンク径8mmで刃数は4枚とした。外周刃の形状は波刃形とし、波ピッチを1mmで、ねじれ角は45°とし、切削試験に用いた。D従来例4は高速度工具鋼製のエンドミルであり、工具径8mm、刃長16mm、全長70mm、シャンク径8mmで刃数は4枚、外周刃の形状は波刃形とし、波ピッチを1mmで、ねじれ角は45°とし、切削試験に用いた。
D従来例2として不等分割を採用し、各刃の分割角が95°・85°・95°・85°で、各刃の位相からの前記ずれ量の無い波ピッチの0%とした位相が一定のものを作製した。
また、D本発明例1~12、D比較例1、2、D従来例1、3及び4は各刃の分割角は等分割とした。
D本発明例13として、第1刃を基準形状外周刃として、基準形状外周刃のニックのピッチを4等分したそれぞれのニック付き外周刃の位相からのずれ量を第2ニック付き外周刃はニックのピッチの1%とした0.01mm、第3ニック付き外周刃はニックのピッチの0%とした0mm、第4ニック付き外周刃はニックのピッチの1%とした0.01mmとしたものを作製した。
D従来例6として不等分割を採用し、各刃の分割角が95°・85°・95°・85°で、各刃の前記位相からのずれ量の無い波ピッチの0%とした位相が一定としたものを作製した。
D本発明例13~17、D比較例3、D従来例5及び7は各刃の分割角を等分割とした。
D実施例3は本発明のD実施例1との比較で、さらに高速条件での切削を行い、D実施例1との結果と寿命の比較を行ったものである。
D実施例3として、D本発明例25はD実施例1で用いたD本発明例2、D本発明例26はD実施例1で用いたD本発明例3、D本発明例27はD実施例1で用いたD本発明例4、D本発明例28はD実施例1で用いたD本発明例6、D本発明例29はD実施例1で用いたD本発明例8、D本発明例30はD実施例1で用いたD本発明例10、D本発明例31はD実施例1で用いたD本発明例12と表面処理の種類も含めて同仕様のエンドミルを作製した。
D実施例4として切り屑の排出性を確認するため、溝切削による切削テストを行った。D本発明例32としてD実施例1で用いたD本発明例1と同仕様、D従来例8として、D実施例1で用いたD従来例1と同仕様、D従来例9としてD実施例1で用いたD従来例2と同仕様の不等分割品のエンドミルを使用し、被加工材を構造用鋼として送り限界テストを行った。
D実施例5は被加工材として溶着しやすいステンレス鋼SUS304を用い、外周刃形状の異なる波形状外周刃とニック付き外周刃の比較を行った。上記の各種の実施例から分かるように、位相からのずれ量は2%程度が波形状外周刃でもニック付き形状外周刃でも望ましい切削結果が得られた。よって、D本発明例33としてD実施例1で用いたD本発明例2と同仕様、D本発明例34としてD実施例2で用いたD本発明例14と同仕様のものを使用し、切削を行った。
E実施例1では、本発明例と従来の方法でポケット形状の彫り込み加工を行い加工時間(段取り時間を含む)の比較を行った。本発明の切削加工方法に用いた工具はA本発明例1と同仕様のものを用いた。従来の切削加工方法に用いた工具は刃長が25mmとし、その他の仕様はC従来例1と同仕様のものを用いた。
従来方法ではエンドミルでの傾斜切削は大きくても傾斜角度が5°程度であるため、加工時間が掛かってしまう。したがって、従来方法ではドリルで下穴の加工を行い、エンドミルを用いて繰り広げて加工を行う。従来方法のエンドミルの切削条件は4000回転/min(切削速度100m/min)、送り速度を1280mm/min(1刃送り量0.08mm)とし、軸方向切り込みを8mm、径方向切り込みを1mmとした。
これに対し、従来のエンドミルは傾斜切削が可能な傾斜角が大きくても5°程度であるため、従来方法ではドリルで穴あけを行ってからエンドミルにて繰り広げ加工を行う方法を用いた。しかし従来のエンドミルは切削条件を高く設定することが出来ないため、ドリルでの段取り及び加工時間や、従来のエンドミルの加工時間から発生する時間のロスが蓄積し、合計時間は20分となった。
さらにこの分野では、HRC40程度以上の調質鋼や焼入鋼について、縦切削加工、横切削加工、及び傾斜切削加工を含む複雑な形状の加工を一本のエンドミルで高能率荒で行いたいというニーズが急速に高まっているので、本発明はこのような市場のニーズに応じられる超硬合金製エンドミルを初めて提供できるものである。
2 工具先端側
3 工具シャンク側
4 波ピッチ
5 波高さ
6 山部
7 谷部
8 ニックのピッチ
9 ニックの深さ
10 基準形状外周刃
11 第2波形状外周刃
12 第3波形状外周刃
13 第4波形状外周刃
14 位相
15 ずれ量
16 刃溝
17 第2ニック付き外周刃
18 第3ニック付き外周刃
19 第4ニック付き外周刃
20 外周刃とニックの交点
31 硬質皮膜
34 ニック
35 工具先端側の丸み
36 工具シャンク側の丸み
37 ニック溝の底部
38 ニック溝の底端
39 ニック溝
40 直線
41 凸状の曲線
42 凹円弧形状の曲線
43 エッジ部分
51 第1ギャッシュ面
52 第2ギャッシュ面
53 第3ギャッシュ面
54 第1ギャッシュ面と第2ギャッシュ面の交差部
55 第1ギャッシュ角
56 第1ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面の交差部
57 第2ギャッシュ角
58 つなぎ部の長さ
59 切れ刃部
60 工具保持部
61 硬質皮膜の最上層
62 硬質皮膜の最下層
63 硬質皮膜の最下層と同じ組成を有する皮膜
64 硬質皮膜の最上層と同じ組成を有する皮膜
65 中間層
66 母材
D 工具径
R1 工具先端側の丸み半径
R2 工具シャンク側の丸み半径
R3 凹部の半径R
θ 工具外周刃のねじれ角
Claims (23)
- 工具の外周刃の径方向に山部と谷部を繰り返す複数の波形状の外周刃、および、工具の外周刃の径方向に切り屑を分断させる複数のニックを有する複数の外周刃より選ばれるいずれかの外周刃を有するエンドミルにおいて、ある外周刃を基準形状外周刃としたときに、その他の少なくとも一刃の外周刃の位相の工具軸方向へのずれ量が、前記外周刃の波またはニックのピッチを刃数で割った値で等間隔に並んだ前記基準形状外周刃のそれぞれの位相から前記ピッチの0%を含まない5%以下の幅で工具軸方向にずれていることを特徴とする超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記ずれ量が、前記外周刃の波またはニックのピッチを刃数で割った値で等間隔に並んだ前記基準形状外周刃のそれぞれの位相から前記ピッチの1%乃至3%の幅で工具軸方向にずれていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 3枚以上の前記外周刃を有し、隣接する各外周刃のうち少なくとも1組の前記外周刃は、前記外周刃の波またはニックのピッチを刃数で割った値で等間隔に並んだ前記基準形状外周刃のそれぞれの位相からのずれ量が無く、その他の組の前記外周刃は互いに位相からのずれ量が不均等であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記外周刃は複数のニックを有し、前記ニックと前記外周刃をエンドミルのねじれ角と平行の切断面で見たときに、それぞれの前記ニックの両端は丸みによって滑らかに前記ニックに隣接する外周刃と連なり、それぞれの前記ニックの工具先端側の丸み半径が前記ニックの工具シャンク側の丸み半径より小さいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記ニックの溝の底端が工具シャンク側の丸みと直線若しくはニック溝に向かって凸状の曲線で繋がるか、又は前記直線と前記ニック溝に向かって凸状の曲線との組合せで繋がっていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- ニック付き超硬合金製エンドミルの工具直径をDとしたときに、ニックの工具先端側の丸み半径が0.01D~0.03D、ニックの工具シャンク側の丸み半径はニックの工具先端側の丸み半径の1.5倍~2倍で、ニックの深さが0.01D~0.05Dであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記超硬合金製エンドミルは、複数の前記外周刃と、底刃と、複数のギャッシュ面からなるギャッシュとを有し、前記複数のギャッシュ面は、底刃のすくい面である第1ギャッシュ面、エンドミルの工具軸の回転中心側に設けられた第2ギャッシュ面、及びエンドミルの外周側に設けられた第3ギャッシュ面を有し、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第2ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第1ギャッシュ角、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第2ギャッシュ角としたとき、第1ギャッシュ角は15゜~35゜、第2ギャッシュ角は40゜~60゜に設けられ、第2ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面のつなぎ部の長さは、工具回転軸から工具径の5%以上20%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 被削対象材として、構造用鋼、構造用合金鋼、冷間ダイス鋼、熱間ダイス鋼、ステンレス鋼、チタン合金及び超耐熱合金を切削する工具であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記波形状外周刃には硬質皮膜が被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記硬質皮膜は、外周刃表面側に接する硬質皮膜の最下層と硬質皮膜の最上層からなるか、実質的に前記最下層の組成と前記最上層の組成の繰り返しで積層された複合層からなるか、または、前記最下層と最上層の間に少なくとも一層以上の中間層を含む複合層でなり、前記最上層は前記最下層と比較して相対的に耐酸化性と耐摩耗性が大きいことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記硬質皮膜の最下層の組成が金属元素としてTiとAlを主成分とし含有し、前記金属元素の窒化物、炭窒化物、酸窒化物、酸炭窒化物の何れかであり、硬質皮膜の最上層の組成が、金属元素としてTiとSiを主成分として含有し、前記金属元素の窒化物、炭窒化物、酸窒化物、酸炭窒化物の何れかから成ることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記硬質皮膜の最下層の組成は金属元素がAl、Cr、Ti、Siから選択される1種以上の窒化物であり、中間層はAl、Cr、Ti、Siから選択される1種以上の金属元素とN、B、C、Oから選択される1種以上の元素との化合物であり、硬質皮膜の最上層は金属元素がTi、Siから選択される1種以上の金属元素とN、S、C、Bから選択される1種以上の元素との化合物からなることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記硬質皮膜の窒素系TiAl化合物を(TixAl1-xN)で表わすときに、最下層の硬質皮膜も最上層の硬質皮膜も(TixAl1-xN)の組成から成り、TiとAlの割合は、最下層の硬質皮膜はチタンリッチの0.5<x≦1であり、最上層の硬質皮膜はアルミニウムリッチの0≦x<0.5である多層硬質皮膜であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記超硬合金製エンドミルは、被削対象材として、構造用鋼、構造用合金鋼、冷間ダイス鋼、熱間ダイス鋼、ステンレス鋼、チタン合金及び超耐熱合金を切削する工具であり、複数の前記外周刃と、底刃と、複数のギャッシュ面からなるギャッシュとを有し、前記複数のギャッシュ面は、底刃のすくい面である第1ギャッシュ面、エンドミルの工具軸の回転中心側に設けられた第2ギャッシュ面、及びエンドミルの外周側に設けられた第3ギャッシュ面を有し、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第2ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第1ギャッシュ角、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第2ギャッシュ角としたとき、第1ギャッシュ角は15゜~35゜、第2ギャッシュ角は40゜~60゜に設けられ、第2ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面のつなぎ部の長さは、工具回転軸から工具径の5%以上20%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記超硬合金製エンドミルは、複数の前記外周刃と、底刃と、複数のギャッシュ面からなるギャッシュとを有し、前記複数のギャッシュ面は、底刃のすくい面である第1ギャッシュ面、エンドミルの工具軸の回転中心側に設けられた第2ギャッシュ面、及びエンドミルの外周側に設けられた第3ギャッシュ面を有し、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第2ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第1ギャッシュ角、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第2ギャッシュ角としたとき、第1ギャッシュ角は15゜~35゜、第2ギャッシュ角は40゜~60゜に設けられ、第2ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面のつなぎ部の長さは、工具回転軸から工具径の5%以上20%未満であり、前記波形状外周刃には硬質皮膜が被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記硬質皮膜は、外周刃表面側に接する硬質皮膜の最下層と硬質皮膜の最上層からなるか、実質的に前記最下層の組成と前記最上層の組成の繰り返しで積層された複合層からなるか、または、前記最下層と最上層の間に少なくとも一層以上の中間層を含む複合層でなり、前記最上層は前記最下層と比較して相対的に耐酸化性と耐摩耗性が大きいことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記硬質皮膜の最下層の組成が金属元素としてTiとAlを主成分とし含有し、前記金属元素の窒化物、炭窒化物、酸窒化物、酸炭窒化物の何れかであり、硬質皮膜の最上層の組成が、金属元素としてTiとSiを主成分として含有し、前記金属元素の窒化物、炭窒化物、酸窒化物、酸炭窒化物の何れかから成ることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記硬質皮膜の最下層の組成は金属元素がAl、Cr、Ti、Siから選択される1種以上の窒化物であり、中間層はAl、Cr、Ti、Siから選択される1種以上の金属元素とN、B、C、Oから選択される1種以上の元素との化合物であり、硬質皮膜の最上層は金属元素がTi、Siから選択される1種以上の金属元素とN、S、C、Bから選択される1種以上の元素との化合物からなることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 前記硬質皮膜の窒素系TiAl化合物を(TixAl1-xN)で表わすときに、最下層の硬質皮膜も最上層の硬質皮膜も(TixAl1-xN)の組成から成り、TiとAlの割合は、最下層の硬質皮膜はチタンリッチの0.5<x≦1であり、最上層の硬質皮膜はアルミニウムリッチの0≦x<0.5である多層硬質皮膜であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 工具保持部と、超硬合金製からなる切れ刃部が自在に着脱可能であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 工具保持部と、超硬合金製からなる切れ刃部が自在に着脱可能であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 工具の外周刃の径方向に山部と谷部を繰り返す複数の波形状の外周刃、および、工具の外周刃の径方向に切り屑を分断させる複数のニックを有する複数の外周刃より選ばれるいずれかの外周刃を有するエンドミルにおいて、複数の前記外周刃と、底刃と、複数のギャッシュ面からなるギャッシュとを有し、前記複数のギャッシュ面は、底刃のすくい面である第1ギャッシュ面、エンドミルの工具軸の回転中心側に設けられた第2ギャッシュ面、及びエンドミルの外周側に設けられた第3ギャッシュ面を有し、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第2ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第1ギャッシュ角、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第2ギャッシュ角としたとき、第1ギャッシュ角は15゜~35゜、第2ギャッシュ角は40゜~60゜に設けられ、第2ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面のつなぎ部の長さは、工具回転軸から工具径の5%以上20%未満であることを特徴とする超硬合金製エンドミル。
- 工具の外周刃の径方向に山部と谷部を繰り返す複数の波形状の外周刃、および、工具の外周刃の径方向に切り屑を分断させる複数のニックを有する複数の外周刃より選ばれるいずれかの外周刃と、底刃と、複数のギャッシュ面からなるギャッシュと、を有し、前記外周刃には硬質皮膜が被覆されており、
前記複数のギャッシュ面は、底刃のすくい面である第1ギャッシュ面、エンドミルの工具軸の回転中心側に設けられた第2ギャッシュ面、及びエンドミルの外周側に設けられた第3ギャッシュ面を有し、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第2ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第1ギャッシュ角、前記第1ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面の交差部と工具軸線に直交する平面とのなす角度を第2ギャッシュ角としたとき、第1ギャッシュ角は15゜~35゜、第2ギャッシュ角は40゜~60゜に設けられ、第2ギャッシュ面と第3ギャッシュ面のつなぎ部の長さは、工具回転軸から工具径の5%以上20%未満であり、
前記外周刃は、ある外周刃を基準形状外周刃としたときに、その他の少なくとも一刃の外周刃の位相の工具軸方向へのずれ量が、波またはニックのピッチを刃数で割った値で等間隔に並んだ前記基準形状外周刃のそれぞれの位相から前記ピッチの0%を含まない5%以下の幅で工具軸方向にずれて設けられた超硬合金製エンドミルを用い、
縦送り切削、横送り切削および傾斜切削から選ばれる少なくとも2種以上の切削を連続して行うことを特徴とする切削加工方法。
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CN103042434A (zh) * | 2012-12-08 | 2013-04-17 | 华中科技大学 | 超精密铣削加工表面形貌纹理控制方法 |
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US10525538B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 | 2020-01-07 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Cutting tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8827600B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
KR20110126138A (ko) | 2011-11-22 |
SG174248A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 |
EP2436467A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
US20120020749A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
EP2436467A4 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
EP2436467B1 (en) | 2022-11-30 |
CN102365145B (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
KR101291486B1 (ko) | 2013-07-30 |
EP3412390B1 (en) | 2023-08-23 |
EP3412390A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
CN102365145A (zh) | 2012-02-29 |
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