WO2010113405A1 - 窒化物系半導体素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
窒化物系半導体素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0425—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure
- H01S5/04252—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0425—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure
- H01S5/04256—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the configuration
- H01S5/04257—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the configuration having positive and negative electrodes on the same side of the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3202—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures grown on specifically orientated substrates, or using orientation dependent growth
- H01S5/320225—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures grown on specifically orientated substrates, or using orientation dependent growth polar orientation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/323—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/32308—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength less than 900 nm
- H01S5/32341—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength less than 900 nm blue laser based on GaN or GaP
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention relates to a GaN-based semiconductor light-emitting element such as a light-emitting diode and a laser diode in the wavelength range of the visible range such as ultraviolet to blue, green, orange and white.
- a GaN-based semiconductor light-emitting element such as a light-emitting diode and a laser diode in the wavelength range of the visible range such as ultraviolet to blue, green, orange and white.
- Such light-emitting elements are expected to be applied to display, illumination, optical information processing fields, and the like.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode used for a nitride semiconductor device.
- a nitride semiconductor having nitrogen (N) as a group V element is considered promising as a material for a short-wavelength light-emitting element because of its large band gap.
- LEDs blue light emitting diodes
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a unit cell of GaN.
- FIG. 2 shows four basic vectors a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , and c that are generally used to represent the surface of the wurtzite crystal structure in the 4-index notation (hexagonal crystal index).
- the basic vector c extends in the [0001] direction, and this direction is called “c-axis”.
- a plane perpendicular to the c-axis is called “c-plane” or “(0001) plane”.
- c-axis” and “c-plane” may be referred to as “C-axis” and “C-plane”, respectively.
- a c-plane substrate that is, a substrate having a (0001) plane on the surface is used as a substrate on which a GaN-based semiconductor crystal is grown.
- polarization electrical polarization
- the “c-plane” is also called “polar plane”.
- a piezoelectric field is generated along the c-axis direction in the InGaN quantum well in the active layer.
- a substrate having a nonpolar plane, for example, a (10-10) plane called m-plane perpendicular to the [10-10] direction is used. It is being considered.
- “-” attached to the left of the number in parentheses representing the Miller index means “bar”.
- the m-plane is a plane parallel to the c-axis (basic vector c), and is orthogonal to the c-plane.
- Ga atoms and nitrogen atoms exist on the same atomic plane, and therefore no polarization occurs in the direction perpendicular to the m plane.
- the m-plane is a general term for the (10-10) plane, the (-1010) plane, the (1-100) plane, the (-1100) plane, the (01-10) plane, and the (0-110) plane.
- the X plane may be referred to as a “growth plane”, and a semiconductor layer formed by the X plane growth may be referred to as an “X plane semiconductor layer”.
- JP 2006-24750 A Japanese Patent No. 3821128
- a GaN-based semiconductor element grown on an m-plane substrate can exhibit a remarkable effect as compared with that grown on a c-plane substrate, but has the following problems. That is, the GaN-based semiconductor element grown on the m-plane substrate has a higher contact resistance of the p-type electrode than that grown on the c-plane substrate, which is the GaN-based semiconductor grown on the m-plane substrate. This is a major technical obstacle to using the device.
- the electrode of the light emitting element it is required to improve the external quantum efficiency by reducing the light absorption loss in the electrode part in addition to the reduction of the contact resistance.
- Metals having a large work function Pd, Au, Pt, etc.
- the external quantum efficiency is a ratio of the number of photons emitted to the outside of the light emitting element with respect to the number of carriers injected into the light emitting element.
- the inventor of the present application has a problem that the contact resistance of the GaN-based semiconductor element grown on the m-plane which is a nonpolar plane is high, and a problem that the light absorption loss in the electrode portion is high.
- the present inventors have found a means that can reduce contact resistance and achieve high external quantum efficiency.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and its main purpose is to reduce contact resistance in a GaN-based semiconductor element grown on an m-plane substrate, and to further reduce light absorption loss at an electrode portion.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a structure and manufacturing method of a p-type electrode that can be reduced to realize a high external quantum efficiency.
- a first nitride-based semiconductor element of the present invention includes a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane, and an electrode provided on the p-type semiconductor region.
- the Ag layer is covered with a protective electrode made of a metal different from Ag.
- the Ag layer is covered with a protective layer made of a dielectric.
- the p-type semiconductor region is a p-type contact layer.
- the thickness of the Mg layer is equal to or less than the thickness of the Ag layer.
- the N concentration in the Mg layer is lower than the Ga concentration.
- a semiconductor substrate that supports the semiconductor multilayer structure is provided.
- the p-type semiconductor region is GaN.
- At least a part of the Mg layer and the Ag layer are alloyed.
- the light source of the present invention is a light source including a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device and a wavelength conversion unit including a fluorescent material that converts a wavelength of light emitted from the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device, the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device
- the p-type semiconductor region is GaN.
- At least a part of the Mg layer and the Ag layer are alloyed.
- the method for producing a nitride-based semiconductor device of the present invention includes a step (a) of preparing a substrate and a step of forming a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane on the substrate ( b) and a step (c) of forming an electrode on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region of the semiconductor multilayer structure, wherein the step (c) includes Mg on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region. Forming a layer, and forming an Ag layer on the Mg layer.
- the step of heat-treating the Mg layer is performed in the step (c).
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 550 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower.
- the step of forming the Mg layer includes depositing Mg on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region by irradiating an electron beam in a pulsed manner.
- the method includes a step of removing the substrate after performing the step (b).
- the p-type semiconductor region is GaN.
- At least a part of the Mg layer and the Ag layer are alloyed.
- a second nitride-based semiconductor element of the present invention includes a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane, and an electrode provided on the p-type semiconductor region.
- a third nitride-based semiconductor element of the present invention includes a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane, and an electrode provided on the p-type semiconductor region.
- a fourth nitride-based semiconductor element of the present invention includes a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure having a p-type semiconductor region whose surface is an m-plane, and an electrode provided on the p-type semiconductor region.
- the alloy layer is composed of Mg and Ag.
- the alloy layer is formed by performing a heat treatment after forming an Mg layer in contact with the surface of the p-type semiconductor region and an Ag layer positioned on the Mg layer. It is.
- the alloy layer is a layer formed by performing a heat treatment after depositing a mixture or compound of Mg and Ag on the surface of the p-type semiconductor region.
- the electrode on the semiconductor multilayer structure includes the Mg layer, and the Mg layer is in contact with the surface (m-plane) of the p-type impurity region. Can be reduced. Furthermore, high external quantum efficiency is realizable by reflecting light with the Ag layer provided on Mg layer.
- a perspective view schematically showing a unit cell of GaN Perspective view showing basic vectors a 1 , a 2 , a 3 and c of wurtzite crystal structure (A) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a diagram showing an m-plane crystal structure, and (c) is a diagram showing a c-plane crystal structure.
- (A)-(c) is a figure which shows distribution of Mg and Ag in an electrode typically Graph showing current-voltage characteristics when two Pd / Pt electrodes are brought into contact with the p-type GaN layer Graph showing current-voltage characteristics when two Mg / Ag electrodes are in contact with the p-type GaN layer
- FIG. 3A schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- a nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. 3A is a semiconductor device made of a GaN-based semiconductor, and has a nitride-based semiconductor multilayer structure.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 of this embodiment is formed on a GaN-based substrate 10 having an m-plane as a surface 12, a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 formed on the GaN-based substrate 10, and the semiconductor multilayer structure 20.
- the electrode 30 is provided.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is an m-plane semiconductor multilayer structure formed by m-plane growth, and its surface is an m-plane.
- the surface of the GaN-based substrate 10 is an m-plane depending on the growth conditions.
- at least the surface of the semiconductor region in contact with the electrode in the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 may be an m-plane.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 of the present embodiment includes the GaN substrate 10 that supports the semiconductor multilayer structure 20, but may include another substrate instead of the GaN substrate 10, or the substrate may be removed. It is also possible to use it in the state.
- FIG. 3B schematically shows a crystal structure in a cross section (cross section perpendicular to the substrate surface) of the nitride-based semiconductor whose surface is an m-plane. Since Ga atoms and nitrogen atoms exist on the same atomic plane parallel to the m-plane, no polarization occurs in the direction perpendicular to the m-plane. That is, the m-plane is a nonpolar plane, and no piezo electric field is generated in the active layer grown in the direction perpendicular to the m-plane.
- the added In and Al are located at the Ga site and replace Ga. Even if at least part of Ga is substituted with In or Al, no polarization occurs in the direction perpendicular to the m-plane.
- a GaN-based substrate having an m-plane on the surface is referred to as an “m-plane GaN-based substrate” in this specification.
- an m-plane GaN substrate is used and a semiconductor is grown on the m-plane of the substrate.
- the surface of the substrate does not need to be an m-plane, and the substrate does not need to remain in the final device.
- FIG. 3C schematically shows a crystal structure in a nitride semiconductor cross section (cross section perpendicular to the substrate surface) having a c-plane surface.
- Ga atoms and nitrogen atoms do not exist on the same atomic plane parallel to the c-plane.
- polarization occurs in a direction perpendicular to the c-plane.
- a GaN-based substrate having a c-plane on the surface is referred to as a “c-plane GaN-based substrate” in this specification.
- the c-plane GaN-based substrate is a general substrate for growing GaN-based semiconductor crystals. Since the positions of the Ga (or In) atomic layer and the nitrogen atomic layer parallel to the c-plane are slightly shifted in the c-axis direction, polarization is formed along the c-axis direction.
- a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is formed on the surface (m-plane) 12 of the m-plane GaN-based substrate 10.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 26 is located on the side opposite to the m-plane 12 side with respect to the active layer 24.
- the active layer 24 is an electron injection region in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 of the present embodiment is a first conductivity type (n-type) Al u Ga v In w N layer 22.
- an undoped GaN layer may be provided between the active layer 24 and the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- the Al composition ratio d need not be uniform in the thickness direction.
- the Al composition ratio d may change continuously or stepwise in the thickness direction. That is, the Al d Ga e N layer 26 may have a multilayer structure in which a plurality of layers having different Al composition ratios d are stacked, and the dopant concentration may also change in the thickness direction. .
- the uppermost part of the Al d Ga e N layer 26 (upper surface part of the semiconductor multilayer structure 20) is composed of a layer (GaN layer) in which the Al composition ratio d is zero. Is preferred.
- An electrode 30 is formed on the semiconductor multilayer structure 20.
- the electrode 30 of this embodiment includes an Mg layer 32 and an Ag layer 34 formed on the Mg layer 32. At least a part of the Mg layer 32 and the Ag layer 34 may be alloyed. That is, only the boundary portion between the Mg layer 32 and the Ag layer 34 may be alloyed, or the entire electrode 30 may be alloyed.
- FIGS. 4A to 4C are views for explaining alloying between the Mg layer 32 and the Ag layer 34.
- FIG. FIG. 4A shows a state in which a part of the Mg layer 32 and the Ag layer 34 are alloyed.
- the electrode 30A includes an Mg layer 32 in contact with the Al d Ga e N layer 26, an Mg—Ag alloy layer 61A existing on the Mg layer 32, and an Mg—Ag And an Ag layer 34 existing on the alloy layer 61A.
- FIG. 4B shows a state in which the alloying of Mg and Ag has progressed to a portion in contact with the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- the Mg layer 32 in the electrode 30B (the portion of the electrode 30B that is in contact with the Al d Ga e N layer 26) is made of an Mg—Ag alloy.
- the Ag layer 34 exists on the Mg layer 32.
- FIG. 4 (c) shows the electrode 30C in a state where the entire Mg layer and Ag layer are alloyed.
- the electrode 30C is composed only of the Mg—Ag alloy layer 61C.
- the Mg—Ag alloy shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C is composed of Mg and Ag (the main components are Mg and Ag).
- the structures shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C can be formed by performing a heat treatment after an Ag layer is formed on the Mg layer. Note that the structure illustrated in FIG. 4C may be formed by performing heat treatment after performing deposition using a mixture or compound of Mg and Ag as a deposition source.
- the Ag layer 34 may be alloyed by adding one or more kinds of other metals (for example, Cu, Au, Pd, Nd, Sm, Sn, In, Bi, etc.) containing Ag as a main component. Good.
- the Ag layer 34 alloyed with these metals is superior in heat resistance and reliability as compared with Ag.
- the Ag layer has a high reflectance with respect to light.
- Ag when compared with the reflectance of blue light, Ag is about 97%, Pt is about 55%, and Au is about 40%.
- the Mg layer 32 in the electrode 30 is in contact with the p-type semiconductor region of the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 and functions as a part of the p-type electrode.
- the Mg layer 32 is in contact with the Al d Ga e N layer 26 doped with the second conductivity type (p-type) dopant.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 26 is doped with Mg as a dopant, for example.
- a p-type dopant other than Mg for example, Zn or Be may be doped.
- the Mg layer 32 may be aggregated in an island shape (island shape) by the heat treatment after lamination, and may be formed on the surface of the Al d Ga e N layer 26 at intervals. .
- Ag constituting the Ag layer 34 enters between the island-like Mgs. At least a part of the Ag layer 34 may be aggregated in an island shape.
- the thickness of the electrode 30 of the present embodiment is, for example, not less than 10 nm and not more than 200 nm.
- the Mg layer 32 in the electrode 30 is a layer thinner than the thickness of the Ag layer 34, and the suitable thickness of the Mg layer 32 is not less than 0.5 nm and not more than 10 nm, for example.
- the thickness of the Mg layer 32 means the thickness of the Mg layer after the heat treatment.
- the reason why the preferred thickness of the Mg layer 32 is 10 nm or less is to make the Mg layer 32 light transmissive. If the thickness of the Mg layer 32 is 10 nm or less, the light emitted from the active layer 24 of the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 hardly reaches the Mg layer 32 and reaches the Ag layer 34.
- the thickness of the Mg layer 32 should be small, for example, preferably 1 nm or more and 2 nm or less. If the reflection of light by the Ag layer 34 is not expected, the thickness of the Mg layer 32 is not necessarily 10 nm or less.
- the contact resistance in the case where the thickness of the Mg layer 32 is 45 nm or more is almost the same as that in the case of using a conventional Pd-based electrode, and the problem of electrode peeling also occurs, so the thickness of the Mg layer 32 is 45 nm. The following is desirable.
- the thickness of the Ag layer 34 is, for example, not less than 10 nm and not more than 200 nm. Since the penetration length of light (for example, light having a wavelength in the blue region) in the Ag layer 34 is about 10 nm, the light can be sufficiently reflected if the thickness of the Ag layer 34 is 10 nm or more of the penetration length. Also, the Mg layer 32 is thinner than the Ag layer 34 because the strain balance between the Mg layer 32 and the Ag layer 34 is lost, and the Mg layer 32 is between the Al d Ga e N layer 26. This is to prevent peeling at.
- the thickness of the GaN-based substrate 10 having the m-plane surface 12 is, for example, 100 to 400 ⁇ m. This is because if the substrate thickness is about 100 ⁇ m or more, there will be no trouble in handling the wafer.
- the substrate 10 of the present embodiment may have a laminated structure as long as it has an m-plane surface 12 made of a GaN-based material. That is, the GaN-based substrate 10 of the present embodiment includes a substrate having an m-plane at least on the surface 12, and therefore, the entire substrate may be GaN-based or a combination with other materials. It doesn't matter.
- an electrode 40 (n-type electrode) is formed on a part of an n-type Al u Ga v In w N layer (for example, thickness 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m) 22 located on the substrate 10. Is formed.
- a recess 42 is formed in the region where the electrode 40 is formed in the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 so that a part of the n-type Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 is exposed.
- An electrode 40 is provided on the surface of the n-type Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 exposed at the recess 42.
- the electrode 40 is composed of, for example, a laminated structure of a Ti layer, an Al layer, and a Pt layer, and the thickness of the electrode 40 is, for example, 100 to 200 nm.
- the active layer 24 of the present embodiment includes a GaInN / GaN multiple quantum well (GaInN / GaN multiple quantum well) in which Ga 0.9 In 0.1 N well layers (eg, 9 nm thick) and GaN barrier layers (eg, 9 nm thick) are alternately stacked.
- MQW MQW structure
- a p-type Al d Ga e N layer 26 is provided on the active layer 24.
- the thickness of the p-type Al d Ga e N layer 26 is, for example, 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m.
- an undoped GaN layer may be provided between the active layer 24 and the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- a second conductivity type (for example, p-type) GaN layer may be formed on the Al d Ga e N layer 26. Then, it is possible to form a contact layer made of p + -GaN on the GaN layer, and further form an Mg layer 32 on the contact layer made of p + -GaN.
- a contact layer made of GaN instead think of the Al d Ga e N layer 26 is another layer, it can be considered to be a part of the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- FIG. 5A shows current-voltage characteristics when two Pd / Pt electrodes are in contact with the p-type GaN layer
- FIG. 5B shows current when two Mg / Ag electrodes are in contact with the p-type GaN layer— The voltage characteristics are shown.
- the Pd / Pt electrode an electrode (m-plane GaN (Pd / Pt) electrode) formed by performing a heat treatment after forming a Pd layer and a Pt layer in this order on a p-type m-plane GaN layer was used. .
- an electrode m-plane GaN (Mg / Ag) electrode
- Mg / Ag m-plane GaN
- the Mg layer in the Mg / Ag electrode was formed using a pulse vapor deposition method. The pulse deposition method will be described later. In all the experimental examples in the specification of the present application, the Mg layer is deposited by a pulse vapor deposition method, and the Ag layer is deposited by a normal electron beam vapor deposition method.
- the Mg / Ag electrode and the Pd / Pt electrode are in contact with the m-plane GaN layer doped with Mg.
- Mg of 7 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 is doped in a region 20 nm deep from the surface (the outermost surface region having a thickness of 20 nm). Further, a region where the depth from the surface of the m-plane GaN layer exceeds 20 nm is doped with 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 of Mg.
- the concentration of the p-type impurity is locally increased in the outermost surface region of the GaN layer in contact with the p-type electrode, the contact resistance can be minimized.
- FIG. 5F shows a state in which a plurality of electrodes of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m are arranged at intervals of 8 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, and 20 ⁇ m.
- Pd is a metal having a large work function that has been conventionally used as a p-type electrode.
- the Pd layer is in contact with the p-type GaN layer.
- the graph of FIG. 5A shows Schottky non-ohmic characteristics (Schottky voltage: about 2 V).
- Schottky voltage appears in the graph of FIG. 5B (current-voltage characteristics of the Mg / Ag electrode), and it can be seen that this Mg / Ag electrode forms almost ohmic contact with the p-type GaN layer.
- the disappearance of the Schottky voltage is very important in reducing the operating voltage of devices such as light emitting diodes and laser diodes.
- FIG. 5C is a graph showing the specific contact resistance ( ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ) of the Pd / Pt electrode and the Mg / Ag electrode described above.
- the Pd / Pt electrode is heat-treated at 500 ° C.
- the Mg / Ag electrode is heat-treated at 600 ° C.
- the configuration and heat treatment conditions of the Pd / Pt electrode and the Mg / Ag electrode in which the specific contact resistance of FIG. 5C was measured are the same as those shown in Table 1.
- the contact resistance R is generally inversely proportional to the contact area S (cm 2 ).
- R Rc / S
- the proportional constant Rc is called a specific contact resistance and corresponds to the contact resistance R when the contact area S is 1 cm 2 . That is, the magnitude of the specific contact resistance does not depend on the contact area S and is an index for evaluating the contact characteristics.
- specific contact resistance may be abbreviated as “contact resistance”.
- the specific contact resistance ( ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 ) of the Mg / Ag electrode is lower by almost one digit than that of the Pd / Pt electrode.
- FIG. 5D is a graph showing contact resistance (measured value) of a semiconductor element whose surface (contact surface) in contact with an electrode in the semiconductor layer is an m-plane and contact resistance (measured value) of a semiconductor element whose contact surface is a c-plane. is there.
- a sample in which either the Mg / Ag electrode or the Pd / Pt electrode was brought into contact with the p-type GaN layer was used.
- 7 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 is doped in a region 20 nm deep from the surface of the p-type GaN layer in contact with the electrode, and 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ in a deeper region. 3 Mg was doped.
- the Mg / Ag electrode shows slightly lower contact resistance than the Pd / Pt electrode.
- the contact resistance of the Mg / Ag electrode is significantly lower than the contact resistance of the Pd / Pt electrode.
- FIG. 5E is a graph showing the heat treatment temperature dependence of the specific contact resistance values of the Pd / Pt electrode and the Mg / Ag electrode.
- each layer before the heat treatment is 7 nm for the Mg layer in the Mg / Ag electrode, 75 nm for the Ag layer, 40 nm for the Pd layer in the Pd / Pt electrode, and 35 nm for the Pt layer.
- the heat treatment temperature of the m-plane GaN (Mg / Ag) electrode is preferably, for example, 500 ° C. or higher.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 800 ° C.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of as-depo (when no heat treatment is performed) and heat treatment temperatures of 500 ° C., 600 ° C., and 700 ° C.
- the contact resistance of the Mg / Ag electrode in the present embodiment is evaluated, a remarkable effect is obtained in that the contact resistance is about one digit lower than that of the Pd / Pt electrode having a high work function that has been conventionally used. Succeeded.
- the contact resistance drastically decreases because only Ga atoms in GaN diffuse to the electrode side by heat treatment, and N It is presumed that the atoms are not diffused to the electrode side. Since only Ga out of GaN diffuses to the electrode side, it is presumed that the N concentration is lower than the Ga concentration in the Mg layer.
- Ga vacancies have an acceptor property, when Ga vacancies increase near the interface between the electrode and p-type GaN, holes easily pass through the Schottky barrier at this interface by tunneling. Thereby, it is considered that when the Mg layer is formed so as to be in contact with the p-type GaN layer having the m-plane as the surface, the contact resistance is reduced.
- N atoms diffuse together with Ga atoms to the electrode side, a state where N is insufficient on the outermost surface of p-type GaN, that is, N vacancies are also formed. Since N vacancies have donor properties, charge compensation occurs between Ga vacancies and N vacancies on the outermost surface of p-type GaN. Further, it is considered that the crystallinity of the GaN crystal is deteriorated by the elimination of N atoms. Therefore, when N atoms as well as Ga atoms diffuse to the electrode side, the contact resistance between the p-type GaN layer and the electrode is high.
- FIG. 7A shows a result of measuring a profile in the depth direction of Ga atoms in a structure in which an Mg / Ag electrode is arranged on m-plane GaN using SIMS.
- FIG. 7A shows a profile before heat treatment (as-depo) and a profile after heat treatment (after heat treatment at 600 ° C.).
- the vertical axis of the graph represents intensity (corresponding to Ga concentration), and the horizontal axis represents the distance in the depth direction.
- the intensity of 1 ⁇ 10 1 on the vertical axis substantially corresponds to a Ga concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the region where the numerical value on the horizontal axis is “ ⁇ ” is the electrode side, and the region “+” is the p-type GaN side.
- the origin (0 ⁇ m) on the horizontal axis is the peak position of Mg and substantially corresponds to the position of the interface between the p-type GaN layer and the Mg layer.
- the heat treatment of the sample used for the measurement was performed at a temperature of 600 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the thickness of the Mg layer before the heat treatment was 7 nm, and the thickness of the Ag layer was 75 nm.
- 7 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 of Mg is doped in a region 20 nm deep from the surface of the p-type GaN layer in contact with the electrode, and 1 ⁇ 10 6 in a region deeper than that. 19 cm ⁇ 3 Mg was doped.
- FIG. 7B is a graph showing a result of using SIMS to obtain a profile in the depth direction of nitrogen atoms in a structure in which an Mg / Ag electrode is disposed on m-plane GaN.
- the intensity of 1 ⁇ 10 1 on the vertical axis substantially corresponds to an N concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the vertical axis of the graph is intensity (corresponding to N concentration), and the horizontal axis is the distance in the depth direction.
- the region where the numerical value on the horizontal axis is “ ⁇ ” is the electrode side, and the region “+” is the p-type GaN side.
- the origin (0 ⁇ m) on the horizontal axis is the peak position of Mg and substantially corresponds to the position of the interface between the p-type GaN layer and the Mg layer.
- the heat treatment of the sample used for the measurement was performed at a temperature of 600 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the thickness of the Mg layer before the heat treatment was 7 nm, and the thickness of the Ag layer was 75 nm.
- the electrode structure and p-type GaN doping conditions are the same as those in the sample from which the measurement results shown in FIG. 7A were obtained.
- each element (Ga, N) similarly occurs even when a part of Ga is substituted with Al or In in the GaN layer in contact with the Mg layer.
- an element other than Mg is doped as a dopant in the GaN-based semiconductor layer in contact with the Mg layer.
- an m-plane GaN substrate 10 and an Al u Ga v In w N layer (u + v + w 1, u ⁇ 0, v ⁇ 0, w ⁇ 0) 22.
- the m-plane GaN substrate 10 is an n-type GaN substrate (for example, a thickness of 100 ⁇ m)
- the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 is an n-type GaN layer (for example, a thickness of 2 ⁇ m).
- An active layer 24 is formed on the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 including at least the active layer 24 is formed on the m-plane GaN substrate 10.
- the active layer 24 is composed of, for example, an InGaN well layer and a GaN barrier layer having an In composition ratio of about 25%, the well layer thickness is 9 nm, the barrier layer thickness is 9 nm, and the well layer period is three periods. .
- the Al d Ga e N layer 26 of this embodiment is doped with Mg as a p-type dopant.
- Mg is doped to the Al d Ga e N layer 26 by, for example, about 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- an undoped GaN layer (not shown) is formed between the active layer 24 and the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- a second conductivity type (for example, p-type) GaN layer (not shown) is formed on the Al d Ga e N layer 26.
- an Mg layer 32 is formed on the contact layer made of p + -GaN, and an Ag layer 34 is formed thereon.
- the laminated structure of the Mg layer 32 and the Ag layer 34 becomes an electrode (p-type electrode) 30.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 20, Al u Ga v In w recess (recess) 42 for exposing the surface of the N layer 22 is formed, it is located on the bottom surface of the recess 42 Al u Ga v In w N layer 22
- An electrode (n-type electrode) 40 is formed on the substrate.
- the size of the recess 42 is, for example, a width (or diameter) of 20 ⁇ m and a depth of 1 ⁇ m.
- the electrode 40 is, for example, an electrode having a laminated structure of a Ti layer, an Al layer, and a Pt layer (for example, the thicknesses are 5 nm, 100 nm, and 10 nm, respectively).
- the operating voltage (Vop) can be reduced by about 2.0 V compared to the case of a conventional m-plane LED using a Pd / Pt electrode, and as a result. It was found that power consumption can be reduced.
- an m-plane substrate 10 is prepared.
- a GaN substrate is used as the substrate 10.
- the GaN substrate of the present embodiment is obtained by using an HVPE (Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxial) method.
- a thick film GaN on the order of several mm is grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate.
- an m-plane GaN substrate is obtained by cutting the thick film GaN in the direction perpendicular to the c-plane and the m-plane.
- the production method of the GaN substrate is not limited to the above, and a method of producing an ingot of bulk GaN using a liquid phase growth method such as a sodium flux method or a melt growth method such as an ammonothermal method, and cutting it in the m plane But it ’s okay.
- a gallium oxide, a SiC substrate, a Si substrate, a sapphire substrate, or the like can be used in addition to a GaN substrate.
- the plane orientation of the SiC or sapphire substrate is preferably the m-plane.
- the growth surface may not necessarily be the m-plane depending on the growth conditions. It is sufficient that at least the surface of the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is m-plane.
- crystal layers are sequentially formed on the substrate 10 by MOCVD (Metal Organic Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- an Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 is formed on the m-plane GaN substrate 10.
- Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 for example, AlGaN having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m is formed.
- a GaN layer is formed by supplying TMG (Ga (CH 3 ) 3 ), TMA (Al (CH 3 ) 3 ), and NH 3 on the m-plane GaN substrate 10 at 1100 ° C. accumulate.
- the active layer 24 is formed on the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22.
- the active layer 24 has a GaInN / GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structure with a thickness of 81 nm in which a Ga 0.9 In 0.1 N well layer with a thickness of 9 nm and a GaN barrier layer with a thickness of 9 nm are alternately stacked.
- MQW multiple quantum well
- the growth temperature is preferably lowered to 800 ° C. in order to incorporate In.
- an Al d Ga e N layer 26 is formed on the undoped GaN layer.
- the Al d Ga e N layer 26 for example, by supplying TMG, NH 3 , TMA, TMI and Cp 2 Mg (cyclopentadienyl magnesium) as a p-type impurity, p-Al 0.14 Ga 0.86 having a thickness of 70 nm is provided. N is formed.
- Cp 2 Mg is supplied as a p-type impurity.
- the p-GaN contact layer, the Al d Ga e N layer 26, the undoped GaN layer, and a part of the active layer 24 are removed to form a recess 42, and Al x Ga y In z
- the n-type electrode formation region of the N layer 22 is exposed.
- a Ti / Al / Pt layer is formed as the n-type electrode 40 on the n-type electrode formation region located at the bottom of the recess 42.
- an Mg layer 32 is formed on the p-GaN contact layer, and an Ag layer 34 is formed on the Mg layer 32 by a normal vacuum vapor deposition method (resistance heating method, electron beam vapor deposition method, etc.). Thereby, the p-type electrode 30 is formed.
- the technique of performing vapor deposition while vaporizing the raw material metal in a pulse manner is used for forming the Mg layer 32. More specifically, the Mg metal in the crucible held in vacuum is irradiated with an electron beam in a pulsed manner to evaporate the source metal in a pulsed manner. The source metal molecules or atoms adhere to the p-GaN contact layer, and the Mg layer 32 is formed.
- the pulse has a pulse width of 0.5 seconds and a repetition of 1 Hz.
- a dense and good quality film was formed as the Mg layer 32.
- the reason why the Mg layer becomes dense is considered to be that the kinetic energy of Mg atoms or Mg atom clusters that extinguish in the p-GaN contact layer is increased by performing pulse deposition.
- Mg is an element that is easily oxidized by contact with water or air.
- the pulse vapor deposition method of the present embodiment is used, an Mg layer that is hardly oxidized and excellent in water resistance and oxygen resistance can be obtained.
- the Mg layer formed in this manner is stable even when heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 600 ° C. or higher.
- a technique of performing vapor deposition while vaporizing the source metal (Mg metal) in a pulsed manner is employed.
- Mg metal source metal
- Other techniques can be employed as long as they can be formed.
- sputtering, thermal CVD, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), or the like can be employed.
- the substrate 10 and part of the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 may be removed by using a method such as laser lift-off, etching, and polishing. At this time, only the substrate 10 may be removed, or only a part of the substrate 10 and the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 may be selectively removed. Of course, the substrate 10 and the Al u Ga v In w N layer 22 may be left without being removed.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device 100 of this embodiment is formed.
- nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 of the present embodiment when a voltage is applied between the n-type electrode 40 and the p-type electrode 30, holes are transferred from the p-type electrode 30 toward the active layer 24. Electrons are injected from the active layer 24 toward the active layer 24 to emit light having a wavelength of 450 nm, for example.
- FIG. 8 shows current-voltage characteristics of a light-emitting diode using electrodes composed of Mg / Ag layers (electrodes heat-treated at 575 ° C. for 10 minutes and electrodes heat-treated at 600 ° C. for 10 minutes). .
- electrodes composed of Mg / Ag layers
- electrodes heat-treated at 600 ° C. for 10 minutes the characteristics of a light-emitting diode using an electrode composed of a Pd / Pt layer with the same structure of the nitride semiconductor of the light-emitting diode are also shown.
- each layer before the heat treatment is 7 nm for the Mg layer in the Mg / Ag electrode, 75 nm for the Ag layer, 40 nm for the Pd layer in the Pd / Pt electrode, and 35 nm for the Pt layer.
- This light-emitting diode has a structure in which an n-type GaN layer, an InGaN well layer (three layers) and a GaN barrier layer (two layers) are alternately laminated on an m-plane GaN substrate, and a p-type GaN layer is laminated. It has been done. Further, an Mg / Ag electrode or a Pd / Pt electrode is provided as a p-type electrode on the p-type GaN layer. The n-type electrode is formed on the n-type GaN layer by etching the p-type GaN layer and the active layer to expose the n-type GaN layer.
- the rising voltage of a light emitting diode using an electrode made of a Pd / Pt layer is about 3.7V.
- the rising voltage of a light emitting diode using an electrode made of an Mg / Ag layer is about 2.7 V, and a significant reduction in the rising voltage is observed.
- the light emitting diode using the electrode made of the Mg / Ag layer is 2.0 V or more smaller than the light emitting diode using the electrode made of the Pd / Pt layer. I understand.
- the surface of the electrode 30 composed of the Mg layer 32 and the Ag layer 34 is made of a metal other than Ag (for example, Ti, Pt, Mo, Pd, Au, W, etc.).
- the protective electrode 50 may be covered. However, since the light absorption loss of these metals is larger than the light absorption loss of Ag, all the light is reflected by the Ag layer 34 by setting the thickness of the Ag layer 34 to 10 nm or more which is the light penetration length. It is preferable that the protective electrode 50 is not transmitted. In the case where a metal having a relatively small light absorption loss is used as the protective electrode 50, the protective electrode 50 also has the effect of a reflective film. Therefore, the thickness of the Ag layer 34 may not be 10 nm or more.
- the protective electrode 50 may cover the entire electrode 30 or only a part thereof. Since the protective electrode 50 is a metal, even when the entire electrode 30 is covered with the protective electrode 50, if a lead wire (not shown) is bonded onto the protective electrode 50, the electrode 30 and the lead wire are electrically connected. However, when the resistance of the metal constituting the protective electrode 50 is large, it is preferable to provide an opening in a part of the protective electrode 50 and bond the lead wire directly to the Ag layer 34 of the electrode 30.
- a protective layer 51 made of a dielectric material may be formed to protect the electrode 30.
- a dielectric material for example, SiO 2 or SiN
- the electrode 30 cannot be electrically connected to the outside. Therefore, an opening 52 is provided in a part of the protective layer 51, and the lead wire is directly connected to the Ag layer 34 in the electrode 30. It is necessary to bond (not shown). Since dielectrics such as SiO 2 and SiN have a low refractive index, when the protective layer 51 is formed, the reflectance of light can be further increased.
- the protective electrode 50 shown in FIG. 9A or the protective layer 51 shown in FIG. 9B it is possible to prevent Ag having a property of being easily migrated from diffusing.
- the Ag layer 34 is less likely to come into contact with sulfur or oxygen in the air, so that the sulfuration and oxidation of the Ag layer 34 can be prevented.
- 9A and 9B in the nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. 3A, components other than the Al d Ga e N layer 26, the Mg layer 32, and the Ag layer 34 are shown. The illustration is omitted.
- a wiring metal (Au, AuSn, etc.) may be formed on the protective electrode 50 or the protective layer 51 described above.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which an Ag alloy layer is deposited after a thin film metal layer is deposited on a p-type GaN layer.
- Pt is disclosed as a metal used for the thin film metal layer.
- Co, Ni, Pd are metals having a large work function.
- Patent Document 1 it is considered that these metals are used on the basis of technical common sense that it is preferable to use a metal having a large work function as the p-type electrode.
- a metal having a high work function Pd, Ni, Pt, etc.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an electrode structure made of Ag, an Ag—Ni alloy, an Ag—Pd alloy, an Ag—Rh alloy, or an Ag—Pt alloy.
- an alloy of a metal having a high work function and Ag is formed, and this idea is also based on common technical knowledge.
- the light emitting device may be used as a light source as it is.
- the light-emitting element according to the present invention can be suitably used as a light source (for example, a white light source) having an extended wavelength band when combined with a resin or the like including a fluorescent material for wavelength conversion.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of such a white light source.
- the light source of FIG. 10 includes a light emitting element 100 having the configuration shown in FIG. 3A and a phosphor that converts the wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting element 100 into a longer wavelength (for example, YAG: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet). And a resin layer 200 in which is dispersed.
- the light emitting element 100 is mounted on a support member 220 having a wiring pattern formed on the surface, and a reflection member 240 is disposed on the support member 220 so as to surround the light emitting element 100.
- the resin layer 200 is formed so as to cover the light emitting element 100.
- the p-type electrode 30 that is an Mg / Ag electrode is disposed closer to the support member 220 than the semiconductor multilayer structure 20.
- Light generated in the active layer 24 in the semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is emitted radially from the active layer 24.
- the light that has passed through the light extraction surface 10 a and the light reflected by the reflecting member 240 travels through the resin layer 200 and is extracted outside the light emitting element 100. At this time, part of the light is converted into light having a longer wavelength by the phosphor contained in the resin layer 200.
- the light traveling toward the electrode 30 out of the light emitted from the active layer 240 is reflected by the Ag layer in the electrode 30.
- the above-described excellent effect is exhibited.
- Such an effect of reducing the contact resistance
- the contact resistance can be greatly reduced with respect to the m-plane GaN by using the Mg / Ag electrode.
- the actual m-plane need not be a plane completely parallel to the m-plane, and may be inclined by a slight angle (0 to ⁇ 1 °) from the m-plane.
- the contact resistance between the p-type semiconductor region having the m-plane as the surface and the p-type electrode can be reduced, and the light absorption loss in the p-type electrode can be reduced. It is particularly preferably used as a diode (LED).
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Abstract
Description
10a 光取り出し面
12 基板の表面(m面)
20 半導体積層構造
22 AluGavInwN層
24 活性層
26 AldGaeN層
30 p型電極
30A、30B、30C p型電極
32 Mg層
34 Ag層
40 n型電極
42 凹部
50 保護電極
51 保護層
52 開口
61A、61C Mg-Ag合金層
100 窒化物系半導体発光素子
200 波長を変換する蛍光体が分散された樹脂層
220 支持部材
240 反射部材
Claims (26)
- 表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域上に設けられた電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体から形成され、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触したMg層と、前記Mg層の上に形成されたAg層とを含む、窒化物系半導体素子。 - 前記Ag層は、Agとは異なる金属からなる保護電極で覆われている、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記Ag層は、誘電体からなる保護層で覆われている、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記半導体積層構造は、
AlaInbGacN層(a+b+c=1,a≧0,b≧0,c≧0)を含む活性層を有し、前記活性層は光を発する、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。 - 前記p型半導体領域は、p型コンタクト層である、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記Mg層の厚さは前記Ag層の厚さ以下である、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記Mg層中のN濃度はGa濃度よりも低い、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記半導体積層構造を支持する半導体基板を有している、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記p型半導体領域はGaNである、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記Mg層および前記Ag層の少なくとも一部が合金化している、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 窒化物系半導体発光素子と、
前記窒化物系半導体発光素子から放射された光の波長を変換する蛍光物質を含む波長変換部と
を備える光源であって、
前記窒化物系半導体発光素子は、
表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域上に設けられた電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体からなり、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触したMg層と、前記Mg層の上に形成されたAg層とを含む、光源。 - 前記p型半導体領域はGaNである、請求項11に記載の光源。
- 前記Mg層および前記Ag層の少なくとも一部が合金化している、請求項11に記載の光源。
- 基板を用意する工程(a)と、
表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造を前記基板上に形成する工程(b)と、
前記半導体積層構造の前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に電極を形成する工程(c)とを含み、
前記工程(c)は、
前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に、Mg層を形成する工程と、
前記Mg層の上にAg層を形成する工程とを含む、窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。 - 前記工程(c)において、前記Mg層を加熱処理する工程を実行する、請求項14に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理は、500℃以上700℃以下の温度で実行される、請求項15に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理は、550℃以上600℃以下の温度で実行される、請求項16に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記Mg層を形成する工程は、パルス的に電子ビームを照射することによってMgを前記p型半導体領域の前記表面の上に蒸着させることを実行する、請求項14から17の何れか一つに記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記工程(b)を実行した後において、前記基板を除去する工程を含む、請求項14から18の何れか一つに記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記p型半導体領域はGaNである、請求項14に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記Mg層および前記Ag層の少なくとも一部が合金化している、請求項15に記載の窒化物系半導体素子の製造方法。
- 表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域上に設けられた電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体から形成され、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に形成されたアイランド状Mgと、前記アイランド状Mgの上に形成されたAg層とを含む、窒化物系半導体素子。 - 表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域上に設けられた電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体から形成され、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触したMg層と、前記Mg層の上に形成されたAg層とを含み、
前記Mg層は、Mg-Ag合金から形成されている、窒化物系半導体素子。 - 表面がm面であるp型半導体領域を有する窒化物系半導体積層構造と、
前記p型半導体領域上に設けられた電極と
を備え、
前記p型半導体領域は、AlxInyGazN(x+y+z=1,x≧0,y≧0,z≧0)半導体から形成され、
前記電極は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触した合金層のみから構成され、
前記合金層は、MgおよびAgから形成されている、窒化物系半導体素子。 - 前記合金層は、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面に接触するMg層と、前記Mg層の上に位置するAg層とを形成した後、熱処理を行うことにより形成された層である、請求項24に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
- 前記合金層は、MgとAgとの混合物または化合物を、前記p型半導体領域の前記表面上に蒸着した後、加熱処理を行なうことにより形成された層である、請求項24に記載の窒化物系半導体素子。
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US8823026B2 (en) | 2011-05-18 | 2014-09-02 | Panasonic Corporation | Nitride semiconductor light-emitting element and manufacturing method therefor |
CN102916054A (zh) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-06 | 三星电子株式会社 | 肖特基势垒二极管及其制造方法 |
JP2018113379A (ja) * | 2017-01-13 | 2018-07-19 | 一般財団法人ファインセラミックスセンター | 窒化物系半導体の非極性面のエッチング方法および窒化物系半導体の非極性面における結晶欠陥の検出方法 |
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CN102007576A (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
EP2352165A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
US8318594B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
WO2010113237A1 (ja) | 2010-10-07 |
EP2352165A4 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
US20110037088A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
JP4568379B1 (ja) | 2010-10-27 |
JPWO2010113405A1 (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
US20130015427A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
US20110253976A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
US8299490B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
EP2352165B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
CN102007576B (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
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